第01讲 Unit 1 Past and present 核心知识精讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年八年级英语寒假提升精品讲义（牛津译林版）

第01讲 Unit 1 Past and present 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理（吃透教材） 模块三 核心考点精讲精练 模块四 核心语法精讲精练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 课本词汇清单 abroad 到（在）国外 anyway 尽管，即使这样 before 以前，过去 block 街区 communicate 交流，交际 communication 交流，交际 condition 环境，条件，状况 environment 环境 ever 曾经 exactly （答语）正是，没错 factory 工厂 husband 丈夫 impossible 不可能的 improve 改进，改善 interview 采访；会见 just 刚才 last 最近，上一次；最后 lonely 孤独的，寂寞的 married 已婚的，结婚的 narrow 狭窄的 northern 北方的，北部的 over 在……期间 past 过去；过去的 pollution 污染；污染物 present 现在，目前 primary 小学教育的；初级的 realize 意识到；实现 recently 近来，最近 return 返回 since 自……以来 situation 形势，情况 transport 交通车辆，运输工具 waste 废品；废料 wife(pl. wives) 妻子 yet 还，仍 课本短语清单 a railway station 火车站 a steel factory 一家钢铁厂 all one’s life 一生 be born 出生 be kind to 对……友好 be/get used to 习惯于，适应于 because of 因为 by underground 乘地铁 communicate with sb. 与某人交流 different forms of transport 不同的运输方式 do a history project 做一个历史课题 each other 互相 enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒服的生活 feel a bit lonely 感到有点儿孤独 from time to time 有时，不时，偶尔 get married to sb. 和某人结婚 go abroad 去国外 go to other cities 去别的城市 have fun 玩得高兴 hear about 听说 improve the situation 改善这种情况 in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间 in some ways 在某种程度上 in the northern part of 在……的北部 in the past 在过去 keep in touch 保持联系 live a poor life 过着贫穷的生活 live a(n) ... life 过着……的生活 living conditions 居住条件 most of... ……的大多数 move away 搬走 move house 搬家 on both sides 在两边 on foot 步行 on one’s own 单独 open space 开阔的空地 over the years 在这几年间 play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下中国象棋 primary school 小学 put the waste into the river 把废物倒入河里 put...into... 把……放进…… run through 流经 share...with sb. 与某人分享/共用…… since then 自从那以后 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 take place 发生 turn...into... 把……变成…… used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 wait for 等待 课本句型清单 —Eddie, have you seen my food? 埃迪，你看见我的食物了吗？ —Yes, I’ve just eaten it. 看见了，我刚刚把它吃了。 You used to share food with me! 你过去常常与我分享食物！ Now, the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. 现在政府已经将镇中心的一部分变成了一个新公园。 Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. 之后，政府意识到了这个问题，并采取行动来改善这种情况。 Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我时不时地感到有点儿寂寞。 Have you seen any films recently, Sandy? 桑迪，你最近看了什么电影吗？ Many families even have their own cars. 许多家庭甚至拥有他们自己的汽车。 How did you go to school when you were a student, Dad? 爸爸，当你是一个学生时，你这样去上海？ I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常常骑自行车去上学。 —When did you last see each other? 你们上次是什么时候碰面的？ —About five years ago. 大概五年前。 —So how do you keep in touch with each other? 那么，你们这样保持联系？ —We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。 ...my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. ……我和妻子搬到两个街区以外的地方，自那以后，我们就一直住在这里。 It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly. 快速习惯生活的改变是不容易的。 I’ve lived here since I was born. 我自从出生以来就一直住在这里。 Has the town change a lot over the years? 近几年间这个城镇变化大吗？ Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town. 不管怎样，看到城镇这些令人惊叹的变化，还是不错的。 书面表达清单 如何写有关家乡变化的文章 1. 话题分析 本单元的话题是"过去和现在”，主要介绍了城镇的变化。时代在发展,社会在进步,变化在我们身边一直发生着 描写家乡的变化，可以增强我们对家乡的认识和了解。在描写家乡的变化时，可以从家乡的环境、交通、生活水平等多方面进行今昔对比 2. 经典名题 根据以下提示,以"Changes in my hometown”为题,写一筒80词左右的英语短文，可适当发挥。 过去 现在 破旧人们生活贫苦，房屋破旧 人们生活富裕,住房宽敞明亮。 人们不爱护环境，随地扔垃圾 大家都保护环境，山绿了，水清了,天蓝了。 交通不便 交通方便，许多人都有了自己的小轿车 为家乡的变化感到自豪，要为家乡…… 思路导引： 一．审题： ①体裁：说明文 ② 话题：描述家乡的变化 ③时态：以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 ④人称：以第三人称为主 2． 段落布局 1. 总述家乡的变化：Great changes have take place.. 2. 家乡今昔对比： In the past... People used to live.... They had no idea of protecting.... Now...People live in...houses..have their own cars. The water in the rivers is ... The hills are ... 3. 抒发个人感情--- I'm very proud... And I sure... 三．素材准备: 短语如下： change a lot 变化很大 take place 发生 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 in the past在过 protect the environment 保护环境 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 live/enjoy a happy life 过着/享受幸福的生活 be proud of 以……为荣 句子如下： 1. There have been great changes in my hometown over the years 这些年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化 2. People used to live a hard life. 人们曾过着艰苦的生活 3. People didn't realize the importance of protecting the environment. 人们没有意识到保护环境的重要性 4. Most people have their own cars. 大多数人有了自己的小轿车。 5. I'm proud that my hometown has changed a lot. 我的家乡变化很大,我很骄傲。 佳作展示 Changes in my hometown Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years. In the past, my hometown used to be very small. People used to live a poor life in small and old houses. They had no idea of protecting the environment, and they used to throw litter everywhere. The traffic was also not convenient. Now there have been great changes in my hometown. People live in big and bright houses and many people even have their own cars. They live a rich life. Everyone takes action to protect the environment. The water in the rivers is clean. The hills are green and the sky is blue. The new roads are wide. I'm very proud of the changes in my hometown. And I'm sure my hometown will become better and better in the future. 阅读积累 佳句集锦 1. The wheel of change moves on,and those who were down go up and those who were up go down. 变化的车轮滚滚前进,有的人上来了,有的人下去了。 2. To live is to change,and to live better is to change more often. 生活就是变化,生活得愈好就是变化得愈频繁。 3. We must change, renew ourselves constantly, otherwise we will become rigid. 我们必须不断改变更新我们自己,否则我们会变得僵化。 4. Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. 没有变化就不可能有进步,那些不能改变自己思想的人不可能改变任何事物。 5. The world is a stage of changes. 世界是变化的舞台。 考点1 You've changed, Eddie.埃迪，你变了。 【知识讲解】 change此处用作不及物动词，意为“变化”。此外，changes还可以作及物动词 词组：change A into B= turn A into B 把A变成 change作为可数名词为“变化”，作为不可数名词为“零钱” 考点2. You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分着吃食物的! 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 used to do过去常常做某事，一般过去时 否定句：usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do； 一般疑问句：Used…to do或Did…use to do be/get used to sth/doing习惯某物/习惯做某事 eg: Tina used to be shy, but now she is used to speaking in front of the public. be used to do，be used for doing被用来做某事 eg: Knives are used to cut things. 【考点②】 share (sth) with sb和某人分享（某物）、和某人共用（某物） eg: Lily shares a room with her twin sister. 考点3. Well, there were always too many people on the bus..嗯，那时在公共汽车上总是有太多...... 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 too many太多/so many如此多/many许多，修饰复数名词 too much太多/so much如此多/much许多，修饰不可数名词或动词 much too（实在）太、非常，修饰形容词或副词 【考点②】 It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费某人……（时间）可以转化成Doing sth takes sb some time. eg: It took you too much time to play games. eg: Learning Chinese takes Mary ten hours every week. 【考点③】 wait for sb/sth等待某人或某物 wait to do等待做某事 can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事 eg: Yoyo is waiting for her cousin to play tennis together. 考点4. I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents.我最初和我的父母一起住在城镇的北部。 【知识详解】 （1）northern为形容词，意为“北方的，北部的”，其名词形式为north,意为“北方;北部”。 短语：in the northern part of意为 “...的北部”，=in the north of。 east (n.东方)+-ern eastern (adj. 东方的) west (n.西方)+ern western (adj. 西方的) south (n. 南方) +ern southern (adi南方的) north (n.北方)+ern northern (adj. 北方的) (2) 表示两地的位置关系时, 若A地在B地范围之内, 用介词in; 若A地与B接壤, 用介词on; 若A地与B地之 间有距离间隔, 则用介词to。 考点5.When I got married in 1965，my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. 当我1965年结婚时，我和妻了搬到了两个街区以外,此后我们一直住在这里。 【知识详解】 【考点①】 get married结婚，短暂性动词，A and B get married，A get married to B marry嫁、娶，短暂性动词，A marry B be married已婚，结婚，延续性动词，A and B are married，A is married to B eg: She married Mr. Liu in 2013.(嫁) They have been married for over 10 years.(结婚) eg: Sue’s sister is married.(已婚的) She got married to Mr. Brown 2 years ago.(与……结婚) 【考点②】 move…away搬离，fly away飞走，drive…away赶走 【考点③】 since then自从那时起，现在完成时的时间标志 考点6.They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废物排入河中。(教材第9页) 【知识讲解】 1) put 的常用短语（重点知识）: ①put on穿上，戴上，上演(戏剧)。 ②put out扑灭。 ③put up举起，搭建，张贴。 ④put away收拾好。 2) waste 此处用作不可数名词，意为“废料，废品” 可以和a连用,a waste of..“浪费....”。 考点7. