精品解析：山东省济宁市邹城市第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

高二上学期12月质量检测 英语试题 （本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟） 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 What does the man prefer to drink ? A. Water. B. Coffee. C. Tea. 2 What was the weather like last Saturday ? A. Sunny. B. Rainy. C. Windy. 3 What is the man doing ? A. Reporting a problem. B. Making a purchase. C. Changing an order. 4 Where does the conversation take place ? A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a bank. 5 What does the woman want to do with the meeting ? A. Cancel it. B. Postpone it. C. Bring it forward. 第二节: 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、 B 、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6 What is the date today ? A. August 7th. B. August 8th. C. August 9th. 7 What will Amy do for the woman ' s birthday ? A. Make some dishes. B. Bake a cake. C. Hold a party. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8 What are the speakers talking about ? A. Busy schedules. B. A way to exercise. C. A health club. 9 What can we learn from the conversation ? A. The man needs professional clothes. B. The man will go to the health club. C. The woman has lost some weight. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10 What does the man dislike ? A Dancing to music. B. Attending parties. C. Seeing films. 11 What is the man’s father trying to do ? A. Repair the computer. B. Help the man with a project. C. Do research on their family history. 12 Where will the man go next year ? A. Brazil. B. Canada. C. Mexico. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13 What is the man’s opinion on public transport ? A. It is unreliable. B. It is convenient. C. It is quick. 14 What attracts the man most about the car ? A. The low cost. B. The freedom. C. The fast speed. 15 What worries the man when he goes to work by car ? A. The road is not straight. B. The traffic is always heavy. C. The parking spaces are limited. 16 Why doesn’t the man often travel around his country ? A. The cost is high. B. Planes are not safe. C. Trains are crowded. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17 What is the talk mainly about ? A. Unusual foods served in castles. B. The earliest castle cooks. C. Kitchens in castles. 18 What was special about a castle’s kitchen ? A. It was built against fire. B. It was used for gatherings. C. It was far from other buildings. 19 What does the speaker say about vegetables ? A.They were kept underground for long. B. They were grown in the kitchen’s garden. C.They were planted by the cooks in the castle. 20 What was the chief cook’s main responsibility ? A.Baking bread for everyone. B.Presenting the food to the king. C.Managing the kitchen workers. 第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 阅读理解 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. B A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know if she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved a new one arose. Her father, a cook, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He let them sit and boil, without saying a word. The daughter sucked her teeth and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a mug. Turning to her, he asked, “Darling, what do you see?” “Carrots, eggs, and coffee,” she replied. He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. She smiled, as she tasted its rich aroma. “What does it mean, father?” she humbly asked. He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water. “Which are you?” he asked his daughter. 4. Why did the daughter complain to her father? A. Because she found life was extremely cruel to her. B. Because she found that she was at a loss in her life. C. Because she was tired of fighting and struggling with others. D. Because she doubted if she’d make it to addressing the boredom in life. 5. What did the father take his daughter to the kitchen for? A. To boil three things for her. B. To explain to her what life is. C. To give her some inspiration. D. To carry out an experiment with her. 6. What can be inferred from the text? A. The father seemed to be in favor of the egg most. B. The carrot was likely to be the daughter’s favourite. C. The three things all stood the test of the boiling water. D. The ground coffee beans chose to affect their surroundings. 7. What’s the best title for the text? A. A vivid lesson B. A best choice C. A tough challenge D. A rough ride C When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car, known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention (介入) from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard, people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track. How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software driver really can be safer than a human being. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging (炫耀的) rights away? 8. Why does Clara-Marina Martinez note the unusual behaviour on the road? A. To market Porsche cars. B. To improve an AI technology. C. To learn to be a responsible driver. D. To enjoy riding in a self-driving car. 9. The problem with self-driving cars is that . A. they learn as slowly as human beings B. they operate for a very short period of time C. they have to be monitored by human drivers D. they need a long time to reach a certain safety level 10. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Employing simulators on a test track. B. Speeding the development of process. C. Figuring out the physical road dangers. D Separating the real world from the virtual world. 