专题04 考点拓展4& 非谓语动词 &写作指导 （自然灾害）-【寒假】2025年八年级英语寒假学习讲义（译林版）

专题04 考点拓展4& 非谓语动词 &写作指导 （自然灾害） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 8 四．写作考点 15 五．阅读拓展 17 一．词汇拓展 1．foggy adj． 有雾的，多雾的 →fog n雾，烟雾 2．rainy adj． 有雨的 →rain n．雨，下雨 3．snowy adj． 有雪的 →snow n．雪，下雪 4．cloud n． 云 →cloudy adj．多云的，阴天的 5．wind n． 风 →windy adj．有风的 6．sleepy adj． 困倦的 →sleep n．& vi．睡觉 7．shine n． 光亮，光泽 →shiny adj．光亮的，反光的 →shine vi．照射 8．sudden adj． 突然的 →suddenly adv．突然地 9．frozen adj． 结冰的 →freeze vt．&vi．使……结冰，冷冻 10．exciting adj． 激动人心的 →excited adj兴奋的，激动的 →excite vt．使……兴奋→excitement n． 兴奋 11．loud adj． 响亮的，大声的 →loudly adv．大声地 12．shake vi．& vt摇动，震动 →shake n．摇动，震动 →shaking n．摇动，震动 13．silent adj寂静的 →silence n．寂静，沉默 14．trapped adj困住的 →trap vt．使陷入困境 →trap n．陷阱 15．safe adj安全的 →safety n．安全 16．asleep adj睡着的 →sleep vi． 睡觉”．睡眠 →sleepy adj．困倦的 →sleeping adj睡着的 17．burn n． 烧伤，烫伤 →burn vt．& vi．燃烧，烧毁 →burning adj． 燃烧的 18．clear vt． 清除，清理 →clear adj．清楚的，清澈的 二．考点拓展 考点1 rise的用法 The leaves turn green and the temperature rises quickly. 树叶变绿而且温度迅速上升。 易混词 意义及用法 常见搭配 rise vi.（rose） 指气温、体温、价格、水位、日月星辰等的“上升，升起”，无被动语态 the sun rises太阳升起，the  price rises价格升高，the  temperature rises温度升高 raise vt.（raised） 意为“增加，提高（数量、水平等）” raise salaries/prices/taxes提高 薪水/价格/税金 raise vt.（raised） 意为“提升，举起，升起”，发出此动作的通常是人，如抬头、举手等 raise the gun 拿起枪 raise one’s hand 举手 raise the weight举重 意为“饲养，培育，种植” raise cattle/corn养牛/种植玉米 意为“筹集，招募”时，相当于collect raise money筹钱 raise an army组建一支部队 1. Luckily no one was hurt in the snowstorm， but the smoke from the snow （升起） straightly up in the air. 2. The river has （rise） after the heavy rain， and he had to ⁠（raise） the box in his hand. 3. I will （筹足够的钱） for my exciting holiday. 1.rose 2.risen,raise 3.raise enough money　 考点2. loud的用法 Can you speak louder please？ 请你大点声说话好吗？ 易混词 意义及用法 常搭配的词 loud 作形容词，意为“大声的，响亮的” speak、 talk、 sing、  laugh等 作副词，意为“大声地，响亮地”，强调声音响亮，有比较等级的形式 aloud 是副词，意为“大声地，出声地”，强调能让人听得见，没有比较等级 read、 think等 loudly 是副词，意为“大声地，响亮地”，有时可与loud互换，但含有“吵闹”之意 ring、knock等 loud， loudly， aloud In the station， a child suddenly speak ① ， “I can’t find my parents！” An attendant heard and replied ② ， guiding the child to the missing parents. The child’s voice， though ③ ， was not stopped， as it was a call for help. 1.loudly/loud 2.aloud 3.loud 考点3.How’s the weather （in＋地点）？ （某地）天气怎么样？ How’s the weather in Nanjing？ 南京的天气怎么样？ “How’s the weather （in＋地点）？” 意为“（某地）天气怎么样？”，常用来询问天气情况，相当于“What’s the weather like （in＋地点）？”。其答语为“It’s＋表示天气的形容词（sunny/rainy/windy/snowy/…）.”。 1. － is the weather in Xinghua today？ I want to drive there this afternoon for sights. －There is too much  here. You may come next week； it’ll be sunny then. A. How；rainier B. What；rain C. How；rain D. What；rainier C 考点4.This is sb speaking. 我是某人。（打电话用语） 请某人接电话用语 Hello！ May / Could I speak to…？ 你好！我可以与……通话吗？ Hello！ Is…in？ 你好，……在吗？ Is that…（speaking）？ 你是……吗？ 接电话人的应答语 Hello！ This is…（speaking）.你好，我是……。 让对方稍等的用语 Hold on （for a moment）， please.请稍等，别挂断。 表示对方找的人不在或请对方留言用语 He isn’t here at the moment.他现在不在这儿。 Sorry， he isn’t in. 对不起，他不在。 Sorry， he is out. 对不起，他出去了。 Can I take a message for him？我能给他带个口信吗？ 1. This is Han Mei （speak）. What is that？ 2. －Hello， who’s that speaking？ － . A. This is Jim speaking B. I’m Mike C. That’s Jane D. She is Nancy 1.speaking 2.A 考点5.beat的用法 I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast.我感到紧张，而且我的心脏跳得很快。 易混词 意义及用法 hit（hit，hit） 表示对准某一目标去“打，碰撞” beat（beat，beaten） 表示“（使）规律作响，作节奏运动” 表示娱乐场合或比赛中“打败，战胜”，宾语通常是对手 win （won，won） 意为“获胜，赢得”，宾语通常是比赛或奖项 win， hit， beat In the local tennis tournament， Mike ① the ball with precision， ② his opponent in straight sets. The crowd cheered as he ③ the match， having never been ④ in this court before. 1.hit 2.beating 3.won 4.beaten 考点6.asleep的用法 Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 地震发生时蒂米正在睡觉。 易混词 意义及用法 常见搭配 asleep 作形容词，意为“睡着的”，常作表语或宾语补足 语，其反义词是awake fall asleep入睡，睡着了 be asleep睡着 sleep 作动词，意为“睡觉” sleep ell/deeply/soundly/badly  睡得好；沉睡；酣睡；睡得 不好 sleep 作名词，意为“睡觉，睡眠” go to sleep去睡觉 sleepy 作形容词，意为“瞌睡的，欲睡的，困乏的”，表示没睡着，常作表语或定语 a sleepy child打瞌睡的孩子 feel sleepy犯困 sleeping 作形容词，意为“睡着的”，常作表语或定语，放 在所修饰词前 sleeping bags睡袋 sleep， sleepy， asleep 　Last night， after a long day of work， I felt exactly ① and tired. I went to bed early and quickly fell ② . Throughout the night， I ③ soundly， undisturbed by any dreams or noises. Waking up the next morning， I felt fully rested and ready for the day ahead. 1.sleepy 2.asleep 3.slept 三．语法考点 非谓语动词 01 考标导向化 近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语，动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语，及个别分词的用法。预计年中考对非谓语动词的考查，不定式仍是考查的热点。我们应该牢固掌握一些动词固定搭配的用法。 02 概念清晰化 非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。 考点一 动词不定式 功能 例句 主语 To speak English well isn’t an easy job. 宾语 They decided to change their mind. 宾语补足语 He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day. 定语 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 表语 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children. 状语 目的 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. 结果 He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside. 1.不定式作宾语 (1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗? (2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如： I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。 (3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式： why not do…，had better(not) do…，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do… I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 2.