专题03 考点拓展3& 动词时态 &写作指导（旅行游记）-【寒假】2025年八年级英语寒假学习讲义（译林版）

专题03 考点拓展3& 动词时态 &写作指导（旅行游记） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 7 四．写作考点 13 五．阅读拓展 15 一．词汇拓展 1．die vi．死 → adj．死的 → n．死，死亡 2．mean vt．意思是，意味着 → n．意思 → adj．有意义的 → adj．无意义的 3．sadly adv．令人遗憾地；伤心地 → adj．伤心的，难过的 → n．伤心，悲伤 4．danger n．危险 → adj．危险的 5．action n．行动；行为 → vt．& vi．行动，表演 → adj．积极的，活跃的 → adv．积极地，活跃地 6． closed adj．关闭的 → vt．＆vi．关，关闭 → adj．紧密的，亲密的 → adv．紧密地 7．lost adj．迷路的，迷失的 → vt．遗失，失去 8．1iving n．生存，生计 → adj．活的，现存的 → vi． 居住，生活 9．illness n．疾病 → adj． 生病的 10．slowly adv．缓慢地 → adj．缓慢的 11．rare adj．罕见的，稀有的 → adv． 很少地 12．nature n．大自然，自然界 → adj． 自然的 13．cover n．庇护所 → vt．& vi． 覆盖；包括 14．easily adv 容易地，不费力地 → adj．容易的 15．fish vi 捕鱼；钓鱼 → n． 鱼 → n．渔民，钓鱼的人 16．society n．协会，社会 → adj．社会的 17．tourist n．旅行者，观光者 → vt．& vi．旅行，旅游 → n．旅行 18．importance n．重要性 → adj．重要的 19．clearly adv．清晰地 → adj． 清楚的，清澈的 → vt．清除 20．application n．申请 → vt．& vi．申请 二．考点拓展 考点1 none的用法 If we do nothing， soon there may be none left！ 如果我们什么都不做，可能很快就无一剩存了！ 易混词 意义及用法 none 意为“没有一个（人或物）”，可与of连用。常用于回答how many或how much引导的疑问句 nobody/ no one 意为“没有人”，其后不能与of连用。常用于回答who引导的疑问句 nothing 意为“没有东西/事情”，其后不能与of连用。常用于回答what引导的疑问句 none of与不可数名词连用时，谓语动词要用单数形式；与可数名词复数连用时， 谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 1. －How many presents did you get from your parents on your birthday？ － . I got  except “Happy birthday” from them. A. None；nothing B. Nothing；none C. None；none D. Nothing；nothing 2.The new movie is about hunting wild animals. （没有人喜欢这部新电影）. 3. －How many students attended the movie event？ － （没有一个）. 4. In fact，none of us （get） the gift. 考点2 accept的用法 We hope you can accept our invitation and join us. 我们希望你们能接受我们的邀请并加入我们中来。 易混词汇 意义及用法 accept 是主观上的“接受，收受”，有满意或承认的意味，其反义词是refuse receive 是指客观上的“收到”，多指具体的东西，如信件、礼物等 1. 她收到了你的邀请，但她拒绝接受它。 She your invitation， but she refused to it. 考点3.It is ＋adj. ＋for sb＋to do sth对某人来说做某事是……的 For example， it is very difficult for pandas to have babies， …例如，熊猫很难孕育幼仔 It is＋adj.＋to do sth意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。 在该结构中，有时在to do sth前加上for/of sb，sb是动词不定式（短语）的逻辑主语。其用法如下： 1. It is easy for people （travel） around Huai’an by tram （有轨电车）. 2. 对我们来说，学好每门学科都很重要。 考点4.as a result结果 As a result， pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat. 因 此，大熊猫可能无处栖息，无以为食。 1. Liu Tao got 70 scores （由于粗心） in the examination. 考点5 nature的用法 Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North－east China.扎龙自然保护区位于中国东北地区的黑龙江省。 1. We enjoyed the beauty of （大自然） all the way. 2. Millie is interested in Biology and she often records the （nature） beauty in her daily life. 3. It is important that he should act as （nature） as possible. 考点6.provide的用法 The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 该地区为大量的野生动物提供了食物和庇护所。 易混词 意义 用法 provide 指有远见，并通过储存或准 备的方式为某事准备，以在 需要时提供所需物品 provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb为某人提供某物 offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”，主 动提出 offer sb sth/offer sth to sb给某人提供某物；offer to do sth主动提出做某事 give 表示“给予，给” give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物 provide， give， offer There is a new library in my town. It ① free access to many books， such as tour and nature. It not only ② readers a quiet space for studying， but also ③ all its visitors with assistance from knowledgeable staff. We all like this new library. 考点7.in order to 以便，为的是 Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想把湿地变小，为的是有更多的空间去建农场和楼房。 in order表示“按次序，按顺序”时，相当于 in the correct order；out of order意为 “不按顺序”。 1. In order for the meeting， my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late 考点8.see sb do sth看见某人做某事 She saw a baby panda drink her mother’s milk. 她看见一只熊猫宝宝吃母乳。 英语中有类似这种用法的感官动词还有：hear、 listen to、 look at、 watch、 feel、 notice等。 1. I saw him （record） the change of sky’s colour at that time yesterday. 2. She likes to watch children （introduce） themselves easily in front of the classroom. 三．语法考点 动词的时态 考点一 一般现在时 基本结构 ①be动词形式;②实义动词形式 常见时 间状语 表频率的副词often、 always、 usually、 sometimes等;表频率的词(组)once (twice、 three times a day/week/...)等;every day (week, month, year...)、 on Sunday等常用词组 高频 考点 ①当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,其谓语动词也要变成第三人称单数,通常在词尾加-s或-es;②由that引导的宾语从句,若从句表达的是客观真理、客观事实或自然现象等,从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: My father goes to work by bike every day. 我爸爸每天骑自行车去上班。 My father told me that one and one is two. 我爸爸告诉我一加一等于二。 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词的变化形式 ①在动词原形后加-s。如:play/plays, like/likes, work/works... ②以s、 x、 o或ch、 sh结尾的动词,在词尾加-es。如:do/does, go/goes, teach/teaches, wash/washes... ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。如:carry/carries, study/studies... ④以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-s。如:stay/stays, play/plays 考点二 一般过去时 1.定义:一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.常见的时间状语:yesterday、 just now、 the day before yesterday、 ...ago、 last week(month, night, year...)、 one day、 long long ago、 once upon a time、 after+时间段、 in 1982、 the other day等。 3.高频考点:一般过去时与表示过去的时间状语连用,表示过去发生的动作;一般过去时与过去进行时的辨析。例如: —Where did you go just now? 刚才你去哪了? —I went to the park with my mother. 我和我妈妈去公园了。 I was doing homework at eight last night. 昨晚八点钟我正在做家庭作业。 4.动词过去式的规则变化。 一“直” 一般情况下,在动词原形末尾直接加-ed,如:play/played, look/looked... 二“去” 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ed,如:live/lived, use/used... 三“双” 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop/stopped, plan/planned... 四“改” 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”再加-ed,如:study/studied, worry/worried... 