11. What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph? A The reliability of car software. B. The future of the sports car market. C. The driving skills of human beings. D. The quality of self-driving cars in the future. D Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险) companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration (沮丧) is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short term, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options. 12. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The advertising cost. B. The improved service. C. The familiarity principle. D. The principle of the market. 13. We can learn from paragraph 2 that . A. Our preferences affect our decisions B. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Disapproving. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Reserved. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Step Out of Your Familiarity Zone B. Spare a Thought for Your Preference C. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D. Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect 第二节 七选五 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Here’s the bad news: misunderstanding about masculinity (男子汉气概) is hurting males and making it hard for them to maintain friendships.____16____. They listen to each other. They read each other’s emotions. However, they tend to hide their true feelings in their late teenage because society expects them to be tough. ____17____. Don’t blame yourself. You are a product of a society that expects very particular things of masculinity. So stop blaming yourself. ____18____. If you accept your own desire for close relationship in your life, you will find the friendship. Get involved at tough moments. Boys sometimes are worried whether they might appear too curious about their friends’ private matters. ____19____. But if you get involved at such moments, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship. So take the opportunity to show them that they matter by following up. ____20____. Researchers say that the No.1 thing that helps children (especially boys) grow up to have enriching friendships is to be close with adult relatives who are not afraid to express their emotions. So, if you have expressive grownup relatives, try to be close to them. They can serve as role models for you to show your true feelings in a better way. A. Look at masculinity critically B. So here is what they should do C. Get close to expressive adults in your life D. You need to face something really disturbing E. Instead, focus on undoing hurtful and restricting belief systems F. It is especially true when their friends are sharing something tough G. The good news is that boys are born caring and loving, just as girls do 第三部分 语言运用 （共三节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） On September 25th, an 84-year-old citizen suddenly ___21___ , hurt his leg, and couldn't move. His dog named Gita then ran down to the main road where she ___22___ traffic to find someone for help. That someone was Deputy Wright, who was patrolling（巡逻）that particular area of Stevens County. Seeing neither house nor ___23___ , Wright got off to try and get Gita into his patrol car, but the dog wouldn't ___24___ . Visiting nearby residences, Wright couldn't ___25___ whose dog she was. “Sensing something ___26___ , Wright went back to the dog lying on the centerline, ” a statement from the Sheriff's office read. Wright tried to move the dog again, but this time she ___27___ up an unmarked and poorly traveled side road. “Wright ___28___ the dog, and it led him to a small summer house. He began ___29___ around the area and observed an elderly male lying on the ground calling for help near the house. The 84-year-old male, who also had other ____30____ conditions needing regular medicine, had fallen and injured his leg. He had lain there for hours and may have had serious ____31____, if he had not been found. ” “We ____32____ Gita for saving his life that day. The loyalty and ____33____ of our furry friends never ____34____ to amaze us, ” the office wrote. Second-cousin of the injured man, Pat Lolavera, praised Deputy. Wright for following his instincts（本能）, and Gita for her incredible intelligence and ____35____ . 21. A. left B. jumped C. fell D. stood 22. A. directed B. blocked C. relieved D. controlled 23. A. neighbour B. policeman C. trainer D. owner 24. A. move B. listen C. bark D. agree 25. A. explain B. identify C. acknowledge D. question 26. A. difficult B. inspiring C. wrong D. funny 27. A. sat back B. slipped out C. dragged behind D. took off 28. A. followed B. caught C. drove D. touched 29. A. shouting B. checking C. marking D. wandering 30. A. natural B. medical C. living D. financial 31. A. attitudes B. threats C. consequences D. warnings 32. A. credit B. believe C. forgive D. protect 33. A. curiosity B. heroism C. worry D. optimism 34. A. attempt B. manage C. begin D. fail 35. A. practice B. presence C. devotion D. trick 第二节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 36. She receives £80 a week, from which she must pay for all her living __________ (开销). （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 37. His report __________ (强调) some of the problems faced by old people in winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 38. No one could have __________ (预料) that disasters would happen. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 39. She was beginning to have dreams of her own and she would __________ (行进) to action. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 40. A good salesman must know all the __________ (诀窍) of the trade. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 41. Studies show a strong a__________ between sugar intake and heart disease. （根据首字母单词拼写） 42. You can s________ to the magazine for as little as 32$ a year. (根据首字母单词拼写) 43. Within hours of the news, Helen arrived to c__________ her heartbroken friend. （根据首字母单词拼写） 44. A__________ for teacher-training courses need to have at least one year’s experience. (根据首字母单词拼写) 45. During his stay in England, he had picked up an English a__________. (根据首字母单词拼写) 第三节 语法填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 46. He made it clear ____________ he preferred to study English. (用适当词填空) 47. They______(want) to help but couldn't get there in time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. As you can imagine, ____________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time can lead to very serious injuries to your skin. （所给词的适当形式填空） 49. A study ____________(involve) long-distance runners is being done at the Medical Center. （所给词的适当形式填空） 50. _____________(engage) in science research for 40 years, he has made great contributions to his motherland. （所给词的适当形式填空） 第四部分 写作 （共两节：满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作 (15分） 51. 假定你是李华，假期你去留学生Tom的家乡游玩时受到了他的热情款待。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示谢意； 2. 回忆难忘的瞬间。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks again and I’m looking forward to seeing you in China soon! Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写 (25分） 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Emma comes from a remote village surrounded by mountains. Unlike her trendy classmates in New York who are addicted to such high- tech things as smartphones and social media, she prefers knitting(编织). Emma’s love for the traditional skill is deeply influenced by her mother, who can create all kinds of beautiful things with a pair of simple needles. Whenever she is free, she will sit down and start knitting all kinds of things for her children and neighbors. Whether it is a mini bag or a scarf, each item is a unique gift full of love and warmth. And they are deeply loved by the receivers. Her mother’s passion for knitting and generous spirit of helping others have inspired Emma to follow in her footsteps and she has taken up knitting as a hobby, too. By the age of 14, Emma has become especially good at making scarves and gloves. With beauty and practicality, Emma’s hand- made gifts never fail to impress her friends as well as her relatives. Last week, the city was hit by a heavy snowstorm, which left many, particularly the homeless, in a desperate situation. As Emma made her way to school, she noticed a man shaking under the bridge near her school. It was a homeless man she often saw on the route. But today he looked particularly miserable(可怜的). His face was half- hidden under a piece of worn cloth that hardly served as protection against the cold. Touched by the sight, Emma approached the man and presented her scarf to the homeless man. “For me, Miss?” asked the man in surprise. “It is too expensive!” “Please don’t mind it. I have made it for myself and I can make another one in a few days!” Emma replied while she was wrapping the scarf around the poor man’s neck. “I hope it might keep you away from the terrible cold.” 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Instantly, the man’s eyes brightened and a big smile appeared on his face. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Emma shared the idea of setting up a knitting club with some of her “high- tech” classmates. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 ACABB 6-10AABCB 11-15CBABC 16-20ACCBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二上学期12月质量检测 英语试题 （本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟） 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 What does the man prefer to drink ? A. Water. B. Coffee. C. Tea. 2 What was the weather like last Saturday ? A. Sunny. B. Rainy. C. Windy. 3 What is the man doing ? A. Reporting a problem. B. Making a purchase. C. Changing an order. 4 Where does the conversation take place ? A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a bank. 5 What does the woman want to do with the meeting ? A. Cancel it. B. Postpone it. C. Bring it forward. 第二节: 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、 B 、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6 What is the date today ? A. August 7th. B. August 8th. C. August 9th. 7 What will Amy do for the woman ' s birthday ? A. Make some dishes. B. Bake a cake. C. Hold a party. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8 What are the speakers talking about ? A. Busy schedules. B. A way to exercise. C. A health club. 9 What can we learn from the conversation ? A. The man needs professional clothes. B. The man will go to the health club. C. The woman has lost some weight. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10 What does the man dislike ? A. Dancing to music. B. Attending parties. C. Seeing films. 11 What is the man’s father trying to do ? A. Repair the computer. B. Help the man with a project. C. Do research on their family history. 12 Where will the man go next year ? A. Brazil. B. Canada. C. Mexico. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13 What is the man’s opinion on public transport ? A. It is unreliable. B. It is convenient. C. It is quick. 14 What attracts the man most about the car ? A. The low cost. B. The freedom. C. The fast speed. 15 What worries the man when he goes to work by car ? A. The road is not straight. B. The traffic is always heavy. C. The parking spaces are limited. 