专题03 考点拓展3& 非谓语动词&写作指导（节日介绍）-【寒假】2025年九年级英语寒假学习讲义（外研版）

专题03 考点拓展3& 非谓语动词&写作指导（节日介绍） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 5 四．写作考点 13 五．阅读拓展 16 一．词汇拓展 1.power n．权力；力量→________(形容词) 2．lend v．(把某物)借出，借给(某人)→________(过去式/过去分词) 3．properly adv.合适地；正确地→________ adj.合适的；恰当的 4．printing n．印刷→________ v．印刷→________ n．印刷工人；打印机 5．development n．发展；进步→________ v．发展；壮大→________ adj.发展中的 6．trade n．买卖；交易→________ n．商人 7．spread v．扩展；蔓延；传播→________(过去式/过去分词) 8．single adj.仅一个的；单个的→________ adj.(成)双的；两个…… 9．sheep n．羊；绵羊→________ (复数) 10．brush v．(用刷子)刷→________(第三人称单数) 11．kangaroo n．袋鼠→________(复数) 12．lazy adj.懒惰的；懒散的→________(比较级)→________(最高级)→________ n．懒惰 13．wool n．羊毛→________ adj.羊毛的 14．ride v．骑马，乘车→________ n．骑马(运动) 15．fly n．苍蝇→________(复数) 16.general adj.整体的；普遍的→________ adv.一般来说；普遍地 17．recently adv.最近；近来→________ adj.最近的；近来的 18．factory n．制造厂；工厂→________(复数) 19．pollute v．污染→________ n．污染→________ adj.被污染的 20．recycling n．回收利用→________ v．回收利用，再使用(废品) 21．enemy n．敌人；仇人→________(复数) 22．repeat v．重说；重新做→________(过去式/过去分词) 23．grandson n．(外)孙子→________(对应词)n.(外)孙女 二．考点拓展 考点1 deal的用法 No deal, Tony. 这不行，托尼。 1．—I don't know how to ______ the old books. —Why don't you give them away to the kids in poor areas? A．put on B．deal with C．hand out D．take up 考点2 instead与instead of的辨析 If you do all these other things instead of your homework, you won't have time to study. 如果你做所有这些事而不是做家庭作业，你就没时间学习了。 词（组） 词性 含义与用法 instead 副词 “代替；反而；却”，修饰整个句子，位于句首或句末 instead of 介词短语 “代替;而不是”，后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式 用instead或instead of填空。 ① She'd made promises of all the important things. She could not understand why the students voted for Michael ____________ her. ② However, she didn't buy the toy with the money she made. ________, Helen decided to buy business cards... 考点3 consider的用法 You should consider what the most important things is.你应当考虑最重要的事情是什么。 1．Known as the fifth invention of ancient China, Chinese abacus is also ______ as the earliest computer. A．cost B．caught C．covered D．considered 2．Sometimes in order to fit it in, I have to change my schedule. But I have never considered ________（give） it up. 考点4 suppose的用法 He was important, but I suppose he isn't as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare. 他很重要，但是我认为他不如孔子和莎士比亚有名。 1．Maria greeted Paul's mom the wrong way at the party last night. She was __________（suppose）to shake hands. 2．Students are not supposed________（play）football in the classroom. 3．My parents always suppose me______（be） a good student and expect me to get good grades. 考点5 pity的用法 It is a pity that his foot problem stopped him from completing the 2012 London Olympic Games. 遗憾的是，他的脚伤使他无法完成2012年伦敦奥运会的比赛。 1．It's ______ pity that he won't attend my birthday party this coming Saturday. 2．She had pity __ him and gave him some food to eat. 3．It is a pity__________（waste） so much food. 考点6 alive、living live和lively的辨析 Everyone is surprised to see them at first, but very pleased to find that they were alive. 刚开始，大家看见他们还感到惊讶，但是发现他们还活着，大家都很开心。 词汇 用法 alive 意为“活着；有生气的”，作表语或后置定语，侧重指生与死的“界限” living 意为“活的；活生生的”，作表语或前置定语，可修饰人或物，有时可与alive互换 live 意为“实况转播的；活的”，只作定语，主要用于修饰动植物 lively 意为“生气勃勃的；（颜色）鲜艳的；生动的”，修饰人或物，作定语或表语 1.我的英语老师总是让她的课生动有趣。 ________________________________________________________________________________2.To keep the traditional art ______, the artist gives free lessons online about making Chinese knots. A．truthful B．alive C．possible D．believable 综合小练 一、用所给单词的适当形式或按要求填空。 1．To have a greener life, it is better to walk or ride bicycles instead of ________（drive）. 2．Allow the water to boil—this means it has to reach a temperature of at ______（little） 99. 3．People came to understand his________（honest） and skill, spreading his fame far and wide. 4．Now when I have problems, I always think of your words which encouraged me to deal ____ all my difficulties and helped me so much.（盲填） 5．Success is often considered ______（be） the opposite of failure. 6．The latest news says that the climbers ______（live） have been sent to hospital. 7．Lei Feng has been ____（die） for many years, but his spirit still lives on. 8．You can also try creating your own songs by yourself. If your experiences are ________ （write） into the songs, your life will be more fun. 9．For weeks I made up ________（excuse） not to play with Ben. Ben began to think that I was avoiding him. 10．—Does your sister spend her money ________（wise）? —Yes, of course. She knows what to buy and what not to buy. 11．Do you know the ______（Asia） elephant is the largest land mammal（哺乳动物） on the Asian continent? 12．In Europe， Latin was used as a common language for many centuries before people almost stopped ______（use） it. 13．Because of having more time, children are supposed to ____（get） into more good habits. Good habits can make all things easy. 14．To the man's __________（surprise）, only ten frogs were caught. 二、翻译句子。 1．政府正在采取措施应对气候变化。（deal with） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．他怕我父亲会惩罚他。（punish） ____________________________________________________________ 3．我想那是因为她把大部分精力都花在她的功课上。（energy） ________________________________________________________________________________ 4．我们应该遵守规则，比如保持安静，不抽烟，不养宠物。（such as） ________________________________________________________________________________ 5．我给了他一些建议而不是一些钱。（instead of） ____________________________________________________________ 6．早餐总是被认为是一天中最重要的一顿饭。（be considered as） ________________________________________________________________________________ 7．当你第一次遇到某个人时，你们应该握手。（be supposed to） ________________________________________________________________________________ 8．浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。（waste，such） ______________________________________________________ 9．顺便问一下，你认为这本书怎么样？（by the way） ________________________________________________________ 三．语法考点 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 一.动词不定式： 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语。 1)及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语) [说 明] want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无) help(帮助) to可以省略 begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) forget to do忘记要做某事 He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) forget doing 忘记做过某事 Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) 2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 如：I found to learn to ride a bike not very easy .=I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 3) 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Why not do...=Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do... I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3.不定式作宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) +sb. / sth. +to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭) I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母) The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时) Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含 义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有： 一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。 但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4. 不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 [A] 记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语) 汉 语 意 思 a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子 give her a book to read 给她一本书读 Is there any (+名词/代词) to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗? It’s time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。 Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? I’d like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。 I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 Would you like something to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗？ 5.不定式作状语 [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。 如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的) I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。 如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩) I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) [C] 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。 如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。 如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语) They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。 根据提示完成句子 ①I hope 　to find　(find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.  ②He found it hard 　to catch up with　(catch up with)his classmates.  ③Father asks me 　not to play　(not play)computer games before finishing my homework.  ④All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them 　laugh　(laugh).  ⑤Let him 　have　(have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.  ⑥We have two rooms 　to live　(live)in,but I can’t decide which one 　to choose　(choose).  二、动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词可以作宾语。 1）want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 3. 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。 如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 4.动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动 作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 三、分词： 包含现在分词（-ing）和过去分词(-ed)。 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作已经完 成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人) He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3)现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 4)过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。 常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。 5）过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆) 动词用法辨析： take、spend、pay、cost的用法： spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing sth. She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一个晚上看那本小说) take的主语通常是事情,句型：It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do…sth.。 This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job.(做这件事情要花我两天的时间) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. How much does a house like this cost? (像这样的房子要花多少钱？) pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物. I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书) 根据句子意思和时态，用spend, take, cost和pay 的正确形式来填空。 1. I ________ two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 2. The car ________ him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。 3. They _______________two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 4. I _______ a lot of money for the new computer. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 5. It _________ them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 一、单项选择 1.During our holidays, we should avoid 　　　up at night and oversleeping in the morning.  A.stay　　　 B.to stay C.stayed　　　 D.staying 2.I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people 　　　closer to them.   A.get　　　 B.to get C.getting　　　 D.got 3.　　　 the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.  A.Enjoyed　　　 B.Enjoying C.Enjoy　　　 D.To enjoy 4.I was deeply moved by the film Hi, Mom. I think it's well worth 　　　.  A.to watch　　　 B.watch　　　 C.watching 5.The doctors and nurses managed 　　　the lives of patients, though they didn't have enough medicine.  A.save　　　 B.saving C.to save　　　 D.to saving 6.Frank and his friends had great fun 　　　volleyball on the beach yesterday.  