专题05 as, which引导非限制性定语从句-【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题05 as, which引导非限制性定语从句 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 as, which引导非限制性定语从句的基本用法 考点二 仿写句式之非限制性定语从句 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 as, which引导非限制性定语从句的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.as的用法： ①在从句中通常做主语、宾语，代指整个主句的内容；      ②表示的意思是“正如，正像”； ③其引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后。 The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know. 正如我们所知到的，太平洋是最大的洋。 （as在从句中做know的宾语，代指整个主句。） As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. 众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。 （as在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。） 2.which的用法：  ①在从句中做主语或宾语，既可代指整个主句的内容，又可代指主句的一部分； ②表示的意思是“这，那”； ③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，不能位于主句之前。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太滑了，这引起了很多事故。 （which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。） Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. Tom突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。 （which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。） 注意：as有以下常见的，而which不具备的“固定表达”： as we all know = as is known to all 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as is expected 正如预料的那样 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样 as can be seen 看得出来 as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as has been said above / before 如上所述 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样 as is reported / said   正如报道 / 所说的那样 1.I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match. 2.Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful. 3.During my stay in America, I lived in university accommodation with other international students, allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds. 4.His opinion often conflicts with his parents, is often the case with teenagers. 5.Tom was late for class again, made his teacher angry. 6. is seen from the picture, a student is overloaded with piles of homework and endless afterschool training, making him breathless. 7.When lost in work,          he often is, he may forget all needed to be done. 8.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les. 9.During their first day,            is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 10.           is known to all, Chinese learning calls for a large amount of patience. 仿写句式之非限制性定语从句 【知识积累·练前热身】 在新高考卷中，写作两部分（应用文+读后续写）总共40分，分值将近占总分的三分之一。想要在写作部分不落后，使用复杂的句式是提高表达档次、增加语言亮点的主要途径之一，能够让我们的作文在众多作文中脱颖而出。而定语从句就是复杂句式中的重要一项。对于我们高一学生而言，使用定语从句有一定难度。但是，as和which引导的非限制性定语从句是更为简单的，且非常容易掌握。因此，在写作中巧妙地运用as和which引导的非限制性定语从句可为我们的作文“增光添彩”。 1．春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，它总是让我们想到家庭团聚。(remind…of…) 2．众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。(know) 3．我建议你提前了解一些唐朝的历史, 这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗。(in advance) 4．他的小说已经被改编成一部卡通片，这被普遍认为是一个经典之作。 5．我们的生活充满了起起落落，这是常有的事。 6．当今父母非常重视孩子的教育，这从长期来看，对他们的发展有好处。 7．正如你看到的，他是我们学校最勤奋的老师之一。 8．我能说一口流利的英语，这使我很容易与外国人交流。 9．你可以想象，独自照顾三个小孩并不轻松。 10．他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的老师很恼火。 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Less than 5.8 centimeters tall, it is a small humanoid robot, which looks and acts like a(n) ____1____. It got a record. According to the official regulations (规则), humanoid robots must be able to ____2____ their shoulders, elbows, knees and hips, and also be able to walk. ___3____ by a student named Chang, this one is less than half the size of the ____4____ humanoid robot, which was ____5____ by students from Hong Kong. Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology. He ____6____ crawling robots (爬行机器人). Crawling robots ____7____ look like humans. However, they can be used to examine ____8____ that are hard to get to. Chang has been interested in ____9____ since he was a child. He created his first humanoid robot when he was 10. He didn’t spend much time making them during high school, but he has returned to his _____10____ as he has gotten older. It took a few _____11_____ to get his robot right, and he worked hard to make it as small as he could. He _____12_____ a record with his third attempt while he was in the fourth year of his degree. He said he was very happy to have broken the _____13_____. Chang hopes to _____14____ with robots when he finishes ____15_____, but he’ll also keep making them at home as a hobby. 1. A. insect B. human C. dog D. addict 2. A. move B. turn C. wave D. raise 3. A. Influenced B. Picked C. Created D. Explored 4. A. formal B. usual C. official D. previous 5. A. damaged B. broken C. designed D. got 6. A. researches B. organises C. conducts D. searches 7. A. newly B. finally C. exactly D. hardly 8. A. places B. machines C. lifestyles D. campuses 9. A. maths B. robots C. sports D. champions 10. A. tradition B. request C. interest D. creativity 11. A. pens B. tips C. battles D. tries 12. A. made up B. applied for C. set out D. headed for 13. A. record B. habit C. promise D. rule 14. A. share B. compete C. work D. talk 15.A. homework B. challenges C. experiences D. university 二、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）? These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 11 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）. How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones? A. Their target users.        B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions.    D. Their complex design. 2. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Admit.                        B. Argue. C.Remember.                    D. Remark. 3. What can we say about Baby Boomers? A. They like smartphone games.              B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity. C. They keep using landline phones.    D. They are attached to their family. 4. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph? A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day. C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, __1__ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __2__ (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __3__ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __4__ last row. __5__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little __6__ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, __7__ made her feel like a star. “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” the new boy looked at the teacher __8__ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _9__ the boy would do. Then he took __10__ off, gave a big smile and said, “That’s cool.” 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Some time ago, most people would have found it hard to imagine a world where you could send a small picture to someone and it would be a good way to respond. But today, emojis (表情符号) are everywhere in communication, and many people think they are a new form of language. The first emojis were made in 1999 by a Japanese artist. He was working for a mobile network company. The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system. Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be a quick and easy way for people to communicate. At that time, people were already using “emoticons” in their conversations. These are simple faces made using characters on a keyboard. For example, a colon and a right parenthesis —:）— make a basic smiley face. The artist took this idea and made it better by creating 176 black-and-white pixel images to show things like emotions, weather, and food. This set of emojis is now part of the permanent (永久的) collection at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art. The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters. The word emoji is a combination of two Japanese words: e which means picture, and moji which means character. The artist said he never thought emojis would become so popular around the world. But they did— and it happened quickly. Other companies in Japan started using emojis too, and by the mid-2000s, international companies began including them in their systems. In2010, emojis were officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium, an organization that keeps text standards in software. This meant emojis could be used on any operating system. Today, the Unicode Consortium has approved (认可) over 1,700 emojis, showing different moods, animals, food, flags, and more. And just like any other language, emojis keep growing, with new ones added every year. 1. Why were the first emojis created? A. To replace emoticons. B. To create a new form of art. C. To compete with other companies. D. To promote a new mobile Internet system. 2. What inspired the artist to create emojis? A. Modern art and technology. B. International travel experiences. C. Popular movies and television shows. D. Weather symbols and Chinese characters. 3. When were emojis officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium? A. In 1999. B. In 2010. C. In 2015. D. In mid-2000s. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Story Of Emojis. B. The Way To Use Emojis. C. The History Of Emoticons. D. The Story About A Japanese Artist. 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Getting into exercise and sticking with it can be tough. Here are some easy tips to help you. Break it up Fitness experts now say that every bit of activity counts towards your weekly goals, as long as it’s intense (剧烈的) enough. You can take a 5-minute walk up the block, climb the stairs in your home a few times, or stand up from your desk and do a set of squats. ____1____ Increase slowly. Starting with a very busy and intense exercise routine can make you tired and more likely to get hurt. ____2____ You can do a short walk or light weights, and slowly increase the time and intensity over weeks or months. Using exercise apps or getting help from a personal trainer can guide you. ____3____ Activities like cleaning the house, doing yard work, dancing in your kitchen, and walking the dog can all count as exercise. These everyday activities help you stay active and fit. Schedule it Exercise is as important as any other activity. While short activities are good, you might want to do longer ones too. ____4____ Once you choose it, add it to your timetable as an unchanging meeting. Consider high-intensity interval training (HIIT) ____5____. HIIT includes small groups of intense exercise with breaks in between. It’s easy to stick with, takes less time, and can be done without equipment at home. A personal trainer can help you set up an HIIT workout. Besides, exercising with a friend can keep you interested, help you try new activities, and make you more consistent. Find a workout mate and get moving together! A. Do non-exercise exercise B. Find a time in your day that works C. Go to a personal trainer for advice D. Begin with what you are comfortable with E. This is great for beginners, even if you are not very active F. These short “exercise snacks” add up and have health benefits G. Do something challenging can be a great choice for those who like exercise 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 I had butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy (书法) classes in high school. I wondered what I was doing there and thought it wasn't _ 1 _(suit) for me. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best 2 (choose)of my life. I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then it was the first time that I 3 (try) my hand. I picked up the brush, using the correct gesture, dipped it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" 4 Chinese. Over the past five years, I have been expert in 5 (make) versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 6 connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画)by stroke,word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 7 (enjoy) my daily life. Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, 8 a way to remove myself from the worries of life. 9 (attract) by it, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy enables me to balance my busy schedule and live 10 (peaceful). 