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 realize the problem意识到问题 realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想 【考点②】 take action to improve the situation采取行动改善状况 take action to do采取行动做某事 考点8. Now the river is much cleaner.现在这条河干净多了。 【知识讲解】 much 可修饰比较级 在形容词比较级前可以使用:a little, a bit, even, a lot, a great deal, far 考点9. Well, in some ways it is.嗯，在某种程度上是这样的。(教材第9页) 【知识讲解】 in some ways 意为“在某种程度上，在某些方面”。 【拓展】 in many ways 从很多方面来说 in no way 绝不，无论如何都不、 by the way 顺便说一下 lose one’s way 迷路 in one’s way 挡住某人的路 on one’s way to 在某人去 ……的路上 考点10.Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.现在我时不时会觉得有点儿孤独。 【知识讲解】 1)辨析: lonely与alone lonely adj. 作表语或定语。 “孤单的”, 强调人内心的感受; “偏僻的”, 强 调地理位置 She lives in a lonely mountain village. alone adj./adv “单独, 独自” I never feel lonely when I am alone. The old man lives alone on the hill. （2）from time to time =sometimes=at times.有时 考点11. Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 amazing changes令人惊讶地变化 amazing令人惊讶的，修饰物；amazed感到惊讶的、吃惊的，修饰人，be amazed at sth对某物感到惊讶；amaze使惊讶，amaze sb使某人惊讶/诧异 eg: The amazing story made us very amazed./The amazing story amazes us a lot. 【考点②】 take place发生，不及物，无被动语态 sth take place (+时间/地点) 某事发生 take place指非偶然性事件的“发生”，有某种原因或事先的安排；happen通常指未准备地发生或偶然发生。 sth happen to sb某人发生某事 eg: Our school sports meeting will take place next week. eg: What happened to your car? 考点12. Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen, Millie.米莉，告诉我更多有关你对陈先生的采访的内容。 【知识讲解】 interview 此处用作可数名词，意为“采访;访谈”，还可意为“会见”。have an interview with sb.意为“采访某人”。 考点13.it作形式主语的句型： It is + adjective + (of/ for…) + to… 做某事情对某人来说是… It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费…做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做… It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是（某人）做某事的时候了 It is said/ reported/… that… 据说/报道… It is / has been +时段+ since +从句(过去时) 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 考点14.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。 【考点讲解】 1) impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的”。impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。 英语中的否定前缀有un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-等 necessary— unnecessary friendly —unfriendly 以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。 correct—incorrect expensive—inexpensive 以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。 proper—improper polite—impolite 以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。 regular—irregular 有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词。 honest—dishonest (2)as..as... 意为.......”中间用形容词或副词原级。as..as.... 的否定形式是not as/so...as...,意为“不如....” 一、定义 现在完成时定义： （1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。 二、结构 肯定句 have/has+ done 过去分词 否定句 主语+have/has+not+ done +其他. 一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+ done +其他? 简略答语 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三、过去分词的规则变化 1. 大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed clean cleaned help helped 1. 以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d like liked live lived 1. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed try tried study studied 1. 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed. plan planned stop stopped 四、用法 【用法1】 表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响。这种用法常与already, just, yet, ever, never, times (次数) 等连用. e.g. Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has already cleaned the blackboard. 这句话所表示强调的结果是黑板现在是干净的。(他已经擦过黑板了)  现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语: * 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.　他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.　他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet.　他还没有回来。 * 以ever和never为标志　 This is the best film I have ever seen.　这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.　他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far（到目前为止）为标志 He has got to Beijing so far.　到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far.　到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 * 其他时间状语，如recently、over the past few years 注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. e.g. I have done my homework already. I haven’t done my homework yet. 【用法2】 表示过去的动作一直持续到现在甚至未来。时间状语: since, for 过去的时间点 since 1990, since last year 现在完成时+ since + 时间段+ago since three years ago 句子（一般过去时） since I went to school e.g. He has gone to Beijing since 3 years ago. 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 e.g. I have studied English for ten years. 五、注意 注意： 瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for /since连用。要改变动词 begin-----be on   borrow -----keep buy----have close -----be closed come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in die----be dead finish----be over go out----be out leave ----be away open----be open ★1、have代替buy 　　My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow 　　I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold 　　Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on 四、has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 1. have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. 2. have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. 3. have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 一、单项选择 1．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）The Wild Park ________ for several months. Let’s go there for a trip this weekend. A．has opened B．has been open C．opened D．opens 2．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末）—Hello, Mr. Zhang. Can I speak to Mike please? —Sorry, Simon. But he ________ the library. A．has been to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 3．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Xuyi, a city in Jiangsu Province, ________ for its crayfish (龙虾) since 2000. A．is famous B．was famous C．will be famous D．has been famous 4．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末）—French films are my cup of tea. Some of them are really wonderful. —Oh, what a pity! I ________ any of them. A．won’t watch B．am not watching C．was watching D．haven’t watched 5．（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）—Where is Mr. White, Martina? —He __________ Hong Kong. He will come back next week. A．goes to B．has been to C．is going to D．has gone to 6．（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）Jenny can tell every street in Zhenjiang because she ________ this city for 22 years. A．was B．has been in C．has been to D．has gone to 7．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Amy with her parents ________ the cinema to watch the film. —Oh, that’s why they are not at home now. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 8．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）Though the great scientist __________ for three years, we will never forget the contribution he made. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 9．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）— Have you finished reading the book Oliver Twist? — Not yet. I ________ it for nearly a month I’m going to the library to renew it. A．have bought B．have borrowed C．have had D．have kept 10．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）— Hello! May I speak to Jack? —Sorry. He ________ to the library. A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been 11．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Let’s turn on the TV and enjoy watching the football match. —It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0, China won. A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over 12．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—Where is Miss Smith, Tina? —She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left ten minutes ago. A．has been to B．has gone to C．is going to D．goes to 13．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·开学考试）—How long ________ they ________? —Sorry, I don’t know. But I know that Peter is going to ________ a nurse next week. A．did, marry; marry to B．did, get married; marry with C．have, got married; marry D．have, been married; marry 14．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）How time flies! It has been ten years since I ________ him in Xuzhou. A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 15．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—Where is Miss Smith, Jenny? —She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left half an hour ago. A．