Units1-4 语法归纳(期末复习)课件 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

构成 用法 动词的过去式 1. 表示过去某个时间发 生的动作或存在的状态。 2. 表示过去经常或 反复发生的动作。 (the day before) yesterday last night / week in 1990 / just now On Sunday morning two days ago 一般过去时 常用时间 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 动词过去式 的构成 规则动词 regular verbs 不规则动词 irregular verbs 1. 动词be的变化： was were am is are 2. 助动词do的变化： do→ did (在过去时里助动词do没有人称和数的变化) 如：Did you play soccer yesterday? Did he play soccer yesterday? 3. 实义动词的变化： 实义动词分规则变化和不规则变化。 动词 构成 例词 一般的动词 词尾直接加-ed play – played help – helped work – worked 以字母e结尾的动词 词尾只加-d like – liked live – lived arrive – arrived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i，再加-ed study – studied cry – cried worry – worried 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop – stopped shop – shopped plan – planned 1. 规则动词的过去式 巧记： 过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加ed。 如果词尾有个e,直接加d就可以。 辅音字母y结尾，改y为i加ed。 一辅重闭作尾巴，双写之后加ed。 不规则动词的过去式变化各异,需要特殊记忆，每个不规则动词的变换形式都必须牢记。见课本P142—143。 2. 不规则动词的过去式 Past 过去 Now 现在 go to the movies do my homework play tennis play soccer clean the room went to the movies did my homework played tennis played soccer cleaned the room 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他？ When do you visit the Great Wall? →When did you visit the Great Wall? Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast? Yes, I do./ No, I don’t. Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 1.It was sunny. 2.I did my homework yesterday. 3.She played soccer last Sunday. 4.He cleaned his room last week. Did you do your homework yesterday? Did she play soccer last Sunday? Did he clean his homework last week? Was it sunny? 改成一般疑问句 动词一般过去时， 表示过去发生的事； be用was或用were, have,has变had； 谓语动词过去式， 过去时间作标志； 一般动词加-ed， 若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单， 主语之后didn’t添； 疑问句也不难， did放在主语前； 如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原； 动词若是was,were, 否定就把not添。 Summary 复合不定代词 -one -body -thing 一些 some someone somebody something 任何 any anyone anybody anything 每一 every everyone everybody everything 无 no no one nobody nothing 1. 复合不定代词的定义 由some, any, no, every分别加上-one, -body, -thing构成的不定代词叫做复合不定代词。 用法 构成 定义 2. 它们是如何构成的？ 复合不定代词 -one -body -thing 一些 some- someone somebody something 任何 any- anyone anybody anything 每一 every- everyone everybody everything 无 no- no one nobody nothing 用法 定义 构成 指代人 指代物 复合不定代词的用法 1.买特别的东西 2.做无聊的事 3.有重要的事 4.没什么有趣的 5.不同的事 6.没什么开心的 7.有用的东西 8.需要些喝的东西 buy something special do something boring have something important nothing interesting something different nothing fun something useful need something to drink 构成 定义 用法 不定代词在什么位置？ 1.形容词和不定式要放在不定代词之后 复合不定代词的用法 1) 所有人都认识他。 Everyone knows him. 2) 有什么有趣的事吗？ Is there anything interesting? 3) 今天的报纸上没有什么新内容。 There is nothing new on today's newspaper. 4) 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 构成 定义 用法 谓语动词用什么形式？ 2.谓语动词都用单数 复合不定代词的用法 1）有人认识他。 Someone knows him. 2）要些吃的东西吗？ Would you like something to eat？ 3）有什么有趣的事吗？ Is there anything interesting? 4)无论什么都行。 Anything is OK. 5) 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。 I can’t meet anybody on the island. 含some或any的复合不定代词用法？ 3.含some的： （1）常用肯定句 （2）问句表请求，建议（期待肯定答复） 4.含any的： （1）常用否、问句 （2）肯定句中表“任 何；无论...” 复合代词有特长，修饰成分放后边。 如果它来作主语，谓语单数没商量。 some- 代词肯定句，any- 代词否、疑忙。 若是希望得肯定，some- 代词不相让。 巧记复合不定代词的用法 How often do you exercise? How often do you exercise? 当主语是第三人称单数时 肯定句中不同人称对应的动词变化 主语+动词原形+其它. 主语+动词第三人称单数形式+其它. She sometimes plays soccer. 当主语不是第三人称单数时 I always go to the movies on Sunday evening. 