专题02 考点拓展2& 代词分类及用法 &写作指导 （理想中的学校）-【寒假】2025年八年级英语寒假学习讲义（译林版）

专题02 考点拓展2& 代词分类及用法 &写作指导 （理想中的学校） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 7 四．写作考点 16 五．阅读拓展 18 一．词汇拓展 1．Australia n．澳大利亚 →Australian adj澳大利亚(人)的 2．wide adj．宽的，宽广的 →widely adv广泛地，宽阔地 3．boring adj．乏味的 →bored adj．无聊的 →bore vt．使感到厌烦 4．finally adv．最后 →final adj．最终的，最后的 →final n．决赛，结局 5．interest n．令人感兴趣的人或事；兴趣 →interesting adj．有趣的 →interested adj．感兴趣的 7．culture n．文化 →cultural adj．文化的 8．1uckily adv．幸好，幸运的是 →lucky adj．幸运的 →unlucky adj．不幸的 →luck n．运气 10．support n．支持 →support vt．支持 →supporter n．支持者，拥护者 11．cheer v／．& vt．欢呼，喝彩 →cheer n 欢呼声，喝彩声 →cheerful adj．兴高采烈的 12．helpless adj．无助的 →help vt．&vi．帮助 →help n．帮助 →helpful adj．乐于助人的 13．useful adj．有用的，有益的 →useless adj．无用的 →use vt．用，使用 →use n．用，用途 14．hope n．希望 →hope vt．& vi． 希望 →hopeful adj．有希望的 →hopeless adj．没希望的 15．taste n．味道；品味 →taste vt．＆ vi．品尝 →tasty adj．美味的 16．colourful adj．多彩的 →colour n．颜色 →colour vt．为……着色 17．exactly adv确切地，精确地 →exact adj．准确的 18．decorate vt装饰 →decoration n．装饰 19．fill vt．使充满 →full adj．满的 20．advise vt．＆vi． 建议，忠告，劝告 →advice n．建议，忠告 21．finished adj．完成的 →finish vt．＆vi．结束，完成 22．active adj．积极的，活跃的；主动的 →actively adv．积极地，活跃地 →inactive adj．不积极的，不活跃的 23．possible adj可能的 →possibly adv．可能地 →impossible adj．不可能的 24．complete vt完成 →complete adj．完成的，完全的 →completely adv．完全地，彻底地 25．paint n颜料 →paint vt．油漆，绘画 →painting n．绘画，油画 二．考点拓展 考点1 join的用法 Yesterday Kitty’s teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park. 昨天基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加他们去世界公园的学校旅行了。 易混词 意义及用法 常接词汇 join 指加入某组织，成为其中一员，后接表示团体、组织的名词 club、 team、 band、 army、 party、 league、  navy等 join in 多指参加某项（非正式）活动，如竞赛、娱乐、谈话等 game、 training等 take part in 指参加比较正式的大型活动，如讨论、庆典、运动会等，强调在活动中发挥自己的作用 discussion、 event、  campaign等 attend 正式用语，指参加会议、典礼、婚礼等，也可指听讲座 meeting、 wedding、  ceremony、 lecture等 1. My brother （参加） the army last year.He will go back home for a visit next month， and I can’t wait to meet him. 2. We （参加了）the activity of planting trees yesterday. I planted a tree by myself. 3. 这条铁路把泰州和南通连接起来了。我们比之前能更快到达南通了。 The railway Nantong.We can reach Nantong faster than before. 1.joined 2.took part in 3.joins Taizhou to 考点2. arrive的用法 We finally arrived at the park. 我们终于到达了公园。 词汇 词性 用法 arrive 不及物动词 arrive in＋大地点；arrive at＋小地点 get 不及物动词 get to＋地点名词 reach 及物动词 reach＋地点名词 arrive和get后接地点副词（home、there、here等）时，应省略介词。 Maria is leaving for Australia soon by air. She will arrive Canberra  the morning of August 8th. A. at；in B. in；on C. in；in D. at；on B 考点3. cheer的用法 Come and cheer for our team！来为我们的球队喝彩！ 1. I heard the （cheer） of the crowd， and I knew our team won. 2. All the Chinese people became （cheer） when the Kuafu－1 was launched （发射） successfully at 7：43 a.m. on 9th October. 3. Let’s go and （加油）them. And I believe they will win the final competition finally. 1.cheers 2.cheerful 3.cheer for　 考点4. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 All of us couldn’t wait to get off the bus. 我们都迫不及待地要下车。 1.Travellers can’t wait their new tours in the coming holiday. A. to start B. starting C. started D. start A 2. I know it’s silly， but I can’t help like the journey is boring in some ways. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt C 考点5. 否定前移 I don’t think that’s a good idea. 我认为那不是一个好主意。 英语中，当主句主语为第一人称（I / we）且时态为一般现在时，谓语动词是think、believe、expect、suppose、imagine等表示观点、推测等心理活动的动词，且其后的宾语从句为否定意义时，要将否定转移到主句中，即主句的谓语用否定形式，从句的谓语用肯定形式，这种语法现象是“否定前移”。翻译成汉语时，注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。 ①如果主语不是第一人称不能用否定前移。 She thinks she can’t arrive here on time.她认为她不能按时到这儿。 ②宾语从句的否定前移，它的反意疑问句一般与从句一致。特别注意反意疑问句的回答语，yes和no的意思相反。 － I don’t think he can swim， can he？ 我认为他不会游泳，他会吗？ － No， he can’t.是的，他不会。 －Yes， he can.不，他会。 1.我相信他不会来 I he . 2. 我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。 I Tom her. 1.don’t believe ,will come　 2.don’t imagine,will help 考点6.exactly的用法 What’s DIY exactly， Suzy？ 苏西，确切地说，DIY是什么？ 1. When Judy first came to China， she found the country was the way her grandfather described： beautiful and peaceful. A. curiously B. exactly C. probably D. properly B 考点7.mistake的用法 He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom， but he made a mistake.他曾经试图在自己的卧室里安装一盏更亮的灯，但是他犯了一个错误。 1. There are many spelling （错误） in your homework. Please correct them. 2. I mistook him his brother just now. They look so much alike. 3. I’m sorry I took your brush （无意中）. 1.mistakes 2.for 3.by mistake　 考点8.instead of的用法 When you do DIY， you make， repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it. 当你做DIY时，你自己制作、修理或装饰东西，而不是花钱请人做。 易混词 意义及用法 instead of 意为“而不是，代替”，是介词短语，一般置于句首或句中，后 面常接名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语 instead 意为“代替，反而，却”，作副词，修饰整个句子，通常位于句 末，位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开 1. Jim doesn’t like sports， so we’ll play chess （代替） badminton. 2.We need to tell people to just do one small thing well 100 things poorly. A. as well as B. instead of C. according to D. because of 1.instead of　2.B 考点9.fill的用法 Another time， he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall， but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water. 还有一次，他想在卧室的墙上挂一幅画，但他撞到了一根管子，把房间灌满了水。 1. You shouldn’t （使充满） the schoolbag with food and drinks if you have lessons. 2. He filled the bottle with water. （改为同义句） The bottle water by him. 1.fill 2.was filled with/was full of 考点10.not only... but （also）...不但……而且…… Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor. 现在客厅里不仅墙壁是蓝色的，连天花板和地板也是蓝色的。 not only… but （also）…意为“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个并列成分，强调后者，其中also可省略，在句中可连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。其否定形式是neither… nor…，意为“既不……也不……”。 提醒 ①连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。有类似用法的短语有：either…or…或者……或者……（两者中选其一）；neither…nor…既不……也不……，……和……都不。 ②若not only…but （also）…连接两个并列分句，且not only…位于句首时，not only后的分句要使用部分倒装。 1. are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time. A. Bill as well as his friends B. Neither Victor nor Tom C. Not only Tim but also the twins D. Either Anita or Jack C 三．语法考点 代词 考点一 人称代词 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he,she,it him,her,it they them 1.人称代词的排列顺序分三种情况： 复数人称按照we→you→they；单数人称按照you→he/she→I；第三人称男女并用时按照he→she。但承认过失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思时，单数人称代词按照I→he/she→you排列，复数人称代词按照we→you→they排列。 2.在包含双宾语的句子中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面。如： Please pass it to me.请把它递给我。(不能说Please pass me it.) 3.let’s和let us用法不完全相同： Let’s是let us的缩写形式，多用来表示劝告或建议，包括谈话的双方；而let us则不包括对方。另外，let’s的反意疑问句用shall we来反问，let us的反意疑问句则用will you来反问。 4.代词it的用法 (1)用来代替上文中提到的特定事物，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如： Your father has bought you a new computer. Do you like it?你父亲给你买了一台新电脑，你喜欢吗？ He offered us a piece of information. It’s very important.他给我们提供了一条信息，这条信息非常重要。 (2)当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看不出来、听不出来时，常用it来代替和当时某一事件、某动作有关的那个人。如： There was a knock at the door.“Who is it?” mother came to the door and asked.有敲门声。母亲来到门口问：“谁呀？” —Who is the child in the picture?这张照片上的孩子是谁？ —It’s me. Can’t you see?是我呀!难道你看不出来？ (3)为了保持句子的平衡，可以用it来代替动词不定式，在句子中作形式主语或形式宾语。如： It’s very interesting to swim in the river.在河中游泳非常有趣。 He found it not easy to learn English well.他发现学好英语是很难的。 (4)用来代替天气、时间、距离等。如： —What’s the weather like today?今天天气怎么样？ —It’s fine.今天天气晴朗。 It’s time to go to bed.到睡觉的时间了。 How far is it from here to the station?从这里到车站有多远？ 考点二 物主代词 种类 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 形容 词性 my your his/her/its our your their 名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs 1.his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。如： My computer is new and his is old.我的计算机是新的，他的是旧的。 2.名词性物主代词常与介词of连用，构成名词所有格。如：some friends of mine我的一些朋友。 3.形容词性物主代词只能放在名词前作定语。如： my pen pal我的笔友her name她的名字 4.名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已经提及的名词，相当于“相容词性物主代词+名词”。如： This book is mine. Yours is on your desk.这本书是我的。你的在你桌子上。 考点三 反身代词的构成 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 反身代词的常用词组： by oneself(亲自) for oneself(为自己) call oneself(称自己) teach oneself(自学) help oneself to sth.(随便吃) speak to oneself(自言自语) lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其乐) 考点四 疑问代词的用法 格 指人 指物 指人或物 主格 who谁 what 什么 which 哪个，哪些 宾格 whom 谁 所有格 whose 谁的 whose 谁的 whose 谁的 1.疑问代词who作主语时，即使被问者是复数，其谓语动词也通常用单数形式。如： —Who is coming to have dinner tonight?今晚谁要来吃饭？ —Susan, Linda and Tom.苏珊、琳达和汤姆。 2.疑问代词what作定语时，意为“什么”，不限制范围；which作定语时，意为“哪(几)个”，指在一定数目中进行选择，限制在一定范围内。如： What girls do you like best? 你最喜欢什么样的女孩？ Which girls do you like best? 你最喜欢哪几个女孩？ 考点五 指示代词的用法 单数 this这，这个 that那，那个 复数 these这些 those那些 1.在打电话的语境中，常习惯用this和that代替I和you。如： —Hello! Is that Mrs.White? 喂!你是怀特夫人吗？ —Sorry. Mrs. White isn’t here. This is Kate, her daughter.对不起，怀特夫人不在这儿，我是她的女儿凯特。 2.指上文的事情，可以用this，也可以用that替代；指下文的事情，则要用this替代。如： My bike broke down. This/That is why I was late.我的自行车坏了，因此我才迟到了。 This is my idea. We should start out at once.我的建议是我们应该马上出发。 考点六 不定代词的用法 序号 不定 代词 用法 例句 1 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books. Would you like some milk?　 any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree? There aren’t any buses. 2 both 表示“两者都”。 Tom’s parents are both doctors. all 表示“三者或三者以上都”。 All of the books are very interesting. either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Either of the books is interesting. neither 表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Neither of his friends has come yet. 3 no one 指人，不能接of 短语。 No one would like to go with her. none 表示否定，可以指人或物，常接of短语。 None of them has been to Beijing. 4 every 表整体概念，只能作定语。不能与of短语连用。表示“每一”。 Every time I go to see him,he is very busy. each 强调个体，可作主语、宾语和定语等，可以指人或物。可以与of 短语连用。表示“每一个”。 Each of you can try twice. 5 many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk. much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do. 6 few 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here. a few 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket. little 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.　 a little 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left. 7 other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas?　 the other 指“两者中的另一个”。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.　 another 指“三者或以上中的另一个”。 Would you like another cup of tea? others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum. the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese. 1.不定代词all和not连用时表示部分否定，要译成“不是全部”，不能译成“全部不”、“都不”；表示全部否定要用none。如： Not all the balls are round.并不是所有的球都是圆形的。 None of the bread is fresh.这些面包都不新鲜。 2.both与not连用也表示部分否定，译为“并非两者都”，不可译为“两者都不”；表示全部否定用neither。如： Both of us are not doctors.我们俩并非都是医生。 Neither of us is a doctor.我们俩都不是医生。 考点七 复合不定代词 somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody 每个人 someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人 everyone 每人 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 没有东西 everything 每件事 1.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2.当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物复合不定代词，如everything, anything, nothing, something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用it。如： Everybody is here, aren’t they?大家都在这，是吗？ Everything is ready, isn’t it?一切都准备好了，是吗？ 3.当形容词或else(另外) 修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。如： Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.肖明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一个助手。你能再给我们找一个吗？ 4.everyone = everybody, anyone = anybody,只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如： Is anybody here?有人吗？ You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。 专项训练 一．根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This isn't Julie's notebook.　 　(she) is in her schoolbag.  2.You have to ask Mike 　 　(he).Nobody else knows his address.  3.These flowers belong to Miss Wang.They are as beautiful as 　 　(we).  4.“Sit down and make 　 　(you) at home, boys and girls!” said Mrs.Li kindly.  5.George introduced us to some friends of 　 　(he) at the party.  6.—Oh, I'm feeling so thirsty and tired. —　 　(I), too.  7.This physics problem isn't hard at all.I can work it out 　 　(I).  8.　 　 (I) Chinese teacher asked me with whom I had discussed the problem.  9.—Do you know Alice? —Yes.I know 　 　(she) very well.We have been friends for long.  10.This English dictionary is not mine.It must be 　 　(Tom).  11.Lily's backpack is much bigger than　 　 (me).  12.Mrs.Guo teaches　 　 (we) history.  13.We should always keep 　 　 (we) away from danger.  14.I found it impossible for 　 　 (he) to work out the maths problem.  15.The boy who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with 　 　 (he) own name in it as a souvenir.  16.These boys have been able to dress 　 　 (them) at the age of five.  17.Betty and her sister went to the museum with a relative of 　 　(them).  18.—Is this your cousin's sweater? —No.　 　 (she) is on the chair behind the desk.  【参考答案】1.Hers　2.himself　3.ours　4.yourself/yourselves5.his　6.Me 　7.myself　8.My　9.her 　10.Tom's　11.mine　12.us　13.ourselves　14.him　15.his16.themselves　17.theirs　18.Hers 二．单项选择 1.—Is the woman a teacher? —Yes. She teaches ________ English. A．you 　　 B．us　　 C．our 　　 D．your 2.— We don’t know _____ he is.— He is a doctor. A. what　　 B. which　　 C. who　　 D. whom 3.— How was your visit to the World Park in Beijing? — Wonderful! We enjoyed _____ very much. A. itself B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves 4. Whatever you do, ____ is difficult if you put your heart into it. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 5. —Excuse me, is this _______ new camera?