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2024年全国甲卷）Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages. C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction. 2. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 3. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. B （2024年全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 4. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 5. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 1? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 7. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 （2024年全国甲卷）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____1____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____2____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____3____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____4____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____5____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____6____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____9____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____10____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ____11____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____12____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____13____ — her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite ____15____ compared with hers. I am ____16____ that I did not need to ____17____ the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of ____18____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____19____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____20____. 1. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall 2. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now 3. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced 4. A. work B. school C. court D. press 5. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged 6. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework 7. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach 8. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea 9. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely 10. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical 11. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class 12. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue 13. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value 14. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms 15. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar 16. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful 17. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for 18. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication 19. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk 20. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 as, which引导非限制性定语从句 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 as, which引导非限制性定语从句的基本用法 考点二 仿写句式之非限制性定语从句 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 as, which引导非限制性定语从句的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.as的用法： ①在从句中通常做主语、宾语，代指整个主句的内容；      ②表示的意思是“正如，正像”； ③其引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后。 The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know. 正如我们所知到的，太平洋是最大的洋。 （as在从句中做know的宾语，代指整个主句。） As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. 众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。 （as在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。） 2.which的用法：  ①在从句中做主语或宾语，既可代指整个主句的内容，又可代指主句的一部分； ②表示的意思是“这，那”； ③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，不能位于主句之前。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太滑了，这引起了很多事故。 （which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。） Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. Tom突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。 （which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。） 注意：as有以下常见的，而which不具备的“固定表达”： as we all know = as is known to all 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as is expected 正如预料的那样 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样 as can be seen 看得出来 as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as has been said above / before 如上所述 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样 as is reported / said   正如报道 / 所说的那样 1.I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：我对篮球非常着迷，并且也很擅长它，这可能就是为什么我们在上一场比赛中输了我会如此生气的原因。 考查定语从句。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，且在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。   2.Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful. 【答案】as 【详解】句意：正如预测的那样，采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。 考查定语从句。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如……”，应使用关系代词as。故填as。 3.During my stay in America, I lived in university accommodation with other international students, allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds. 【答案】which     【详解】句意：在美国期间，我和其他国际学生一起住在大学宿舍，这让我可以接触到来自不同文化背景的人。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代前文I lived in university accommodation with other international students这个事实，引导词在从句中作主语，故使用which。故填which。 4.His opinion often conflicts with his parents, is often the case with teenagers. 【答案】as 【详解】句意：他的意见经常与父母发生冲突，这在青少年中是常有的事。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分，as is often the case“情况常常如此；这是常有的事”为固定句型。故填as。 5.Tom was late for class again, made his teacher angry. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：汤姆又上课迟到了，这让老师很生气。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是前半句Tom was late for class again，关系词在从句中作主语，因此使用which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。 6. is seen from the picture, a student is overloaded with piles of homework and endless afterschool training, making him breathless. 【答案】As 【详解】句意：从照片中可以看出，一名学生被成堆的家庭作业和无休止的放学后训练弄得喘不过气来。 考查非限制性定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如”，应使用关系代词as。位于句首首字母大写，故填As。     7.When lost in work,          he often is, he may forget all needed to be done. 