一般现在时 Unit2 How often do you exercise? 16 三单形式构成 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加 -s clean-cleans; jump-jumps 以辅音字母+o结尾的词 加 -es go-goes; do-does 以s，sh，ch，x等结尾 加 -es watch-watches; wash-washes 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加es study-studies; fly-flies 不规则变化 背记 have-has; be-is 17 1. I go to the movies maybe once a month… Point maybe adv. 大概；或许；可能 maybe 副词，常位于句首作状语，意为”大概;或许;可能”,相当于perhaps。 may be may是情态动词，may be为“情态动词+动词原形”结构，在句中作谓语，意为“可能是”。 Maybe she is a doctor. = She may be a doctor. 她大概是一名医生。 Grammar Focus: language points 18 What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise? What do they do on weekends? Then often help with housework. What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping. How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month. How often does he watchTV? He hardly ever watches TV. Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping. Adverbs of frequency 勾画出频率副词及短语。 Grammar Focus 19 100% 80% 60% 40% 10% 0% 总是，一直 通常 常常 有时 几乎不 从不 never hardly/seldom sometimes often usually always Adverbs of frequency频率副词 20 一、频率副词和短语有哪些？ always> usually> often> sometimes> hardly ever= seldom> never 一年一次 1. 频率副词： 2. 频率副词短语： once a year 一月两次 twice a month 每天 every day 每两年 every 2 years 21 I’m always happy to see her. 实义动词之前 频率副词的位置 be动词、助动词、情态动词之后 有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于句首。 She always goes to school by bus. Sometimes he goes to work by bus. I can never forget it. Adverbs of frequency 22 对频率副词提问 how often 意为 “__________”，是用于提问表示 ____ 的特殊疑问词组。其答语应为表示 _____ 的副词或副词词组。句子的时态一般是_____________，也可以是一般过去时。 多久一次 对频率副词及短语提问 使用 how often. 频率 频率 一般现在时态 --- How often do you visit your grandparents? --- I visit them twice a month. 23 Is Tom smarter than Sam? No, he isn't. Sam is smarter than Tom. Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn't. Tina is more outgoing than Tara. Are you as friendly as your sister? No, I'm not. I'm friendlier. Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does. Who's more hard-working at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me. Tips: 形容词常与与be动词连用； 副词修饰行为动词，并往往位于动词后面。 Grammar Focus Underline the adjectives and circle the adverbs. Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. Is Tom smarter than Sam? No, he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom . Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara. Are you as friendly as your sister No, I am not. I’m friendlier. Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does. Who’s more hard-working at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me. 用_______比较两者不同，形容词或副词用__________形式. 用________比较两者在某一方面相同时，形容词或副词用 __________形式. than 比较级 as…as 原级 Grammar Focus 用法： Is Tom smarter than Sam? No, he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom . Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara. Are you as friendly as your sister No, I am not. I’m friendlier. Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does. Who’s more hard-working at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me. 1. A+___________+ ___________+than+ B. 2. A+___________ + ___________+than+ B. be 动词 adj.比较级 实义动词 adv.比较级 常用句型： Grammar Focus 1. 规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 tall taller fine finer big fat bigger fatter heavy early heavier earlier outgoing more outgoing 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er 以字母e结尾，在词尾加-r 重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”,再加-er 在词前加more 多音节词和部分双音节词 构成 1. My English is good, and my sister’s is better. 