16 Why doesn’t the man often travel around his country ? A. The cost is high. B. Planes are not safe. C. Trains are crowded. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17 What is the talk mainly about ? A. Unusual foods served in castles. B. The earliest castle cooks. C. Kitchens in castles. 18 What was special about a castle’s kitchen ? A. It was built against fire. B. It was used for gatherings. C. It was far from other buildings. 19 What does the speaker say about vegetables ? A.They were kept underground for long. B. They were grown in the kitchen’s garden. C.They were planted by the cooks in the castle. 20 What was the chief cook’s main responsibility ? A.Baking bread for everyone. B.Presenting the food to the king. C.Managing the kitchen workers. 第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 阅读理解 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。 B A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know if she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved a new one arose. Her father, a cook, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He let them sit and boil, without saying a word. The daughter sucked her teeth and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a mug. Turning to her, he asked, “Darling, what do you see?” “Carrots eggs, and coffee,” she replied. He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. She smiled, as she tasted its rich aroma. “What does it mean, father?” she humbly asked. He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water. “Which are you?” he asked his daughter. 4. Why did the daughter complain to her father? A. Because she found life was extremely cruel to her. B. Because she found that she was at a loss in her life. C. Because she was tired of fighting and struggling with others. D. Because she doubted if she’d make it to addressing the boredom in life. 5. What did the father take his daughter to the kitchen for? A. To boil three things for her. B. To explain to her what life is. C. To give her some inspiration. D. To carry out an experiment with her. 6. What can be inferred from the text? A. The father seemed to be in favor of the egg most. B. The carrot was likely to be the daughter’s favourite. C. The three things all stood the test of the boiling water. D. The ground coffee beans chose to affect their surroundings. 7. What’s the best title for the text? A. A vivid lesson B. A best choice C. A tough challenge D. A rough ride 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了一个女孩告诉爸爸她不知道生活如何成功，厌倦于努力，奋斗，想放弃，爸爸将她带到厨房，用胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know if she was going to make it and wanted to give up. (一个女儿向她父亲抱怨她的生活，说事情对她来说是多么的艰难。她不知道自己是否能成功，想要放弃。)”可知，女儿发现自己在生活中感到迷茫，所以向父亲抱怨。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened.(他解释说，他们每个人都面临着同样的逆境，沸腾的水，但每个物体的反应不同。胡萝卜长得结实、坚硬、毫不留情；但经过沸水的作用，它变得柔软而脆弱。那只蛋很脆弱;它那薄薄的外壳保护着它那液体的内部；但是经过沸水的浸泡，它的内部变得坚硬了。)”及第四段“The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.(然而，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的；当他们在沸水里之后，他们改变了水。)”和文章的最后一段““Which are you?” he asked his daughter.(你是哪一个?他问女儿。)”可知，爸爸将她带到厨房，用胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.(然而，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的；当他们在沸水里之后，他们改变了水。)”可知，咖啡豆改变了水，由此可知，磨碎的咖啡豆选择影响它们周围的环境。故选D。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第三段“He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened.(他解释说，他们每个人都面临着同样逆境，沸腾的水，但每个人的反应不同。胡萝卜长得结实、坚硬、毫不留情;但经过沸水的作用，它变得柔软而脆弱。那只蛋很脆弱;它那薄薄的外壳保护着它那液体的内部；但是经过沸水的浸泡，它的内部变得坚硬了。)”及第四段“The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.(然而，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的；当他们在沸水里之后，他们改变了水。)”可知，爸爸将她带到厨房，用胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做，给孩子上了生动的一课，所以题目“生动的一课”合乎题意。故选A。 C When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. Such a fully autonomous car, known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention (介入) from the driver, and deal with all situations on the road. But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being abandoned. Last year, for instance, Uber sold off its unit developing self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines” to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard, people are soft) so that the sensors in vehicles respond in the appropriate way. Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track. How quickly all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software driver really can be safer than a human being. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging (炫耀的) rights away? 8. Why does Clara-Marina Martinez note the unusual behaviour on the road? A. To market Porsche cars. B. To improve an AI technology. C. To learn to be a responsible driver. D. To enjoy riding in a self-driving car. 9. The problem with self-driving cars is that . A. they learn as slowly as human beings B. they operate for a very short period of time C. they have to be monitored by human drivers D. they need a long time to reach a certain safety level 10. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Employing simulators on a test track. B. Speeding the development of process. C. Figuring out the physical road dangers. D. Separating the real world from the virtual world. 11. What worries Porsche according to the last paragraph? A. The reliability of car software. B. The future of the sports car market. C. The driving skills of human beings. D. The quality of self-driving cars in the future. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering. (开车时，Clara-Marina Martinez会记下她在路上看到的任何异常行为。然后，她将这些输入到机器学习算法中，这是一种人工智能，她正在帮助保时捷工程集团开发这种算法。)”