A.play　　　 B.playing　　　 C.to play 二、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 三、语法填空 Most people today are only worried about 　1　(get)good jobs to make lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 　2　(do) for fun. However, few people think about what they can do　3　(help) others.   There are many people who are less lucky than us. 　4　(volunteer) our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop　5　(do) their jobs for a few months to move to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.   1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  四．写作考点 节日介绍  假如你们班将以An unforgettable festival为题开展一次英语主题班会，请你根据以下提示内容写一篇短文，准备发言用。 提示内容：1.令你难忘的节日及时间；2.描述你是如何度过这一节日的；3.谈谈你对这一节日的看法或感受。 【思路点拨】 1. 定基调 体裁：记叙文                        时态：谈论过去的经历以一般过去时为主 人称：介绍自己的经历以第一人称为主 2. 谋布局、写句子 3. 巧衔接 在介绍节日经历时，可以用表示时间顺序的词语来衔接上下文，如：on my way to their house, when I entered the house, then, after等,这些词语的使用可以将节日经历描述得连贯、自然，从而使文章成为一个有机统一体。 4. 成篇章                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                             　　你们学校开展了向本校的外国交换生介绍中国传统节日的活动。请根据下面思维导图和要求介绍一下你最喜欢的中国传统节日。 要求:1.词数80—100; 2.文中不得出现真实人名,学校等信息。 五．阅读拓展 一 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 One of my students has decided to study computer science abroad. One day, I asked him why he wanted to study it. He told me he was good at it. “If you weren’t so good at it now, …” I couldn’t finish my words. He said, “That’s 1 . I always get top scores in computer science.” This disappointed (使……失望) me. I do believe this student has the 2 to do well in computer science. However, he may not achieve anything great 3 he experiences failure (失败) first. On the one hand, failure tells us to try harder. I’ll never forget how disappointed an artist friend was when he was refused from a master’s degree program. He waited for a year or two and tried again. He finally succeeded. He knew how 4 he was and worked even harder. Soon his artwork was so popular. Later, The New York Times 5 him. On the other hand, early success might be a setback (障碍) which we don’t realize. When I was a teenager, my teacher 6 everything I wrote, and I could get high marks on writing without really trying. By the time I got to college, I felt I had 7 to learn about writing, and I didn’t want any criticism (批评) on my writing. So I 8 courses that might have helped me improve as a writer. After college, I worked as a writer. Then, I experienced criticism and failure. That was when I began to grow. This is not to say that early success is 9 a setback. The student who always gets top scores in computer science may continue to succeed. The 10 is that he needs to keep learning and keep challenging himself. He mustn’t rest on his laurels (荣誉). 1．A．impossible B．improper C．unimportant D．unpleasant 2．A．quality B．courage C．ability D．energy 3．A．when B．after C．because D．unless 4．A．lucky B．sorry C．relaxed D．nervous 5．A．cared about B．complained about C．wrote about D．heard about 6．A．influenced B．praised C．collected D．disliked 7．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 8．A．avoided B．welcomed C．attended D．finished 9．A．probably B．certainly C．seriously D．nearly 10．A．key B．purpose C．mistake D．mystery 二 Water is important for all living things on Earth. The water cycle is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the earth again. It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active from March to June in China. In this article, we will explore the water cycle and discuss its importance for Earth. The water cycle always begins with water vapour (蒸汽). When it’s hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow. The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our Earth’s climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. On top of that, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don’t have enough water. Without the cycle. we would face many problems.When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly in need, it becomes a drought. Besides, water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our planet cool. The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our planet alive. It’s important for plants and animals to drink water and for our rivers to stay flowing with water. Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our planet works and develop better methods to protect our Earth. And that is a responsibility we should take on. 1．Which season might have the most active water cycle in China? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 2．Which is the right order of the water cycle according to the text? ① Water returns to the ground.            ② Rain or snow falls down. ③ Water vapour rises up.                ④ Clouds are formed in the sky. A．③②④① B．④②③① C．④③②① D．③④②① 3．Why is the water cycle important? A．It brings warm weather. B．It shows the beauty of nature. C．It makes the climate pleasant. D．It cleans the air and the ground. 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Earth’s climate. B．The water cycle. C．Water vapour. D．Drinking water. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To ask people to water plants. B．To encourage people to save water. C．To call on people to protect our planet. D．To inspire people to get close to nature. 