2. This egg is bad. That one is worse. 3. You've got little chocolate. He's got less. 4. You have many apples. He has more apples than you have. 5. I want to move to a farther place from London. 原级 比较级 good worse less many/much farther/further better bad little more far Observe the sentences and complete the table. 课本 P114 2.不规则变化 比较级+than A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级+ than + B Tom is taller than me. Tom runs faster than me (do). 比较级常用句型1 注意：than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词或省略后面的动词。 ◆“the + 比较级 + of the two” 意为 “两者中比较……的”。 English is becoming more and more important. ◆“比较级 + and + 比较级” 或 “more and more+ 形容词/副词原级”，表示 “越来越……”，其后均不可接than。 After the new year, the day is becoming warmer and warmer. ◆“The + 比较级, the + 比较级” 意为 “越……，越……”。 The harder she worked, the more progress she made. Lisa is the taller of the two girls. 比较级常用句型2 “Which / Who is + 比较级…？” 比较A、B两事物, 问其中哪一个较……时用此句型。如： Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one? Who is more active, Mary or Kate? Which one is more popular among students, going to concerts or going to movies? 比较级常用句型3 当表示一方超过另一方的“程度”时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far等来修饰形容词比较级。注意：比较级不能用very, so, too等修饰。 He is much more handsome than his brother. This book is even more useful than that one. Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow morning? 可修饰比较级的词 巧学妙记：两多(much, a lot)两少(a little, a bit)一甚至(even)，还有一个远（far)去了。 as...as 与……一样…… 1. as...as用来进行同级比较，中间要用形容词或副词的原级。 This movie is as moving as that one. 同级比较用原级，as...as永不离。若是否定加not，记得加在as前。 2. as...as的否定结构是not as/so...as，意为“不如……那样……”。 My sister is not as/so outgoing as me. 用原级表示比较级的句型 1）比较对象必须一致。 My hair is longer than yours. 2）有时为了避免重复，可用that或those代替前面提到的词，而且that或those不能省略。 The weather in Hainan is warmer than that in Beijing. His stories are more interesting than those I told. 比较级的注意事项 yours相当于your hair 用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较，常用of/in/among短语来说明比较的范围。 形容词最高级前要加the，副词最高级前的the可省略。最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时，不加the 定义 特点 It is the most popular song in the world. He is the tallest of the three. He runs (the) fastest. This is his best friend. 形容词、副词的最高级 of: 后接表示一群人或事物的名词或代词； in: 后接表示某一单位、团体或场所的名词； among: 在三者或三者以上当中 Unit4 What’s the best movie theater? 35 Lily is one of the best painters in China. 莉莉是中国最好的画家之一。 Jack is one of the most excellent students in the class. 杰克是班上最优秀的学生之一。 3. A+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of +比较范围 “A在…是...中最...的之一” 4. A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of+比较范围 “A在…中是第几…的” Li Hua is the second strongest in his class. 李华他是班上第二强的。 Peter is the third most handsome in his class. 彼特他是班上第三帅的。 形/副词最高级的句型 36 Who is the worst, Jack, Peter or Mike? 谁是最差的，杰克，彼特还是迈克？ 5. 疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级, A, B or C？“ABC中，哪一个最...” 6. 疑问词+行为动词(+the)+副词最高级, A, B or C？“ABC中，哪一个最...” Who runs (the) fastest, Jack, Peter or Mike? 谁跑得最快，杰克，彼特还是迈克？ 形/副词最高级的句型 37 【注意】当要比较的人或物不在同一个范围内时, 不加other。 Jack is stronger than any student in Japan. 杰克比日本任何一个学生都强。 最高级与比较级之间的转换--拓展 杰克是班里最强的 = 杰克比其他任何学生都强。 Jack is the strongest in his class. = Jack is stronger than any other student in his class. = Jack is stronger than the other students in his class. 