5.不规则动词的过去式的构成。 (1)动词原形中的“i”变为“a”,构成过去式。如:begin/began, give/gave, ring/rang, sit/sat, drink/drank, swim/swam。 (2)动词原形中的开音节“i”变为“o”,构成过去式。如:write/wrote, drive/drove, ride/rode。 (3)动词原形中的“e”变为“o”,构成过去式。如:get/got, forget/forgot。 (4)动词原形中的“ee”变为“e”,构成过去式。如:meet/met, feed/fed。 (5)动词原形中的“eep”变为“ept”,构成过去式,可巧记为“加t去e”。如:keep/kept, sleep/slept, sweep/swept。 (6)动词原形中的“d”变为“t”,构成过去式,可巧记为“变d为t”。如:build/built, lend/lent, send/sent, spend/spent。 (7)动词原形中的“o”变为“a”,构成过去式。如:come/came, become/became。 (8)动词原形中的“an”变为“oo”,构成过去式。如:stand/stood, understand/understood。 (9)动词原形中的“ell”变为“old”,构成过去式。如:tell/told, sell/sold。 (10)动词原形中的“eak”变为“oke”,构成过去式。如:speak/spoke, break/broke。 (11)动词原形中的“aw/ow”变为“ew”,构成过去式。如:draw/drew, grow/grew, throw/threw, know/knew。 (12)以-ought, -aught结尾,构成过去式。如:think/thought, fight/fought, bring/brought, buy/bought, teach/taught, catch/caught。 (13)以字母t或d结尾的动词,其过去式与原形一样,可巧记为“六t二d”。如:put, let, hit, hurt, cost, cut, read, rid。 考点三 一般将来时 基本 结构 ①am/is/are going to +动词原形;②shall/will +动词原形;③be about to+动词原形;④be to+动词原形 时间 状语 tomorrow (morning...), the day after tomorrow, next day (month, week, summer...), soon, from now on, in + 时间段(如in a week, in three days...), after + 时间点等 高频 考点 ①when或if引导的状语从句,其主句常用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;②arrive、 come、 go、 leave、 start等少数动词的现在进行时并不表示正在进行的动作,而是表示将来的动作或表示近期安排好将进行的动作。例如: I am not going to watch TV this evening. I'm going to see the film instead. 今天晚上我不打算看电视,而是去看电影。 We are leaving for London tomorrow. 我们打算明天去伦敦。 考点四 现在进行时 1.基本结构:主语+be动词(is/am/are)+动词-ing形式。 2.用于现在进行时的时间状语:now、 at the moment、 at this time、 these days等,有时句首也会有“Look!”或“Listen!”等提示词。 3.高频考点:通过上下文的情境确定某一动作正在进行。例如: Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园里放风筝。 4.动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 小贴士: 现在分词有规律,动词后面是-ing。遇到词尾哑音-e,去e再加-ing。一辅重读闭音节,双写之后添上去。-ie换y有几例,特殊词语特殊记。 五．过去进行时 基本结构 主语+was/were +doing 常见时 间状语 at 7 o'clock yesterday morning, at this time of yesterday, at that time, from 8 to 10 last night,等表示过去的比较具体的时间状语 高频考点 过去进行时常常与when或while引导的时间状语从句连用。while只能表示一段时间,其中从句的谓语动词应该是延续性动词;when既可表示一段时间,又可表示一个时间点。例如: The teacher came into the classroom when (while) we were drawing pictures.当我们在画画时,老师走进了教室。 一.单项选择。 1. —Mum, I can't find my shoes. —Hurry up! Your father _______ for us. A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait 2. —Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? —Yes. I _______ there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was 3．—Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend? —Cindy? Never! She ______driving． A．has hated B．hated C．will hate D．hates 4．—What do you think of the film “Avatar” ? —It’s fantastic．The only pity is that I________ the beginning of it． A．missed B．was missing C．miss D．will miss 5. Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle ____ him last month. A. gives B. gave C. to give D. has given 6. Don’t make so much noise. The students ______ an English class. A. are having B. have C. had D. were having 7. I ______ with some friends until I find a flat. A. am living B. live C. have lived D. will have lived 8. You ____ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch　 B. are always watching C. have always watched D. has always been watching 9. I have no idea what ____ while I was asleep. A. has happened B. was happened　 C. will happen D. happened 10. — Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. — You ______ something. A. have left B. are always leaving　 C. are leaving　 D. always left 11. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me. A. are writing　 B. will write　 C. has written D. write 12. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played　 D. play 13. The sky is very dark now. I’m afraid it _________. A. rains B. is going to rain C. is about raining　 D. it would rain 14. —Is this raincoat yours? —No, mine ________ there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hung　 C. is hanging　 D. hung 15. I ________ here until you give me some money. A. leave　 B. will leave C. shall leave D. won’t leave 16.— Has he seen this film? —Yes. He _______ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing 17. Our teacher told us that the earth _______ from west to east. A. turns　 B. turn C. has turned D. had turned 18. Hurry up, or you ______ late for the meeting. A. are. B. will be C. were D. would be 19. —What’s his brother?　 —He is a teacher. He _______ maths at a school. A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach 20. I don’t remember when and where I _______ this umbrella. A. buy B. have bought C. will buy D. bought 二. 用括号所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I’m going to listen to the radio. Please _______ (not talk) any more. 2. The students _______ (do) their homework from four to five this afternoon. It’s three now. 3. I’ll tell him about it when he _______ (come) back. 4. A new teacher _______ (give) the students an English lesson now. 5. My mother often ________ (watch) TV once a week. 6. I won’t go out until I _______ (finish) my homework. 7. Who _______ (teach) you English last term？ 8. This coat is very cheap. I _______ (take) it. 9. The plane _______ (arrive) in twenty minutes. 10. There _______ (be) two meetings tomorrow morning. 三、语篇填空 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 A 　　A woman 1.　 　 (come) home to find her husband in the kitchen.He 2.　 　 (be) shaking wildly from side to side.Then the woman noticed that he 3.　 　 (be) standing with one hand on the cooker! Naturally she thought her husband 4.　 　 (have) touched the electricity.To pull him away from the cooker, she hit his arm with a piece of wood.“What did you 5.　 　 (do) that for?” he cried in pain.“I was making some tea, and dancing to rock music on my music player!”  B Fredette is a high school student.Every day she 1.　 　 (have) a lot of things to deal with (处理).Ten years ago she 2.　 　 (set) up her own organization, Beary Merry Christmas.Since then she 3.　 　 (have) volunteered to serve poor kids and families.Fredette and other volunteers 4.　 　 (have) already done many good and useful things.  Fredette has made future plans already.In the future,they will build a public food bank.They will 5.　 　 (provide) a self-development class for the students in her school who will soon go into college.  四．写作考点 如何写有关计划外出旅行的文章 1.话题分析 本单元的话题是“一日游”.Task 写作部分要求写自己邀请别人进行一次外出旅游的文章。写作时，要交代邀请的目的、制定的计划(包括几点出发、旅途需要多长时间、何时何地吃饭、何时返回等)及没人旅行所需的费用等。 注意：文章要符合书信的格式，同时内容要清楚、语言要精炼。 2.常用写作句型 1.We are planning a day out on... 2.This is the plan for the day. 3.We will meet at... 4.We will take the underground /bus to... 5.It will take about...per person. 6.We will walk to... 7.We will see/visit... 8.We will go back to...by underground/bus 9.The cost is about...per person. 10.We hope you can join us. 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 应用文 话题 计划外出旅游 时态 一般将来时 人称 第一人称 段落布局 1、 开头：计划外出旅游的原因、人物、时间、地点 (可用短语：Planing a day out...the palace Museum and Moonlight shopping Mall on...) 2、 旅游过程：(详细信息) 早上 1、集合(可用短语：at 8 a.m at Sunshine Town Undergroudn Sation) 2、出游方式(可用短语：take the underground) 3、活动(可用短语：visit different places) 午后 1.出游方式、地点(可用短语：take a bus to Moonlight Shopping Mall) 2.活动(可用短语：go around the shops) 晚饭 1.离开(可用短语：...leave...) 2.费用(可用短语：...about ¥50 per person) 三、提出邀请：(可用短语：I hope that all of you can come.) 3..经典例题 假如你是桑迪，你的笔友米莉将要回英国，你打算为他计划一次外出旅行，同时也想邀请你的朋友和同学一起参加，倾斜一封信邀请他们。 高分作文 Dear classmates, Best wishes Sandy 英语课上,同学们正在分享假期旅行的经历,请你根据下面的思维导图与同学们分享一下你的暑假之旅! 要求: 1.短文需包含以上所有要点,要求语句通顺、意思连贯,可适当增加细节; 2.词数不少于70(文章开头已给出,不计入总词数); 3.不得出现真实的姓名、校名等个人信息。 Last summer vacation, I had a wonderful time in Beijing. 、五．阅读拓展 一 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Do you have trouble remembering things? Do you want to know how to improve your 1 ? Human brain is very small and 2 . It is only 2% of our total body weight, but it needs about 20% of the oxygen that the body takes in. We can think 3 if our brains get enough oxygen. So we should always make sure there’s enough oxygen in the air when we need to remember something. Besides, what else can we do to improve our memory? Here are some   4 . First, try to get enough 5 . Our memory works well after we have a good rest. If we want to remember something, make sure we have enough sleep every day. Second, if we have to remember something big, break it down into small parts. It’s 6 to remember 198756430387 if we break it into four small parts: 198-756-430-387. Third, don’t get angry if we are not able to remember some information. Just do something to 7 ourselves like listening to music, watching a movie and so on. Later, we can try again. Last but not least, make up an interesting story. If we want to remember a shopping list with bread, fruits, a coat, oil and a notebook, just make up a story with them. For example, Lisa felt hungry and 8 some bread. She opened the fridge, but only found some fruits. So she put on her coat and planned to go to the supermarket. Unluckily, she tripped over (被绊倒) a bottle of 9 and found her lost notebook under the sofa. If we follow the advice, we will 10 how good our memory is. So let’s try to improve our memory together! 1．A．body B．memory C．skill D．health 2．A．heavy B．short C．light D．long 3．A．clearly B．hardly C．slowly D．quietly 4．A．suggestions B．conversations C．introductions D．discussions 5．A．food B．water C．sleep D．air 6．A．easier B．harder C．earlier D．sillier 7．A．stop B．relax C．remember D．check 8．A．cared for B．gave up C．looked for D．took out 9．A．wine B．oil C．water D．milk 10．A．be angry at B．be provided with C．be surprised at D．be tired of 、二 THE PLANT WORLD There are more than 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings; others are as small as rice. Plants are key parts of the food circle. They play an important part in the nature because they give out oxygen—the gas that all animals need for breathing. What is a plant? Most people have no difficulty finding the differences between an animal and a plant. That is because animals can move around, but plants can’t. What makes a plant a plant? Like animals, plants are living things that are made up of lots of cells (细胞). Unlike animals, plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用). Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves, and most plants reproduce by growing flowers and making seeds. All plants need energy to stay alive and grow, and they get it from sunlight instead of food. How does a plant grow? Most animals grow in a certain way, and genes control their growth. That is to say, even when they are small, it’s easy to know what they will look like after they grow up. Plants are different. Their growth is controlled by genes too, but their final shape also depends on where they live. For example, a tree can be big and round if it grows up in an open space, but much taller and thinner if it grows in the woods with other trees all around. Plants are unable to move from one environment to another, so it is important that they are able to get used to the environment. 