has gone to B．has been to C．is going to D．goes to 16．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）Jim, turn off the TV. It ________ for two hours. A．began B．has begun C．was on D．has been on 17．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）—Hello! This is Daniel speaking. May I speak to Amy, please? —Sorry, but she ________ the city library. A．will go to B．was going to C．has gone to D．goes to 18．（24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）In the past several years, I ________ several ways to deal with my insomnia(失眠) but none of them ________. A．tried; works B．have tried; succeeds C．tried; succeeds D．have tried; works 19．（24-25八年级上·江苏连云港·期中）This is not ________ useful book for me, but I will ________ it for a week because I don’t have time to return it. A．an; keep B．a; keep C．an; borrow D．a; borrow 20．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）—How long may I ________ your bike, Denial? —For two weeks. But you mustn’t ________ it to others, Amy. A．borrow; lend B．keep; lend C．keep; borrow D．lend; borrow 二、单词拼写 21．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）I’m afraid we can’t finish the task, but thanks for your help (即使这样，尽管). 22．（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）Can you work out the time and money (精确地) before you start your work? 23．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）My grandfather is over seventy years old and he enjoys talking about the (过去). 24．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Every year, about 6.5 million people lose their lives because of air (pollute). 25．（23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）All the villagers’ living (状况) have changed greatly in recent years. 26．（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）I don’t know whether she is (结婚的) or not, you may ask her mother. 27．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）I knew from past experience that further communication could help the (寂寞的) man. 28．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）We should try to use as many methods as possible to control (控制) the (污染). 29．（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）The old couple feel ________ (孤独的) because their children are away. 30．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）Now Mo Yan is famous both at home and . (在国外) 31．（22-23八年级下·江苏盐城·期末）DIY (确切) stands for “do-it-yourself”. 32．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期中）The Chinese government has done a lot to control water (pollute). 33．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）The Internet has made (communicate) much easier. 34．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）We all think it (possible) for him to win the math competition because he isn’t good at math at all. 35．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）The noise made sleep , so Mike went outside to find out what happened. (possible) 36．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）She doesn’t feel like (communication) with anyone because of failure in the exam. 37．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）It was (possible) for me to get such great success without their support. 38．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—How do you keep in touch with Becky? —By email. The Internet makes (communicate) much easier. 39．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）My uncle went to the (north) part of Africa to work as a volunteer last year. 40．（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）Tom and Linda (marry) for ten years, but they never argue with each other. 三、阅读理解 （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Improvements in technology often happen overnight. Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones. Here are some old gadgets that people used to use. ① Do you have a landline at home? These are phones that people plug (插入) into their living room walls. Mobile phones didn’t use to be so popular at that time, so most families had a landline. But landlines only worked at home. What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone? They looked for a pay phone! Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines. ② People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks. The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful—each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better. But even the best ones could only hold 1.44 MB．You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage (储存空间) available on a 32 GB phone! ③ It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to cost much, and people took fewer of them. To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film. This allowed you to take up to 30 photos. After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days. Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old. What do you think will be next to disappear (消失)? 41．What is the title of each paragraph? a. Goodbye Disks         b. Music to my Ears     c. Picture This d. Call Me         e. Film Development A．①—d; ②—b; ③—e B．①—d; ②—a; ③—c C．①—c; ②—a; ③—b D．①—c; ②—b; ③—e 42．What can we get from the passage? A．No homes had landlines now. B．Floppy disks could store much information. C．You could take 40 photos with a roll of film. D．The improvements in technology change people’s life. 43．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Changing Phones B．The Gadgets of Tomorrow C．The Gadgets We are Using D．The Tools We Used to Use 四、完形填空 （23-24八年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）The Chinese high-speed railways have a quality (质量) all on its own. Tier 1 (一线) cities like Beijing have several hundred high-speed trains stopping at the 44 every day. China’s technology on building the railway is 45 the rest of the world. There is no 46 that any other country could be better than China in the near future. I had my first chance to ride the high-speed trains last week 47 I had a business meeting in Zhengzhou. As someone 48 with a disdain (偏见) for public transportation (not sure why the US hates it so much), I was afraid of the experience. I hoped to fly, but was told that it would be much better if I 49 the train. The train was 50 . I had traveled on a train before in the US and hated how slow it was and how many stops there were. Chinese high-speed trains are on a different 51 . The trains are clean and the seats are huge. You can’t even feel how fast the train is moving. If there were no windows, I wouldn’t be able to tell when we were 52 or when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smooth. I’m traveling again this week by train and I’m 53 . 44．A．city B．town C．village D．country 45．A．accepting B．leading C．following D．getting 46．A．instruction B．form C．sign D．action 47．A．though B．when C．if D．until 48．A．got up B．woke up C．gave up D．grew up 49．A．took B．left C．found D．produced 50．A．slow B．wide C．boring D．amazing 51．A．price B．level C．condition D．situation 52．A．flew B．ran C．went D．stopped 53．A．busy B．funny C．excited D．careful 五、短文填空 （23-24八年级下·山东潍坊·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Mike Moore 54 (visit) China more than 20 times since his first visit in 1984. In his eyes, the change of means of transportation (交通方式) in Chinese cities could show that China 55 (develop) a lot so far. “My 56 (one) impression (印象) of China was: 57 (thousand) of people in blue or green uniforms (制服) on bikes in the cities. After about 15 years, many people rode motors (摩托车). Another five years later, you are able 58 (meet) more private cars in different colours,” he said. “Now you can see all kinds of cars in Chinese cities. They have no 59 (different) from other big cities in the world,” he went on. “From bikes to cars, you can feel that great changes 60 (take) place in China over the past few years,” Moore said. Moore described 61 (him) as a “China fan”. He said that Chinese people have now become more confident, happier and healthier than before, and the living environment in big cities 62 (improve) too. He believes that China will be one of 63 (strong) countries in the world in the future. And he’s looking forward to seeing that day. （23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）首字母填空 In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. The roads used to be n 64 and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 65 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 66 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. They often put the w 67 into the river. Water pollution was also a big problem. Nowadays, our living c 68 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can choose different t 69 of transport to go anywhere. The g 70 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 71 into big beautiful houses. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. The birds are singing h 72 . Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colorful flowers. Our country is becoming richer and s 73 . We are living a happy life. 六、书面表达 74．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）随着社会的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。进入初二，我们自己也在发生着改变。请你根据下表中的提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的看法。 Changes around us 1. going abroad 2. traveling online 3. using computers and mobile phones …… Changes of me 1. doing more reading 2. giving a helping hand 3. protecting the environment …… 注意： 1. 必须包括所有要点 ，可以适当发挥，使短文语言通顺，意思连贯； 2. 不少于 80词，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。 Great changes have taken place around us. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 Unit 1 Past and present 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理（吃透教材） 模块三 核心考点精讲精练 模块四 核心语法精讲精练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 课本词汇清单 abroad 到（在）国外 anyway 尽管，即使这样 before 以前，过去 block 街区 communicate 交流，交际 communication 交流，交际 condition 环境，条件，状况 environment 环境 ever 曾经 exactly （答语）正是，没错 factory 工厂 husband 丈夫 impossible 不可能的 improve 改进，改善 interview 采访；会见 just 刚才 last 最近，上一次；最后 lonely 孤独的，寂寞的 married 已婚的，结婚的 narrow 狭窄的 northern 北方的，北部的 over 在……期间 past 过去；过去的 pollution 污染；污染物 present 现在，目前 primary 小学教育的；初级的 realize 意识到；实现 recently 近来，最近 return 返回 since 自……以来 situation 形势，情况 transport 交通车辆，运输工具 waste 废品；废料 wife(pl. wives) 妻子 yet 还，仍 课本短语清单 a railway station 火车站 a steel factory 一家钢铁厂 all one’s life 一生 be born 出生 be kind to 对……友好 be/get used to 习惯于，适应于 because of 因为 by underground 乘地铁 communicate with sb. 与某人交流 different forms of transport 不同的运输方式 do a history project 做一个历史课题 each other 互相 enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒服的生活 feel a bit lonely 感到有点儿孤独 from time to time 有时，不时，偶尔 get married to sb. 和某人结婚 go abroad 去国外 go to other cities 去别的城市 have fun 玩得高兴 hear about 听说 improve the situation 改善这种情况 in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间 in some ways 在某种程度上 in the northern part of 在……的北部 in the past 在过去 keep in touch 保持联系 live a poor life 过着贫穷的生活 live a(n) ... life 过着……的生活 living conditions 居住条件 most of... ……的大多数 move away 搬走 move house 搬家 on both sides 在两边 on foot 步行 on one’s own 单独 open space 开阔的空地 over the years 在这几年间 play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下中国象棋 primary school 小学 put the waste into the river 把废物倒入河里 put...into... 把……放进…… run through 流经 share...with sb. 与某人分享/共用…… since then 自从那以后 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 take place 发生 turn...into... 把……变成…… used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 wait for 等待 课本句型清单 —Eddie, have you seen my food? 埃迪，你看见我的食物了吗？ —Yes, I’ve just eaten it. 看见了，我刚刚把它吃了。 You used to share food with me! 你过去常常与我分享食物！ Now, the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. 现在政府已经将镇中心的一部分变成了一个新公园。 Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. 之后，政府意识到了这个问题，并采取行动来改善这种情况。 Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我时不时地感到有点儿寂寞。 Have you seen any films recently, Sandy? 桑迪，你最近看了什么电影吗？ Many families even have their own cars. 许多家庭甚至拥有他们自己的汽车。 How did you go to school when you were a student, Dad? 爸爸，当你是一个学生时，你这样去上海？ I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常常骑自行车去上学。 —When did you last see each other? 你们上次是什么时候碰面的？ —About five years ago. 大概五年前。 —So how do you keep in touch with each other? 那么，你们这样保持联系？ —We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。 ...my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. ……我和妻子搬到两个街区以外的地方，自那以后，我们就一直住在这里。 It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly. 快速习惯生活的改变是不容易的。 I’ve lived here since I was born. 我自从出生以来就一直住在这里。 Has the town change a lot over the years? 近几年间这个城镇变化大吗？ Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town. 不管怎样，看到城镇这些令人惊叹的变化，还是不错的。 书面表达清单 如何写有关家乡变化的文章 1. 话题分析 本单元的话题是"过去和现在”，主要介绍了城镇的变化。时代在发展,社会在进步,变化在我们身边一直发生着 描写家乡的变化，可以增强我们对家乡的认识和了解。在描写家乡的变化时，可以从家乡的环境、交通、生活水平等多方面进行今昔对比 2. 经典名题 根据以下提示,以"Changes in my hometown”为题,写一筒80词左右的英语短文，可适当发挥。 过去 现在 破旧人们生活贫苦，房屋破旧 人们生活富裕,住房宽敞明亮。 人们不爱护环境，随地扔垃圾 大家都保护环境，山绿了，水清了,天蓝了。 交通不便 交通方便，许多人都有了自己的小轿车 为家乡的变化感到自豪，要为家乡…… 思路导引： 一．审题： ①体裁：说明文 ② 话题：描述家乡的变化 ③时态：以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 ④人称：以第三人称为主 2． 段落布局 1. 总述家乡的变化：Great changes have take place.. 2. 家乡今昔对比： In the past... People used to live.... They had no idea of protecting.... Now...People live in...houses..have their own cars. The water in the rivers is ... The hills are ... 3. 抒发个人感情--- I'm very proud... And I sure... 三．素材准备: 短语如下： change a lot 变化很大 take place 发生 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 in the past在过 protect the environment 保护环境 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 live/enjoy a happy life 过着/享受幸福的生活 be proud of 以……为荣 句子如下： 1. There have been great changes in my hometown over the years 这些年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化 2. People used to live a hard life. 人们曾过着艰苦的生活 3. People didn't realize the importance of protecting the environment. 人们没有意识到保护环境的重要性 4. Most people have their own cars. 大多数人有了自己的小轿车。 5. I'm proud that my hometown has changed a lot. 我的家乡变化很大,我很骄傲。 佳作展示 Changes in my hometown Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years. In the past, my hometown used to be very small. People used to live a poor life in small and old houses. They had no idea of protecting the environment, and they used to throw litter everywhere. The traffic was also not convenient. Now there have been great changes in my hometown. People live in big and bright houses and many people even have their own cars. They live a rich life. Everyone takes action to protect the environment. The water in the rivers is clean. The hills are green and the sky is blue. The new roads are wide. I'm very proud of the changes in my hometown. And I'm sure my hometown will become better and better in the future. 阅读积累 佳句集锦 1. The wheel of change moves on,and those who were down go up and those who were up go down. 变化的车轮滚滚前进,有的人上来了,有的人下去了。 2. To live is to change,and to live better is to change more often. 生活就是变化,生活得愈好就是变化得愈频繁。 3. We must change, renew ourselves constantly, otherwise we will become rigid. 我们必须不断改变更新我们自己,否则我们会变得僵化。 4. Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. 没有变化就不可能有进步,那些不能改变自己思想的人不可能改变任何事物。 5. The world is a stage of changes. 世界是变化的舞台。 考点1 You've changed, Eddie.埃迪，你变了。 【知识讲解】 change此处用作不及物动词，意为“变化”。此外，changes还可以作及物动词 词组：change A into B= turn A into B 把A变成 change作为可数名词为“变化”，作为不可数名词为“零钱” 考点2. You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分着吃食物的! 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 used to do过去常常做某事，一般过去时 否定句：usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do； 一般疑问句：Used…to do或Did…use to do be/get used to sth/doing习惯某物/习惯做某事 eg: Tina used to be shy, but now she is used to speaking in front of the public. be used to do，be used for doing被用来做某事 eg: Knives are used to cut things. 【考点②】 share (sth) with sb和某人分享（某物）、和某人共用（某物） eg: Lily shares a room with her twin sister. 考点3. Well, there were always too many people on the bus..嗯，那时在公共汽车上总是有太多...... 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 too many太多/so many如此多/many许多，修饰复数名词 too much太多/so much如此多/much许多，修饰不可数名词或动词 much too（实在）太、非常，修饰形容词或副词 【考点②】 It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费某人……（时间）可以转化成Doing sth takes sb some time. eg: It took you too much time to play games. eg: Learning Chinese takes Mary ten hours every week. 