—Yes, it’s _______. A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine 6. An old friend of my sister’s always helps my brother and       with       English. A. I; our         B. me; ourselves     C. I; my        D. me; our 7. —When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?—_____ is OK. I’m free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 8. —Wow! You’ve got so many skirts． —But________ of them is in fashion now． A．all B．both C．neither D．none 9. Please give ______ English book to her. A. me B. I C. mine D. my 10. — Where is my notebook? — I don’t know. It isn’t here. Maybe _____ took it away by mistake. A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody 11. ______ are all college students, so we can help the old man solve the problem. A. You, he and I　 B. He, you and I　 C. You, I and he　　 D. I, he and you 12. Look at those red bags. ______ are all for _______. A. They; they　　 B. We; you　　　 C. They; us　　　 D. We; them 13. Can you take these apples to ______? _______ are all in the box, too. A. your; Yours　　 B. him; Him　　　 C. yours; Her　　 D. her; Yours 14. －Could I talk to you for ______ minutes, Mike? －Sorry, I have ______ time. A. a few; little　　　 B. little; few　　　 C. few; little　　　 D. a little; a few 15. －Who is singing in the classroom? －______ must be my sister. She likes singing. A. It　　　　 B. She　　　　　 C. This　　　　 D. He 16. These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _______ one. A. other　　　 B. others　　　　 C. the others　　 D. another 17. －Your English is very good. Who taught you? －Nobody. I taught ______. A. me　　　　　 B. him　　　　　 C. himself　　　　 D. myself 18. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, and ______ is a doctor. A. other　　　　 B. the other　　　 C. another　　　 D. the others 19. There is _____ salt left, so you need to buy some this afternoon. A a few　　　　 B. few　　　　　 C. a little　　　 D. little 20. — Do you know everyone from Class One?— Er…, I know some of ______. A. they B. their C. theirs D. them 1. B。本题是考查人称代词的用法，本句是双宾语句式，us作间接宾语，English作直接宾语。人称代词的宾格是作宾语的。 2. A。本题是考查疑问代词，这里的what he is 作主句I don't know 的宾语, 用来表达问职业的句式。 3. D。本题考查反身代词的固定搭配，enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心”。 4. A。本题是考查不定代词的用法。句意为：只要你用心，没有什么是困难的。 5. B。本题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法，形容词性物主代词后接名词，名词性物主代词可单独使用。 6. D。本题me作help的宾语，our作English的定语。 7. C。本题是考查不定代词的区别，both指“两者都”，all指“全部”，either指“两者中的任何一个”，neither指“两者都不”。 8. D。本题是考查不定代词的区别，all指“全部”，both指“两者都”， neither指“两者都不”，none指“三者以上不”，由句意可知“尽管裙子多，但是都不时尚了”。 9. D。 考查代词的用法。根据句意“请把我的英语书给她”可知此处修饰English book应该使用形容词性的物主代词，故选D。 10. D。 somebody意为“某人”，句意为“可能有人拿错了”。 11. A。本题是考查多个人称代词并列的时候排列顺序。单数排列顺序是第二人称代词在前面，第三人称在中间，第一人称在后面。 12. C。本题的考查代词的用法。第一个空用they的主格形式作主语，代替上文的those red bags;第二个空在介词for的后面用宾格形式作宾语。所以选择C。 13. D。第一个空在介词to的后面用代词的宾格，第二个空用名词性物主代词作主语。所以选择D。 14. A。 本题题意：“我能和你谈几分钟吗，麦克？”“对不起，我没有时间。”a few修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定；little修饰不可数名词，也表示否定。 15. A。本题是考查代词的用法，在表示猜测的时候用代词it代替所问的人。 16. D。根据句子意思应选another，表示不定数目中的另一个，代替或修饰可数名词。B、C后面不接名词或代词。other表示其他的，接复数名词或前面加the。 17. D。本题是考查反身代词的用法。动词taught和反身代词连用表示“自学”的意思，反身代词和前面作主语的人称代词应该一致，所以选择D。 18. B。one…the other…特指“两个中的一个和另一个”。句意为“我有两个弟弟（或哥哥），一个是老师，另一个是医生。 19. D。 本题是考查不定代词的用法。修饰不可数名词用little，a little；修饰可数名词用few，a few；little和few表示否定含义，a little和a few表示肯定含义，从句意可知“没有多少盐了”是否定含义，而salt是不可数名词，所以选D。 20. D。本题是考查人称代词，some of them指他们中的一些，them是宾格，作介词of的宾语。 三、语篇填空 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 A 　　Two cats were walking through a forest.Suddenly, 1.　 　 (they) found a loaf of bread lying under a tree.Both of them pounced (猛扑) on 2.　 　(it) and caught the bread at the same time. 3.　 　of them would give up so they decided to divide it into two pieces and take one piece each.“But how do we divide it?” one cat said.  　　A monkey sitting on a branch of a tree saw what had happened between the two cats.4.　 　(he) got an idea. He came down from the tree and walked up to the confused cats.  　　“Hi, my dear friends! Can I help you?” the monkey asked.The cats told the monkey what the problem was and asked, “Can you divide the bread for 5.　 　(we)?” The monkey agreed.  　　The monkey broke the bread into two pieces.But one piece was a little bigger than the other.“Oh no! I will take a little bite (咬一小口) of this bigger piece to make both equal,” the monkey said.He took a bite of the bigger piece.When the whole loaf was finally gone, he jumped back into the tree and disappeared. 1.they　2.it 　3.Neither　4.He 　5.us B 　　Everyone has a hero in his heart.The hero in 1.　 　 (I) heart is Yuan Longping, who is a great Chinese scientist.He is known as “Father of Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻之父)”.  Yuan Longping was born on September 7th,1930.2.　 　(he) studied very hard when he was young.After graduating from college in 1953, he became a teacher in an agriculture (农业) school.In 1960,Yuan Longping saw many people die of hunger, so he made a decision to do research into a new kind of rice-hybrid rice.After fifteen years of hard work, Yuan Longping with his students made a great wonder in 1975-feeding nearly 20% of the world's population with less than 9% of the world's farmland.So far, over 100 countries in Asia, Africa and America have grown hybrid rice.  　　Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all 3.　 　(he)life working for people on the earth.Although he has been dead, we will never forget 4.　 　(he). His spirit always encourages 5.　 　(we) to try our best to serve our motherland.There is no doubt that Yuan Longping is a great hero.  1.my　2.He　3.his　4.him　5.us 四．写作考点 如何写介绍自己理想的学校的文章 1.话题分析 本单元的话题“学校生活”，Task写作部分要求写介绍自己理想的学校的文章，写作时，可以从以下几点内容进行介绍，理想的作息时间及理由；理想课程设置；理想的家庭作业情况；理想的校园环境；理想的课外活动及计提旅游情况等。 注意：写作时有顺序性，做到有条理，有层次，叙述时应写好切入点，分清主次，按要点呈现，语言应精炼。 2.常用写作句型 1.My ideal school starts at...and finishes at... 2.We have an hour for... 3.We have...,because I think...is very interesting. 4.I love...,so we have...every day 5.There is/are 6.We have a...with lots of... 7.Every...we go on a school trip. 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 说明文 话题 介绍自己理想的学校 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一人称 段落布局 一、直奔主题： 介绍理想的时间安排 (可用短语：...starts at...and finishes at...;We have an hour for...) 二、更多学校要点：(详细信息) 1、理想学校的课程设置、校服及班级情况 (可用短语：no Maths lessons’...have English every day;I love drawing,wear uniforms) 2、理想的 校园环境 (可用短语: ..on one side and...on the other; ...a big library with...;four tennis court and... ) 3、理想的各种学校活动(可用短语：...some clubs and after -school activities;...no homework;...go on a school ) 三、评价学校：(可用短语：This is my ideal school) 4.经典例题 请根据提示描写你的理想学校 提示：你理想学校的上课和放学时间、你喜欢的科目、班级情况、学校设施和课外活动情况等。 