1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Number of plants. B．Different sizes of plants. C．Importance of plants. D．Parts of plants. 2．What method does the author use to describe the plants in paragraph 2? A．By comparing. B．By giving examples. C．By giving numbers. D．By telling stories. 3．What can we know about plants from the passage? A．Flower and seed are the most important parts of a plant. B．Plants and animals grow in the same way. C．Only environment controls the plants’ growth. D．It’s important for the plants to get used to the environment. 4．Where can we most probably read the passage? A．In an advertisement. B．In a story book. C．In an encyclopaedia. D．In a poster. 、三 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式填空，未提供单词的限填一词。 Boys and girls, have you already 1 (make) a plan for the coming winter vacation? This holiday is the time for you to take your mind off homework and prepare yourself for the future. Here is some advice on 2 to make your vacation wonderful. Take regular exercise. You work hard most of the time. So you need to join in some outdoor 3 (activity). You can improve your health by doing different kinds of exercise such as swimming, running and mountain climbing. Learn some life skills. One day, you will live by yourself. You can’t depend 4 your family any longer. So we suggest 5 (learn) to cook, and some other life skills. Go for a trip. Travel to places of interest. In this way, you’ll understand cultures that are different from 6 (you). Beautiful sights can also make you enjoy yourself. Enjoy family time. Don’t always sit in front of a computer. Remember to spend time with your family. More 7 (important), it is great fun for family members to sit around the table, discussing sports, clothes or other common things. 8 you follow the advice above, you will certainly enjoy 9 unforgettable time! What are you looking forward to 10 (get) during the winter vacation? 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 考点拓展3& 动词时态 &写作指导（旅行游记） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 7 四．写作考点 13 五．阅读拓展 15 一．词汇拓展 1．die vi．死 →dead adj．死的 →death n．死，死亡 2．mean vt．意思是，意味着 →meaning n．意思 →meaningful adj．有意义的 →meaningless adj．无意义的 3．sadly adv．令人遗憾地；伤心地 →sad adj．伤心的，难过的 →sadness n．伤心，悲伤 4．danger n．危险 →dangerous adj．危险的 5．action n．行动；行为 →act vt．& vi．行动，表演 →active adj．积极的，活跃的 →actively adv．积极地，活跃地 6．closed adj．关闭的 →close vt．＆vi．关，关闭 →close adj．紧密的，亲密的 →closely adv．紧密地 7．lost adj．迷路的，迷失的 →lose vt．遗失，失去 8．1iving n．生存，生计 →living adj．活的，现存的 →live vi． 居住，生活 9．illness n．疾病 →ill adj． 生病的 10．slowly adv．缓慢地 →slow adj．缓慢的 11．rare adj．罕见的，稀有的 →rarely adv． 很少地 12．nature n．大自然，自然界 →natural adj． 自然的 13．cover n．庇护所 →cover vt．& vi． 覆盖；包括 14．easily adv 容易地，不费力地 →easy adj．容易的 15．fish vi 捕鱼；钓鱼 →fish n． 鱼 →fisherman n．渔民，钓鱼的人 16．society n．协会，社会 →social adj．社会的 17．tourist n．旅行者，观光者 →tour vt．& vi．旅行，旅游 →tour n．旅行 18．importance n．重要性 →important adj．重要的 19．clearly adv．清晰地 →clear adj． 清楚的，清澈的 →clear vt．清除 20．application n．申请 →apply vt．& vi．申请 二．考点拓展 考点1 none的用法 If we do nothing， soon there may be none left！ 如果我们什么都不做，可能很快就无一剩存了！ 易混词 意义及用法 none 意为“没有一个（人或物）”，可与of连用。常用于回答how many或how much引导的疑问句 nobody/ no one 意为“没有人”，其后不能与of连用。常用于回答who引导的疑问句 nothing 意为“没有东西/事情”，其后不能与of连用。常用于回答what引导的疑问句 none of与不可数名词连用时，谓语动词要用单数形式；与可数名词复数连用时， 谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 1. －How many presents did you get from your parents on your birthday？ － . I got  except “Happy birthday” from them. A. None；nothing B. Nothing；none C. None；none D. Nothing；nothing A 2.The new movie is about hunting wild animals. （没有人喜欢这部新电影）. 3. －How many students attended the movie event？ － （没有一个）. 4. In fact，none of us （get） the gift. 2.No one/No body likes it　3.None 4.get（s）　 考点2 accept的用法 We hope you can accept our invitation and join us. 我们希望你们能接受我们的邀请并加入我们中来。 易混词汇 意义及用法 accept 是主观上的“接受，收受”，有满意或承认的意味，其反义词是refuse receive 是指客观上的“收到”，多指具体的东西，如信件、礼物等 1. 她收到了你的邀请，但她拒绝接受它。 She your invitation， but she refused to it. received,accept 考点3.It is ＋adj. ＋for sb＋to do sth对某人来说做某事是……的 For example， it is very difficult for pandas to have babies， …例如，熊猫很难孕育幼仔 It is＋adj.＋to do sth意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。 在该结构中，有时在to do sth前加上for/of sb，sb是动词不定式（短语）的逻辑主语。其用法如下： 1. It is easy for people （travel） around Huai’an by tram （有轨电车）. 2. 对我们来说，学好每门学科都很重要。 1.to travel　2.It’s important for us to learn every subject well. 考点4.as a result结果 As a result， pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat. 因 此，大熊猫可能无处栖息，无以为食。 1. Liu Tao got 70 scores （由于粗心） in the examination. as a result of/because of carelessness　 考点5 nature的用法 Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North－east China.扎龙自然保护区位于中国东北地区的黑龙江省。 1. We enjoyed the beauty of （大自然） all the way. 2. Millie is interested in Biology and she often records the （nature） beauty in her daily life. 3. It is important that he should act as （nature） as possible. 1.nature 2.natural 3.naturally 考点6.provide的用法 The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 该地区为大量的野生动物提供了食物和庇护所。 易混词 意义 用法 provide 指有远见，并通过储存或准 备的方式为某事准备，以在 需要时提供所需物品 provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb为某人提供某物 offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”，主 动提出 offer sb sth/offer sth to sb给某人提供某物；offer to do sth主动提出做某事 give 表示“给予，给” give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物 provide， give， offer There is a new library in my town. It ① free access to many books， such as tour and nature. It not only ② readers a quiet space for studying， but also ③ all its visitors with assistance from knowledgeable staff. We all like this new library. 