【考点③】 wait for sb/sth等待某人或某物 wait to do等待做某事 can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事 eg: Yoyo is waiting for her cousin to play tennis together. 考点4. I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents.我最初和我的父母一起住在城镇的北部。 【知识详解】 （1）northern为形容词，意为“北方的，北部的”，其名词形式为north,意为“北方;北部”。 短语：in the northern part of意为 “...的北部”，=in the north of。 east (n.东方)+-ern eastern (adj. 东方的) west (n.西方)+ern western (adj. 西方的) south (n. 南方) +ern southern (adi南方的) north (n.北方)+ern northern (adj. 北方的) (2) 表示两地的位置关系时, 若A地在B地范围之内, 用介词in; 若A地与B接壤, 用介词on; 若A地与B地之 间有距离间隔, 则用介词to。 考点5.When I got married in 1965，my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. 当我1965年结婚时，我和妻了搬到了两个街区以外,此后我们一直住在这里。 【知识详解】 【考点①】 get married结婚，短暂性动词，A and B get married，A get married to B marry嫁、娶，短暂性动词，A marry B be married已婚，结婚，延续性动词，A and B are married，A is married to B eg: She married Mr. Liu in 2013.(嫁) They have been married for over 10 years.(结婚) eg: Sue’s sister is married.(已婚的) She got married to Mr. Brown 2 years ago.(与……结婚) 【考点②】 move…away搬离，fly away飞走，drive…away赶走 【考点③】 since then自从那时起，现在完成时的时间标志 考点6.They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废物排入河中。(教材第9页) 【知识讲解】 1) put 的常用短语（重点知识）: ①put on穿上，戴上，上演(戏剧)。 ②put out扑灭。 ③put up举起，搭建，张贴。 ④put away收拾好。 2) waste 此处用作不可数名词，意为“废料，废品” 可以和a连用,a waste of..“浪费....”。 考点7. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 realize the problem意识到问题 realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想 【考点②】 take action to improve the situation采取行动改善状况 take action to do采取行动做某事 考点8. Now the river is much cleaner.现在这条河干净多了。 【知识讲解】 much 可修饰比较级 在形容词比较级前可以使用:a little, a bit, even, a lot, a great deal, far 考点9. Well, in some ways it is.嗯，在某种程度上是这样的。(教材第9页) 【知识讲解】 in some ways 意为“在某种程度上，在某些方面”。 【拓展】 in many ways 从很多方面来说 in no way 绝不，无论如何都不、 by the way 顺便说一下 lose one’s way 迷路 in one’s way 挡住某人的路 on one’s way to 在某人去 ……的路上 考点10.Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.现在我时不时会觉得有点儿孤独。 【知识讲解】 1)辨析: lonely与alone lonely adj. 作表语或定语。 “孤单的”, 强调人内心的感受; “偏僻的”, 强 调地理位置 She lives in a lonely mountain village. alone adj./adv “单独, 独自” I never feel lonely when I am alone. The old man lives alone on the hill. （2）from time to time =sometimes=at times.有时 考点11. Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。 【知识讲解】 【考点①】 amazing changes令人惊讶地变化 amazing令人惊讶的，修饰物；amazed感到惊讶的、吃惊的，修饰人，be amazed at sth对某物感到惊讶；amaze使惊讶，amaze sb使某人惊讶/诧异 eg: The amazing story made us very amazed./The amazing story amazes us a lot. 【考点②】 take place发生，不及物，无被动语态 sth take place (+时间/地点) 某事发生 take place指非偶然性事件的“发生”，有某种原因或事先的安排；happen通常指未准备地发生或偶然发生。 sth happen to sb某人发生某事 eg: Our school sports meeting will take place next week. eg: What happened to your car? 考点12. Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen, Millie.米莉，告诉我更多有关你对陈先生的采访的内容。 【知识讲解】 interview 此处用作可数名词，意为“采访;访谈”，还可意为“会见”。have an interview with sb.意为“采访某人”。 考点13.it作形式主语的句型： It is + adjective + (of/ for…) + to… 做某事情对某人来说是… It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费…做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做… It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是（某人）做某事的时候了 It is said/ reported/… that… 据说/报道… It is / has been +时段+ since +从句(过去时) 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 考点14.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。 【考点讲解】 1) impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的”。impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。 英语中的否定前缀有un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-等 necessary— unnecessary friendly —unfriendly 以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。 correct—incorrect expensive—inexpensive 以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。 proper—improper polite—impolite 以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。 regular—irregular 有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词。 honest—dishonest (2)as..as... 意为.......”中间用形容词或副词原级。as..as.... 的否定形式是not as/so...as...,意为“不如....” 一、定义 现在完成时定义： （1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。 二、结构 肯定句 have/has+ done 过去分词 否定句 主语+have/has+not+ done +其他. 一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+ done +其他? 简略答语 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三、过去分词的规则变化 1. 大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed clean cleaned help helped 1. 以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d like liked live lived 1. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed try tried study studied 1. 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed. plan planned stop stopped 四、用法 【用法1】 表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响。这种用法常与already, just, yet, ever, never, times (次数) 等连用. e.g. Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has already cleaned the blackboard. 这句话所表示强调的结果是黑板现在是干净的。(他已经擦过黑板了)  现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语: * 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.　他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.　他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet.　他还没有回来。 * 以ever和never为标志　 This is the best film I have ever seen.　这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.　他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far（到目前为止）为标志 He has got to Beijing so far.　到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far.　到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 * 其他时间状语，如recently、over the past few years 注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. e.g. I have done my homework already. I haven’t done my homework yet. 【用法2】 表示过去的动作一直持续到现在甚至未来。时间状语: since, for 过去的时间点 since 1990, since last year 现在完成时+ since + 时间段+ago since three years ago 句子（一般过去时） since I went to school e.g. He has gone to Beijing since 3 years ago. 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 e.g. I have studied English for ten years. 五、注意 注意： 瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for /since连用。要改变动词 begin-----be on   borrow -----keep buy----have close -----be closed come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in die----be dead finish----be over go out----be out leave ----be away open----be open ★1、have代替buy 　　My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow 　　I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold 　　Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on 四、has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 1. have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. 2. have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. 3. have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 一、单项选择 1．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）The Wild Park ________ for several months. Let’s go there for a trip this weekend. A．has opened B．has been open C．opened D．opens 【答案】B 【详解】句意：野生公园已经开放了几个月。这个周末我们去那里旅行吧。 考查时态。根据“for several months”可知，时态为现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，所以B项符合。故选B。 2．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末）—Hello, Mr. Zhang. Can I speak to Mike please? —Sorry, Simon. But he ________ the library. A．has been to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你好，张先生。我可以和迈克通话吗？——对不起，西蒙。但是他去图书馆了。 考查时态辨析。has gone to去了某地（没回来）；has been to曾经去过（已回来）；根据“Sorry”可知，迈克去了图书馆还没回来，造成的影响是不能接电话，所以用现在完成时。故选B。 3．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Xuyi, a city in Jiangsu Province, ________ for its crayfish (龙虾) since 2000. A．is famous B．was famous C．will be famous D．has been famous 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自2000年以来，江苏省盱眙县一直以小龙虾闻名。 考查现在完成时。根据“since 2000”可知，句子的时态是现在完成时，谓语动词构成是have/has done，be famous for意为“以……而闻名”，固定词组。故选D。 4．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末）—French films are my cup of tea. Some of them are really wonderful. —Oh, what a pity! I ________ any of them. A．won’t watch B．am not watching C．was watching D．haven’t watched 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我喜欢法国电影。其中一些真的很棒。——哦，太遗憾了！我没有看过它们中的任何一个。 考查动词时态。根据“Oh, what a pity! I...any of them.”可知此处指到现在为止，从来没有看过任何一部法国电影，需使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选D。 5．（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）—Where is Mr. White, Martina? —He __________ Hong Kong. He will come back next week. A．goes to B．has been to C．is going to D．