【答案】as 【详解】句意：当他沉浸于工作中时，他可能会忘记所有需要做的事情，这种情况经常发生。 考查非限制性定语从句。“_________ he often is”为非限制性定语从句，设空处引导从句，在从句中作系动词is的表语，指代主句所说的情况，用关系代词as，故填as。     8.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】 which 【解析】句意： 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。 9.During their first day,            is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 【答案】as 【详解】句意：在他们的第一天，正如典型的温哥华一样，下雨了。 考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，应用as引导从句。故填as。     10.           is known to all, Chinese learning calls for a large amount of patience. 【答案】As 【详解】句意：众所周知，学习汉语需要很大的耐心。 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型as is known to all，表示“众所周知”，as指代整个主句，从句中作主语，故填As。 仿写句式之非限制性定语从句 【知识积累·练前热身】 在新高考卷中，写作两部分（应用文+读后续写）总共40分，分值将近占总分的三分之一。想要在写作部分不落后，使用复杂的句式是提高表达档次、增加语言亮点的主要途径之一，能够让我们的作文在众多作文中脱颖而出。而定语从句就是复杂句式中的重要一项。对于我们高一学生而言，使用定语从句有一定难度。但是，as和which引导的非限制性定语从句是更为简单的，且非常容易掌握。因此，在写作中巧妙地运用as和which引导的非限制性定语从句可为我们的作文“增光添彩”。 1．春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，它总是让我们想到家庭团聚。(remind…of…) 【答案】The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, which always reminds us of the family reunion. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。主句主语“春节”为the Spring Festival；表示“是……之一”短语为be one of；表示“中国最重要的传统节日”翻译为the most important traditional festivals in China；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“使……想起”短语为remind sb. of sth.，由副词always修饰；表示“家庭团聚”短语为the family reunion。为一般现在时。故翻译为The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, which always reminds us of the family reunion. 2．众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。(know) 【答案】As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。“众所周知”为as we all know 或 as is known to all，“地球围着太阳转”是表达客观真理，故该部分要用一般现在时，可表达为“ the earth moves round the sun”。故翻译为As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun. 3．我建议你提前了解一些唐朝的历史, 这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗。(in advance) 【答案】I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned. 【详解】考查动词和定语从句。句子陈述现在的情况用一般现在时，“建议某人做某事”可表达为advise sb. to do sth.，“了解一些唐朝的历史”为learn the history of the Tang Dynasty ，“提前”为in advance，作状语。“这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗”可处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“提前了解一些唐朝的历史”这件事，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句，“帮助某人做某事”为help sb do sth，“理解诗”为understand the poems，“将要学习的”为to be learned，为动词不定式的被动语态作后置定语。再结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为：I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned. 4．他的小说已经被改编成一部卡通片，这被普遍认为是一个经典之作。 【答案】His novel has been adapted into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. 【详解】考查固定搭配、定语从句、时态和语态。分析句子结构，本句的主句为逗号前的句子，逗号后的句子“这被普遍认为是一个经典之作”可翻译为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词“他的小说”（his novel），指物，且在从句中作主语，所以从句谓语应用单数，主句主语为“他的小说”，所以主句谓语也应用单数。“被改编成”可表示为be adapted into，为被动语态；“卡通片”可表示为cartoon film；“被普遍认为”可表示为be widely regarded as，为被动语态；“经典之作”可表示为classic。根据句中的“已经”可知，主句应用现在完成时。根据从句句意可知，这里陈述的是现实情况，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：His novel has been adapted into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. 5．我们的生活充满了起起落落，这是常有的事。 【答案】As is often the case, our life is full of ups and downs. 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“充满了”可用短语be fullof；表示“起起落落”短语为ups and downs；“这是常有的事”可用固定短语as is often the case。句子描述客观情况，为一般现在时。故翻译为As is often the case, our life is full of ups and downs. 6．当今父母非常重视孩子的教育，这从长期来看，对他们的发展有好处。 【答案】Nowadays parents attach great importance to the education of their children, which does good to their development over the long term. 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“当今”应用副词nowadays；主语为parents；表示“非常重视”短语为attach great importance to；表示“孩子的教育”短语为the education of their children；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“对他们的发展有好处”短语为do good to their development；表示“从长期来看”短语为in the long term。句子描述客观情况，为一般现在时。故翻译为Nowadays parents attach great importance to the education of their children, which does good to their development in the long term. 7．正如你看到的，他是我们学校最勤奋的老师之一。 【答案】He, as you can see, is one of the most hard-working teachers in our school. 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“正如你看到的” 可用as you can see；表示“勤奋的” 可用形容词hard-working；表示“是最……之一”短语为be one of the most + 名词（复数）；表示“我们学校” 可用in our school。句中没有明确的时间状语，可用一般现在时。故翻译为He, as you can see, is one of the most hard-working teachers in our school. 8．我能说一口流利的英语，这使我很容易与外国人交流。 【答案】I can speak English fluently, which makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners. 【详解】考查定语从句，时态，固定句型和主谓一致。“我能说一口流利的英语”是I can speak English fluently，“这使我很容易与外国人交流”用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句的内容，“使某人容易做某事”是make it easy for sb. to do，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，此处描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代前面整件事，因此make用第三人称单数，“与外国人交流”是communicate with foreigners，因此整句话翻译为“I can speak English fluently, which makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners”。故答案为I can speak English fluently, which makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners。 9．你可以想象，独自照顾三个小孩并不轻松。 【答案】As you can imagine, it is a tough task to take care of three children alone． 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“你可以想象” 可用as you can imagine；表示“三个小孩”可用短语take care of three children。表示“独自”可用alone。主句可以使用动名词作主语，也可以用it is + adj + (for sb) + to do sth。故翻译为As you can imagine, taking care of three children alone is not easy．或As you can imagine, it is not easy to take care of three children alone． 10．他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的老师很恼火。 【答案】He is always making the same mistake, which annoys his teacher. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。表示“他”应用代词he作主语，在定语从句中作主语；表示“总是犯同样的错误”应用动词短语make the same mistake，根据句意应用现在进行时is always making the same mistake；表示“这使他的老师很恼火”应用非限制性定语从句which annoys his teacher，其中which指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，当成名词的第三人称单数，根据句意，从句中的谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式annoys，名词his teacher在从句中作宾语。