三 根据短文内容，在空白处填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 “We thank you for your visits to Heilongjiang. This winter, you brought joy and life to this land. It’s so great to have you here.” 1 the last day of 2023, the Heilongjiang Provincial Tourism Ofice announced a thank-you letter 2 (excited). The letter 3 (publish) by several local newspapers. At Harbin Ice and Snow World, 4 ice-and-snow theme park in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, tourists gathered 5 (count) down toward 2024, with more than 1, 000 ice and snow sculptures around. Besides the ice-and-snow sculptures, a lot of winter activities were there for visitors to enjoy. Skiing was one of 6 (popular) activities. Many people would wait for two to three hours 7 these activities. What’s more, bicycles on ice and hot air balloons allowed visitors to enjoy the magic world from above. When the night 8 (fall), the ice sculptures looked bright in different colors, and live music and DJs added more to the colorful ice and snow world, where 9 (thousand) of visitors danced to the music together. During this tourism boom, many visitors felt the 10 (warm) of local people. Local government provided hot tea for free to keep visitors warm. Many drivers also volunteered to drive around the city to pick up tourists and give them free rides. “Whether it is Zibo Barbecue or Harbin Ice and Snow Tourism, they have given full play to their own characteristics and advantages. ”said Zhang Yiwu, a Chinese language and literature professor at Peking University. 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 考点拓展3& 非谓语动词&写作指导（节日介绍） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 5 四．写作考点 13 五．阅读拓展 16 一．词汇拓展 1.power n．权力；力量→________(形容词) 2．lend v．(把某物)借出，借给(某人)→________(过去式/过去分词) 3．properly adv.合适地；正确地→________ adj.合适的；恰当的 4．printing n．印刷→________ v．印刷→________ n．印刷工人；打印机 5．development n．发展；进步→________ v．发展；壮大→________ adj.发展中的 6．trade n．买卖；交易→________ n．商人 7．spread v．扩展；蔓延；传播→________(过去式/过去分词) 8．single adj.仅一个的；单个的→________ adj.(成)双的；两个…… 9．sheep n．羊；绵羊→________ (复数) 10．brush v．(用刷子)刷→________(第三人称单数) 11．kangaroo n．袋鼠→________(复数) 12．lazy adj.懒惰的；懒散的→________(比较级)→________(最高级)→________ n．懒惰 13．wool n．羊毛→________ adj.羊毛的 14．ride v．骑马，乘车→________ n．骑马(运动) 15．fly n．苍蝇→________(复数) 16.general adj.整体的；普遍的→________ adv.一般来说；普遍地 17．recently adv.最近；近来→________ adj.最近的；近来的 18．factory n．制造厂；工厂→________(复数) 19．pollute v．污染→________ n．污染→________ adj.被污染的 20．recycling n．回收利用→________ v．回收利用，再使用(废品) 21．enemy n．敌人；仇人→________(复数) 22．repeat v．重说；重新做→________(过去式/过去分词) 23．grandson n．(外)孙子→________(对应词)n.(外)孙女 1．powerful　2.lent　3.proper　4.print　printer5．develop　developing　6.trader　7.spread8．double　9.sheep　10.brushes　11.kangaroos12．lazier　laziest　laziness　13.woolen　14.riding　15.flies16．generally　17.recent　18.factories　19.pollution　polluted20．recycle　21.enemies　22.repeated　23.granddaughter 二．考点拓展 考点1 deal的用法 No deal, Tony. 这不行，托尼。 1．—I don't know how to ______ the old books. —Why don't you give them away to the kids in poor areas? A．put on B．deal with C．hand out D．take up B 考点2 instead与instead of的辨析 If you do all these other things instead of your homework, you won't have time to study. 如果你做所有这些事而不是做家庭作业，你就没时间学习了。 词（组） 词性 含义与用法 instead 副词 “代替；反而；却”，修饰整个句子，位于句首或句末 instead of 介词短语 “代替;而不是”，后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式 用instead或instead of填空。 ① She'd made promises of all the important things. She could not understand why the students voted for Michael ____________ her. ② However, she didn't buy the toy with the money she made. ________, Helen decided to buy business cards... ① instead of② Instead 考点3 consider的用法 You should consider what the most important things is.你应当考虑最重要的事情是什么。 1．Known as the fifth invention of ancient China, Chinese abacus is also ______ as the earliest computer. A．cost B．caught C．covered D．considered 2．Sometimes in order to fit it in, I have to change my schedule. But I have never considered ________（give） it up. 1．D 2．giving 考点4 suppose的用法 He was important, but I suppose he isn't as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare. 他很重要，但是我认为他不如孔子和莎士比亚有名。 1．Maria greeted Paul's mom the wrong way at the party last night. She was __________（suppose）to shake hands. 2．Students are not supposed________（play）football in the classroom. 3．My parents always suppose me______（be） a good student and expect me to get good grades. 1．supposed2．to play3．to be 考点5 pity的用法 It is a pity that his foot problem stopped him from completing the 2012 London Olympic Games. 遗憾的是，他的脚伤使他无法完成2012年伦敦奥运会的比赛。 1．It's ______ pity that he won't attend my birthday party this coming Saturday. 2．She had pity __ him and gave him some food to eat. 3．It is a pity__________（waste） so much food. 1．a2．on3．to waste 考点6 alive、living live和lively的辨析 Everyone is surprised to see them at first, but very pleased to find that they were alive. 刚开始，大家看见他们还感到惊讶，但是发现他们还活着，大家都很开心。 词汇 用法 alive 意为“活着；有生气的”，作表语或后置定语，侧重指生与死的“界限” living 意为“活的；活生生的”，作表语或前置定语，可修饰人或物，有时可与alive互换 live 意为“实况转播的；活的”，只作定语，主要用于修饰动植物 lively 意为“生气勃勃的；（颜色）鲜艳的；生动的”，修饰人或物，作定语或表语 1.我的英语老师总是让她的课生动有趣。 ________________________________________________________________________________2.To keep the traditional art ______, the artist gives free lessons online about making Chinese knots. A．truthful B．alive C．possible D．believable 1.My English teacher always makes her classes lively and interesting. 2.B 综合小练 一、用所给单词的适当形式或按要求填空。 1．To have a greener life, it is better to walk or ride bicycles instead of ________（drive）. 2．Allow the water to boil—this means it has to reach a temperature of at ______（little） 99. 3．People came to understand his________（honest） and skill, spreading his fame far and wide. 4．Now when I have problems, I always think of your words which encouraged me to deal ____ all my difficulties and helped me so much.（盲填） 5．Success is often considered ______（be） the opposite of failure. 6．The latest news says that the climbers ______（live） have been sent to hospital. 