has gone to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——玛蒂娜，怀特先生在哪里？——他去了香港。他下周会回来。 考查现在完成时。goes to去；has been to曾经去过；is going to将要去；has gone to去了某地。根据“He will come back next week.”可知，此时怀特先生在香港，所以应用has gone to，表示去了某地，还没回来，故选D。 6．（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）Jenny can tell every street in Zhenjiang because she ________ this city for 22 years. A．was B．has been in C．has been to D．has gone to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Jenny可以分辨得出镇江的每一条街道，因为她已经在这个城市22年了。 考查现在完成时。was用来表示某人或某物即主语本身，用来表示某人或某物属于某一群体或有某种性质（ be的过去式 ）；has been in待在某个地方；has been to曾经到过；has gone to到某地去了。根据“for 22 years”可知句子采用现在完成时，排除A选项；根据“Jenny can tell every street in Zhenjiang”可知，她熟悉镇江的每一条街道，说明她在这个地方时间很久，谓语应用延续性动词，即用be in表示“在……”。故选B。 7．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Amy with her parents ________ the cinema to watch the film. —Oh, that’s why they are not at home now. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——艾米和她的父母去电影院看电影了。——哦，这就是他们现在不在家的原因。 考查动词短语和主谓一致。have/has gone to去了，还未回来；have/has been to去过，已回来。根据“that’s why they are not at home now.”可知，他们不在家，应是去电影院了；主语是Amy with her parents，助动词用has。故选A。 8．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）Though the great scientist __________ for three years, we will never forget the contribution he made. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：虽然这位伟大的科学家已经去世三年了，但是我们永远不会忘记他所作出的贡献。 考查延续性动词。根据“for three years”可知，句子时态用现在完成时have/has done，且动词要用延续性动词，die为短暂性动词，其延续性动词为be dead。故选C。 9．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）— Have you finished reading the book Oliver Twist? — Not yet. I ________ it for nearly a month I’m going to the library to renew it. A．have bought B．have borrowed C．have had D．have kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 你读完《雾都孤儿》这本书了吗？ —— 还没有。我已经借了将近一个月了，我打算去图书馆续借。 考查现在完成时延续性和非延续性动词。have bought买；have borrowed借；have had拥有；have kept保持，保留。根据后文“I’m going to the library to renew it.”可知，要去图书馆续借这本书，前一句描述的是这本书已经借过来将近一个月，空处应该填表示“持有，保留”的词，“for nearly a month ”是一段时间，需要和延续性动词连用。故填D。 10．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）— Hello! May I speak to Jack? —Sorry. He ________ to the library. A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你好！我可以和Jack说话吗？——抱歉。他去了图书馆。 考查现在完成时及have been to和have gone to的辨析。have been to+地点：去过某地已回来；have gone to+地点：去了某地还未回来。根据“May I speak to Jack”和“Sorry”可知Jack在过去某个时间去了图书馆还未回来，而造成的影响是现在不能接电话，所以应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选C。 11．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Let’s turn on the TV and enjoy watching the football match. —It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0, China won. A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——让我们打开电视观看足球比赛吧。——太晚了。球赛已经结束了半个小时，结果是1比0，中国队赢了。 考查现在完成时态。在现在完成时态中，当与一段时间状语连用时，谓语应用延续性动词，finish表示“完成”，begin表示“开始”，都是短暂性动词，则对应的延续性动词分别是be over和be on。根据题干中“And the result is 1-0, China won. ”可知，足球比赛已经结束了半个小时，则此处应用be over。故选D。 12．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—Where is Miss Smith, Tina? —She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left ten minutes ago. A．has been to B．has gone to C．is going to D．goes to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——史密斯小姐在哪里，蒂娜？——她去公司参加一个重要会议了。她十分钟前就走了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地（已经回来了）；has gone to去了某地（还没有回来）；is going to将会去；goes to去。根据“She left ten minutes ago”可知，Tina已经离开了，不在这里了，应用has gone to。故选B。 13．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·开学考试）—How long ________ they ________? —Sorry, I don’t know. But I know that Peter is going to ________ a nurse next week. A．did, marry; marry to B．did, get married; marry with C．have, got married; marry D．have, been married; marry 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他们结婚多久了？——对不起，我不知道。但是我知道皮特下个月将会娶一名护士。 考查动词时态。marry“结婚”，动词；marry sb表示“嫁/娶某人”；get married表示“结婚”。根据“How long”可知表示“多长时间”，常和现在完成时连用，且谓语动词应是延续性动词，marry是短暂性动词，其对应的持续性动词是be married；空二指“下个月皮特将要娶一名护士”，be going to do“打算做某事”。故选D。 14．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）How time flies! It has been ten years since I ________ him in Xuzhou. A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！自从我在徐州见到他以来，已经有十年了。 考查动词时态。根据英语语法，since前的主句为现在完成时，since后的从句用一般过去时，故选B。 15．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—Where is Miss Smith, Jenny? —She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left half an hour ago. A．has gone to B．has been to C．is going to D．goes to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——珍妮，史密斯小姐在哪里？——她去公司参加一个重要的会议。她半个小时前就离开了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地；has been to去过某地；is going to将要；goes to到……去。根据“She left half an hour ago.”可知，她半个小时前就离开了，说明此时人不在这里，应用have gone to表示“去了某地（人还没回来）”。故选A。 16．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）Jim, turn off the TV. It ________ for two hours. A．began B．has begun C．was on D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆，关掉电视。它已经开了两个小时。 考查现在完成时。根据“for two hours”可知，时态应为现在完成进行时（have/has done），且用延续性动词。begin是非延续性动词，be on是延续性动词。故选D。 17．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）—Hello! This is Daniel speaking. May I speak to Amy, please? —Sorry, but she ________ the city library. A．will go to B．was going to C．has gone to D．goes to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你好！我是丹尼尔。我可以和艾米说话吗？——对不起，她去市图书馆了。 考查现在完成时。will go to为一般将来时；was going to为过去将来时；has gone to为现在完成时；goes to为一般现在时。根据“May I speak to Amy, please?”以及答语“Sorry, but she…the city library.”可知，此处指Amy去图书馆了，还没有回来，表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。故选C。 18．（24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）In the past several years, I ________ several ways to deal with my insomnia(失眠) but none of them ________. A．tried; works B．have tried; succeeds C．tried; succeeds D．have tried; works 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我尝试了几种方法来解决我的失眠，但都没有奏效。 考查动词时态和动词辨析。根据“In the past several years”可知，第一空时态用现在完成时（have/has done），排除A、C；work奏效，起作用；succeed成功。根据“... several ways to deal with my insomnia (失眠) but none of them”可知，应是没有一种方法有效，故选D。 19．（24-25八年级上·江苏连云港·期中）This is not ________ useful book for me, but I will ________ it for a week because I don’t have time to return it. A．an; keep B．a; keep C．an; borrow D．a; borrow 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这对我来说不是一本有用的书，但是我将借一周，因为我没时间去还书。 考查冠词和动词辨析。a/an不定冠词，泛指物体、事物，用在可数名词或名词短语前，表示一个或一类；a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an用于元音音素开头的单词前；useful以辅音音素/juː/开头，需用不定冠词a修饰；keep保存，保留；borrow借入。根据语境可知，此处描述一本对我来说没有用的书，表示泛指，需用不定冠词a修饰；再由for a week可知，我会再保存它一个星期，需用keep。故选B。 【点睛】keep是一个延续性动词，可以接延续性的时间状语 for a week；而borrow是瞬时性动词，不能接延续性的时间状语。 20．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）—How long may I ________ your bike, Denial? —For two weeks. But you mustn’t ________ it to others, Amy. A．borrow; lend B．keep; lend C．keep; borrow D．lend; borrow 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——丹尼斯，你的自行车我可以借多久？——两周。艾米，但是你不能把它借给别人。 考查动词。borrow借入，是瞬间性动词；lend借出，是瞬间性动词；keep保留，是延续性动词。根据“How long”可知，与时间段连用，用延续性动词，因此第一空用keep。lend sth to sb“把某物借给某人”，因此第一空用lend，故选B。 二、单词拼写 21．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）I’m afraid we can’t finish the task, but thanks for your help (即使这样，尽管). 【答案】anyway 【详解】句意：恐怕我们不能完成任务，但是无论如何，感谢你的帮助。空处应是副词anyway“无论如何，即使这样”。故填anyway。 22．（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）Can you work out the time and money (精确地) before you start your work? 【答案】exactly 【详解】句意：你能在开始工作之前精确地算出时间和金钱吗？根据“Can you work out the time and money”可知，“精确地”exactly，此处为副词修饰动词。故填exactly。 23．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）My grandfather is over seventy years old and he enjoys talking about the (过去). 【答案】past 【详解】句意：我爷爷七十多岁了，他喜欢谈论过去。past“过去”，名词，前有定冠词the，past常用单数形式。故填past。 24．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Every year, about 6.5 million people lose their lives because of air (pollute). 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：每年，大约有650万人因空气污染而丧生。结合提示词和空前的air可知，此处指空气污染，air pollution意为“空气污染”，所以空格处应填不可数名词pollution“污染”。故填pollution。 25．（23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）All the villagers’ living (状况) have changed greatly in recent years. 【答案】conditions 【详解】句意：近年来，所有村民的生活条件都发生了很大变化。根据“have changed”可知，主语为复数名词短语，condition“状况”，其复数形式为conditions。