高分范文 My ideal school I do not like to get up early,so my ideal school starts at 9:30 a.m and friends at 5:00 p.m.We have an hour for after-school activities. I do not like Maths,so there are no Maths lessons.We have English every day because I think English is very important.I love drawing,so we have Art lessons every afternoon.We wear school uniforms,but we can choose or make our own uniform.All classes are different.Mine is very small.There are only 15 students in my class. My ideal school has park on one side and supermarket on the other.We have a big library with lots of interesting books and CDs.We also have four tennis courts and two swimming pools. There are some clubs and after-school activities,but no homework on weekdays,We have only one hour of homework at weekends.Every term,we go a school trip to the beach or the countryside. This is my ideal school.I love it very much. 　 随着"双减"政策的出台,同学们可以支配的课余时间越来越多。放学后你是如何安排自己的课余生活的呢?请以"After School"为题,提出安排课余生活的建议。 　　要求:1.文中不得出现真实的校名和人名; 2.词数不少于70。 After School After School It's really wonderful news that the "double reduction" policy has been carried out. However, students have to think about how to get used to the new policy. Here are my suggestions.  First of all, we should finish our homework effectively, which means we should pay attention to what we are doing.【高分句型一】Secondly, it's also a good chance to ask for help when we have trouble in our study. Thirdly, we should have some healthy and meaningful hobbies to enrich our after-school life.Last but not least, we can use our free time to try something new, such as doing some volunteer work to gain some useful life skills.【高分句型二】  As far as I am concerned, with the policy successfully carried out, we will enjoy a happier life and become a better person.  五．阅读拓展 一 In the heart of Paris, a school welcomes students from all around the world. One day, a young girl named Maria arrived from Britain. She would stay there as a/an 1 student for one year. At first, Maria felt 2 by the new environment and tried to get used to the French culture and language. But her teachers and classmates were 3 . With their help, Maria overcame (克服) a lot of difficulties. As months went by, Maria got easier. She 4 around Paris and learnt a lot more about France. She visited museums, attended concerts and walked along the Seine river. She 5 the beauty of the city a lot. A year later, it was time for Maria to leave. She felt a little bit 6 . She would miss her friends and the city which had become her second home. She was thankful for the meaningful 7 and valuable friendship she has got. After a few years, Maria 8 Paris as a successful businesswoman. She 9 met some of her former classmates and teachers. She said that studying abroad had not only widened her views and enriched her life but also helped her better understand different cultures and encouraged her to make her dreams come true. She was thankful for the 10 of the educational exchange. 1．A．British B．French C．exchange D．homestay 2．A．worried B．silly C．comfortable D．confident 3．A．happy B．wonderful C．interesting D．helpful 4．A．toured B．rode C．drove D．flew 5．A．introduced B．enjoyed C．remembered D．improved 6．A．angry B．sad C．amazed D．glad 7．A．challenges B．skills C．experiences D．classes 8．A．introduced to B．walked around C．lived in D．returned to 9．A．hardly B．specially C．luckily D．quietly 10．A．development B．power C．method D．secret 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B ．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个来自英国的年轻女孩玛丽亚在巴黎的一所学校学习的经历。 1．句意：她将作为交换生在那里待一年。 British英国；French法国；exchange交换；homestay寄宿家庭。根据“a young girl named Maria arrived from Britain. She would stay there as a/an...student for one year”可知，她将作为交换生在那里待一年。故选C。 2．句意：起初，玛丽亚对新环境感到担忧，并试图适应法国的文化和语言。 worried担心的；silly愚蠢的；comfortable舒适的；confident自信的。根据“and tried to get used to the French culture and language”可知起初，玛丽亚对新环境感到担忧。故选A。 3．句意：但她的老师和同学都乐于助人。 happy快乐的；wonderful精彩的；interesting有趣的；helpful乐助人的。根据“With their help, Maria overcame(克服) a lot of difficulties.”可知，她的老师和同学都乐于助人。故选D。 4．句意：她游览了巴黎，对法国有了更多的了解。 toured游览；rode骑行；drove驾驶；flew飞行。根据“She visited museums, attended concerts and walked along the Seine river.”可知，她游览了巴黎。故选A。 5．句意：她非常喜欢这座城市的美丽。 introduced介绍；enjoyed喜欢；remembered记住；improved改进。根据“the beauty of the city a lot”可知，喜欢这座城市的美丽。故选B。 6．句意：她感到有点难过。 angry愤怒的；sad悲伤的；amazed惊讶的；glad高兴的。根据“A year later, it was time for Maria to leave.”和“She would miss her friends and the city which had become her second home.”可知，离别的时候，她感到有点难过，故选B。 7．句意：她很感激有意义的经历和宝贵的友谊。 challenges挑战；skills技能；experiences经历；classes课程。根据“In the heart of Paris, a school welcomes students from all around the world. One day, a young girl named Maria arrived from Britain.”可知，这是有意义的经历。故选C。 8．句意：几年后，玛丽亚作为一名成功的女商人回到了巴黎。 introduced to被介绍给；walked around四处走动；lived in住在；returned返回。根据“A year later, it was time for Maria to leave.”可知，玛丽亚作为一名成功的女商人回到了巴黎。故选D。 9．句意：幸运的是，她遇到了一些以前的同学和老师。 hardly几乎不；specially特别；luckily幸运地；quietly安静地。根据“met some of her former classmates and teachers”可知，她遇到了一些以前的同学和老师是幸运的事。故选C。 10．句意：她对教育交流的培养表示感谢。 development培养；power力量；method方法；secret秘密。根据“of the educational exchange”可知，教育交流属于培养方式。故选A。 二 ①In ancient China, when friends or relatives were separating (分离), they would pick a willow twig (柳枝) and give it to the person who was leaving. This was to express their wish for him. In Chinese, the word for “willow” is the same as the word for “stay” in pronouncing. ②Many Chinese poets liked writing about willows in their works. One of the most famous poems is A Farewell Song (《送元二使安西》) by Wang We. It reads, No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain, The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green, I invite you to drink a cup of wine again, West of the Sunny Pass no more friends will be seen. ③Nowadays, willow twigs can also be seen in modern art. There was an amazing performance (表演) about willow twigs in the closing ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. In the show, 365 people held willow twigs in their hands on the green stage. At the same time, an ancient painting of weeping willow appeared on the LED screen. The setting of 365 people stood for 365 days, and the color green meant the return of spring. It was loved deeply by the audience (观众). “I was really attracted by traditional Chinese culture,” one of them said. ④In short, giving a willow twig to a person is not saying goodbye but asking him to stay. This is the beauty which lies in Chinese culture. 1．Why did people give a willow twig to the person when separating? A．To keep it for a long time and make it a poem. B．To take it as the most expensive gift for the person. C．To express good luck for making more money in the future. D．To ask people to “stay” like the pronunciation “willow” in Chinese. 2．The underlined word “It” refers to ________ in Paragraph ③. A．the green stage B．the performance C．the LED screen D．the ancient painting 3．How does the writer show the importance of willow twigs in modern art? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By raising questions. D．By comparing facts. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The Amazing Performance B．Great Chinese Poems C．The Beauty of Chinese Culture D．The Difficult Separation 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了“柳枝”的寓意，展现了中国文化的美。 1．细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, when friends or relatives were separating (分离), they would pick a willow twig (柳枝) and give it to the person who was leaving. This was to express their wish for him. In Chinese, the word for ‘willow’ is the same as the word for ‘stay’ in pronouncing.”可知，在中国古代，当亲朋好友分开时，他们会摘下一根柳条，送给即将离开的人。这是为了表达他们对他的祝福。在中文里，“柳”和“留”的发音是一样的，即是为了让人“（停）留”，就像中文“柳”的发音一样。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“There was an amazing performance (表演) about willow twigs in the closing ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. In the show...It was loved deeply by the audience (观众). ‘I was really attracted by traditional Chinese culture,’ one of them said.”可知，应该是节目表演深受观众的喜爱，故此处It应是指代的前文提到的“表演”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“There was an amazing performance (表演) about willow twigs in the closing ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games”可知，作者通过举例子展示了柳枝在现代艺术中的重要性。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“柳枝”的寓意，展现了中国文化的美。故最佳标题应为“中国文化之美”。故选C。 三 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给的词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 中庸之为德也，其至矣乎！——《论语》 The virtue (品德) of the golden mean (中庸) is a perfect state of equilibrium (平衡)!—The Analects of Confucius (孔子) (Translated by Zhao Yanchun) Confucius came up with many great ideas. But what’s 1 (well-known) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean. What’s 2 (it) real meaning? Chang Sheng, a Chinese teacher at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, once 3 (give) his own idea about the golden mean. Zhongyong, the golden mean, is an interesting topic. Confucius spoke 4 (high) of it. He saw it as a very important virtue. However, people often misunderstand it. People often think it means not doing your best. But 5 key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate (适中的), neither too little nor too much. The character “zhong” means to be moderate when you talk and do things. “Yong” 6 (have) two meanings — being common and unchanging. This way of thinking is useful in our 7 (day) lives. For example, when we do exercise, we can’t do too much every time. 8 we exercise too much, we might get hurt. But it doesn’t mean we should never exercise. The key is to walk a fine line (把握分寸). The Chinese nation has always believed 9 the golden mean. President Xi Jinping said we should respect other nations. We should be confident but not too arrogant (自负的) in 10 (culture) exchanges. 【答案】1．the most well-known 2．its 3．gave 4．highly 5．the 6．has 7．daily 8．If 9．in 10．cultural 【导语】本文主要介绍了中庸的真正含义以及中庸在生活中的运用。 1．句意：但最著名的是什么？根据“Confucius came up with many great ideas”可知此处指最著名的思想，用最高级most well-known，最高级前加定冠词the。故填the most well-known。 2．句意：它的真正含义是什么？空后是名词，此处用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 3．句意：中国人民大学附属中学的语文老师常胜曾对中庸有过自己的见解。根据“once...”可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填gave。 4．句意：孔子对此评价很高。speak highly of“称赞”。故填highly。 5．句意：但中庸的关键是保持适度，既不要太少也不要太多。此处表特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 6．句意：“庸”有两层含义——普通和不变。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“Yong”，谓语动词用单三。故填has。 7．句意：这种思维方式在我们的日常生活中很有用。修饰名词lives用形容词daily“日常的”。故填daily。 8．句意：如果我们运动太多，我们可能会受伤。分析两句可知，前句是后句的条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故填If。 9．句意：中华民族历来信奉中庸。believe in“相信”。故填in。 10．句意：我们在文化交流中要有自信，但不要太傲慢。修饰名词exchanges用形容词cultural“文化的”。故填cultural。 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 考点拓展2& 代词分类及用法 &写作指导 （理想中的学校） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 7 四．写作考点 16 五．阅读拓展 18 一．词汇拓展 1．Australia n．澳大利亚 → adj澳大利亚(人)的 2．wide adj．宽的，宽广的 → adv广泛地，宽阔地 3．boring adj．乏味的 → adj．无聊的 → vt．使感到厌烦 4．finally adv．最后 → adj．最终的，最后的 → n．决赛，结局 5．interest n．令人感兴趣的人或事；兴趣 → adj．有趣的 → adj．感兴趣的 7．culture n．文化 → adj．文化的 8．1uckily adv．幸好，幸运的是 → adj．幸运的 → adj．不幸的 → n．运气 10．support n．支持 → vt．支持 → n．支持者，拥护者 11．cheer v／．& vt．欢呼，喝彩 → n 欢呼声，喝彩声 → adj．兴高采烈的 12．helpless adj．无助的 → vt．&vi．帮助 → n．帮助 → adj．乐于助人的 13．useful adj．有用的，有益的 → adj．无用的 → vt．用，使用 → n．用，用途 14．hope n．希望 → vt．& vi． 希望 → adj．有希望的 → adj．没希望的 15．taste n．味道；品味 → vt．＆ vi．品尝 → adj．美味的 16．colourful adj．多彩的 → n．颜色 → vt．为……着色 17．exactly adv确切地，精确地 → adj．准确的 18．decorate vt装饰 → n．装饰 19．fill vt．使充满 → adj．满的 20．advise vt．＆vi． 建议，忠告，劝告 → n．建议，忠告 21．finished adj．完成的 → vt．＆vi．结束，完成 22．active adj．积极的，活跃的；主动的 → adv．积极地，活跃地 → adj．不积极的，不活跃的 23．possible adj可能的 → adv．可能地 → adj．不可能的 24．complete vt完成 → adj．完成的，完全的 → adv．完全地，彻底地 25．paint n颜料 → vt．油漆，绘画 → n．绘画，油画 二．考点拓展 考点1 join的用法 Yesterday Kitty’s teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park. 昨天基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加他们去世界公园的学校旅行了。 易混词 意义及用法 常接词汇 join 指加入某组织，成为其中一员，后接表示团体、组织的名词 club、 team、 band、 army、 party、 league、  navy等 join in 多指参加某项（非正式）活动，如竞赛、娱乐、谈话等 game、 training等 take part in 指参加比较正式的大型活动，如讨论、庆典、运动会等，强调在活动中发挥自己的作用 discussion、 event、  campaign等 attend 正式用语，指参加会议、典礼、婚礼等，也可指听讲座 meeting、 wedding、  ceremony、 lecture等 1. My brother （参加） the army last year.He will go back home for a visit next month， and I can’t wait to meet him. 2. We （参加了）the activity of planting trees yesterday. I planted a tree by myself. 3. 这条铁路把泰州和南通连接起来了。我们比之前能更快到达南通了。 The railway Nantong.We can reach Nantong faster than before. 考点2. arrive的用法 We finally arrived at the park. 我们终于到达了公园。 词汇 词性 用法 arrive 不及物动词 arrive in＋大地点；arrive at＋小地点 get 不及物动词 get to＋地点名词 reach 及物动词 reach＋地点名词 arrive和get后接地点副词（home、there、here等）时，应省略介词。 Maria is leaving for Australia soon by air. She will arrive Canberra  the morning of August 8th. A. at；in B. in；on C. in；in D. at；on 考点3. cheer的用法 Come and cheer for our team！来为我们的球队喝彩！ 1. I heard the （cheer） of the crowd， and I knew our team won. 2. All the Chinese people became （cheer） when the Kuafu－1 was launched （发射） successfully at 7：43 a.m. on 9th October. 3. Let’s go and （加油）them. And I believe they will win the final competition finally. 考点4. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 All of us couldn’t wait to get off the bus. 我们都迫不及待地要下车。 1.Travellers can’t wait their new tours in the coming holiday. A. to start B. starting C. started D. start 2. I know it’s silly， but I can’t help like the journey is boring in some ways. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 考点5. 否定前移 I don’t think that’s a good idea. 我认为那不是一个好主意。 英语中，当主句主语为第一人称（I / we）且时态为一般现在时，谓语动词是think、believe、expect、suppose、imagine等表示观点、推测等心理活动的动词，且其后的宾语从句为否定意义时，要将否定转移到主句中，即主句的谓语用否定形式，从句的谓语用肯定形式，这种语法现象是“否定前移”。