7．Lei Feng has been ____（die） for many years, but his spirit still lives on. 8．You can also try creating your own songs by yourself. If your experiences are ________ （write） into the songs, your life will be more fun. 9．For weeks I made up ________（excuse） not to play with Ben. Ben began to think that I was avoiding him. 10．—Does your sister spend her money ________（wise）? —Yes, of course. She knows what to buy and what not to buy. 11．Do you know the ______（Asia） elephant is the largest land mammal（哺乳动物） on the Asian continent? 12．In Europe， Latin was used as a common language for many centuries before people almost stopped ______（use） it. 13．Because of having more time, children are supposed to ____（get） into more good habits. Good habits can make all things easy. 14．To the man's __________（surprise）, only ten frogs were caught. 1．driving 2．Least 3．Honesty 4．With 5．to be6．alive7．dead8．written9．excuses10．Wisely 11．Asian12．using13．get14．surprise 二、翻译句子。 1．政府正在采取措施应对气候变化。（deal with） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．他怕我父亲会惩罚他。（punish） ____________________________________________________________ 3．我想那是因为她把大部分精力都花在她的功课上。（energy） ________________________________________________________________________________ 4．我们应该遵守规则，比如保持安静，不抽烟，不养宠物。（such as） ________________________________________________________________________________ 5．我给了他一些建议而不是一些钱。（instead of） ____________________________________________________________ 6．早餐总是被认为是一天中最重要的一顿饭。（be considered as） ________________________________________________________________________________ 7．当你第一次遇到某个人时，你们应该握手。（be supposed to） ________________________________________________________________________________ 8．浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。（waste，such） ______________________________________________________ 9．顺便问一下，你认为这本书怎么样？（by the way） ________________________________________________________ 1．The government is taking measures/steps/action to deal with climate change. 2．He was afraid that my father would punish him. 3．I think that's because she puts most of her energy into her schoolwork. 4．We should follow the rules， such as being quiet, no smoking and no pets. 5．I gave him some advice instead of some money. 6．Breakfast is always considered as the most important meal of the day. 7．You're supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. 8．It's a pity to waste such delicious food. 9．By the way, what do you think of this book? 三．语法考点 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 一.动词不定式： 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语。 1)及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语) [说 明] want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无) help(帮助) to可以省略 begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) forget to do忘记要做某事 He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) forget doing 忘记做过某事 Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) 2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 如：I found to learn to ride a bike not very easy .=I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 3) 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Why not do...=Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do... I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3.不定式作宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) +sb. / sth. +to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭) I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母) The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时) Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含 义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有： 一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。 但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4. 不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 [A] 记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语) 汉 语 意 思 a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子 give her a book to read 给她一本书读 Is there any (+名词/代词) to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗? It’s time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。 Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? I’d like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。 I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 Would you like something to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗？ 5.不定式作状语 [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。 如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的) I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。 如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩) I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) [C] 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。 如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。 如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语) They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。 根据提示完成句子 ①I hope 　to find　(find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.  ②He found it hard 　to catch up with　(catch up with)his classmates.  ③Father asks me 　not to play　(not play)computer games before finishing my homework.  ④All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them 　laugh　(laugh).  ⑤Let him 　have　(have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.  ⑥We have two rooms 　to live　(live)in,but I can’t decide which one 　to choose　(choose).  二、动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词可以作宾语。 1）want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 3. 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。 如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 4.