故填conditions。 26．（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）I don’t know whether she is (结婚的) or not, you may ask her mother. 【答案】married 【详解】句意：我不知道她是否结婚，你可以问她妈妈。由所给的汉语提示可知，“结婚的”译成：married，形容词作表语。故填married。 27．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）I knew from past experience that further communication could help the (寂寞的) man. 【答案】lonely 【详解】句意：根据过去的经验，我知道进一步的交流可以帮助这个寂寞的人。根据汉语提示可知，空格处应用形容词lonely“寂寞的”作定语修饰名词man。故填lonely。 28．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）We should try to use as many methods as possible to control (控制) the (污染). 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：我们应该尝试用尽可能多的方法来控制污染。根据汉语提示及分析句子结构可知，空处需名词“污染”对应的英文pollution，为不可数名词，作动词control的宾语。故填pollution。 29．（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）The old couple feel ________ (孤独的) because their children are away. 【答案】lonely 【详解】句意：这对老夫妇感到孤独，因为他们的孩子们都不在身边。根据提示“孤独的”可知，空处应填形容词lonely作feel的表语。故填lonely。 30．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）Now Mo Yan is famous both at home and . (在国外) 【答案】abroad 【详解】句意：如今莫言已蜚声海内外。根据汉语“在国外”提示，应是副词abroad。故填abroad。 31．（22-23八年级下·江苏盐城·期末）DIY (确切) stands for “do-it-yourself”. 【答案】exactly 【详解】句意：DIY就是“自己动手做”的意思。exactly“确切地”，在句中修饰动词短语，故填exactly。 32．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期中）The Chinese government has done a lot to control water (pollute). 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：中国政府在控制水污染方面做了很多工作。根据“control water”可知，此处指“水污染”，所以填名词pollution。故填pollution。 33．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）The Internet has made (communicate) much easier. 【答案】communication 【详解】句意：互联网使交流变得容易多了。made“使”，make的过去式，及物动词。make+n.+adj.“使某人（某物）处于某种状态”，固定搭配。名词作make的宾语。故填communication。 34．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）We all think it (possible) for him to win the math competition because he isn’t good at math at all. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：我们都认为对他来说赢得数学比赛是不可能，因为他一点都不擅长数学。根据“because he isn’t good at math at all”可知，赢得数学比赛是不可能的。possible“可能的”，此处应填其反义词impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。 35．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）The noise made sleep , so Mike went outside to find out what happened. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：噪音使人无法入睡，所以迈克出去看看发生了什么事。结合“Mike went outside to find out what happened”和所给提示词可知，此处是指嗓音使入睡不可能，应将形容词possible变为impossible“不可能的”，形容词，在句中作宾语补足语。故填impossible。 36．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）She doesn’t feel like (communication) with anyone because of failure in the exam. 【答案】communicating 【详解】句意：因为考试失败，她不想和任何人沟通。“feel like doing sth.”表示“不想做某事”，因此此处应用“communicate”的动名词“communicating”，作宾语。故填communicating。 37．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）It was (possible) for me to get such great success without their support. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：没有他们的支持，我是不可能取得如此巨大的成功的。根据“without their support”可知，没有他们的支持，是不可能成功，impossible符合句意，故填impossible。 38．（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）—How do you keep in touch with Becky? —By email. The Internet makes (communicate) much easier. 【答案】communication 【详解】句意：——你怎么和贝基保持联系？——通过电子邮件。互联网使交流变得更加容易。根据“The Internet makes…much easier.”以及所给的词汇可知，此处应用名词communication，表示“沟通”。故填communication。 39．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）My uncle went to the (north) part of Africa to work as a volunteer last year. 【答案】northern 【详解】句意：我叔叔去年去非洲北部做志愿者。根据“My uncle went to the … part of Africa”可知，空处应使用形容词形式作定语，修饰名词“part”。northern“北方的”，形容词。故填northern。 40．（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）Tom and Linda (marry) for ten years, but they never argue with each other. 【答案】have been married 【详解】句意：汤姆和琳达已经结婚十年了，但他们从不争吵。根据“for ten years”可知，“for+一段时间”常与现在完成时连用，其结构是：have/has+动词过去分词；分析题干和提示词可知，此处表示“已婚”的状态，应用短语be married，be的过去分词是been，主语“Tom and Linda”表示复数，所以助动词应用have。故填have been married。 三、阅读理解 （23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Improvements in technology often happen overnight. Some gadgets get smaller and faster. Others are replaced (代替) by newer things like smartphones. Here are some old gadgets that people used to use. ① Do you have a landline at home? These are phones that people plug (插入) into their living room walls. Mobile phones didn’t use to be so popular at that time, so most families had a landline. But landlines only worked at home. What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone? They looked for a pay phone! Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines. ② People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks. The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful—each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better. But even the best ones could only hold 1.44 MB．You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage (储存空间) available on a 32 GB phone! ③ It’s easy to take photos today. People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to cost much, and people took fewer of them. To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film. This allowed you to take up to 30 photos. After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop. The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days. Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old. What do you think will be next to disappear (消失)? 41．What is the title of each paragraph? a. Goodbye Disks         b. Music to my Ears     c. Picture This d. Call Me         e. Film Development A．①—d; ②—b; ③—e B．①—d; ②—a; ③—c C．①—c; ②—a; ③—b D．①—c; ②—b; ③—e 42．What can we get from the passage? A．No homes had landlines now. B．Floppy disks could store much information. C．You could take 40 photos with a roll of film. D．The improvements in technology change people’s life. 43．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Changing Phones B．The Gadgets of Tomorrow C．The Gadgets We are Using D．The Tools We Used to Use 【答案】41．B 42．D 43．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们过去常用的旧工具。 41．最佳标题题。根据“Do you have a landline at home?”可知，①段介绍固定电话，是用来通话的，用“Call Me”做标题；根据“People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards. But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks.”可知，②段讲述以前用过的软盘，用“Goodbye Disks”做标题；根据“It’s easy to take photos today...To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film.”可知，③段介绍拍照工具，用“Picture This”做标题。故选B。 42．推理判断题。根据“Improvements in technology often happen overnight.”和“Technology changes all the time, and the gadgets we use today will one day be old.”可知，全文通过讲述过去和现在常用工具的对比，阐述科技的进步改变了人们的生活。故选D。 43．最佳标题题。根据“Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们过去常用的工具，D选项“我们过去使用的工具”符合文章内容。故选D。 四、完形填空 （23-24八年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）The Chinese high-speed railways have a quality (质量) all on its own. Tier 1 (一线) cities like Beijing have several hundred high-speed trains stopping at the 44 every day. China’s technology on building the railway is 45 the rest of the world. There is no 46 that any other country could be better than China in the near future. I had my first chance to ride the high-speed trains last week 47 I had a business meeting in Zhengzhou. As someone 48 with a disdain (偏见) for public transportation (not sure why the US hates it so much), I was afraid of the experience. I hoped to fly, but was told that it would be much better if I 49 the train. The train was 50 . I had traveled on a train before in the US and hated how slow it was and how many stops there were. Chinese high-speed trains are on a different 51 . The trains are clean and the seats are huge. You can’t even feel how fast the train is moving. If there were no windows, I wouldn’t be able to tell when we were 52 or when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smooth. I’m traveling again this week by train and I’m 53 . 44．A．city B．town C．village D．country 45．A．accepting B．leading C．following D．getting 46．A．instruction B．form C．sign D．action 47．A．though B．when C．if D．until 48．A．got up B．woke up C．gave up D．grew up 49．A．took B．left C．found D．produced 50．A．slow B．wide C．boring D．amazing 51．A．price B．level C．condition D．situation 52．A．flew B．ran C．went D．stopped 53．A．busy B．funny C．excited D．