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他将收音机的音量调低。 tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们工作了一整夜。 3.不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如： There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 特殊结构的不定式 结构 例句 too…to结构 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. not+不定式 The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road. 疑问词+不定式 作主语 How to solve the problem is very important. 作宾语 He didn’t know what to say. 作表语 The question is where to find the water. for+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is necessary for us to learn from each other. of+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is very kind of you to help me with my English. 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful. →It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生要做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go) 考点二 动词-ing形式 功能 例句 主语 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous. 宾语 I finished doing my homework. 表语 The nurse’s job is looking after the patients. 定语 She is reading in the reading room. 宾语补足语 He kept the machine running for ten hours. 状语 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 1.英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词有：finish(完成),mind(介意),be worth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(练习),have fun(玩得高兴),feel like(想要),be used to(习惯于),consider(考虑),enjoy(喜欢)。 2.主语+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等)+to do sth.如： I’m glad to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。 I’m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我感到遗憾。 3.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析： (1)stop doing/stop to do stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事 (2)forget doing/forget to do forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做) forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做) (3)remember doing/remember to do remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做) remember to do sth.记着去做某事(事情没做) (4)try doing/try to do try doing sth.尝试着去做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事 (5)go on doing/go on to do go on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情 go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事 (6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth. allow doing sth.允许做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 (7)regret doing/regret to do regret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做) regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) (8)mean doing/mean to do mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算、想做某事 考点三 动词的过去分词 功能 例句 表语 The door remained locked. 定语 The building built last year is now a department store. 宾语补足语 I heard my name called. 状语 Heated water changes into steam. 英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如： She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态) 1.过去分词用在get,have,make 的后面。 注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况： A)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如： I have had my bike repaired.我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。 B)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。 2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如： I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。 3.过去分词用在感官动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等后面。如： When we got to school,we saw the door locked.到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。 4.过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如： The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。 5.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别: 现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补:表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如： He didn’t notice me waiting.他没有注意到我正在等。 I heard the song sung in English.我听见这首歌被用英语唱了。 I saw him opening the window.我看见他正在开窗户。 I saw the window opened.我看见窗户被开了。 I saw him open the window.我看见他开了窗户。 I heard her sing the song in English.我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。 一.单项选择。 1．— How about going hiking this weekend? — Sorry. I prefer ______ rather than ______. A．to stay at home；go out B．to go out；stay at home C．staying at home；go out D．going out；stay at home 2．— Could you tell me how to improve spoken English? — Well, just take every chance to practice ______ and don’t be shy. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke 3. He pretended ______ me when he walked by. A．not see B．not to see C．don't see D．to not see 4．Listen! There must be someone ______ through the jungle. A．trek B．treking C．trekking D. to trek 5．She writes slowly so she has trouble ______ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D. took 6．My English teacher is easy ______ so we all like her. A．to get along with B. get along with C．to get along D. getting along with 7． Peter is busy ________ at school，but he never forgets ________ exercise every day． A．working；doing B．working；to do C．at work；doing 8．I saw a UFO ________ on the square in my dream． A．to drop B．land C．wear D．to fly 9．Tom’s mother asked him ________ some washing after dinner． A．to do B．does C．do D．did 10．