动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动 作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 三、分词： 包含现在分词（-ing）和过去分词(-ed)。 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作已经完 成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人) He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3)现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 4)过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。 常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。 5）过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆) 动词用法辨析： take、spend、pay、cost的用法： spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing sth. She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一个晚上看那本小说) take的主语通常是事情,句型：It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do…sth.。 This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job.(做这件事情要花我两天的时间) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. How much does a house like this cost? (像这样的房子要花多少钱？) pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物. I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书) 根据句子意思和时态，用spend, take, cost和pay 的正确形式来填空。 1. I ________ two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 2. The car ________ him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。 3. They _______________two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 4. I _______ a lot of money for the new computer. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 5. It _________ them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 答案：spend，costs，spend，pay，takes 一、单项选择 1.During our holidays, we should avoid 　　　up at night and oversleeping in the morning.  A.stay　　　 B.to stay C.stayed　　　 D.staying 答案　D　本题考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,是固定搭配。故选D。 知识拓展　常见的接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有很多,需要考生们平时善于积累。例如:finish doing; practice doing; keep doing; enjoy doing; mind doing。 2.I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people 　　　closer to them.   A.get　　　 B.to get C.getting　　　 D.got 答案　B　本题考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,故本题选B。 3.　　　 the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.  A.Enjoyed　　　 B.Enjoying C.Enjoy　　　 D.To enjoy 答案　D　本题考查非谓语动词。本空应该用动词不定式表目的。故答案为D。 4.I was deeply moved by the film Hi, Mom. I think it's well worth 　　　.  A.to watch　　　 B.watch　　　 C.watching 答案　C　本题考查动词。it's worth doing值得做某事。故答案选择C。 5.The doctors and nurses managed 　　　the lives of patients, though they didn't have enough medicine.  A.save　　　 B.saving C.to save　　　 D.to saving 答案　C　本题考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.设法做成某事。故选C项。 6.Frank and his friends had great fun 　　　volleyball on the beach yesterday.  A.play　　　 B.playing　　　 C.to play 答案　B　本题考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心。故选B。 二、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 语篇解读　 文章介绍了独处正在成为一种流行的生活方式,而并非人们传统上认为的消极处事态度。 1.C　本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中,动名词短语充当句子的主语。故选C。 2.D　本题考查非谓语动词。fear doing sth.害怕做某事,且此处是“害怕被称作”,所以选D。 3.D　本题考查非谓语动词。用v.-ing形式作see的宾语,故选D。 4.B　本题考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.能够做某事。故选B。 5.A　本题考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.选择做某事。故选A。 6.C　本题考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故选C。 7.D　本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作后置定语。故选D。 8.B　本题考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表目的。故选B。 9.C　本题考查非谓语动词。embrace拥抱。空前的介词about后应用动名词形式。故选C。 10.B　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语to have some “me time” once in a while是本句真正的主语,it在本句中充当形式主语。故选B。 三、语法填空 Most people today are only worried about 　1　(get)good jobs to make lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 　2　(do) for fun. However, few people think about what they can do　3　(help) others.   There are many people who are less lucky than us. 　4　(volunteer) our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop　5　(do) their jobs for a few months to move to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.   1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  语篇解读　 本文是一篇有关志愿工作的文章。 1.getting　本题考查非谓语动词。be worried about 担心,about为介词,后面应该用v.-ing形式,故填getting。 2.to do　本题考查非谓语动词。what to do 做什么,在本句中作动词短语think about的宾语。 3.to help　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式表目的。 4.Volunteering　本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中,设空处充当主语,所以要用volunteer的动名词形式,故填Volunteering。 5.doing　本题考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.停止做某事。stop后也可以接动词不定式,stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。 四．写作考点 节日介绍  假如你们班将以An unforgettable festival为题开展一次英语主题班会，请你根据以下提示内容写一篇短文，准备发言用。 提示内容：1.令你难忘的节日及时间；2.描述你是如何度过这一节日的；3.谈谈你对这一节日的看法或感受。 【思路点拨】 1. 定基调 体裁：记叙文                        时态：谈论过去的经历以一般过去时为主 人称：介绍自己的经历以第一人称为主 2. 谋布局、写句子 3. 巧衔接 在介绍节日经历时，可以用表示时间顺序的词语来衔接上下文，如：on my way to their house, when I entered the house, then, after等,这些词语的使用可以将节日经历描述得连贯、自然，从而使文章成为一个有机统一体。 4. 成篇章                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ____________                             5. 化“平凡”为“非凡” I enjoyed myself. I also learned about some Spring Festival traditions in Singapore. → I not only enjoyed myself but also learned about some Spring Festival traditions in Singapore. 答案 2. 谋布局、写句子 (1) An unforgettable festival for me  (2) It was my first time to spend (3) One of my classmates invited me to spend (4) I wished them “Happy Spring Festival”  (5) We had a big meal 4. 