故翻译为：He is always making the same mistake, which annoys his teacher. 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Less than 5.8 centimeters tall, it is a small humanoid robot, which looks and acts like a(n) ____1____. It got a record. According to the official regulations (规则), humanoid robots must be able to ____2____ their shoulders, elbows, knees and hips, and also be able to walk. ___3____ by a student named Chang, this one is less than half the size of the ____4____ humanoid robot, which was ____5____ by students from Hong Kong. Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology. He ____6____ crawling robots (爬行机器人). Crawling robots ____7____ look like humans. However, they can be used to examine ____8____ that are hard to get to. Chang has been interested in ____9____ since he was a child. He created his first humanoid robot when he was 10. He didn’t spend much time making them during high school, but he has returned to his _____10____ as he has gotten older. It took a few _____11_____ to get his robot right, and he worked hard to make it as small as he could. He _____12_____ a record with his third attempt while he was in the fourth year of his degree. He said he was very happy to have broken the _____13_____. Chang hopes to _____14____ with robots when he finishes ____15_____, but he’ll also keep making them at home as a hobby. 1. A. insect B. human C. dog D. addict 2. A. move B. turn C. wave D. raise 3. A. Influenced B. Picked C. Created D. Explored 4. A. formal B. usual C. official D. previous 5. A. damaged B. broken C. designed D. got 6. A. researches B. organises C. conducts D. searches 7. A. newly B. finally C. exactly D. hardly 8. A. places B. machines C. lifestyles D. campuses 9. A. maths B. robots C. sports D. champions 10. A. tradition B. request C. interest D. creativity 11. A. pens B. tips C. battles D. tries 12. A. made up B. applied for C. set out D. headed for 13. A. record B. habit C. promise D. rule 14. A. share B. compete C. work D. talk 15.A. homework B. challenges C. experiences D. university 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位科学技术研究生创造了一个不到5.8厘米的小型人形机器人，打破了之前的记录，Chang从小就对机器人充满兴趣，并在大学期间继续追求这一爱好，希望未来能从事机器人相关工作。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它身高不到5.8厘米，是一个小型人形机器人，它的外表和行为都像人类。A. insect昆虫；B. human人类；C. dog狗；D. addict成瘾者。根据上文“it is a small humanoid robot”可知，这是一个小型人形机器人，因此外表和行为都像人类。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据官方规定，人形机器人必须能够移动它们的肩膀、肘部、膝盖和臀部，并且还能走路。A. move移动；B. turn转动；C. wave挥动；D. raise抬起。根据下文“their shoulders, elbows, knees and hips, and also be able to walk”可知，此处介绍人形机器人能实现的功能，应该是能够移动它们的肩膀、肘部、膝盖和臀部。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的，它的大小不到之前由香港学生设计的人形机器人的一半。A. Influenced影响；B. Picked挑选；C. Created创造；D. Explored探索。根据下文“It took a few ____11____ to get his robot right, and he worked hard to make it as small as he could.”可知，这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的，它的大小不到之前由香港学生设计的人形机器人的一半。A. formal正式的；B. usual通常的；C. official官方的；D. previous先前的。根据上文“It got a record.”可知，这款机器人创造了新的纪录，因此是和之前的人形机器人进行对比。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的，它的大小不到之前由香港学生设计的人形机器人的一半。A. damaged损坏；B. broken破坏；C. designed设计；D. got得到。根据上文“It got a record.”可知，此处在介绍获得新纪录的这款人形机器人的情况，应该是与由香港学生设计的人形机器人进行对比。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他研究爬行机器人。A. researches研究；B. organises组织；C. conducts进行；D. searches搜索。根据上文“Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology.”可知，Chang是一名科学技术专业的研究生，由此可知，他研究爬行机器人。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：爬行机器人几乎不像人类。A. newly新近地；B. finally最终；C. exactly确切地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“However, they can be used to examine ____8____ that are hard to get to.”可知，上下文有转折，下文介绍爬行机器人的专门用途，凸显其优势，由此推知，此处指爬行机器人几乎不像人类。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们可以用来检查难以到达的地方。A. places地方；B. machines机器；C. lifestyles生活方式；D. campuses校园。根据下文“that are hard to get to”可推知，爬行机器人可以用来检查难以到达的地方，从而发挥作用。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chang从小就对机器人感兴趣。A. maths数学；B. robots机器人；C. sports运动；D. champions冠军。根据下文“He created his first humanoid robot when he was 10.”可知，他在10岁时创造了他的第一个人形机器人，由此可推知，他从小就对机器人感兴趣。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在高中时并没有花太多时间制作它们，但随着年龄的增长，他又恢复了对它们的兴趣。A. tradition传统；B. request请求；C. interest兴趣；D. creativity创造力。根据上文“Chang has been interested in ____9____ since he was a child.”和“He didn’t spend much time making them during high school”可知，在经历高中阶段几乎停止该兴趣后，他又恢复了这个兴趣。故选C。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他试了几次才把他的机器人制作好，他努力把它做得尽可能小。A. pens钢笔；B. tips尖端；C. battles战斗；D. tries尝试。根据下文“He ____12____ a record with his third attempt while he was in the fourth year of his degree.”可知，为了做好这款机器人，他做了好几次尝试。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在大学四年级时，他用第三次的尝试申请了一项纪录。A. made up组成；B. applied for申请；C. set out出发；D. headed for前往。根据下文“a record with his third attempt”可推知，他是用第三次尝试的成果去申请一项纪录。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说他很高兴打破了纪录。A. record纪录；B. habit习惯；C. promise承诺；D. rule规则。根据上文“It got a record.”可知，他因打破了纪录而感到高兴。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Chang希望大学毕业后能和机器人一起工作，但他也会把在家制作机器人作为自己的爱好。A. share分享；B. compete竞争；C. work工作；D. talk谈话。根据上文介绍的他对制作机器人的强烈兴趣，以及“Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology.”可知，作为相关专业的学生他会希望和机器人一起工作。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chang希望大学毕业后能和机器人一起工作，但他也会把在家制作机器人作为自己的爱好。A. homework家庭作业；B. challenges挑战；C. experiences经历；D. university大学。根据上文“Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology.”可知，他目前是一名科学技术专业的研究生，由此可知，这个希望应该是基于大学毕业后的。故选D。 二、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）? These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 11 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）. How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones? A. Their target users.        B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions.    D. Their complex design. 2. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Admit.                        B. Argue. C.Remember.                    D. Remark. 3. What can we say about Baby Boomers? A. They like smartphone games.              B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity. C. They keep using landline phones.    D. They are attached to their family. 4. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph? A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day. C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light. 【答案】1. B    2. A    3. C    4. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 11 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有11%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, __1__ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __2__ (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __3__ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __4__ last row. __5__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little __6__ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, __7__ made her feel like a star. “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” the new boy looked at the teacher __8__ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _9__ the boy would do. Then he took __10__ off, gave a big smile and said, “That’s cool.” 【答案】1. wearing     2.had bought     3. pleased     4. the 5. If 6.harder 7.which 8. for  9.what 10. them   【解析】 1.考查现在分词。句意：一天，他突然出现在课堂上，戴着太阳镜。句中appeared是谓语动词，所以wear是非谓语动词，且动词wear和句子主语He之间是主动关系，是现在分词表伴随状态。故答案为wearing。 2.考查虚拟语气。句意：他走了进来，好像买下了这所学校似的。此处是as if引导的方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词buy与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时。故答案为had bought。 3.考查形容词作表语。句意：玛丽感到很高兴，因为房间里有许多空座位。空前的 felt是连系动词“觉得，感觉到”，后面用形容词作表语，动词please的过去分词pleased已转化为形容词“高兴的，满意的”。故答案为pleased。 4.考查定冠词。句意：但她很快意识到那不是她，可能是因为她坐在最后一排。in the last row“在最后一排”，此处用the表示“特指”。故答案为the。 5. 考查条件状语从句。句意：如果他以为坐在后排就能避开别人的注意，那他就错了。分析句子结构，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，且位于句子开头，首字母要大写。故答案为If。 6.考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能会让每个人都有点困难，因为这意味着他们必须转身，但这并没有阻止班上的孩子。even/much/a little/a lot/far/any/still/slightly等可放在比较级前修饰比较级，加强语气，此处a little修饰hard的比较级。故答案为harder。 7.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当然，每当他们回头看他的时候，他们都得看着玛丽，这让她觉得自己像个明星。此处是前面整个句子作先行词，用关系代词which替代前面所述全部内容，引导非限制性定语从句。切记：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故答案为which。 8.考查介词。句意：我跟你说话的时候喜欢看着你的眼睛。新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟，其他的学生都想知道这个男孩会做什么。空后a few seconds 是一段时间，前面用介词for，表动作持续时间。故答案为for。 9. 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我跟你说话的时候喜欢看着你的眼睛。新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟，其他的学生都想知道这个男孩会做什么。动词wondered后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句的谓语动词do后缺宾语，所填词要起双重作用，what符合句意，而that只起引导作用，不能在句中作成分。故答案为what。 10.考查人称代词宾格。句意：然后他把它们脱下来，露出一个大大的微笑，说:“那很酷。”此处用them替代指代glasses在句中作took __10__ off的宾语。故答案为them。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Some time ago, most people would have found it hard to imagine a world where you could send a small picture to someone and it would be a good way to respond. But today, emojis (表情符号) are everywhere in communication, and many people think they are a new form of language. The first emojis were made in 1999 by a Japanese artist. He was working for a mobile network company. The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system. Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be a quick and easy way for people to communicate. At that time, people were already using “emoticons” in their conversations. These are simple faces made using characters on a keyboard. For example, a colon and a right parenthesis —:）— make a basic smiley face. The artist took this idea and made it better by creating 176 black-and-white pixel images to show things like emotions, weather, and food. This set of emojis is now part of the permanent (永久的) collection at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art. The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters. The word emoji is a combination of two Japanese words: e which means picture, and moji which means character. The artist said he never thought emojis would become so popular around the world. But they did— and it happened quickly. Other companies in Japan started using emojis too, and by the mid-2000s, international companies began including them in their systems. In2010, emojis were officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium, an organization that keeps text standards in software. This meant emojis could be used on any operating system. Today, the Unicode Consortium has approved (认可) over 1,700 emojis, showing different moods, animals, food, flags, and more. And just like any other language, emojis keep growing, with new ones added every year. 1. Why were the first emojis created? A. To replace emoticons. B. To create a new form of art. C. To compete with other companies. D. To promote a new mobile Internet system. 2. What inspired the artist to create emojis? A. Modern art and technology. B. International travel experiences. C. Popular movies and television shows. D. Weather symbols and Chinese characters. 3. When were emojis officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium? A. In 1999. B. In 2010. C. In 2015. D. In mid-2000s. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Story Of Emojis. B. The Way To Use Emojis. C. The History Of Emoticons. D. The Story About A Japanese Artist. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了表情符号的起源、发展以及现状，说明了表情符号已经成为了一种新的语言形式，并且在全球范围内得到了广泛的应用和认可。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched their mobile Internet system.(公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。)”可知，第一个表情符号的创建是为了推广一种新的移动互联网系统。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters.(这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。)”可知，激发了艺术家创作表情符号的灵感的是天气符号和汉字。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“In 2010, emojis were officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium.(2010年，表情符号被Unicode联盟正式认可。)”可知，表情符号被Unicode联盟正式认可的时间是2010年。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了表情符号（emojis）的起源、发展以及现状。文章从表情符号的初次出现，到其被广泛接受和应用，再到如今成为沟通中不可或缺的一部分，详细描绘了表情符号的“成长历程”。由此可知，选项A“表情符号的故事”是最好的标题。故选A。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Getting into exercise and sticking with it can be tough. Here are some easy tips to help you. Break it up Fitness experts now say that every bit of activity counts towards your weekly goals, as long as it’s intense (剧烈的) enough. You can take a 5-minute walk up the block, climb the stairs in your home a few times, or stand up from your desk and do a set of squats. ____1____ Increase slowly. Starting with a very busy and intense exercise routine can make you tired and more likely to get hurt. ____2____ You can do a short walk or light weights, and slowly increase the time and intensity over weeks or months. Using exercise apps or getting help from a personal trainer can guide you. ____3____ Activities like cleaning the house, doing yard work, dancing in your kitchen, and walking the dog can all count as exercise. These everyday activities help you stay active and fit. Schedule it Exercise is as important as any other activity. While short activities are good, you might want to do longer ones too. ____4____ Once you choose it, add it to your timetable as an unchanging meeting. Consider high-intensity interval training (HIIT) ____5____. HIIT includes small groups of intense exercise with breaks in between. It’s easy to stick with, takes less time, and can be done without equipment at home. A personal trainer can help you set up an HIIT workout. Besides, exercising with a friend can keep you interested, help you try new activities, and make you more consistent. Find a workout mate and get moving together! A. Do non-exercise exercise B. Find a time in your day that works C. Go to a personal trainer for advice D. Begin with what you are comfortable with E. This is great for beginners, even if you are not very active F. These short “exercise snacks” add up and have health benefits G. Do something challenging can be a great choice for those who like exercise 【答案】1. F 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何开始并坚持锻炼的几条小贴士。 【1题详解】 根据本段的主题句“Break it up (分散运动)”可知，本段建议可以将运动分解成多个小部分进行，而不是一次性完成长时间的锻炼，结合空前的“You can take a 5-minute walk up the block, climb the stairs in your home a few times, or stand up from your desk and do a set of squats. (你可以沿着街区走5分钟，在家里爬几次楼梯，或者从办公桌上站起来做一组深蹲。)”可知，这些锻炼方式都是短时间的活动，F选项“These short “exercise snacks” add up and have health benefits (这些短时间的“零食式锻炼”累积起来对健康有好处。)”中的These short “exercise snacks”指的是空前列举的“沿街区走5分钟，爬几次楼梯，或者深蹲练习”，且对本段进行了总结。故选F项。 【2题详解】 根据空前的“Starting with a very busy and intense exercise routine can make you tired and more likely to get hurt. (从一个非常繁忙和激烈的日常锻炼开始会让你感到疲劳，更容易受伤。)”可知，一开始就进行强烈的运动可能会受伤，结合空后的“You can do a short walk or light weights, and slowly increase the time and intensity over weeks or months. Using exercise apps or getting help from a personal trainer can guide you. (你可以做短距离的散步或轻量运动，在几周或几个月内慢慢增加时间和强度。使用锻炼应用程序或向私人教练寻求帮助可以指导你。)”可知，此处建议从比较简短和运动强度较小的运动开始，D选项“Begin with what you are comfortable with (从你感到舒适的地方开始。)”针对空前的内容提出建议，并引出空后列举的几个逐步增加训练强度的例子，符合语境。故选D项。 【3题详解】 分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句均为祈使句可知，此处应为祈使句，结合空后的“Activities like cleaning the house, doing yard work, dancing in your kitchen, and walking the dog can all count as exercise. (打扫房子、在院子里干活、在厨房跳舞、遛狗等活动都可以算作锻炼。)”可知，此处鼓励人们通过日常生活中的活动来训练，A项“Do non-exercise exercise (做非运动形式的锻炼)”为祈使句，且讲述的内容与本段内容吻合，符合语境。故选A项。 【4题详解】 根据本段的主题句“Schedule it (安排时间)”可知，这一段的重点在于安排固定的锻炼时间，并将其视为重要的日程安排，结合空前的“While short activities are good, you might want to do longer ones too. (虽然短时间的活动是好的，但你可能也想做一些长时间的活动。)”以及空后的“Once you choose it, add it to your timetable as an unchanging meeting. (一旦你选择了它，把它作为一个不变的会议添加到你的时间表中。)”可知，此处讲述的内容都与安排运动时间相关，B选项“Find a time in your day that works (找到一天中适合的时间段)”与本段主题一致，且与空前空后的内容吻合，符合语境。故选B项。 【5题详解】 根据本段的主题句“Consider high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (考虑高强度间歇训练)”可知，本段主要介绍了高强度间歇训练，结合空后的“HIIT includes small groups of intense exercise with breaks in between. It’s easy to stick with, takes less time, and can be done without equipment at home. (HIIT包括小组合的高强度锻炼与间隔休息。它易于坚持，花费时间少，并且可以在家中无需设备完成。)”可知，这种高强度间歇训练易于坚持，花费时间少，在家中无设备的情况下完成，这样的运动类型更适合初学者，E选项“This is great for beginners, even if you are not very active (这对初学者来说是很好的，即使你不是很活跃)”讲述的内容承接段落的主题句，且引出空后讲述HIIT的特点，符合语境。故选E项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 I had butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy (书法) classes in high school. I wondered what I was doing there and thought it wasn't _ 1 _(suit) for me. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best 2 (choose)of my life. I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then it was the first time that I 3 (try) my hand. I picked up the brush, using the correct gesture, dipped it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" 4 Chinese. Over the past five years, I have been expert in 5 (make) versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 6 connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画)by stroke,word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 7 (enjoy) my daily life. Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, 8 a way to remove myself from the worries of life. 9 (attract) by it, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy enables me to balance my busy schedule and live 10 (peaceful). 【答案】1. suitable 2.choices     3. had tried     4. in 5. making 6.which 7.to enjoy 8.but  9.Attracted 10. peacefully   【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者学习书法的经历及书法对自己的影响。 1.考查形容词。句意：我想知道我在那里做什么，觉得那里不适合我。分析句子成分可知，设空处作表语，所以应用形容词，be suitable for为固定短语，意为“适合于……”。 2.考查名词复数。句意：在那一刻，我不可能知道我刚刚做出了人生中最好的选择之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应用名词复数。故填choices。 3.考查动词时态。句意：然后，我第一次一试身手。It was the first time that sb.had done sth.意为“某人第一次做某事”。设空处应用过去完成时。故填had tried。 4.考查介词。