最高级=比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 =比较级+the other+可数名词复数 38 构成方法 原级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 high highest fine finest big biggest easy easiest 多音节和部分双音节词 carefully most carefully 形/副词最高级的规则变化 一般，在词汇尾加-est 以字母e结尾，词尾加-st “辅元辅”重读闭音节， 双写末尾字母，再加-est 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，把“y”变为“i”，再加-est 在词前加most 39 形容词的原形、比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 big bigger biggest cheap cheaper cheapest new newer newest close closer closest expensive more expensive most expensive popular more popular most popular comfortable more comfortable most comfortable interesting more interesting most interesting 40 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better many/ much more bad/ill/badly worse old older/elder far farther/ further 常用的不规则形容词比较级和最高级变化形式 best most worst oldest/eldest farthest/ furthest 41 最高级规则变化口诀 最高级，很容易，一般词尾加est。 (cheap-cheapest) 词尾若有哑音e, 直接就加st。 (close-closest) 重读闭音节， 单辅音字母要双写。 (big-biggest) 辅音字母若加y, 记得把y变为i。 (friendly-friendliest) 多音节，此前加上most。 (popular-most popular) 42 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级 Exercises clever __________ cheaply __________ large __________ nice __________ well __________ busy __________ thin __________ fat __________ little __________ beautiful __________ cute __________ heavy __________ far __________ bad __________ relaxing__________ cleverest most cheaply largest nicest best busiest fattest least heaviest cutest worst thinnest most beautiful farthest/furthest most relaxing 43 1. A+ be+ the+形容词最高级+in/of + 比较范围 ：“A是…中最…的” 2. A + 行为动词 + (the) 副词最高级+ in/of + 比较范围 “A是…中最…的” Jack is the tallest of the three. 杰克是三人中最高的。 Peter is the most serious of the three. 彼特是三人中最严肃的。 Jack runs (the) fastest in the world. 杰克在世界上跑得最快。 Peter runs (the) most slowly of all. 彼特在所有人中跑得最慢。 形/副词最高级的句型 44 Lily is one of the best painters in China. 莉莉是中国最好的画家之一。 Jack is one of the most excellent students in the class. 杰克是班上最优秀的学生之一。 3. A+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of +比较范围 “A在…是...中最...的之一” 4. A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of+比较范围 “A在…中是第几…的” Li Hua is the second strongest in his class. 李华他是班上第二强的。 Peter is the third most handsome in his class. 彼特他是班上第三帅的。 形/副词最高级的句型 45 Who is the worst, Jack, Peter or Mike? 谁是最差的，杰克，彼特还是迈克？ 5. 疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级, A, B or C？“ABC中，哪一个最...” 6. 疑问词+行为动词(+the)+副词最高级, A, B or C？“ABC中，哪一个最...” Who runs (the) fastest, Jack, Peter or Mike? 谁跑得最快，杰克，彼特还是迈克？ 形/副词最高级的句型 46 【注意】当要比较的人或物不在同一个范围内时, 不加other。 Jack is stronger than any student in Japan. 杰克比日本任何一个学生都强。 最高级与比较级之间的转换--拓展 杰克是班里最强的 = 杰克比其他任何学生都强。 Jack is the strongest in his class. = Jack is stronger than any other student in his class. = Jack is stronger than the other students in his class. 最高级=比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 =比较级+the other+可数名词复数 47 常用句型 比较级表达最高级含义 注意 Jim is the tallest boy in his class.吉姆是他班上个子最高的男孩 Who rus fastest, Bob, Mike or Nick? 鲍勃、迈克和尼克，谁跑得最快？ China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一 the+最高级+in/of短语 Which/Who+谓语+最高级，A,B or C? one of+the+最高级+复数名词 用法 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较 形容词和副词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 the+序数词+最高级+单数名词 It’s the funniest movies (that) I have ever seen. 它是我看过最滑稽的电影。 the+最高级+名词+（that）从句 48 比较级+than any other+单数名词 比较级+than the other+复数名词 He is taller than any other boy in his class.他比他班里的其他任何一个男孩都高。 He is taller than the other boys in his class. 他比他班里的其他男孩都高。 形容词最高级前需加the，副词最高级前可省略the 常用句型 比较级表达最高级含义 注意 用法 形容词和副词的最高级 49 $$