及第二段“Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself. (这些算法旨在产生一个足够可靠的系统，让汽车自动驾驶)”可知，Clara-Marina Martinez将开车时的异常输入到人工智能算法中，弥补人工智能算法的不足，使其更可靠。由此推知，Clara-Marina Martinez打算改进人工智能技术。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Autonomous vehicles are said to be not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not quick learners. The RAND Corporation calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, 100self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. (据说自动驾驶汽车不仅方便，而且可能更安全。然而，正如人们花时间学习如何安全驾驶一样，机器也是如此。机器不是快速学习者。兰德公司计算出，要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全20%的系统，100辆自动驾驶汽车必须一年365天，每天24小时运行)”可知，自动驾驶汽车需要长时间学习如何安全驾驶，即自动驾驶汽车需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。由此推知，自动驾驶汽车的问题是：需要很长时间才能达到一定的安全水平。故选D。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线处上句“Carmakers such as Porsche therefore speed up the development process using simulators (模拟器). These teach software about dangers rarely encountered in reality.(因此，保时捷等汽车制造商使用模拟器加快了开发过程。这些教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险)”以及“Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines”(马丁内斯博士和她的同事们使用了“游戏引擎”)”可知，“this”指代Martinez博士和她的同事用“游戏引擎”教会软件有关现实中很少遇到的危险。C项：Figuring out the physical road dangers.(能够识别道路危险)合乎题意。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is another question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging rights (炫耀的权利) away? (不过，从保时捷的角度来看，还有另一个问题。鉴于拥有跑车的大部分原因是为了让车主炫耀他们的驾驶技能，对于软件剥夺了那些炫耀的权利这一版本，市场会有多大？)”可知，买跑车的原因是为了炫技，但软件剥夺了车主炫技的权利。由此推知，保时捷公司担心跑车市场的未来。故选B。 D Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险) companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration (沮丧) is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short term, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options. 12. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The advertising cost. B. The improved service. C. The familiarity principle. D. The principle of the market. 13. We can learn from paragraph 2 that . A. Our preferences affect our decisions B. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Disapproving. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Reserved. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Step Out of Your Familiarity Zone B. Spare a Thought for Your Preference C. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D. Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险)companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone(慢慢扩大你的熟悉范围)”最能概括文章的主题。故选C。 第二节 七选五 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Here’s the bad news: misunderstanding about masculinity (男子汉气概) is hurting males and making it hard for them to maintain friendships.____16____. They listen to each other. They read each other’s emotions. However, they tend to hide their true feelings in their late teenage because society expects them to be tough. ____17____. Don’t blame yourself. You are a product of a society that expects very particular things of masculinity. So stop blaming yourself. ____18____. If you accept your own desire for close relationship in your life, you will find the friendship. Get involved at tough moments. Boys sometimes are worried whether they might appear too curious about their friends’ private matters. ____19____. But if you get involved at such moments, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship. So take the opportunity to show them that they matter by following up. ____20____. Researchers say that the No.1 thing that helps children (especially boys) grow up to have enriching friendships is to be close with adult relatives who are not afraid to express their emotions. So, if you have expressive grownup relatives, try to be close to them. They can serve as role models for you to show your true feelings in a better way. A. Look at masculinity critically B. So here is what they should do C. Get close to expressive adults in your life D. You need to face something really disturbing E. Instead, focus on undoing hurtful and restricting belief systems F. It is especially true when their friends are sharing something tough G. The good news is that boys are born caring and loving, just as girls do 【答案】16. G 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了男孩该如何突破“男子汉气概”的误区并勇于表达自己的真实情感。 【16题详解】 根据空前“Here’s the bad news: misunderstanding about masculinity(男子汉气概)is hurting males and making it hard for them to maintain friendships.(这里有个坏消息：对男子气概的误解正在伤害男性，使他们难以维持友谊。)”及空后“They listen to each other. They read each other’s emotions.(他们互相倾听。他们能读懂彼此的情绪。)”可知，空项应该会提到“好消息”，起承前启后的作用，故G项“好消息是，男孩和女孩一样，天生有爱心”符合语境，故选G项。 【17题详解】 空前“However, they tend to hide their true feelings in their late teenage because society expects them to be tough.(然而，在他们的青少年后期他们往往隐藏自己的真实感受，因为社会期望他们是坚强的。)”谈到因受传统观念的束缚，男孩懂事后倾向于掩饰自己的真实情感，由下文的段落首句可知，下文则谈到了他们到底该怎么做，故B项“因此，一下才是他们应该做的”正好起到了承上启下的作用。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据空前“You are a product of a society that expects very particular things of masculinity. So stop blaming yourself.(你是一个对男子气概有特殊要求的社会的产物。所以不要再责怪自己了。)”及空后“If you accept your own desire for close relationship in your life, you will find the friendship.(如果你在生活中接受自己对亲密关系的渴望，你就会找到友谊。)”可知，空项应该有一个转折，故E项“相反，专注于消除有害的和限制性的信仰体系”符合语境，说明男孩不要责怪自己，应该突破旧观念，接受自己，这样就会找到友谊。故选E项。 【19题详解】 根据本段的主题句“Get involved at tough moments.(在困难时刻参与进来。)”及空后“But if you get involved at such moments, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship.(但如果你在这样的时刻投入其中，你就会打开一扇门，让你们的关系得到各种各样的发展。)”中的关键词 tough 可以快速锁定F项“当他们的朋友正在分享艰难的事情时，尤其如此”。说明在朋友困难的时候参与期中，关系可以得到改善。故选F项。 【20题详解】 空处是段落标题。