—Do you like playing the piano? —Yes，but I don’t know ________ play it well． A．what B．how C．what to D．how to 11． He made some toys ________ his little son． A．please B．to please C．pleasing D．pleased 12．Teenagers should not ______. A．allowed to drive B．be allow to driving C．be allowed driving D．be allowed to drive 13．I’m very ______ and I really need an ______ vacation. A．tired, exciting B．tired, excited C．tiring, exciting D．tiring, excited 14．He's very good at English. He spends most of his free time ______ new words. A．remember B．remembering C．remembers D．remembered 15．— When are you leaving for the concert? — I'm not sure. I haven't finished ______ the dishes. A．Do B．to do C．doing D．done 16．— Why did you buy a radio? — ______ English. A．Learn B．Learning C．To learn D．Be learning 17．The best way to learn English is ______ you ______ in an English-speaking environment. A．let; live B．to let; to live C．letting; living D．to let, live 18．The boy is often seen ______ play basketball after school. A．play B．to play C．to playing D．played 1. A。考查句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.，表示“宁愿……，而不愿……”。句子的意思是 “—这个周末去远足怎么样？—很抱歉，我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去”。 2. C。practice的意思是“练习”，其后接动名词形式作宾语，不能接不定式，所以答案为C项。 3. B。pretend的意思是“假装”，其后接不定式作宾语，由此可以排除A和C，其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.，所以答案为B项。句子的意思是“当他走过我的身旁时，他假装没有看见我”。 4. C。分析句子结构可知，该空要使用现在分词作定语，trek的现在分词形式是trekking，所以答案为C项。 5. B。此题考查结构have trouble doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难”，答案为B项。 6. A。be easy to do sth.表示“做某事是容易的”，注意get along with中的介词with不可省，所以答案为A项。 7．B。 句意：彼得在学校忙于工作，但他每天从不忘记做锻炼。be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事；forget to do sth.忘记做某事(事情还未做)。 8．B。 句意：在梦里，我看见一个不明飞行物在广场上着陆。see sb. /sth. do sth．看见某人/某物做某事；land意为“着陆”。 9．A。 句意：汤姆的妈妈让他晚饭后洗碗。ask sb. to do sth. (动词不定式作宾语补足语)让某人做某事。故选A。 10．D。 句意为“——你喜欢弹钢琴吗?——是的，但我不知道怎样才能弹好它”。由句子结构可知，it作play的宾语，所以不能用what。此处考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”，故选D。 11．B。 句意：他制作了一些玩具来讨好他年幼的儿子。这里应该用带to的动词不定式来作目的状语。正确答案为B。 12. D。此题考查句型allow sb. to do sth.，表示“允许某人做某事”，此处使用的是被动语态。句子的意思是“青少年不应该被允许驾车”。 13. A。tiring “累人的；令人疲倦的，麻烦的；无聊的”，常用来形容物；tired“疲倦的，厌倦的，厌烦的”，常用来形容人。由此可知第一空使用tired。excited意思是“兴奋的，激动的”，多用来修饰人；exciting意思是“使人兴奋的，刺激的，令人惊心动魄的，极其有趣的”，修饰物。由此可知答案为A项。 14. B。此题考查结构spend some time (in) doing sth.，表示“花费时间做事某”，所以答案为B项。 15. C。finish动词，意为“完成”，其后接动名词作宾语，所以答案为C项。 16. C。上句的意思是“你为什么买收音机？”答案为C项，不定式表示目的，也就是说，买收音机的目的是学习英语。 17. D。 let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，由此可以排除B和C；第一空所填词要作表语，可以使用不定式，但不能使用动词，所以D项正确。 18. B。在短语see sb. do sth.（看见某人做某事）中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时要加上to。所以答案为B项。 二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Jenny saw a wallet ______（lie）on the ground. 2. The heavy snow stopped them from______(go)out for a walk the day before yesterday. 3. Don’t you hear someone ______(sing) in the next room? 4. The little girl really feels like_______(eat)eggs. 5. Keep ______(try).You are sure to get a good result. 6. Lily finished ______(read) the book yesterday. 7. Mr Lee made us ______(laugh) 8. —The children should be told _____(not break) the traffic rules. —That’s right. 9. He found it hard ____(catch) up with his classmates ,because all his classmates worked very hard. 10. This is the best way _____(work) out this problem. 1. lying 2.going 3.singing 4.eating 5.trying 6. reading 7.laugh 8.not to break 9.to catch 10.to work 四．写作考点 如何描述自然灾害的作文 1.话题分析 本单元话题“自然灾害”，Task写作部分要求描述一个自己经历过或听说过的自然灾害。叙述自然灾害发生的经过。首先我们可以在选择一个话题后直接进入主题，表明灾害发生的时间地点和时间，其次进行详细的描述，在灾害发生时的详细描述，包括正在做什么，听到或看到的事情，以及发生了什么事情。要求文章结构条理清晰，上下文意思连贯，句子之间通顺一致，表达符合语法，开头和结尾的句子要简洁而直接切入正题，突出坐着观点或主旨意思，收尾呼应。尽量使用多种句式，灵活多变。 2.常用短语 1.An earthquake/A flood/A snowstorm/...hit/happened... 2.I was doing...when... 3....because of... 4.We could only hear/see... 5....kept falling... 6.Suddenly,... 7.had to... 8....was really terrible 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 记叙作文 话题 描述自然灾害 时态 一般过去时 人称 第一人称 段落布局 1． 引出话题：直接写出自然灾害的时间、 地点、 时间 (可用短语：A/An...happened...on...) 二．发生灾害的详细情况：包括正在做什么， 听到/看到什么，以及发生了什么事情 (可用短语：I was doing ...when...,because of...,we should only hear and see,keep falling ,suddenly ,) 三．自然灾害后的情况及感受(可用短语：was really terrible.) 4.经典例题 中国广东省遭台风(Typhoon)天兔袭击，台风带来了严重的水灾。Mr Lin在水灾中被困于车中，三小时后得救。请你根据下面的图示和提示，完成下面的报道。 高分作文 Typhoon Usagi hit Guangdong in September with a flood following. Many people were trapped in water. Mr Lin was one of them. The storm suddenly hit the city at 3 pm. At that time, Mr Lin was driving home. And half an hour later, his car was trapped in water. Water got into his car. He couldn’t move out and was in danger. Luckily, soldiers were searching for people trapped in water and they found Mr Lin three hours later. Mr Lin felt very cold and the soldiers sent him to hospital. 　如果家里突发火灾,而我们正好在室内,这时我们应该做什么,不应该做什么?请你根据下面的思维导图,以"How to protect ourselves in the fire"为题,写一篇不少于70词的短文,题目和开头已经给出,不计入总词数。短文不能出现真实的姓名和校名。 How to protect ourselves in the fire 　　If a fire happens when we are in the room,   How to protect ourselves in the fire If a fire happens when we are in the room, what should we do? First, we should keep calm. Don't be afraid. Call 119 or open the windows to cry for help. Second, we should find water to make our clothes wet. Cover our mouth and nose with them. We shouldn't let fire burn our clothes. Third, if the light goes out, we should try to feel the door and open it. Take the stairs instead of taking the lift and run downstairs. Finally, we shouldn't jump down from the high windows. Luck will always be with us.  