careful 【答案】 44．A 45．B 46．C 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．D 51．B 52．D 53．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者去郑州开个商务会议，乘坐了中国高铁的体会。 44．句意：像北京这样的一线城市每天都有几百列高速列车停靠在城市。 city城市；town城镇；village村庄；country国家。根据前面“like Beijing”，可知像北京这样的属于一线城市，故选A。 45．句意：中国在铁路建设方面的技术领先世界。 accepting接受；leading引导；following跟随；getting得到。根据“that any other country could be better than China in the near future”可知没有迹象表明，在不久的将来，任何其他国家都可能比中国更好，可见中国的铁路建设技术在世界上处于领先地位，故选B。 46．句意：没有迹象表明任何其他国家在不久的将来都能比中国好。 instruction指导；form表格；sign标志；action行动。根据“that any other country could be better than China in the near future”可知没有迹象表明，在不久的将来，任何其他国家都可能比中国更好，故选C。 47．句意：上周我在郑州开商务会议时，第一次有机会坐高铁。 though虽然；when当；if如果；until直到。根据“I had a business meeting in Zhengzhou.”可知是在上周郑州开商务会议时，我第一次有机会乘坐高铁，应该是when引导的时间状语从句，故选B。 48．句意：作为一个从小就对公共交通有偏见的人（不知道为什么美国如此讨厌它），我害怕这种经历。 got up起床；woke up醒来；gave up放弃；grew up生长。根据“with a disdain (偏见) for public transportation”可知是从小就对公共交通有偏见，动词短语 grow up with意为“伴随……成长”符合语境，故选D。 49．句意：我希望能乘飞机，但被告知如果我坐火车会好得多。 took乘，带去；left离开；found发现；produced生产。take the train“乘火车”，故选A。 50．句意：火车太棒了。 slow慢的；wide宽的；boring无聊的；amazing令人称奇。根据下文“The trains are clean and the seats are huge.”可知火车很干净，座位也很大，所以火车之行很令人称奇，故选D。 51．句意：中国的高速列车处于不同的水平。 price价格；level水平；condition情况；situation情况。根据“The trains are clean and the seats are huge.”可知火车很干净，座位也很大，中国的高铁是另一个水平，故选B。 52．句意：如果没有窗户，我就不能分辨我们什么时候停下来，又是什么时候以300公里/小时的速度旅行——这是那么平稳。 flew飞；ran跑；went走；stopped停止。根据“or when we were traveling at 300 km/h”可知高铁的运行非常平稳，如果没有窗户，我就不知道我们什么时候停止了，故选D。 53．句意：这周我又乘火车旅行了，我很兴奋。 busy忙碌的；funny有趣的；excited兴奋的；careful小心的。根据“I’m traveling again this week by train and I’m”以及上文的描述可知这次还要乘高铁，肯定很兴奋，故选C。 五、短文填空 （23-24八年级下·山东潍坊·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Mike Moore 54 (visit) China more than 20 times since his first visit in 1984. In his eyes, the change of means of transportation (交通方式) in Chinese cities could show that China 55 (develop) a lot so far. “My 56 (one) impression (印象) of China was: 57 (thousand) of people in blue or green uniforms (制服) on bikes in the cities. After about 15 years, many people rode motors (摩托车). Another five years later, you are able 58 (meet) more private cars in different colours,” he said. “Now you can see all kinds of cars in Chinese cities. They have no 59 (different) from other big cities in the world,” he went on. “From bikes to cars, you can feel that great changes 60 (take) place in China over the past few years,” Moore said. Moore described 61 (him) as a “China fan”. He said that Chinese people have now become more confident, happier and healthier than before, and the living environment in big cities 62 (improve) too. He believes that China will be one of 63 (strong) countries in the world in the future. And he’s looking forward to seeing that day. 【答案】 54．has visited 55．has developed 56．first 57．Thousands 58．to meet 59．difference 60．have taken 61．himself 62．has been improved 63．the strongest 【导语】本文主要讲述了Mike Moore自1984年首次访问中国以来，多次访问中国，并通过中国城市交通方式的变化，感受到中国的发展和人民生活的巨大变化。 54．句意：迈克·穆尔自1984年第一次访问以来，访问中国超过20次。根据“since his first visit in 1984.”可知，本句需要用现在完成时(have/has done)，来表示动作从过去持续到现在。主语是Mike Moore，使用助动词has，动词visit变成过去分词形式visited。故填has visited。 55．句意：他眼中，中国城市交通方式的变化表明中国已经取得了很大的发展。根据“so far.”可知，本句需要用现在完成时(have/has done)，主语是China，助动词用has。故填has developed。 56．句意：他对中国的第一印象是：城市里有成千上万穿着蓝色或绿色制服的人骑着自行车。根据“impression (印象) of China”可知，此处是指第一个印象，first“第一”。故填first。 57．句意：他对中国的第一印象是：城市里有成千上万穿着蓝色或绿色制服的人骑着自行车。thousands of“成千上万”。故填Thousands。 58．句意：再过五年，你可以看到更多不同颜色的私人轿车。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”，故填to meet。 59．句意：他们和世界上其他大城市没有什么不同。根据“have no”可知，空处需用名词形式，difference意为“不同”。故填difference。 60．句意：从自行车到汽车，你可以感觉到中国在过去几年里发生了巨大的变化。根据“over the past few years,”可知，本句需要用现在完成时(have/has done)，主语“great changes”是复数，助动词用have。故填have taken。 61．句意：穆尔自称为“中国迷”。根据“Moore described...(him) as”可知，此处表示自称，主语Moore与反身代词himself一致，用反身代词himself表示他自己。故填himself。 62．句意：大城市的生活环境也改善了。根据“Chinese people have now become more confident,”可知，本句是现在完成时，表示大城市的生活环境经过了改善，用现在完成时态表示这个动作的结果；且主语和动词之间是被动关系，需用have/has been done结构；主语是不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been improved。 63．句意：他相信中国将成为未来世界上最强大的国家之一。one of+the+最高级+名词复数表示“……中最……之一”。故填the strongest。 （23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）首字母填空 In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. The roads used to be n 64 and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 65 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 66 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. They often put the w 67 into the river. Water pollution was also a big problem. Nowadays, our living c 68 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can choose different t 69 of transport to go anywhere. The g 70 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 71 into big beautiful houses. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. The birds are singing h 72 . Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colorful flowers. Our country is becoming richer and s 73 . We are living a happy life. 【答案】 64．(n)arrow 65．(r)ubbish 66．(f)resh 67．(w)aste 68．(c)onditions 69．(t)ypes 70．(g)overnment 71．(m)oved 72．(h)appily 73．(s)tronger 【导语】本文从道路、交通、住房等几方面讲述家乡今昔的变化。过去道路狭窄、拥挤，房子又旧又小，到处是垃圾和水污染；现在道路宽阔整洁，人们出行方便，住在新房，蓝天白云，人们过着幸福的生活。 64． 句意：过去道路狭窄拥挤。该句中and连接相同词类的词，crowded为形容词，空格处也应为形容词。又根据首字母提示和“… and crowded. The houses were old and small”可知，此处描述过去道路的状况比较差，应用narrow表示“狭窄的”，符合语境。故填(n)arrow。 65．句意：到处都是垃圾。本段描述过去“肮乱差”的状况，根据首字母提示和“There was…everywhere”可知，此处指“垃圾无处不在”，应用不可数名词“rubbish垃圾”，符合语境。故填(r)ubbish。 66．句意：空气不够清新。根据“There was a paper factory near our school.”及上文提到“到处都是垃圾”的情况可推测，此处指“空气不够清新”。再结合首字母提示及“the air wasn’t … enough.”可知，此处缺形容词，应用“fresh新鲜的”。故填(f)resh。 67．句意：他们经常把废弃物排进河里。根据首字母提示及“put the … into …”可知，此处是指人们经常把“废弃物”排进河里，应用不可数名词“waste废弃物”。故填(w)aste。 68．句意：现在，我们的生活条件有了很大的改善。根据下文“The roads … transport … many tall buildings …”道路、交通、住房方面改善了很多，可推测此处是指“居住环境”得到了改善。结合首字母提示和“… have improved a lot”可知，此处缺名词复数形式，作主语，应用“conditions环境”。故填(c)onditions。 69．句意：我们可以选择不同的交通工具去任何地方。根据上文“It’s really easy for people to go out”人们出行方便可知，此处指“不同类型”的交通工具。结合首字母提示及“different …”可知，此处缺可数名词的复数形式，应用“types类型”。故填(t)ypes。 70．句意：政府还建造了许多高楼大厦。根据首字母提示及“… built many tall buildings”可知，此处指“政府”修建了高楼大厦，应用“government政府”。故填(g)overnment。 71．句意：我们大多数人都搬进了漂亮的大房子。根据“Most of us have … into big beautiful houses.”和首字母提示可知，此处指人们“搬进”新房里。该句为现在完成时，应用动词过去分词形式moved作谓语，“moved into搬进……”，符合语境。故填(m)oved。 72．句意：鸟儿在快乐地歌唱。根据首字母提示及上文“The sky is blue and the cloud is white”可知，此处指鸟儿“欢快地，高兴地”歌唱，应用副词“happily高兴地”。故填(h)appily。 73．句意：我们的国家正变得越来越富裕和强大。该句中and连接相同词类的词，richer为形容词的比较级，空格处也应为形容词比较级。全文描述了家乡的巨大变化，结合首字母提示和语境可知，此处应用形容词的比较级“stronger强大的”。故填(s)tronger。 六、书面表达 74．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）随着社会的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。进入初二，我们自己也在发生着改变。请你根据下表中的提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的看法。 Changes around us 1. going abroad 2. traveling online 3. using computers and mobile phones …… Changes of me 1. doing more reading 2. giving a helping hand 3. protecting the environment …… 注意： 1. 必须包括所有要点 ，可以适当发挥，使短文语言通顺，意思连贯； 2. 不少于 80词，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。 Great changes have taken place around us. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Great changes have taken place around us. With the development of the society, people like going abroad. A lot of people enjoy traveling in their spare time. Some people like traveling online. Also, people are fond of using computers and mobile phones. As for me, I like doing more reading, which can increase my knowledge and expand my horizons. I also like giving a helping hand and protecting the environment. Because they make the world a better place. In a word, our life is changing and becoming more and more beautiful and colorful. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏要点，可适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图，介绍我们身边的变化和自己的变化； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“旅游、电子设备”等方面介绍我们身边的变化，从“兴趣爱好、行为习惯”等方面介绍自己的变化； 第三步，书写结语，总结全文。 [亮点词汇] ①a lot of许多 ②be fond of喜欢 ③in a word总之 [高分句型] As for me, I like doing more reading, which can increase my knowledge and expand my horizons.（which引导的非限制性定语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$