根据下文“Researchers say that the No.1 thing that helps children(especially boys)grow up to have enriching friendships is to be close with adult relatives who are not afraid to express their emotions. So, if you have expressive grownup relatives, try to be close to them. They can serve as role models for you to show your true feelings in a better way.(研究人员表示，帮助孩子（尤其是男孩）成长拥有丰富的友谊的首要因素是与不怕表达自己情感的成年亲属保持亲密关系。所以，如果你有善于表达的成年亲戚，试着和他们亲近。他们可以作为你的榜样，以更好的方式表达你的真实感受。)”可知，本段主要是鼓励男孩在成人中寻找合适的模仿对象，故C项“亲近那些善于表达真实感情的成年人”适合做这一段的主题句。故选C项。 第三部分 语言运用 （共三节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） On September 25th, an 84-year-old citizen suddenly ___21___ , hurt his leg, and couldn't move. His dog named Gita then ran down to the main road where she ___22___ traffic to find someone for help. That someone was Deputy Wright, who was patrolling（巡逻）that particular area of Stevens County. Seeing neither house nor ___23___ , Wright got off to try and get Gita into his patrol car, but the dog wouldn't ___24___ . Visiting nearby residences, Wright couldn't ___25___ whose dog she was. “Sensing something ___26___ , Wright went back to the dog lying on the centerline, ” a statement from the Sheriff's office read. Wright tried to move the dog again, but this time she ___27___ up an unmarked and poorly traveled side road. “Wright ___28___ the dog, and it led him to a small summer house. He began ___29___ around the area and observed an elderly male lying on the ground calling for help near the house. The 84-year-old male, who also had other ____30____ conditions needing regular medicine, had fallen and injured his leg. He had lain there for hours and may have had serious ____31____, if he had not been found. ” “We ____32____ Gita for saving his life that day. The loyalty and ____33____ of our furry friends never ____34____ to amaze us, ” the office wrote. Second-cousin of the injured man, Pat Lolavera, praised Deputy. Wright for following his instincts（本能）, and Gita for her incredible intelligence and ____35____ . 21. A. left B. jumped C. fell D. stood 22. A. directed B. blocked C. relieved D. controlled 23. A. neighbour B. policeman C. trainer D. owner 24. A. move B. listen C. bark D. agree 25. A. explain B. identify C. acknowledge D. question 26. A. difficult B. inspiring C. wrong D. funny 27. A. sat back B. slipped out C. dragged behind D. took off 28. A. followed B. caught C. drove D. touched 29. A. shouting B. checking C. marking D. wandering 30. A. natural B. medical C. living D. financial 31. A. attitudes B. threats C. consequences D. warnings 32. A. credit B. believe C. forgive D. protect 33. A. curiosity B. heroism C. worry D. optimism 34. A. attempt B. manage C. begin D. fail 35. A. practice B. presence C. devotion D. trick 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了84岁的老人在家中意外摔倒无法动弹，他的狗狗吉塔跑上主路拦下交通求救，引来警察赖特。在找到狗狗引领的小屋后，他们发现老人已经躺在那里呼唤救援几个小时了。赖特说，感谢吉塔和他一起救了老人的命。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月25日，一位84岁的老人突然跌倒，伤了腿，无法移动。A. left离开；B. jumped跳；C. fell摔倒；D. stood站立。根据下文“hurt his leg, and couldn't move”提到老人伤了腿，无法移动，由此可知，此处应表示一位84岁的老人突然跌倒，伤了腿，无法移动。故选C项。 22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的狗名叫吉塔，然后跑到主干道上，在那里她阻碍了交通，找人帮忙。A. directed指导；B. blocked挡住，封锁；C. relieved缓解；D. controlled控制。 根据上文“Gita then ran down to the main road”以及下文“to find someone for help”由此可知，此处应表示吉塔跑到主干道上，挡住了交通，寻求他人的帮助。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：既没有看到房子，也没有看到主人，赖特下车试图把吉塔拉上他的巡逻车，但这只狗就是不动。A. neighbour邻居；B. policeman警察；C. trainer教练员；D. owner主人。根据常识以及上文“Seeing neither house”由此可知，此处应表示赖特没有看到房子，也没有看到主人，决定下车试图把吉塔拉上他的巡逻车。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：既没有看到房子，也没有看到邻居，赖特下车试图把吉塔拉上他的巡逻车，但这只狗就是不动。A. move移动；B. listen听；C. bark吠叫；D. agree同意。根据下文“Wright tried to move the dog again”由此可知，此处应表示赖特下车试图把吉塔拉上他的巡逻车，但这只狗就是不动。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拜访了附近的居民，赖特无法确定她是谁的狗。A. explain解释；B. identify确认；C. acknowledge承认；D. question向……提出问题。根据下文“Wright went back to the dog lying on the centerline”提到赖特回到狗身边，由此可知，此处应表示赖特无法确定她是谁的狗。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：警长办公室的一份声明中写道：“赖特感觉不对劲，他回到了躺在中心线上的狗身边。”A. difficult困难的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. wrong错误的，不对劲的；D. funny有趣的。根据下文“Wright went back to the dog lying on the centerline”提到赖特回到狗身边，由此可知，此处应表示赖特感觉不对劲，他回到了躺在中心线上的狗身边。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：赖特试图再次移动狗，但这一次她跑开了，跑上了一条没有标志、人迹罕至的小路。A. sat back坐回去；B. slipped out溜出去；C. dragged behind拖在后面；D. took off离开。根据下文“up an unmarked and poorly traveled side road”由此可知，此处应表示这一次狗离开，跑上了一条没有标志、人迹罕至的小路。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：赖特跟着那只狗，它把他带到了一座避暑小屋。A. followed跟随；B. caught抓住；C. drove驾驶；D. touched触摸。根据下文“and it led him to a small summer house”由此可知，此处应表示赖特跟着那只狗，它把他带到了一座避暑小屋。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始检查四周，发现一名老年男性躺在房子附近的地上呼救。A. shouting大叫；B. checking检查；C. marking标记；D. wandering漫游。根据下文“and observed an elderly male lying on the ground”提到一名老年男性躺在房子附近的地上，由此可知，此处应表示赖特开始检查四周。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这名84岁的男子还患有其他需要定期服药的疾病，他摔倒并伤了腿。A. natural自然的；B. medical医疗的；C. living活着的；D. financial财务的。根据下文“needing regular medicine”由此可知，此处应表示这名84岁的男子还患有其他需要定期服药的疾病。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在那里躺了几个小时，如果没有被发现，可能会有严重后果。A. attitudes态度；B. threats威胁；C. consequences后果；D. warnings警告。根据上文“He had lain there for hours”以及下文“if he had not been found”由此可知，此处应表示如果没有被发现，可能会有严重的后果。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们感谢吉塔那天救了他的命。A. credit认为是……的功劳；B. believe相信；C. forgive原谅；D. protect保护。根据上文提到的如果没有被发现，可能会有严重的后果，以及下文“for saving his life that day”由此可知，此处应表示我们感谢吉塔那天救了他的命。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们毛茸茸的朋友们的忠诚和英雄主义总是让我们感到惊讶。A. curiosity好奇心；B. heroism英雄主义；C. worry担心；D. optimism乐观主义。