五．阅读拓展 一 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、 B、 C和 D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Long ago, there lived an old clock-maker named Geppetto. “Tick-tick-TOCK Tick-tick TOCK!” went all the 1 in his shop. When Geppetto worked, he felt happy. But when he rested, a 2 feeling came over him. “Ah!” he would think “All my life I have no child for my own!” So, one day Geppetto made a puppet of wood in the shape of a 3 . He made the arms and 4 of the puppet so it could move. He cut and sewed nice clothes for it, as if it were a real boy. “I will call you Pinocchio,” said Geppetto. That night, Geppetto 5 the wooden puppet down onto the bed. Geppetto looked out the window to the star and said, “If I could make one 6 , it would be for a real boy of my own.” But of course, he knew that was not 7 . That night, a Blue Fairy flew over to the bed. “Little wooden puppet,” said the Blue Fairy. “In the morning, you will be able to walk and talk like a real boy.” She tapped the puppet one time with her wand. “And if someday you can 8 that you are brave and true, you may become a real boy.” Pinocchio’s eyes 9 slowly. And with that, the Blue Fairy went swoosh and was gone, out of the window and up into the night sky. When Geppetto woke up the next morning, he said, “I will go take my puppet out of bed.” But the bed was 10 ! “Here I am, Father! ”said Pinocchio from the other side of the room. 1．A．children B．clocks C．toys D．wood 2．A．difficult B．cold C．sad D．strange 3．A．clock B．baby C．star D．boy 4．A．legs B．face C．ears D．body 5．A．threw B．put C．fell D．dropped 6．A．plan B．word C．sentence D．wish 7．A．possible B．good C．bad D．right 8．A．say B．tell C．show D．grow 9．A．shone B．watered C．closed D．opened 10．A．clean B．empty C．dirty D．full 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文介绍孤独的老钟表匠Geppetto想要一个自己的孩子，他用木头做了一个小木偶，为他缝制了衣服，并给他取名Pinocchio。Geppetto对着星星许愿，最后出现了一位蓝仙子赋予了小木偶说话和行走的能力。 1．句意：他店里所有的钟都“滴答、滴答、滴答、滴答!”地走着。 children孩子们；clocks钟表；toys玩具；wood木头。 根据“Tick-tick-TOCK Tick-tick TOCK!”可知，这是钟表的声音，故选B。 2．句意：但当他休息时，一种悲伤的感觉袭上心头。 difficult困难的；cold寒冷的；sad难过的；strange奇怪的。根据“When Geppetto worked, he felt happy.”及But表示转折可知，此处指与以往不同的感觉，结合“All my life I have no child for my own!”可知，应是指悲伤的感觉，故选C。 3．句意：于是，有一天，Geppetto做了一个男孩形状的木偶。 clock钟表；baby婴儿；star星星；boy男孩。根据“if it were a real boy”可知，应是制作了一个男孩样子的木偶，故选D。 4．句意： 他做了木偶的胳膊和腿，这样它就可以动了。 legs腿；face脸；ears耳朵；body身体。 根据“so it could move”可知，为了它能动应该是做了腿，故选A。 5．句意：那天晚上，Geppetto把木偶放在床上。 threw扔；put放；fell跌落；dropped降低。根据“...the wooden puppet down onto the bed”可知，应是把木偶放到床上，故选B。 6．句意：如果我能许一个愿望，我希望有一个真正的男孩。 plan计划；word话语；sentence句子；wish愿望。根据“looked out the window to the star”和“it would be for a real boy of my own”可知，应是对着星星许愿，故选D。 7．句意：当然，他知道那是不可能的。 possible可能的；good好的；bad坏的；right正确的。But表示转折，说明许的愿望是不可能的，故选A。 8．句意：如果有一天你能证明你是勇敢和真诚的，你可能会成为一个真正的男孩。 say说；tell告诉；show表明，证明；grow成长。 根据“you are brave and true”可知，应是证明自己的勇敢和真诚，故选C。 9．句意：Pinocchio慢慢睁开眼睛。 shone发光；watered浇水；closed关闭；opened睁开。上文讲到Pinocchio被施了魔法，结合下文“‘Here I am, Father!’ said Pinocchio from the other side of the room.”可知，Pinocchio不在床上了，所以此处指它睁开了眼睛，故选D。 10．句意：但是床上是空的。 clean干净的；empty空的；dirty脏的；full满的。上文讲到睡觉的时候，Geppetto把木偶放在了床上，But表示转折，结合“said Pinocchio from the other side of the room.”可知，Pinocchio不在床上了，所以床上是空的，故选B。 二 “One of my actors is sick! He has just one line (台词) and you’re the only one who fits his clothes!” One afternoon, the director (导演) of the school drama club suddenly shouted to me. She looked so nervous and worried that I felt sorry for her and said, “OK.” “You will be fine. It’s easy!” she said. But it wasn’t easy at all. On the stage, four other actors and actresses spoke their lines. Suddenly, it was time for my lines. When I opened my mouth, nothing came out. I was very nervous and my body was shaking. I couldn't even breathe! I just wanted to leave. The next thing I knew, I was running off the stage. When I was running off the stage, suddenly I knocked over a glass of grape juice that was on a table. The purple juice hit the girl next to me. She was Andrea, the leading actress of the drama. She gave me a nasty look. I thought she was going to kill me! But then, Andrea quickly said, “Darling, you’re so silly! Let’s drink to my darling’s silliness! Cheers!” She quickly took another glass of grape juice and drank it. The other actors quickly followed Andrea and saved the scene. It seemed that my mistake was part of the play! I said sorry to everyone after the play. However, they were not angry with me. They even asked me to try again. 1．What happened just before the drama play started? A．The writer forgot his line. B．An actor was suddenly sick. C．Andrea drank the grape juice. D．The actor wore wrong clothes. 2．How many actors and actresses were on the stage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．From the passage, we know that Andrea was a ________ actress. A．shy B．strict C．crazy D．smart 4．What will the writer most probably do in the future? A．Join the drama club. B．Be angry with Andrea. C．Stay away from the stage. D．Help Andrea be a director. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个学校话剧社的导演突然找到作者，要作者替代生病的演员表演，作者感到很紧张且忘了台词，但其他演员却以一种巧妙的方式挽救了情况，最终作者得到了其他演员的谅解和鼓励。 