1. gives 2.offers 3.provides 考点7.in order to 以便，为的是 Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想把湿地变小，为的是有更多的空间去建农场和楼房。 in order表示“按次序，按顺序”时，相当于 in the correct order；out of order意为 “不按顺序”。 1. In order for the meeting， my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late A 考点8.see sb do sth看见某人做某事 She saw a baby panda drink her mother’s milk. 她看见一只熊猫宝宝吃母乳。 英语中有类似这种用法的感官动词还有：hear、 listen to、 look at、 watch、 feel、 notice等。 1. I saw him （record） the change of sky’s colour at that time yesterday. 2. She likes to watch children （introduce） themselves easily in front of the classroom. 1.recording 2.introduce 三．语法考点 动词的时态 考点一 一般现在时 基本结构 ①be动词形式;②实义动词形式 常见时 间状语 表频率的副词often、 always、 usually、 sometimes等;表频率的词(组)once (twice、 three times a day/week/...)等;every day (week, month, year...)、 on Sunday等常用词组 高频 考点 ①当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,其谓语动词也要变成第三人称单数,通常在词尾加-s或-es;②由that引导的宾语从句,若从句表达的是客观真理、客观事实或自然现象等,从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: My father goes to work by bike every day. 我爸爸每天骑自行车去上班。 My father told me that one and one is two. 我爸爸告诉我一加一等于二。 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词的变化形式 ①在动词原形后加-s。如:play/plays, like/likes, work/works... ②以s、 x、 o或ch、 sh结尾的动词,在词尾加-es。如:do/does, go/goes, teach/teaches, wash/washes... ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。如:carry/carries, study/studies... ④以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-s。如:stay/stays, play/plays 考点二 一般过去时 1.定义:一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.常见的时间状语:yesterday、 just now、 the day before yesterday、 ...ago、 last week(month, night, year...)、 one day、 long long ago、 once upon a time、 after+时间段、 in 1982、 the other day等。 3.高频考点:一般过去时与表示过去的时间状语连用,表示过去发生的动作;一般过去时与过去进行时的辨析。例如: —Where did you go just now? 刚才你去哪了? —I went to the park with my mother. 我和我妈妈去公园了。 I was doing homework at eight last night. 昨晚八点钟我正在做家庭作业。 4.动词过去式的规则变化。 一“直” 一般情况下,在动词原形末尾直接加-ed,如:play/played, look/looked... 二“去” 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ed,如:live/lived, use/used... 三“双” 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop/stopped, plan/planned... 四“改” 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”再加-ed,如:study/studied, worry/worried... 5.不规则动词的过去式的构成。 (1)动词原形中的“i”变为“a”,构成过去式。如:begin/began, give/gave, ring/rang, sit/sat, drink/drank, swim/swam。 (2)动词原形中的开音节“i”变为“o”,构成过去式。如:write/wrote, drive/drove, ride/rode。 (3)动词原形中的“e”变为“o”,构成过去式。如:get/got, forget/forgot。 (4)动词原形中的“ee”变为“e”,构成过去式。如:meet/met, feed/fed。 (5)动词原形中的“eep”变为“ept”,构成过去式,可巧记为“加t去e”。如:keep/kept, sleep/slept, sweep/swept。 (6)动词原形中的“d”变为“t”,构成过去式,可巧记为“变d为t”。如:build/built, lend/lent, send/sent, spend/spent。 (7)动词原形中的“o”变为“a”,构成过去式。如:come/came, become/became。 (8)动词原形中的“an”变为“oo”,构成过去式。如:stand/stood, understand/understood。 (9)动词原形中的“ell”变为“old”,构成过去式。如:tell/told, sell/sold。 (10)动词原形中的“eak”变为“oke”,构成过去式。如:speak/spoke, break/broke。 (11)动词原形中的“aw/ow”变为“ew”,构成过去式。如:draw/drew, grow/grew, throw/threw, know/knew。 (12)以-ought, -aught结尾,构成过去式。如:think/thought, fight/fought, bring/brought, buy/bought, teach/taught, catch/caught。 (13)以字母t或d结尾的动词,其过去式与原形一样,可巧记为“六t二d”。如:put, let, hit, hurt, cost, cut, read, rid。 考点三 一般将来时 基本 结构 ①am/is/are going to +动词原形;②shall/will +动词原形;③be about to+动词原形;④be to+动词原形 时间 状语 tomorrow (morning...), the day after tomorrow, next day (month, week, summer...), soon, from now on, in + 时间段(如in a week, in three days...), after + 时间点等 高频 考点 ①when或if引导的状语从句,其主句常用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;②arrive、 come、 go、 leave、 start等少数动词的现在进行时并不表示正在进行的动作,而是表示将来的动作或表示近期安排好将进行的动作。例如: I am not going to watch TV this evening. I'm going to see the film instead. 今天晚上我不打算看电视,而是去看电影。 We are leaving for London tomorrow. 我们打算明天去伦敦。 考点四 现在进行时 1.基本结构:主语+be动词(is/am/are)+动词-ing形式。 2.用于现在进行时的时间状语:now、 at the moment、 at this time、 these days等,有时句首也会有“Look!”或“Listen!”等提示词。 3.高频考点:通过上下文的情境确定某一动作正在进行。例如: Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园里放风筝。 4.动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 小贴士: 现在分词有规律,动词后面是-ing。遇到词尾哑音-e,去e再加-ing。一辅重读闭音节,双写之后添上去。-ie换y有几例,特殊词语特殊记。 五．过去进行时 基本结构 主语+was/were +doing 常见时 间状语 at 7 o'clock yesterday morning, at this time of yesterday, at that time, from 8 to 10 last night,等表示过去的比较具体的时间状语 高频考点 过去进行时常常与when或while引导的时间状语从句连用。while只能表示一段时间,其中从句的谓语动词应该是延续性动词;when既可表示一段时间,又可表示一个时间点。例如: The teacher came into the classroom when (while) we were drawing pictures.当我们在画画时,老师走进了教室。 一.单项选择。 1. —Mum, I can't find my shoes. —Hurry up! Your father _______ for us. A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait 2. —Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? —Yes. I _______ there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was 3．—Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend? —Cindy? Never! She ______driving． A．has hated B．hated C．will hate D．hates 4．—What do you think of the film “Avatar” ? —It’s fantastic．The only pity is that I________ the beginning of it． A．missed B．was missing C．miss D．will miss 5. Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle ____ him last month. A. gives B. gave C. to give D. has given 6. Don’t make so much noise. The students ______ an English class. A. are having B. have C. had D. were having 7. I ______ with some friends until I find a flat. A. am living B. live C. have lived D. will have lived 8. You ____ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch　 B. are always watching C. have always watched D. has always been watching 9. I have no idea what ____ while I was asleep. A. has happened B. was happened　 C. will happen D. happened 10. — Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. — You ______ something. A. have left B. are always leaving　 C. are leaving　 D. always left 11. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me. A. are writing　 B. will write　 C. has written D. write 12. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played　 D. play 13. The sky is very dark now. I’m afraid it _________. A. rains B. is going to rain C. is about raining　 D. it would rain 14. —Is this raincoat yours? —No, mine ________ there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hung　 C. is hanging　 D. hung 15. I ________ here until you give me some money. A. leave　 B. will leave C. shall leave D. won’t leave 16.— Has he seen this film? —Yes. He _______ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing 17. Our teacher told us that the earth _______ from west to east. A. turns　 B. turn C. has turned D. had turned 18. Hurry up, or you ______ late for the meeting. A. are. B. will be C. were D. would be 19. —What’s his brother?　 —He is a teacher. He _______ maths at a school. A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach 20. I don’t remember when and where I _______ this umbrella. A. buy B. have bought C. will buy D. bought 1. A。根据情景可知此处表示“你父亲正在等我们”，应该使用现在进行时，故选A。 2. D。本题考查be动词的一般过去时，由last month和for three days可知用表示延续的be动词was。 3. D。本题考查动词的一般现在时的用法，Cindy讨厌开车是她的个性，所以用一般现在时描述，而且又是第三人称单数作主语，所以选D。 4. A。本题考查动词的一般过去时，由对话可知电影已经看过，就是错过了开头，所以是表示过去某一时段发生的动作, 所以选A。 5. B。本题考查定语从句的时态，从句意为“手表是叔叔上个月给的”。由 “last month”可知用一般过去时，所以选B. 6. A。本题考查现在进行时的用法，表示此时此刻正在做的事。句意为“不要制造噪音，学生们正在上课。” 7. A。从句子的句意“我和朋友住在一起（是暂时的不是长久的），找到住处我就会搬家。”可知是表示现阶段暂时的动作用现在进行时。 8. B。从句子的后面意思可知此处用现在进行时be always doing something来表示对人或事不满和责备。 9. D。本句的关键点是while I was asleep表示的是过去的时间，“过去某时”发生的事只能用一般过去时。B项的错误在于happen 不能用被动语态。 10. B。从对话的意思“你总是丢三落四的”可知是用进行时态与always连用，表示习惯性行为，且带有浓厚的感情色彩。所以选B。 11. D。next time所引导的是时间状语从句，从句的谓语要用一般现在时表示将来。 12. D。从句子的意思理解“乒乓球打得好”是说明说话人的能力，所以用一般现在时。 13. B。从句意理解表示将要下雨，所以用动词的一般将来时is going to rain表示可能发生。 14. C。用现在进行时表示“我的雨衣正挂在门的后面”，所以选C。 15. D。本题是考查not …until的用法，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，用否定形式，表示“直到……才”，所以选择D。 16. A。从句子的时间状语several days ago可知是用一般过去时。 17. A。本题是考查宾语从句的时态，虽然主句是一般过去时，如果宾语从句是表示客观事实或者客观真理还用一般现在时。 18. B。从句子的意思和结构可知句型是祈使句+表示将来的陈述句，句意是“快一点，否则你将会迟到”，所以用一般将来时。 19. C。由句意可知“弟弟的职业是教数学的教师”，所以用一般现在时。 20. D。句意为“我不记得什么时间和什么地方我买的这把雨伞”。由于买雨伞是过去的行为，所以用过去时。 二. 用括号所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I’m going to listen to the radio. Please _______ (not talk) any more. 2. The students _______ (do) their homework from four to five this afternoon. It’s three now. 3. I’ll tell him about it when he _______ (come) back. 4. A new teacher _______ (give) the students an English lesson now. 5. My mother often ________ (watch) TV once a week. 6. I won’t go out until I _______ (finish) my homework. 7. Who _______ (teach) you English last term？ 8. This coat is very cheap. I _______ (take) it. 9. The plane _______ (arrive) in twenty minutes. 10. There _______ (be) two meetings tomorrow morning. 1. don’t talk 2. will do 3. comes 4. is giving5. watches 6. finish 7. taught 8. will take 9. is arriving 10. will be 三、语篇填空 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 A 　　A woman 1.　 　 (come) home to find her husband in the kitchen.He 2.　 　 (be) shaking wildly from side to side.Then the woman noticed that he 3.　 　 (be) standing with one hand on the cooker! Naturally she thought her husband 4.　 　 (have) touched the electricity.To pull him away from the cooker, she hit his arm with a piece of wood.“What did you 5.　 　 (do) that for?” he cried in pain.“I was making some tea, and dancing to rock music on my music player!”  1.came　2.was　3.was　4.had　5.do B Fredette is a high school student.Every day she 1.　 　 (have) a lot of things to deal with (处理).Ten years ago she 2.　 　 (set) up her own organization, Beary Merry Christmas.Since then she 3.　 　 (have) volunteered to serve poor kids and families.Fredette and other volunteers 4.　 　 (have) already done many good and useful things.  Fredette has made future plans already.In the future,they will build a public food bank.They will 5.　 　 (provide) a self-development class for the students in her school who will soon go into college.  1.has　2.set　3.has　4.have　5.provide 四．写作考点 如何写有关计划外出旅行的文章 1.话题分析 本单元的话题是“一日游”.Task 写作部分要求写自己邀请别人进行一次外出旅游的文章。写作时，要交代邀请的目的、制定的计划(包括几点出发、旅途需要多长时间、何时何地吃饭、何时返回等)及没人旅行所需的费用等。 注意：文章要符合书信的格式，同时内容要清楚、语言要精炼。 2.常用写作句型 1.We are planning a day out on... 2.This is the plan for the day. 3.We will meet at... 4.We will take the underground /bus to... 5.It will take about...per person. 6.We will walk to... 7.We will see/visit... 8.We will go back to...by underground/bus 9.The cost is about...per person. 10.We hope you can join us. 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 应用文 话题 计划外出旅游 时态 一般将来时 人称 第一人称 段落布局 1、 开头：计划外出旅游的原因、人物、时间、地点 (可用短语：Planing a day out...the palace Museum and Moonlight shopping Mall on...) 2、 旅游过程：(详细信息) 早上 1、集合(可用短语：at 8 a.m at Sunshine Town Undergroudn Sation) 2、出游方式(可用短语：take the underground) 3、活动(可用短语：visit different places) 午后 1.出游方式、地点(可用短语：take a bus to Moonlight Shopping Mall) 2.活动(可用短语：go around the shops) 晚饭 1.离开(可用短语：...leave...) 2.费用(可用短语：...about ¥50 per person) 三、提出邀请：(可用短语：I hope that all of you can come.) 3..