成篇章 An unforgettable festival for me was the Spring Festival last year. I was visiting Singapore. It was my first time to spend the Spring Festival in a foreign country. One of my classmates invited me to spend the holiday with his family. I bought a bag of oranges for his family on my way to their house. When I entered the house, I wished them “Happy Spring Festival”. To my surprise, I got a hongbao in return. Then we had a big meal. After the meal was over, we went to Chinatown to see the lion dance.  This Spring Festival was special and unforgettable. I enjoyed myself. I also learned about some Spring Festival traditions in Singapore. 　　你们学校开展了向本校的外国交换生介绍中国传统节日的活动。请根据下面思维导图和要求介绍一下你最喜欢的中国传统节日。 要求:1.词数80—100; 2.文中不得出现真实人名,学校等信息。 At my school, we are talking about how to introduce our traditional festivals to foreign students. Of all the traditional Chinese festivals, the Spring Festival is my favorite. I usually celebrate it with my family. The true spirit of this festival is reunion and company. So during the holiday, my whole family get together.We watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV and eat delicious food.We play cards, chat and enjoy being around with each other. On New Year's Eve, as soon as the clock strikes twelve, everyone cheers. When the streets are filled with the air of happiness, you will feel the magic of the festival.  In a word, through the Spring Festival,we can feel the beauty of Chinese culture and embrace traditional customs. I truly love it!  五．阅读拓展 一 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 One of my students has decided to study computer science abroad. One day, I asked him why he wanted to study it. He told me he was good at it. “If you weren’t so good at it now, …” I couldn’t finish my words. He said, “That’s 1 . I always get top scores in computer science.” This disappointed (使……失望) me. I do believe this student has the 2 to do well in computer science. However, he may not achieve anything great 3 he experiences failure (失败) first. On the one hand, failure tells us to try harder. I’ll never forget how disappointed an artist friend was when he was refused from a master’s degree program. He waited for a year or two and tried again. He finally succeeded. He knew how 4 he was and worked even harder. Soon his artwork was so popular. Later, The New York Times 5 him. On the other hand, early success might be a setback (障碍) which we don’t realize. When I was a teenager, my teacher 6 everything I wrote, and I could get high marks on writing without really trying. By the time I got to college, I felt I had 7 to learn about writing, and I didn’t want any criticism (批评) on my writing. So I 8 courses that might have helped me improve as a writer. After college, I worked as a writer. Then, I experienced criticism and failure. That was when I began to grow. This is not to say that early success is 9 a setback. The student who always gets top scores in computer science may continue to succeed. The 10 is that he needs to keep learning and keep challenging himself. He mustn’t rest on his laurels (荣誉). 1．A．impossible B．improper C．unimportant D．unpleasant 2．A．quality B．courage C．ability D．energy 3．A．when B．after C．because D．unless 4．A．lucky B．sorry C．relaxed D．nervous 5．A．cared about B．complained about C．wrote about D．heard about 6．A．influenced B．praised C．collected D．disliked 7．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 8．A．avoided B．welcomed C．attended D．finished 9．A．probably B．certainly C．seriously D．nearly 10．A．key B．purpose C．mistake D．mystery 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了失败的重要性，经历过失败才会更加努力，才能取得更大的成就。 1．句意：那不可能。 impossible不可能的；improper不恰当的；unimportant不重要的；unpleasant令人不快的。根据“I always get top scores in computer science.”可知，这名学生在计算机科学方面总是得高分，认为作者的假设“如果你不擅长计算机科学”不成立，那种情况是不可能的。故选A。 2．句意：我相信这个学生有能力在计算机科学方面取得好成绩。 quality品质；courage勇气；ability能力；energy能量。根据“However, he may not achieve anything great...”可知，此处在谈论这个学生的能力。故选C。 3．句意：然而，除非他经历了失败，否则他可能不会取得任何伟大的成就。 when当……时；after在……之后；because因为；unless除非。根据“On the one hand, failure tells us to try harder.”可知，此处在谈论失败的重要性，分析题干可知，前后句之间是否定的条件关系，用unless“除非”符合语境。故选D。 4．句意：他知道他有多幸运，工作更加努力。 lucky幸运的；sorry抱歉的；relaxed放松的；nervous紧张的。根据“He finally succeeded.”可知，他最后成功了，所以感觉到幸运。故选A。 5．句意：后来，《纽约时报》报道了他。 care about关心；complain about抱怨；write about写……的事，报道；hear about听说。根据“Soon his artwork was so popular.”可知，他的艺术作品非常受欢迎，《纽约时报》报道了他。故选C。 6．句意：当我青少年时，我的老师表扬了我写的每一篇文章，我可以在写作上不费吹灰之力就获得高分。 influence影响；praise表扬；collect收集；dislike不喜欢。根据“and I could get high marks on writing without really trying.”可知，作者可以在写作上不费吹灰之力就获得高分，由此推断，老师经常表扬他写的每一篇文章。故选B。 7．句意：当我上大学的时候，我觉得写作对我来说没有什么可学的，关于我的写作我不想受到任何批评。 something某事，某物；anything任何事物；everything所有事物；nothing没什么。根据“When I was a teenager, my teacher...everything I wrote, and I could get high marks on writing without really trying.”可知，作者青少年时，老师表扬他写的每一篇文章，他可以在写作上不费吹灰之力就获得高分，所以上大学时，他觉得写作对他来说没有什么可学的。故选D。 8．句意：所以我避开了那些可能有助于我提高写作水平的课程。 avoid避免；welcome欢迎；attend参加；finish完成。根据“By the time I got to college, I felt I had...to learn about writing, and I didn’t want any criticism (批评) on my writing.”可知，作者认为自己写作水平很高，没什么可学的，也不想受到任何批评，所以会避开了有助于提高写作水平的课程。故选A。 9．句意：这并不是说早期的成功肯定是一个障碍。 probably可能；certainly肯定；seriously严肃地；nearly几乎。根据前文“On the other hand, early success might be a setback (障碍) which we don’t realize.”可知，作者认为早期的成功可能是一个我们没有意识到的障碍，但这并不是说早期的成功肯定是一个障碍，前后呼应。故选B。 10．句意：关键是他需要不断学习，不断挑战自己。 key关键；purpose目的；mistake错误；mystery奥秘。根据“The student who always gets top scores in computer science may continue to succeed.”可知，作者在谈论那名学生要持续成功的关键因素：不断学习，不断挑战自己。故选A。 