1．细节理解题。根据“When I opened my mouth, nothing came out.”可知，话剧开始前，作者忘了台词。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“On the stage, four other actors and actresses spoke their lines.”可知，包括作者台上一共有五位演员。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“But then, Andrea quickly said, ‘Darling, you’re so silly! Let’s drink to my darling’s silliness! Cheers!’ She quickly took another glass of grape juice and drank it. The other actors quickly followed Andrea and saved the scene. It looked that my mistake was part of the play!”可推知，Andrea是一位聪明的女演员。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“They even asked me to try again.”可推知，作者将来可能会加入戏剧俱乐部。故选A。 三 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Once a tortoise (乌龟) and two swans (天鹅) lived on a lake. They were very good friends. They spent many hours 1 each other happily every day. To their bad luck, there was no rain that year. The lake 2 (become) dry. So they had to leave the lake to look for another one to live. The two swans could fly 3 (easy), but for the tortoise it was difficult. The three of them began to think about what to do next. At last, the two swans had 4 idea. They said to the tortoise, “We will put a stick (棍子) in your mouth. We will carry the stick in our 5 (mouth) on either side. This will make us fly together. But remember, you must not open your mouth. 6 you do, you know what will happen to you.” The tortoise was sad to leave the lake, but it agreed to the idea happily. One fine morning, they were flying over a large town. The people in the town 7 (be) surprised at what they saw in the sky. They were very curious (好奇的) about it and 8 (shout) excitedly. The tortoise heard the noise and wondered what it was about. It forgot 9 (it) promise and opened the mouth to ask curiously, “Why is there ...? Ah ...!” Sadly, the tortoise fell down and died. The swans had no way to save it. They were sad to lose their 10 (good) friend in the world but had to fly away and start their new life. Do you know what killed the tortoise? 【答案】1．with 2．became 3．easily 4．an 5．mouths 6．If 7．were 8．shouted 9．its 10．best 【导语】本文主要讲述了两只天鹅和一只乌龟寻找新的栖息地的故事。 1．句意：每天他们花费很多个小时和彼此在一起。根据“each other happily every day.”可知，此处指的是和彼此在一起。故填with。 2．句意：湖开始变干。根据“To their bad luck, there was no rain that year.”可知，此处是一般过去时，应用动词过去式。故填became。 3．句意：两只天鹅可以容易地飞行。根据“The two swans could fly...”可知，此处修饰动词应用副词。故填easily。 4．句意：两只天鹅有了一个主意。根据“At last, the two swans had ... idea.”可知，此处泛指一个主意，idea以元音音素开头，此处应用an。故填an。 5．句意：我们将把棍子衔在嘴里的一边。根据“We will carry the stick in our...”可知，此处应用名词复数。故填mouths。 6．句意：如果你这么做了，你知道会发生什么。根据“...you do, you know what will happen to you”可知，此处指的是如果你这么做了，if引导条件状语从句。故填If。 7．句意：镇上的人对他们在天空中看到的东西感到惊讶。根据“One fine morning, they were flying over a large town.”可知，此处是一般过去时，主语The people是复数，be动词也用复数形式。故填were。 8．句意：他们对此很好奇，兴奋地喊了起来。根据“They were very curious(好奇的) about it and...excitedly”可知，此处是一般过去时，应用动词的过去式。故填shouted。 9．句意：它忘记了它的承诺。根据“It forgot...promise and opened the mouth to ask curiously”可知，此处修饰名词，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 10．句意：他们失去了世界上最好的朋友非常伤心。根据“friend in the world”可知，此处范围大于三者，应用形容词的最高级。故填best。 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 考点拓展4& 非谓语动词 &写作指导 （自然灾害） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 8 四．写作考点 15 五．阅读拓展 17 一．词汇拓展 1．foggy adj． 有雾的，多雾的 → n雾，烟雾 2．rainy adj． 有雨的 → n．雨，下雨 3．snowy adj． 有雪的 → n．雪，下雪 4．cloud n． 云 → adj．多云的，阴天的 5．wind n． 风 → adj．有风的 6．sleepy adj． 困倦的 → n．& vi．睡觉 7．shine n． 光亮，光泽 → adj．光亮的，反光的 → vi．照射 8．sudden adj． 突然的 → adv．突然地 9．frozen adj． 结冰的 → vt．&vi．使……结冰，冷冻 10．exciting adj． 激动人心的 → adj兴奋的，激动的 → vt．使……兴奋 → n． 兴奋 11．loud adj． 响亮的，大声的 → adv．大声地 12．shake vi．& vt摇动，震动 → n．摇动，震动 → n．摇动，震动 13．silent adj寂静的 → n．寂静，沉默 14．trapped adj困住的 → vt．使陷入困境 → n．陷阱 15．safe adj安全的 → n．安全 16．asleep adj睡着的 → vi． 睡觉”．睡眠 → adj．困倦的 → adj睡着的 17．burn n． 烧伤，烫伤 → vt．& vi．燃烧，烧毁 → adj． 燃烧的 18．clear vt． 清除，清理 → adj．清楚的，清澈的 二．考点拓展 考点1 rise的用法 The leaves turn green and the temperature rises quickly. 树叶变绿而且温度迅速上升。 易混词 意义及用法 常见搭配 rise vi.（rose） 指气温、体温、价格、水位、日月星辰等的“上升，升起”，无被动语态 the sun rises太阳升起，the  price rises价格升高，the  temperature rises温度升高 raise vt.（raised） 意为“增加，提高（数量、水平等）” raise salaries/prices/taxes提高 薪水/价格/税金 raise vt.（raised） 意为“提升，举起，升起”，发出此动作的通常是人，如抬头、举手等 raise the gun 拿起枪 raise one’s hand 举手 raise the weight举重 意为“饲养，培育，种植” raise cattle/corn养牛/种植玉米 意为“筹集，招募”时，相当于collect raise money筹钱 raise an army组建一支部队 1. Luckily no one was hurt in the snowstorm， but the smoke from the snow （升起） straightly up in the air. 2. The river has （rise） after the heavy rain， and he had to ⁠（raise） the box in his hand. 3. I will （筹足够的钱） for my exciting holiday. 考点2. loud的用法 Can you speak louder please？ 请你大点声说话好吗？ 易混词 意义及用法 常搭配的词 loud 作形容词，意为“大声的，响亮的” speak、 talk、 sing、  laugh等 作副词，意为“大声地，响亮地”，强调声音响亮，有比较等级的形式 aloud 是副词，意为“大声地，出声地”，强调能让人听得见，没有比较等级 read、 think等 loudly 是副词，意为“大声地，响亮地”，有时可与loud互换，但含有“吵闹”之意 ring、knock等 loud， loudly， aloud In the station， a child suddenly speak ① ， “I can’t find my parents！” An attendant heard and replied ② ， guiding the child to the missing parents. The child’s voice， though ③ ， was not stopped， as it was a call for help. 考点3.How’s the weather （in＋地点）？ （某地）天气怎么样？ How’s the weather in Nanjing？ 南京的天气怎么样？ “How’s the weather （in＋地点）？” 意为“（某地）天气怎么样？”，常用来询问天气情况，相当于“What’s the weather like （in＋地点）？”