根据上文提到的感谢吉塔那天救了他的命，以及“The loyalty”由此可知，此处应表示吉塔的忠诚和英雄主义让我们感到惊讶。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们毛茸茸的朋友们的忠诚和英雄主义总是让我们感到惊讶。A. attempt尝试；B. manage管理，设法；C. begin开始；D. fail失败。根据句意以及下文“amaze us”由此可知，此处应表示吉塔的忠诚和英雄主义总是让我们感到惊讶。never fail to do“总是”。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：赖特追随了他的直觉，而吉塔则有着惊人的智慧和忠诚精神。A. practice练习；B. presence呈现；C. devotion忠诚；D. trick技巧。根据句上文吉塔救主人人以及上文“Gita for her incredible intelligence”由此可知，此处应表示吉塔有着惊人的智慧和忠诚精神。故选C项。 第二节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 36. She receives £80 a week, from which she must pay for all her living __________ (开销). （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】expenses 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她每周收入80英镑，她必须用这些钱来支付所有的生活开销。根据句意及所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词expense，作宾语，可数名词，由空前的all可知，应用名词复数形式。故填expenses。 37. His report __________ (强调) some of the problems faced by old people in winter. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】highlights 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的报告强调老年人在冬天面临的一些问题。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词highlight，作谓语动词，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语为His report，为单数，动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填highlights。 38. No one could have __________ (预料) that disasters would happen. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】anticipated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：没人能预料到灾难会发生。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词anticipate，与主语是主谓关系，前有could have，应用过去分词。故填anticipated。 39. She was beginning to have dreams of her own and she would __________ (行进) to action. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】proceed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：她开始有了自己的梦想，并会采取行动。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用动词proceed作谓语，且空前有情态动词would，故此处应用动词原形，故填proceed。 40. A good salesman must know all the __________ (诀窍) of the trade. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】tricks 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个好销售员知道交易的所有诀窍。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词“trick诀窍”作宾语，且根据空前的all可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填tricks。 41. Studies show a strong a__________ between sugar intake and heart disease. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】association 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：研究表明，糖分摄入与心脏病之间存在强烈的联系。根据单词首字母 a 以及句意“联系”以及上文冠词a 和形容词strong ，可知应填名词association 单数形式作宾语。故填association。 42. You can s________ to the magazine for as little as 32$ a year. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】subscribe##ubscribe 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：你可以订阅这本杂志，每年只要32美元。根据句意及设空前can，空白处应填动词原形“订阅”，subscribe“订阅，订购”为不及物动词，subscribe to sth.，意为“订阅某物”，故填subscribe。 43. Within hours of the news, Helen arrived to c__________ her heartbroken friend. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】comfort##omfort 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：在得到消息的几小时内，Helen赶去安慰她受伤的朋友。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处意为“安慰”，故应用动词comfort，且根据空前to可知，此处为不定式to do，故填comfort。 44. A__________ for teacher-training courses need to have at least one year’s experience. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】Applicants##pplicants 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：申请教师培训课程的人必须有至少一年的工作经验。空处作主语，结合“for teacher-training courses”和首字母提示可推知，名词applicant“申请者”符合题意，且根据空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语或need为复数形式可知，applicant需用复数形式。故填Applicants。 45. During his stay in England, he had picked up an English a__________. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】accent##ccent 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：在他待在英国期间，他学到了一些英国口音。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处应用名词accent“口音”，作宾语。故填accent。 第三节 语法填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 46. He made it clear ____________ he preferred to study English. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他明确表示他更喜欢学英语。it为形式宾语，空处引导名词性从句作真正的宾语，宾语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 47. They______(want) to help but couldn't get there in time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had wanted 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们本来想帮忙的但是没能够及时到达那里。“想帮忙”发生在“没能够按时到达”之前。根据couldn't get 可知，“没到达”是发生在过去的动作。“想帮忙”是在此之前的想法，即：过去的过去。因此，该空应用过去完成时态。故填had wanted。 48. As you can imagine, ____________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time can lead to very serious injuries to your skin. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being exposed 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：正如你能想象的那样，暴露在阳光下太长时间会给你的皮肤带来严重的伤害。此处意为“暴露于”，表达为be exposed to，此处作主语，故应用动名词，故填being exposed。 49. A study ____________(involve) long-distance runners is being done at the Medical Center. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】involving 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医学中心正在进行一项涉及长跑运动员的研究。此处作定语，修饰study，study与involve之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填involving。 50. _____________(engage) in science research for 40 years, he has made great contributions to his motherland. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Engaged 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：参与科学研究40年，他已经为祖国做出了巨大的贡献。此处作状语，主语为he，与engage之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填Engaged。 第四部分 写作 （共两节：满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作 (15分） 51. 假定你是李华，假期你去留学生Tom的家乡游玩时受到了他的热情款待。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示谢意； 2. 回忆难忘的瞬间。