二 Water is important for all living things on Earth. The water cycle is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the earth again. It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active from March to June in China. In this article, we will explore the water cycle and discuss its importance for Earth. The water cycle always begins with water vapour (蒸汽). When it’s hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow. The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our Earth’s climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. On top of that, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don’t have enough water. Without the cycle. we would face many problems.When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly in need, it becomes a drought. Besides, water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our planet cool. The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our planet alive. It’s important for plants and animals to drink water and for our rivers to stay flowing with water. Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our planet works and develop better methods to protect our Earth. And that is a responsibility we should take on. 1．Which season might have the most active water cycle in China? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 2．Which is the right order of the water cycle according to the text? ① Water returns to the ground.            ② Rain or snow falls down. ③ Water vapour rises up.                ④ Clouds are formed in the sky. A．③②④① B．④②③① C．④③②① D．③④②① 3．Why is the water cycle important? A．It brings warm weather. B．It shows the beauty of nature. C．It makes the climate pleasant. D．It cleans the air and the ground. 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Earth’s climate. B．The water cycle. C．Water vapour. D．Drinking water. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To ask people to water plants. B．To encourage people to save water. C．To call on people to protect our planet. D．To inspire people to get close to nature. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了水的重要性，以及水循环这一自然过程。 1．推理判断题。根据“and is most active from March to June in China.”可知，在中国，它从三月到六月最为活跃，也就是整个春季。故选A。 2．篇章结构题。根据“As water vapour rises into the sky…clouds forming in the sky…fall back to Earth as rain or snow…finally returns to the earth”可知，正确的顺序是水蒸气升入天空，冷却下来并变成云，以雨或雪的形式落回地球，再次回到地球。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our Earth’s climate.”可知，水循环在保护我们地球的气候方面起着重要作用，它能够让气候健康宜人。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知，为我们提供了饮用水，并保持我们的气候健康是水循环的作用，此处的“it”指代水循环这个自然过程。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our planet works and develop better methods to protect our Earth. And that is a responsibility we should take on.”并通读全文可知，本文介绍了水循环的作用，作者在最后指出了解水循环可以帮助我们欣赏大自然的美丽，知道我们的星球是如何运作的，并开发出更好的方法来保护我们的地球，这是我们应当承担的责任，故作者的目的是号召大家保护地球。故选C。 三 根据短文内容，在空白处填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 “We thank you for your visits to Heilongjiang. This winter, you brought joy and life to this land. It’s so great to have you here.” 1 the last day of 2023, the Heilongjiang Provincial Tourism Ofice announced a thank-you letter 2 (excited). The letter 3 (publish) by several local newspapers. At Harbin Ice and Snow World, 4 ice-and-snow theme park in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, tourists gathered 5 (count) down toward 2024, with more than 1, 000 ice and snow sculptures around. Besides the ice-and-snow sculptures, a lot of winter activities were there for visitors to enjoy. Skiing was one of 6 (popular) activities. Many people would wait for two to three hours 7 these activities. What’s more, bicycles on ice and hot air balloons allowed visitors to enjoy the magic world from above. When the night 8 (fall), the ice sculptures looked bright in different colors, and live music and DJs added more to the colorful ice and snow world, where 9 (thousand) of visitors danced to the music together. During this tourism boom, many visitors felt the 10 (warm) of local people. Local government provided hot tea for free to keep visitors warm. Many drivers also volunteered to drive around the city to pick up tourists and give them free rides. “Whether it is Zibo Barbecue or Harbin Ice and Snow Tourism, they have given full play to their own characteristics and advantages. ”said Zhang Yiwu, a Chinese language and literature professor at Peking University. 【答案】1．On 2．excitedly 3．was published 4．an/the 5．to count 6．the most popular 7．for 8．fell 9．thousands 10．warmth 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章从2023年最后一天黑龙江省文旅局的一封感谢信写起，记述了这个冬天哈尔滨的旅游盛况。 1．句意：在2023年的最后一天，黑龙江省文旅局激动地宣布了一封感谢信。根据“the last day of 2023”为具体的一天可知此处应填介词on，位于句首首字母需要大写，故填On。 2．句意：在2023年的最后一天，黑龙江省文旅局激动地宣布了一封感谢信。此处应填副词修饰动词announced“宣布”，故填excitedly。 3．句意：这封信被几家本地报纸出版。主语the letter和谓语publish为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，由“the Heilongjiang Provincial Tourism Ofice announced”可知句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为“was/were+done”，主语the letter为第三人称单数，be动词应用was，故填was published。 4．句意：在冰雪大世界，一(这)个中国东北黑龙江省的冰雪主题公园，周围有1000多个冰雪雕塑，游客汇集于此倒计时204年。此处应填冠词，不定冠词，泛指冰雪主题公园中的一个，而ice-and-snow为元音音素开头，而the特指哈尔滨冰雪大世界，故填an/the。 5．句意：在冰雪大世界，一(这)个中国东北黑龙江省的冰雪主题公园，周围有1000多个冰雪雕塑，游客汇集于此倒计时2024年。此处表目的，应用其不定式形式，故填to count。 6．句意：滑雪是最受欢迎的活动之一。根据“one of”可知此处应填形容词最高级形式，其前必须加定冠词the，故填the most popular。 7．句意：许多人会等待这些活动两三个小时。wait“等待”为不及物动词，其后加宾语时需要加介词for，故填for。 8．句意：当夜晚降临时，冰雕看起来闪耀着不同的颜色，并且现场音乐和DJ为冰雪世界更增添了色彩，在那儿，成千上万的游客随着音乐一起跳舞。根据“the ice sculptures looked bright in different colors”可知此处时态为一般过去时，故填fell。 9．句意：当夜晚降临时，冰雕看起来闪耀着不同的颜色，并且现场音乐和DJ为冰雪世界更增添了色彩，在那儿，成千上万的游客随着音乐一起跳舞。thousand“千”，其前没有具体数字，所以此处应用其复数形式，故填thousands。 10．句意：在这次旅游热潮中，许多游客感受到了本地人的温暖。根据“the...of...”可知此处应填名词，故填warmth。 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$