。其答语为“It’s＋表示天气的形容词（sunny/rainy/windy/snowy/…）.”。 1. － is the weather in Xinghua today？ I want to drive there this afternoon for sights. －There is too much  here. You may come next week； it’ll be sunny then. A. How；rainier B. What；rain C. How；rain D. What；rainier 考点4.This is sb speaking. 我是某人。（打电话用语） 请某人接电话用语 Hello！ May / Could I speak to…？ 你好！我可以与……通话吗？ Hello！ Is…in？ 你好，……在吗？ Is that…（speaking）？ 你是……吗？ 接电话人的应答语 Hello！ This is…（speaking）.你好，我是……。 让对方稍等的用语 Hold on （for a moment）， please.请稍等，别挂断。 表示对方找的人不在或请对方留言用语 He isn’t here at the moment.他现在不在这儿。 Sorry， he isn’t in. 对不起，他不在。 Sorry， he is out. 对不起，他出去了。 Can I take a message for him？我能给他带个口信吗？ 1. This is Han Mei （speak）. What is that？ 2. －Hello， who’s that speaking？ － . A. This is Jim speaking B. I’m Mike C. That’s Jane D. She is Nancy 考点5.beat的用法 I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast.我感到紧张，而且我的心脏跳得很快。 易混词 意义及用法 hit（hit，hit） 表示对准某一目标去“打，碰撞” beat（beat，beaten） 表示“（使）规律作响，作节奏运动” 表示娱乐场合或比赛中“打败，战胜”，宾语通常是对手 win （won，won） 意为“获胜，赢得”，宾语通常是比赛或奖项 win， hit， beat In the local tennis tournament， Mike ① the ball with precision， ② his opponent in straight sets. The crowd cheered as he ③ the match， having never been ④ in this court before. 考点6.asleep的用法 Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 地震发生时蒂米正在睡觉。 易混词 意义及用法 常见搭配 asleep 作形容词，意为“睡着的”，常作表语或宾语补足 语，其反义词是awake fall asleep入睡，睡着了 be asleep睡着 sleep 作动词，意为“睡觉” sleep ell/deeply/soundly/badly  睡得好；沉睡；酣睡；睡得 不好 sleep 作名词，意为“睡觉，睡眠” go to sleep去睡觉 sleepy 作形容词，意为“瞌睡的，欲睡的，困乏的”，表示没睡着，常作表语或定语 a sleepy child打瞌睡的孩子 feel sleepy犯困 sleeping 作形容词，意为“睡着的”，常作表语或定语，放 在所修饰词前 sleeping bags睡袋 sleep， sleepy， asleep 　Last night， after a long day of work， I felt exactly ① and tired. I went to bed early and quickly fell ② . Throughout the night， I ③ soundly， undisturbed by any dreams or noises. Waking up the next morning， I felt fully rested and ready for the day ahead. 三．语法考点 非谓语动词 01 考标导向化 近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语，动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语，及个别分词的用法。预计年中考对非谓语动词的考查，不定式仍是考查的热点。我们应该牢固掌握一些动词固定搭配的用法。 02 概念清晰化 非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。 考点一 动词不定式 功能 例句 主语 To speak English well isn’t an easy job. 宾语 They decided to change their mind. 宾语补足语 He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day. 定语 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 表语 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children. 状语 目的 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. 结果 He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside. 1.不定式作宾语 (1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗? (2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如： I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。 (3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式： why not do…，had better(not) do…，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do… I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 2.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他将收音机的音量调低。 tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们工作了一整夜。 3.不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如： There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 特殊结构的不定式 结构 例句 too…to结构 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. not+不定式 The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road. 疑问词+不定式 作主语 How to solve the problem is very important. 作宾语 He didn’t know what to say. 作表语 The question is where to find the water. for+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is necessary for us to learn from each other. of+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is very kind of you to help me with my English. 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful. →It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生要做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go) 考点二 动词-ing形式 功能 例句 主语 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous. 宾语 I finished doing my homework. 表语 The nurse’s job is looking after the patients. 定语 She is reading in the reading room. 宾语补足语 He kept the machine running for ten hours. 状语 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 1.英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词有：finish(完成),mind(介意),be worth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(练习),have fun(玩得高兴),feel like(想要),be used to(习惯于),consider(考虑),enjoy(喜欢)。 2.主语+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等)+to do sth.如： I’m glad to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。 I’m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我感到遗憾。 3.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析： (1)stop doing/stop to do stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事 (2)forget doing/forget to do forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做) forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做) (3)remember doing/remember to do remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做) remember to do sth.记着去做某事(事情没做) (4)try doing/try to do try doing sth.尝试着去做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事 (5)go on doing/go on to do go on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情 go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事 (6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth. allow doing sth.