翻译成汉语时，注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。 ①如果主语不是第一人称不能用否定前移。 She thinks she can’t arrive here on time.她认为她不能按时到这儿。 ②宾语从句的否定前移，它的反意疑问句一般与从句一致。特别注意反意疑问句的回答语，yes和no的意思相反。 － I don’t think he can swim， can he？ 我认为他不会游泳，他会吗？ － No， he can’t.是的，他不会。 －Yes， he can.不，他会。 1.我相信他不会来 I he . 2. 我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。 I Tom her. 考点6.exactly的用法 What’s DIY exactly， Suzy？ 苏西，确切地说，DIY是什么？ 1. When Judy first came to China， she found the country was the way her grandfather described： beautiful and peaceful. A. curiously B. exactly C. probably D. properly 考点7.mistake的用法 He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom， but he made a mistake.他曾经试图在自己的卧室里安装一盏更亮的灯，但是他犯了一个错误。 1. There are many spelling （错误） in your homework. Please correct them. 2. I mistook him his brother just now. They look so much alike. 3. I’m sorry I took your brush （无意中）. 考点8.instead of的用法 When you do DIY， you make， repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it. 当你做DIY时，你自己制作、修理或装饰东西，而不是花钱请人做。 易混词 意义及用法 instead of 意为“而不是，代替”，是介词短语，一般置于句首或句中，后 面常接名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语 instead 意为“代替，反而，却”，作副词，修饰整个句子，通常位于句 末，位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开 1. Jim doesn’t like sports， so we’ll play chess （代替） badminton. 2.We need to tell people to just do one small thing well 100 things poorly. A. as well as B. instead of C. according to D. because of 考点9.fill的用法 Another time， he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall， but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water. 还有一次，他想在卧室的墙上挂一幅画，但他撞到了一根管子，把房间灌满了水。 1. You shouldn’t （使充满） the schoolbag with food and drinks if you have lessons. 2. He filled the bottle with water. （改为同义句） The bottle water by him. 考点10.not only... but （also）...不但……而且…… Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor. 现在客厅里不仅墙壁是蓝色的，连天花板和地板也是蓝色的。 not only… but （also）…意为“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个并列成分，强调后者，其中also可省略，在句中可连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。其否定形式是neither… nor…，意为“既不……也不……”。 提醒 ①连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。有类似用法的短语有：either…or…或者……或者……（两者中选其一）；neither…nor…既不……也不……，……和……都不。 ②若not only…but （also）…连接两个并列分句，且not only…位于句首时，not only后的分句要使用部分倒装。 1. are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time. A. Bill as well as his friends B. Neither Victor nor Tom C. Not only Tim but also the twins D. Either Anita or Jack 三．语法考点 代词 考点一 人称代词 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he,she,it him,her,it they them 1.人称代词的排列顺序分三种情况： 复数人称按照we→you→they；单数人称按照you→he/she→I；第三人称男女并用时按照he→she。但承认过失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思时，单数人称代词按照I→he/she→you排列，复数人称代词按照we→you→they排列。 2.在包含双宾语的句子中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面。如： Please pass it to me.请把它递给我。(不能说Please pass me it.) 3.let’s和let us用法不完全相同： Let’s是let us的缩写形式，多用来表示劝告或建议，包括谈话的双方；而let us则不包括对方。另外，let’s的反意疑问句用shall we来反问，let us的反意疑问句则用will you来反问。 4.代词it的用法 (1)用来代替上文中提到的特定事物，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如： Your father has bought you a new computer. Do you like it?你父亲给你买了一台新电脑，你喜欢吗？ He offered us a piece of information. It’s very important.他给我们提供了一条信息，这条信息非常重要。 (2)当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看不出来、听不出来时，常用it来代替和当时某一事件、某动作有关的那个人。如： There was a knock at the door.“Who is it?” mother came to the door and asked.有敲门声。母亲来到门口问：“谁呀？” —Who is the child in the picture?这张照片上的孩子是谁？ —It’s me. Can’t you see?是我呀!难道你看不出来？ (3)为了保持句子的平衡，可以用it来代替动词不定式，在句子中作形式主语或形式宾语。如： It’s very interesting to swim in the river.在河中游泳非常有趣。 He found it not easy to learn English well.他发现学好英语是很难的。 (4)用来代替天气、时间、距离等。如： —What’s the weather like today?今天天气怎么样？ —It’s fine.今天天气晴朗。 It’s time to go to bed.到睡觉的时间了。 How far is it from here to the station?从这里到车站有多远？ 考点二 物主代词 种类 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 形容 词性 my your his/her/its our your their 名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs 1.his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。如： My computer is new and his is old.我的计算机是新的，他的是旧的。 2.名词性物主代词常与介词of连用，构成名词所有格。如：some friends of mine我的一些朋友。 3.形容词性物主代词只能放在名词前作定语。如： my pen pal我的笔友her name她的名字 4.名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已经提及的名词，相当于“相容词性物主代词+名词”。如： This book is mine. Yours is on your desk.这本书是我的。你的在你桌子上。 考点三 反身代词的构成 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 反身代词的常用词组： by oneself(亲自) for oneself(为自己) call oneself(称自己) teach oneself(自学) help oneself to sth.(随便吃) speak to oneself(自言自语) lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其乐) 考点四 疑问代词的用法 格 指人 指物 指人或物 主格 who谁 what 什么 which 哪个，哪些 宾格 whom 谁 所有格 whose 谁的 whose 谁的 whose 谁的 1.疑问代词who作主语时，即使被问者是复数，其谓语动词也通常用单数形式。如： —Who is coming to have dinner tonight?今晚谁要来吃饭？ —Susan, Linda and Tom.苏珊、琳达和汤姆。 2.疑问代词what作定语时，意为“什么”，不限制范围；which作定语时，意为“哪(几)个”，指在一定数目中进行选择，限制在一定范围内。如： What girls do you like best? 你最喜欢什么样的女孩？ Which girls do you like best? 你最喜欢哪几个女孩？ 考点五 指示代词的用法 单数 this这，这个 that那，那个 复数 these这些 those那些 1.在打电话的语境中，常习惯用this和that代替I和you。如： —Hello! Is that Mrs.White? 喂!你是怀特夫人吗？ —Sorry. Mrs. White isn’t here. This is Kate, her daughter.对不起，怀特夫人不在这儿，我是她的女儿凯特。 2.指上文的事情，可以用this，也可以用that替代；指下文的事情，则要用this替代。如： My bike broke down. This/That is why I was late.我的自行车坏了，因此我才迟到了。 This is my idea. We should start out at once.我的建议是我们应该马上出发。 考点六 不定代词的用法 序号 不定 代词 用法 例句 1 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books. Would you like some milk?　 any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree? There aren’t any buses. 2 both 表示“两者都”。 Tom’s parents are both doctors. all 表示“三者或三者以上都”。 All of the books are very interesting. either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Either of the books is interesting. neither 表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Neither of his friends has come yet. 3 no one 指人，不能接of 短语。 No one would like to go with her. none 表示否定，可以指人或物，常接of短语。 None of them has been to Beijing. 4 every 表整体概念，只能作定语。不能与of短语连用。表示“每一”。 Every time I go to see him,he is very busy. each 强调个体，可作主语、宾语和定语等，可以指人或物。可以与of 短语连用。表示“每一个”。 Each of you can try twice. 5 many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk. much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do. 6 few 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here. a few 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket. little 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.　 a little 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left. 7 other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas?　 the other 指“两者中的另一个”。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.　 another 指“三者或以上中的另一个”。 