句意：我用正确的手势拿起毛笔，蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写了“一”。in Chinese 为固定搭配，意为“用中文”，故填in。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的五年里，我一直擅长临摹著名诗句。be expert in为固定短语，意为“擅长于……”，介词in后须跟动词-ing形式作宾语。故填making 6.考查定语从句。句意：书法就像一座桥梁，把我和几个世纪前的作者联系在一起。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在句中作主语，修饰先行词a bridge，指物，应用关系代词which引导.故填which。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：一笔一画,一字一句中，我能感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会享受我的日常生活。learn to do sth.为固定短语，意为“学会做某事”。故填toenjoy。 8.考查连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让我自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。“不是……而是……”可用固定短语“not（just)...but...”。故填but。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意：被它（书法)吸引着，我可以写一整天。分析句子成分可知，设空处应用非谓语在句中作状语，attracl与其逻辑主语【之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Attracted。 10.考查副词。句意：书法让我能够平衡我繁忙的日程，让我的生活平静。修饰动词live 应用副词。故填peacefully。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2024年全国甲卷）Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages. C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction. 2. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 3. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动，并且邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making' activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 — 1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。 B （2024年全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 4. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 5. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 1? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 7. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,  (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 （2024年全国甲卷）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____1____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____2____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____1____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____4____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____5____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____6____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____9____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____10____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ____11____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____12____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____11____ — her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite ____15____ compared with hers. I am ____16____ that I did not need to ____17____ the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of ____18____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____19____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____20____. 1. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall 2. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now 3. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced 4. A. work B. school C. court D. press 5. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged 6. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework 7. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach 8. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea 9. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely 10. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical 11. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class 12. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue 13. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value 14. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms 15. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar 16. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful 17. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for 18. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication 19. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk 20. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客厅；B. kitchen厨房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way顺便说一句；C. For example例如；D. Here and now此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted调整；B. promoted促进；C. achieved完成；D. experienced经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work工作；B. school学校；C. court法院；D. press出版社。根据下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored赞成；B. tolerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknowledged承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening园艺；B. homework家庭作业；C. business商务；D.housework家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise锻炼；B. study学习；C. explore探索；D. teach教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons课程；D. tea茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely仔细地、紧密地；B. directly直接地；C. nervously紧张地；D. freely自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional专业的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market市场；B. mountain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view视野；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire钦佩；B. notice注意到；C.adopt采纳；D. value重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开眼睛，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根据上文“There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their 12 while they watched all action going on around them. ”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开眼睛在水底坐着。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult困难的；B. complex复杂的；C. happy快乐的；D. similar相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. convinced深信不疑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite 15 compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon思考；B. go through经历；C. ask about询问；D. prepare for准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment失业；B. health健康；C. education教育；D. communication沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend出席；B. refer参考；C. lead领导；D. talk对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true成真；B. come round苏醒；C. come out出现；D. come alive变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$