允许做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 (7)regret doing/regret to do regret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做) regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) (8)mean doing/mean to do mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算、想做某事 考点三 动词的过去分词 功能 例句 表语 The door remained locked. 定语 The building built last year is now a department store. 宾语补足语 I heard my name called. 状语 Heated water changes into steam. 英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如： She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态) 1.过去分词用在get,have,make 的后面。 注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况： A)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如： I have had my bike repaired.我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。 B)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。 2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如： I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。 3.过去分词用在感官动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等后面。如： When we got to school,we saw the door locked.到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。 4.过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如： The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。 5.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别: 现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补:表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如： He didn’t notice me waiting.他没有注意到我正在等。 I heard the song sung in English.我听见这首歌被用英语唱了。 I saw him opening the window.我看见他正在开窗户。 I saw the window opened.我看见窗户被开了。 I saw him open the window.我看见他开了窗户。 I heard her sing the song in English.我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。 一.单项选择。 1．— How about going hiking this weekend? — Sorry. I prefer ______ rather than ______. A．to stay at home；go out B．to go out；stay at home C．staying at home；go out D．going out；stay at home 2．— Could you tell me how to improve spoken English? — Well, just take every chance to practice ______ and don’t be shy. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke 3. He pretended ______ me when he walked by. A．not see B．not to see C．don't see D．to not see 4．Listen! There must be someone ______ through the jungle. A．trek B．treking C．trekking D. to trek 5．She writes slowly so she has trouble ______ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D. took 6．My English teacher is easy ______ so we all like her. A．to get along with B. get along with C．to get along D. getting along with 7． Peter is busy ________ at school，but he never forgets ________ exercise every day． A．working；doing B．working；to do C．at work；doing 8．I saw a UFO ________ on the square in my dream． A．to drop B．land C．wear D．to fly 9．Tom’s mother asked him ________ some washing after dinner． A．to do B．does C．do D．did 10．—Do you like playing the piano? —Yes，but I don’t know ________ play it well． A．what B．how C．what to D．how to 11． He made some toys ________ his little son． A．please B．to please C．pleasing D．pleased 12．Teenagers should not ______. A．allowed to drive B．be allow to driving C．be allowed driving D．be allowed to drive 13．I’m very ______ and I really need an ______ vacation. A．tired, exciting B．tired, excited C．tiring, exciting D．tiring, excited 14．He's very good at English. He spends most of his free time ______ new words. A．remember B．remembering C．remembers D．remembered 15．— When are you leaving for the concert? — I'm not sure. I haven't finished ______ the dishes. A．Do B．to do C．doing D．done 16．— Why did you buy a radio? — ______ English. A．Learn B．Learning C．To learn D．Be learning 17．The best way to learn English is ______ you ______ in an English-speaking environment. A．let; live B．to let; to live C．letting; living D．to let, live 18．The boy is often seen ______ play basketball after school. A．play B．to play C．to playing D．played 二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Jenny saw a wallet ______（lie）on the ground. 2. The heavy snow stopped them from______(go)out for a walk the day before yesterday. 3. Don’t you hear someone ______(sing) in the next room? 4. The little girl really feels like_______(eat)eggs. 5. Keep ______(try).You are sure to get a good result. 6. Lily finished ______(read) the book yesterday. 7. Mr Lee made us ______(laugh) 8. —The children should be told _____(not break) the traffic rules. —That’s right. 9. He found it hard ____(catch) up with his classmates ,because all his classmates worked very hard. 10. This is the best way _____(work) out this problem. 四．写作考点 如何描述自然灾害的作文 1.话题分析 本单元话题“自然灾害”，Task写作部分要求描述一个自己经历过或听说过的自然灾害。叙述自然灾害发生的经过。首先我们可以在选择一个话题后直接进入主题，表明灾害发生的时间地点和时间，其次进行详细的描述，在灾害发生时的详细描述，包括正在做什么，听到或看到的事情，以及发生了什么事情。要求文章结构条理清晰，上下文意思连贯，句子之间通顺一致，表达符合语法，开头和结尾的句子要简洁而直接切入正题，突出坐着观点或主旨意思，收尾呼应。尽量使用多种句式，灵活多变。 2.常用短语 1.An earthquake/A flood/A snowstorm/...hit/happened... 2.I was doing...when... 3....because of... 4.We could only hear/see... 5....kept falling... 6.Suddenly,... 7.had to... 8....was really terrible 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 记叙作文 话题 描述自然灾害 时态 一般过去时 人称 第一人称 段落布局 1． 引出话题：直接写出自然灾害的时间、 地点、 时间 (可用短语：A/An...happened...on...) 二．发生灾害的详细情况：包括正在做什么， 听到/看到什么，以及发生了什么事情 (可用短语：I was doing ...when...,because of...,we should only hear and see,keep falling ,suddenly ,) 三．