Would you like another cup of tea? others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum. the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese. 1.不定代词all和not连用时表示部分否定，要译成“不是全部”，不能译成“全部不”、“都不”；表示全部否定要用none。如： Not all the balls are round.并不是所有的球都是圆形的。 None of the bread is fresh.这些面包都不新鲜。 2.both与not连用也表示部分否定，译为“并非两者都”，不可译为“两者都不”；表示全部否定用neither。如： Both of us are not doctors.我们俩并非都是医生。 Neither of us is a doctor.我们俩都不是医生。 考点七 复合不定代词 somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody 每个人 someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人 everyone 每人 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 没有东西 everything 每件事 1.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2.当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物复合不定代词，如everything, anything, nothing, something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用it。如： Everybody is here, aren’t they?大家都在这，是吗？ Everything is ready, isn’t it?一切都准备好了，是吗？ 3.当形容词或else(另外) 修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。如： Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.肖明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一个助手。你能再给我们找一个吗？ 4.everyone = everybody, anyone = anybody,只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如： Is anybody here?有人吗？ You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。 专项训练 一．根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This isn't Julie's notebook.　 　(she) is in her schoolbag.  2.You have to ask Mike 　 　(he).Nobody else knows his address.  3.These flowers belong to Miss Wang.They are as beautiful as 　 　(we).  4.“Sit down and make 　 　(you) at home, boys and girls!” said Mrs.Li kindly.  5.George introduced us to some friends of 　 　(he) at the party.  6.—Oh, I'm feeling so thirsty and tired. —　 　(I), too.  7.This physics problem isn't hard at all.I can work it out 　 　(I).  8.　 　 (I) Chinese teacher asked me with whom I had discussed the problem.  9.—Do you know Alice? —Yes.I know 　 　(she) very well.We have been friends for long.  10.This English dictionary is not mine.It must be 　 　(Tom).  11.Lily's backpack is much bigger than　 　 (me).  12.Mrs.Guo teaches　 　 (we) history.  13.We should always keep 　 　 (we) away from danger.  14.I found it impossible for 　 　 (he) to work out the maths problem.  15.The boy who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with 　 　 (he) own name in it as a souvenir.  16.These boys have been able to dress 　 　 (them) at the age of five.  17.Betty and her sister went to the museum with a relative of 　 　(them).  18.—Is this your cousin's sweater? —No.　 　 (she) is on the chair behind the desk.  二．单项选择 1.—Is the woman a teacher? —Yes. She teaches ________ English. A．you 　　 B．us　　 C．our 　　 D．your 2.— We don’t know _____ he is.— He is a doctor. A. what　　 B. which　　 C. who　　 D. whom 3.— How was your visit to the World Park in Beijing? — Wonderful! We enjoyed _____ very much. A. itself B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves 4. Whatever you do, ____ is difficult if you put your heart into it. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 5. —Excuse me, is this _______ new camera?—Yes, it’s _______. A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine 6. An old friend of my sister’s always helps my brother and       with       English. A. I; our         B. me; ourselves     C. I; my        D. me; our 7. —When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?—_____ is OK. I’m free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 8. —Wow! You’ve got so many skirts． —But________ of them is in fashion now． A．all B．both C．neither D．none 9. Please give ______ English book to her. A. me B. I C. mine D. my 10. — Where is my notebook? — I don’t know. It isn’t here. Maybe _____ took it away by mistake. A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody 11. ______ are all college students, so we can help the old man solve the problem. A. You, he and I　 B. He, you and I　 C. You, I and he　　 D. I, he and you 12. Look at those red bags. ______ are all for _______. A. They; they　　 B. We; you　　　 C. They; us　　　 D. We; them 13. Can you take these apples to ______? _______ are all in the box, too. A. your; Yours　　 B. him; Him　　　 C. yours; Her　　 D. her; Yours 14. －Could I talk to you for ______ minutes, Mike? －Sorry, I have ______ time. A. a few; little　　　 B. little; few　　　 C. few; little　　　 D. a little; a few 15. －Who is singing in the classroom? －______ must be my sister. She likes singing. A. It　　　　 B. She　　　　　 C. This　　　　 D. He 16. These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _______ one. A. other　　　 B. others　　　　 C. the others　　 D. another 17. －Your English is very good. Who taught you? －Nobody. I taught ______. A. me　　　　　 B. him　　　　　 C. himself　　　　 D. myself 18. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, and ______ is a doctor. A. other　　　　 B. the other　　　 C. another　　　 D. the others 19. There is _____ salt left, so you need to buy some this afternoon. A a few　　　　 B. few　　　　　 C. a little　　　 D. little 20. — Do you know everyone from Class One?— Er…, I know some of ______. A. they B. their C. theirs D. them 三、语篇填空 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 A 　　Two cats were walking through a forest.Suddenly, 1.　 　 (they) found a loaf of bread lying under a tree.Both of them pounced (猛扑) on 2.　 　(it) and caught the bread at the same time. 3.　 　of them would give up so they decided to divide it into two pieces and take one piece each.“But how do we divide it?” one cat said.  　　A monkey sitting on a branch of a tree saw what had happened between the two cats.4.　 　(he) got an idea. He came down from the tree and walked up to the confused cats.  　　“Hi, my dear friends! Can I help you?” the monkey asked.The cats told the monkey what the problem was and asked, “Can you divide the bread for 5.　 　(we)?” The monkey agreed.  　　The monkey broke the bread into two pieces.But one piece was a little bigger than the other.“Oh no! I will take a little bite (咬一小口) of this bigger piece to make both equal,” the monkey said.He took a bite of the bigger piece.When the whole loaf was finally gone, he jumped back into the tree and disappeared. B 　　Everyone has a hero in his heart.The hero in 1.　 　 (I) heart is Yuan Longping, who is a great Chinese scientist.He is known as “Father of Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻之父)”.  Yuan Longping was born on September 7th,1930.2.　 　(he) studied very hard when he was young.After graduating from college in 1953, he became a teacher in an agriculture (农业) school.In 1960,Yuan Longping saw many people die of hunger, so he made a decision to do research into a new kind of rice-hybrid rice.After fifteen years of hard work, Yuan Longping with his students made a great wonder in 1975-feeding nearly 20% of the world's population with less than 9% of the world's farmland.So far, over 100 countries in Asia, Africa and America have grown hybrid rice.  　　Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all 3.　 　(he)life working for people on the earth.Although he has been dead, we will never forget 4.　 　(he). His spirit always encourages 5.　 　(we) to try our best to serve our motherland.There is no doubt that Yuan Longping is a great hero.  四．写作考点 如何写介绍自己理想的学校的文章 1.话题分析 本单元的话题“学校生活”，Task写作部分要求写介绍自己理想的学校的文章，写作时，可以从以下几点内容进行介绍，理想的作息时间及理由；理想课程设置；理想的家庭作业情况；理想的校园环境；理想的课外活动及计提旅游情况等。 注意：写作时有顺序性，做到有条理，有层次，叙述时应写好切入点，分清主次，按要点呈现，语言应精炼。 2.常用写作句型 1.My ideal school starts at...and finishes at... 2.We have an hour for... 3.We have...,because I think...is very interesting. 4.I love...,so we have...every day 5.There is/are 6.We have a...with lots of... 7.Every...we go on a school trip. 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 说明文 话题 介绍自己理想的学校 时态 一般现在时 人称 第一人称 段落布局 一、直奔主题： 介绍理想的时间安排 (可用短语：...starts at...and finishes at...;We have an hour for...) 二、更多学校要点：(详细信息) 1、理想学校的课程设置、校服及班级情况 (可用短语：no Maths lessons’...have English every day;I love drawing,wear uniforms) 2、理想的 校园环境 (可用短语: ..on one side and...on the other; ...a big library with...;four tennis court and... ) 3、理想的各种学校活动(可用短语：...some clubs and after -school activities;...no homework;...go on a school ) 三、评价学校：(可用短语：This is my ideal school) 4.经典例题 请根据提示描写你的理想学校 提示：你理想学校的上课和放学时间、你喜欢的科目、班级情况、学校设施和课外活动情况等。 高分范文 My ideal school 　 随着"双减"政策的出台,同学们可以支配的课余时间越来越多。放学后你是如何安排自己的课余生活的呢?请以"After School"为题,提出安排课余生活的建议。 　　要求:1.文中不得出现真实的校名和人名; 2.词数不少于70。 After School 五．阅读拓展 一 In the heart of Paris, a school welcomes students from all around the world. One day, a young girl named Maria arrived from Britain. She would stay there as a/an 1 student for one year. At first, Maria felt 2 by the new environment and tried to get used to the French culture and language. But her teachers and classmates were 3 . With their help, Maria overcame (克服) a lot of difficulties. As months went by, Maria got easier. She 4 around Paris and learnt a lot more about France. She visited museums, attended concerts and walked along the Seine river. She 5 the beauty of the city a lot. A year later, it was time for Maria to leave. She felt a little bit 6 . She would miss her friends and the city which had become her second home. She was thankful for the meaningful 7 and valuable friendship she has got. After a few years, Maria 8 Paris as a successful businesswoman. She 9 met some of her former classmates and teachers. She said that studying abroad had not only widened her views and enriched her life but also helped her better understand different cultures and encouraged her to make her dreams come true. She was thankful for the 10 of the educational exchange. 1．A．British B．French C．exchange D．homestay 2．A．worried B．silly C．comfortable D．confident 3．A．happy B．wonderful C．interesting D．helpful 4．A．toured B．rode C．drove D．flew 5．A．introduced B．enjoyed C．remembered D．improved 6．A．angry B．sad C．amazed D．glad 7．A．challenges B．skills C．experiences D．classes 8．A．introduced to B．walked around C．lived in D．returned to 9．A．hardly B．specially C．luckily D．quietly 10．A．development B．power C．method D．secret 二 ①In ancient China, when friends or relatives were separating (分离), they would pick a willow twig (柳枝) and give it to the person who was leaving. This was to express their wish for him. In Chinese, the word for “willow” is the same as the word for “stay” in pronouncing. ②Many Chinese poets liked writing about willows in their works. One of the most famous poems is A Farewell Song (《送元二使安西》) by Wang We. It reads, No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain, The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green, I invite you to drink a cup of wine again, West of the Sunny Pass no more friends will be seen. ③Nowadays, willow twigs can also be seen in modern art. There was an amazing performance (表演) about willow twigs in the closing ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. In the show, 365 people held willow twigs in their hands on the green stage. At the same time, an ancient painting of weeping willow appeared on the LED screen. The setting of 365 people stood for 365 days, and the color green meant the return of spring. It was loved deeply by the audience (观众). “I was really attracted by traditional Chinese culture,” one of them said. ④In short, giving a willow twig to a person is not saying goodbye but asking him to stay. This is the beauty which lies in Chinese culture. 1．Why did people give a willow twig to the person when separating? A．To keep it for a long time and make it a poem. B．To take it as the most expensive gift for the person. C．To express good luck for making more money in the future. D．To ask people to “stay” like the pronunciation “willow” in Chinese. 2．The underlined word “It” refers to ________ in Paragraph ③. A．the green stage B．the performance C．the LED screen D．the ancient painting 3．How does the writer show the importance of willow twigs in modern art? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By raising questions. D．By comparing facts. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The Amazing Performance B．Great Chinese Poems C．The Beauty of Chinese Culture D．The Difficult Separation 三 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给的词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 中庸之为德也，其至矣乎！——《论语》 The virtue (品德) of the golden mean (中庸) is a perfect state of equilibrium (平衡)!—The Analects of Confucius (孔子) (Translated by Zhao Yanchun) Confucius came up with many great ideas. But what’s 1 (well-known) one? That may be the idea of the golden mean. What’s 2 (it) real meaning? Chang Sheng, a Chinese teacher at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, once 3 (give) his own idea about the golden mean. Zhongyong, the golden mean, is an interesting topic. Confucius spoke 4 (high) of it. He saw it as a very important virtue. However, people often misunderstand it. People often think it means not doing your best. But 5 key point of the golden mean is to stay moderate (适中的), neither too little nor too much. The character “zhong” means to be moderate when you talk and do things. “Yong” 6 (have) two meanings — being common and unchanging. This way of thinking is useful in our 7 (day) lives. For example, when we do exercise, we can’t do too much every time. 8 we exercise too much, we might get hurt. But it doesn’t mean we should never exercise. The key is to walk a fine line (把握分寸). The Chinese nation has always believed 9 the golden mean. President Xi Jinping said we should respect other nations. We should be confident but not too arrogant (自负的) in 10 (culture) exchanges. 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$