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks again and I’m looking forward to seeing you in China soon! Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tom. I have just arrived home. Thank you very much for the hospitality I have received during my stay at your home! I’ll remember forever the time we spent together. I’m particularly impressed by the local dishes you prepared for me. Their flavors are still lingering in my mouth! I’m also grateful for your showing me around the town, which has given me a deeper insight into the local culture and history. It is your warmth and thoughtfulness that has made my travel such an unforgettable experience! Thanks again and I’m looking forward to seeing you in China soon! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生Tom写一封感谢信，感谢对方的热情款待。 【详解】1.词汇积累 永远：forever→ permanently 尤其：particularly → especially 对……感激的：be grateful for→ show gratitude to 体贴：thoughtfulness→ consideration 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：I’m particularly impressed by the local dishes you prepared for me. Their flavors are still lingering in my mouth! 拓展句：I’m particularly impressed by the local dishes you prepared for me, whose flavors are still lingering in my mouth! 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m also grateful for your showing me around the town, which has given me a deeper insight into the local culture and history.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】It is your warmth and thoughtfulness that has made my travel such an unforgettable experience!（运用了强调句型结构） 第二节 读后续写 (25分） 52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Emma comes from a remote village surrounded by mountains. Unlike her trendy classmates in New York who are addicted to such high- tech things as smartphones and social media, she prefers knitting(编织). Emma’s love for the traditional skill is deeply influenced by her mother, who can create all kinds of beautiful things with a pair of simple needles. Whenever she is free, she will sit down and start knitting all kinds of things for her children and neighbors. Whether it is a mini bag or a scarf, each item is a unique gift full of love and warmth. And they are deeply loved by the receivers. Her mother’s passion for knitting and generous spirit of helping others have inspired Emma to follow in her footsteps and she has taken up knitting as a hobby, too. By the age of 14, Emma has become especially good at making scarves and gloves. With beauty and practicality, Emma’s hand- made gifts never fail to impress her friends as well as her relatives. Last week, the city was hit by a heavy snowstorm, which left many, particularly the homeless, in a desperate situation. As Emma made her way to school, she noticed a man shaking under the bridge near her school. It was a homeless man she often saw on the route. But today he looked particularly miserable(可怜的). His face was half- hidden under a piece of worn cloth that hardly served as protection against the cold. Touched by the sight, Emma approached the man and presented her scarf to the homeless man. “For me, Miss?” asked the man in surprise. “It is too expensive!” “Please don’t mind it. I have made it for myself and I can make another one in a few days!” Emma replied while she was wrapping the scarf around the poor man’s neck. “I hope it might keep you away from the terrible cold.” 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Instantly, the man’s eyes brightened and a big smile appeared on his face. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Emma shared the idea of setting up a knitting club with some of her “high- tech” classmates. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Instantly, the man’s eyes brightened and a big smile appeared on his face. At that moment, Emma realized what she presented was not just a scarf but also a sign of love and hope. Inspired, she determined to bring that spark of hope to more homeless people. On her arrival at the school, an idea occurred to her. “Why not set up a knitting club to bring more warmth and hope to those in need?” she wondered. Emma shared the idea of setting up a knitting club with some of her “high- tech” classmates. At first, she was worried that they might laugh at her “low-tech” idea. To her amazement, they responded to her proposal enthusiastically. In a few days, the club was founded and more and more students joined them. Some of them started learning the traditional skill and others used social media to seek help online. By the end of winter, the club distributed more than two thousand hand-knitted items. Never did the kids realize the marriage of high- tech and low- tech could be so magic! 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Emma的故事，展现了她对编织这一传统技艺的热爱，以及她如何通过成立编织俱乐部来帮助无家可归者，传递温暖和希望。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“瞬间，男人的眼睛亮了起来，脸上露出了灿烂的微笑。”以及第二段首句内容“Emma与一些“高科技”同学分享了成立编织俱乐部的想法。”可知，第一段可描写看到男人的反应，Emma突然想到自己可以成立一个编制俱乐部来帮助更多的人。 ②由第二段首句内容“Emma与一些“高科技”同学分享了成立编织俱乐部的想法。”可知，第二段可描写出乎Emma意料的是同学们热情回应了她的建议，大家一起帮助了更多的人。 2.续写线索：充满感激之情——想要成立俱乐部——怕会被嘲笑——赞成提议——更多人加入——帮助更多需要帮助的人 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①决定做某事：determine to/decide to ②突然想到：occur to/hit ③使用：use/employ 情绪类 ①担忧的：worried/concerned ②惊讶：amazement/surprise 【点睛】【高分句型1】At that moment, Emma realized what she presented was not just a scarf but also a sign of love and hope.（运用了省略连接词that引导的宾语从句和what引导的主语从句） 【高分句型2】At first, she was worried that they might laugh at her “low-tech” idea.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 1-5 ACABB 6-10AABCB 11-15CBABC 16-20ACCBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$