自然灾害后的情况及感受(可用短语：was really terrible.) 4.经典例题 中国广东省遭台风(Typhoon)天兔袭击，台风带来了严重的水灾。Mr Lin在水灾中被困于车中，三小时后得救。请你根据下面的图示和提示，完成下面的报道。 高分作文 　如果家里突发火灾,而我们正好在室内,这时我们应该做什么,不应该做什么?请你根据下面的思维导图,以"How to protect ourselves in the fire"为题,写一篇不少于70词的短文,题目和开头已经给出,不计入总词数。短文不能出现真实的姓名和校名。 How to protect ourselves in the fire 　　If a fire happens when we are in the room,   五．阅读拓展 一 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、 B、 C和 D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Long ago, there lived an old clock-maker named Geppetto. “Tick-tick-TOCK Tick-tick TOCK!” went all the 1 in his shop. When Geppetto worked, he felt happy. But when he rested, a 2 feeling came over him. “Ah!” he would think “All my life I have no child for my own!” So, one day Geppetto made a puppet of wood in the shape of a 3 . He made the arms and 4 of the puppet so it could move. He cut and sewed nice clothes for it, as if it were a real boy. “I will call you Pinocchio,” said Geppetto. That night, Geppetto 5 the wooden puppet down onto the bed. Geppetto looked out the window to the star and said, “If I could make one 6 , it would be for a real boy of my own.” But of course, he knew that was not 7 . That night, a Blue Fairy flew over to the bed. “Little wooden puppet,” said the Blue Fairy. “In the morning, you will be able to walk and talk like a real boy.” She tapped the puppet one time with her wand. “And if someday you can 8 that you are brave and true, you may become a real boy.” Pinocchio’s eyes 9 slowly. And with that, the Blue Fairy went swoosh and was gone, out of the window and up into the night sky. When Geppetto woke up the next morning, he said, “I will go take my puppet out of bed.” But the bed was 10 ! “Here I am, Father! ”said Pinocchio from the other side of the room. 1．A．children B．clocks C．toys D．wood 2．A．difficult B．cold C．sad D．strange 3．A．clock B．baby C．star D．boy 4．A．legs B．face C．ears D．body 5．A．threw B．put C．fell D．dropped 6．A．plan B．word C．sentence D．wish 7．A．possible B．good C．bad D．right 8．A．say B．tell C．show D．grow 9．A．shone B．watered C．closed D．opened 10．A．clean B．empty C．dirty D．full 、二 “One of my actors is sick! He has just one line (台词) and you’re the only one who fits his clothes!” One afternoon, the director (导演) of the school drama club suddenly shouted to me. She looked so nervous and worried that I felt sorry for her and said, “OK.” “You will be fine. It’s easy!” she said. But it wasn’t easy at all. On the stage, four other actors and actresses spoke their lines. Suddenly, it was time for my lines. When I opened my mouth, nothing came out. I was very nervous and my body was shaking. I couldn't even breathe! I just wanted to leave. The next thing I knew, I was running off the stage. When I was running off the stage, suddenly I knocked over a glass of grape juice that was on a table. The purple juice hit the girl next to me. She was Andrea, the leading actress of the drama. She gave me a nasty look. I thought she was going to kill me! But then, Andrea quickly said, “Darling, you’re so silly! Let’s drink to my darling’s silliness! Cheers!” She quickly took another glass of grape juice and drank it. The other actors quickly followed Andrea and saved the scene. It seemed that my mistake was part of the play! I said sorry to everyone after the play. However, they were not angry with me. They even asked me to try again. 1．What happened just before the drama play started? A．The writer forgot his line. B．An actor was suddenly sick. C．Andrea drank the grape juice. D．The actor wore wrong clothes. 2．How many actors and actresses were on the stage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．From the passage, we know that Andrea was a ________ actress. A．shy B．strict C．crazy D．smart 4．What will the writer most probably do in the future? A．Join the drama club. B．Be angry with Andrea. C．Stay away from the stage. D．Help Andrea be a director. 、三 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Once a tortoise (乌龟) and two swans (天鹅) lived on a lake. They were very good friends. They spent many hours 1 each other happily every day. To their bad luck, there was no rain that year. The lake 2 (become) dry. So they had to leave the lake to look for another one to live. The two swans could fly 3 (easy), but for the tortoise it was difficult. The three of them began to think about what to do next. At last, the two swans had 4 idea. They said to the tortoise, “We will put a stick (棍子) in your mouth. We will carry the stick in our 5 (mouth) on either side. This will make us fly together. But remember, you must not open your mouth. 6 you do, you know what will happen to you.” The tortoise was sad to leave the lake, but it agreed to the idea happily. One fine morning, they were flying over a large town. The people in the town 7 (be) surprised at what they saw in the sky. They were very curious (好奇的) about it and 8 (shout) excitedly. The tortoise heard the noise and wondered what it was about. It forgot 9 (it) promise and opened the mouth to ask curiously, “Why is there ...? Ah ...!” Sadly, the tortoise fell down and died. The swans had no way to save it. They were sad to lose their 10 (good) friend in the world but had to fly away and start their new life. Do you know what killed the tortoise? 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$