经典例题 假如你是桑迪，你的笔友米莉将要回英国，你打算为他计划一次外出旅行，同时也想邀请你的朋友和同学一起参加，倾斜一封信邀请他们。 高分作文 Dear classmates, My penfriend Millie is going back to Britain soon.I am planning a day out for her.I want to invite you to go the the Palace Museum and Moonlight Shopping Mall on Sunday,7 November.Here is the plan for the day. We will meet at 8 a.m at sunshine Town Underground Station.We will take the underground to the Palace Museum.It will take about 30 minutes.We will be there for 3 hours and we can visit different places there. After lunch,we will take a bus to Moonlight Shopping Mall at 5:30 p.m.We can have dinner there before going back to Sunshine Town by underground. The cost is about ¥ 50 per person. I promise to make a really fun day for everyone.If you want to come,please let me know as soon as possible.I hope that all of you can come. Best wishes Sandy 英语课上,同学们正在分享假期旅行的经历,请你根据下面的思维导图与同学们分享一下你的暑假之旅! 要求: 1.短文需包含以上所有要点,要求语句通顺、意思连贯,可适当增加细节; 2.词数不少于70(文章开头已给出,不计入总词数); 3.不得出现真实的姓名、校名等个人信息。 Last summer vacation, I had a wonderful time in Beijing. Last summer vacation, I had a wonderful time in Beijing. I went to Beijing with my family by plane. When we got there, the weather was so sunny and hot that I almost couldn't stand it. During the Beijing trip, we visited the Palace Museum and saw many beautiful national treasures. It was educational for me to learn Chinese history from them. Also, I ate delicious Beijing food, such as Beijing Roast Duck. What's more, I took a lot of pictures of Beijing. I think I had so much fun in Beijing!  五．阅读拓展 一 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Do you have trouble remembering things? Do you want to know how to improve your 1 ? Human brain is very small and 2 . It is only 2% of our total body weight, but it needs about 20% of the oxygen that the body takes in. We can think 3 if our brains get enough oxygen. So we should always make sure there’s enough oxygen in the air when we need to remember something. Besides, what else can we do to improve our memory? Here are some   4 . First, try to get enough 5 . Our memory works well after we have a good rest. If we want to remember something, make sure we have enough sleep every day. Second, if we have to remember something big, break it down into small parts. It’s 6 to remember 198756430387 if we break it into four small parts: 198-756-430-387. Third, don’t get angry if we are not able to remember some information. Just do something to 7 ourselves like listening to music, watching a movie and so on. Later, we can try again. Last but not least, make up an interesting story. If we want to remember a shopping list with bread, fruits, a coat, oil and a notebook, just make up a story with them. For example, Lisa felt hungry and 8 some bread. She opened the fridge, but only found some fruits. So she put on her coat and planned to go to the supermarket. Unluckily, she tripped over (被绊倒) a bottle of 9 and found her lost notebook under the sofa. If we follow the advice, we will 10 how good our memory is. So let’s try to improve our memory together! 1．A．body B．memory C．skill D．health 2．A．heavy B．short C．light D．long 3．A．clearly B．hardly C．slowly D．quietly 4．A．suggestions B．conversations C．introductions D．discussions 5．A．food B．water C．sleep D．air 6．A．easier B．harder C．earlier D．sillier 7．A．stop B．relax C．remember D．check 8．A．cared for B．gave up C．looked for D．took out 9．A．wine B．oil C．water D．milk 10．A．be angry at B．be provided with C．be surprised at D．be tired of 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何改善记忆力。首先，大脑需要足够的氧气才能正常工作，因此我们应该确保空气中有足够的氧气。其次，要保证充足的睡眠，因为大脑在休息后才能更好地工作。另外，将大的信息分解成小部分，以及在无法记住信息时做一些放松的事情，也有助于提高记忆力。最后，编造有趣的故事来记忆事物也是一种有效的方法。通过这些建议，我们可以提高我们的记忆力。 1．句意：你想知道如何提高你的记忆力吗？ body身体；memory记忆；skill技巧；health健康。根据“Do you have trouble remembering things?”可知，此处指如何提高记忆力，故选B。 2．句意：人类的大脑很小很轻。 heavy重的；short短的；light轻的；long长的。根据“It is only 2% of our total body weight”可知，大脑很小很轻，故选C。 3．句意：如果我们的大脑得到足够的氧气，我们可以清晰地思考。 clearly清晰地；hardly几乎不；slowly慢慢地；quietly安静地。根据“So we should always make sure there's enough oxygen in the air when we need to remember something.”可知，如果我们的大脑得到足够的氧气，我们可以清晰地思考，故选A。 4．句意：这里有一些建议。 suggestions建议；conversations对话；introductions介绍；discussions讨论。根据下面四段可知是提到四条建议，故选A。 5．句意：首先，尽量保证充足的睡眠。 food食物；water水；sleep睡觉；air空气。根据“If we want to remember something, make sure we have enough sleep every day.”可知，首先，尽量保证充足的睡眠，故选C。 6．句意：如果我们把198756430387分成四个小部分：198-756-430-387，就更容易记住它。 easier更容易的；harder 更难的；earlier更早的；sillier更愚蠢的。根据“if we break it into four small parts：198-756-430-387.”可知把198756430387分成四个小部分更容易记住，故选A。 7．句意：只是做一些放松自己的事情，比如听音乐、看电影等等。 stop停止；relax 放松；remember记得；check检查。根据“like listening to music, watching a movie”可知，这些都可以让自己放松，故选B。 8．句意：例如，丽莎觉得饿了，就去找面包。 cared for关心；gave up放弃；looked for寻找；took out拿出。根据“Lisa felt hungry”可知，饿了，去找面包吃，故选C。 9．句意：不幸的是，她被一瓶油绊倒了，在沙发下找到了丢失的笔记本。 wine酒；oil油；water水；milk牛奶。根据“If we want to remember a shopping list with bread, fruits, a coat, oil and a notebook, just make up a story with them.”可知，能被绊倒的应是油，故选B。 10．句意：如果我们听从建议，我们会惊讶于我们的记忆力有多好。 be angry at对……生气；be provided with被提供；be surprised at对……惊讶；be tired of厌烦。根据“ how good our memory is”可知，我们会惊讶于我们的记忆力有多好，故选C。 二 THE PLANT WORLD There are more than 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings; others are as small as rice. Plants are key parts of the food circle. They play an important part in the nature because they give out oxygen—the gas that all animals need for breathing. What is a plant? Most people have no difficulty finding the differences between an animal and a plant. That is because animals can move around, but plants can’t. What makes a plant a plant? Like animals, plants are living things that are made up of lots of cells (细胞). Unlike animals, plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用). Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves, and most plants reproduce by growing flowers and making seeds. All plants need energy to stay alive and grow, and they get it from sunlight instead of food. How does a plant grow? Most animals grow in a certain way, and genes control their growth. That is to say, even when they are small, it’s easy to know what they will look like after they grow up. Plants are different. Their growth is controlled by genes too, but their final shape also depends on where they live. For example, a tree can be big and round if it grows up in an open space, but much taller and thinner if it grows in the woods with other trees all around. Plants are unable to move from one environment to another, so it is important that they are able to get used to the environment. 1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Number of plants. B．Different sizes of plants. C．Importance of plants. D．Parts of plants. 2．What method does the author use to describe the plants in paragraph 2? A．By comparing. B．By giving examples. C．By giving numbers. D．By telling stories. 3．What can we know about plants from the passage? A．Flower and seed are the most important parts of a plant. B．Plants and animals grow in the same way. C．Only environment controls the plants’ growth. D．It’s important for the plants to get used to the environment. 4．Where can we most probably read the passage? A．In an advertisement. B．In a story book. C．In an encyclopaedia. D．In a poster. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了植物世界的特点和生长方式。地球上有超过40万种植物，有些植物高大如建筑物，有些小如米粒。植物是食物链中的关键部分，通过光合作用释放氧气，对自然界起着重要作用。植物是由许多细胞组成的生物，通过光合作用自己制造食物。它们的生长受基因控制，但最终形态也受生长环境影响。植物无法移动到不同的环境，因此适应环境对它们非常重要。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There are more than 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings; others are as small as rice. Plants are key parts of the food circle. They play an important part in the nature because they give out oxygen—the gas that all animals need for breathing.”可知，第一段提到的了植物的数量，大小不同的植物，以及植物的重要性，没有提到植物的一部分。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Most people have no difficulty finding the differences between an animal and a plant. That is because animals can move around, but plants can’t. What makes a plant a plant? Like animals, plants are living things that are made up of lots of cells (细胞). Unlike animals, plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用).”可知，第二段是通过与动物对比来描述植物的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Plants are unable to move from one environment to another, so it is important that they are able to get used to the environment.”可知，植物适应环境是很重要的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了植物世界的特点和生长方式，因此可在百科全书中读到该文章。故选C。 三 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式填空，未提供单词的限填一词。 Boys and girls, have you already 1 (make) a plan for the coming winter vacation? This holiday is the time for you to take your mind off homework and prepare yourself for the future. Here is some advice on 2 to make your vacation wonderful. Take regular exercise. You work hard most of the time. So you need to join in some outdoor 3 (activity). You can improve your health by doing different kinds of exercise such as swimming, running and mountain climbing. Learn some life skills. One day, you will live by yourself. You can’t depend 4 your family any longer. So we suggest 5 (learn) to cook, and some other life skills. Go for a trip. Travel to places of interest. In this way, you’ll understand cultures that are different from 6 (you). Beautiful sights can also make you enjoy yourself. Enjoy family time. Don’t always sit in front of a computer. Remember to spend time with your family. More 7 (important), it is great fun for family members to sit around the table, discussing sports, clothes or other common things. 8 you follow the advice above, you will certainly enjoy 9 unforgettable time! What are you looking forward to 10 (get) during the winter vacation? 【答案】1．made 2．how 3．activities 4．on 5．learning 6．yours 7．importantly 8．If 9．an 10．getting 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要从体育活动、学习生活技能、旅游和享受家庭时光四个方面对安排计划寒假退出了建议。 1．句意：同学们，你们已经为即将到来的寒假做了计划了吗？根据句首助动词“have”可知，此空用其过去分词形式，结合英文提示，made符合句意。故填made。 2． 句意：这里有一些关于如何让你的假期过得精彩的建议。根据空前面的“Here is some advice on”和后面的“to make your vacation wonderful”可知，是关于如何让你的假期过得精彩的建议，因此how符合题意。故填how。 3．句意：所以你需要参加一些户外活动。根据“some”和英文提示可知，此空用名词复数，因此activities符合句意。故填activities。 4． 句意：你不能再依靠你的家人了。根据固定搭配“depend on”可知，on符合句意。故填on。 5．句意：所以我们建议学习烹饪和其他一些生活技能。根据“suggest doing sth.”可知，此空用动名词，因此learning符合句意。故填learning。 6．句意：通过这种方式，你会了解不同于你的文化。根据“cultures that are different from”可知，是不同于你的文化，结合英文提示，此空用名词性物主代词，因此“yours”符合句意。故填yours。 7．句意：更重要的是，家庭成员围坐在桌子旁，讨论运动、衣服或其他常见的事情是非常有趣的。根据“it is great fun for family members to sit around the table, discussing sports, clothes or other common things.”可知，此空用副词修饰整句话，因此importantly符合句意。故填importantly。 8．句意：如果你遵循上面的建议，你一定会享受一段难忘的时光！根据“you follow the advice above”和“you will certainly enjoy...”可知，前句是后句的肯定条件，因此If符合题意。故填If。 9．句意：如果你遵循上面的建议，你一定会享受一段难忘的时光！根据“unforgettable”可知，是元音音素开头的单词，因此an符合句意。故填an。 10．句意：你想在寒假期间得到什么？根据固定搭配“look forward to doing…”可知，此空用动名词，结合英文提示，getting符合句意。故填getting。 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$