专题01 考点拓展1& 形容词、副词 &写作指导（ 个人介绍）-【寒假】2025年八年级英语寒假学习讲义（译林版）

专题01 考点拓展1& 形容词、副词 &写作指导（ 个人介绍） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 5 四．写作考点 12 五．阅读拓展 14 一．词汇拓展 1．honest adj．诚实的；正直的 → n．诚实；正直→ adj．不诚实的；不正直的 2．joy n．欢乐，高兴；乐趣 → adj．快乐的，高兴的 → v．喜欢，享受 3．care vi．& vt．关心，关注，在意 → n．关心，关怀→ adj．仔细的，认真的 → adv．仔细地，认真地→ adj．粗心的→ adv．粗心地 4．humorous adj．幽默的→ n．幽默 5．polite adj．礼貌的→ adj．不礼貌的 6．true adj．确实的；的确→ n．真理，真相 → adv． 真实地 7．bored adj．感到无聊的→ v．使……感到厌烦 → adj． 令人厌倦的，无聊的 8．smile vi．微笑→ n．微笑→ adj． 微笑的，带着笑意的 9．height n．高，高度→ adj．高的 10．weight n．重量→ vi．称……的重量 11．patient adj．耐心的→ n．耐心 12．unhappy adj不快乐的，悲伤的→ adj．高兴的，快乐的→ adv．高兴地，快乐地→ n．高兴，快乐 13．social adj． 社会的→ n社会 14．choose vt．＆ vi． 选择；挑选→ n．选择；挑选 15．fit vi．可容纳，装进→ vt．＆ vi．合适，合身→ adj．健康的 16．foreign adj．外国的 → n．外国人 17．discuss vt．讨论，议论 → n．讨论 18．win vt．& vi．赢得；赢，获胜 → n．获胜者 19．French n．法语 → adj． 法国的 → n． 法国 20．advertisement n． 广告→ vt．& vi． 做广告，做宣传 二．考点拓展 考点1 humour的用法 Max has a good sense of humour.马克斯非常有幽默感。 1. Although he often keeps a cool face in tennis matches， Wu Yibing is quite （humour） in daily life， especially during his interviews. 2. Our new classmate Tom likes telling jokes and has （很好的幽默感）. 考点2 patient的用法 She helps me with my homework and she is very patient.她帮助我 做家庭作业，并且很有耐心。 1. Our math teachers are enough to explain the difficult points again and again. 2. The social worker always offers the old help （patient） in my town. 3. Teaching children with special needs requires （patient） and understanding. 考点3 不定式作后置定语 Can I have something to drink？ 我能喝点什么吗？ something to drink意为“喝的东西”，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰复合不定代词something。动词不定式或形容词作定语修饰something、 anything、 everything等复合不定代词时应后置。 通常在疑问句或否定句中用anything，但在表示请求、邀请、建议等希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中要用something。 1. After a long day at work，someone just wants to relax on the couch with （一些吃的东西）and watch their favorite TV show. 2. My mom prepared （一些很棒的东西） for my birthday party， making all my friends happy. 考点4 discuss的用法 Near the end of the week， we discuss the books with our classmates in class. 在（读书）周快结束的时候，我们在课堂上与我们的同 班同学一起讨论这些书。 discuss意为“讨论，议论”，相当于talk about。 1. If you would like to （讨论） the matter further， please call me. 2. －What did you do in class this morning， Sally？ －I had a （discuss） about the chess competition with Tim. 3. Why don’t you （讨论物理问题） with your teacher after class？ 考点5.offer的用法 He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help.他经常认真听我的问题，主动提出帮助我。 1. My friends often listen to my problems and me help in daily life. 2. He （主动提出帮助我们完成工作）when we were in trouble. 6.end的用法 On Friday afternoon， our school ends earlier than usual. 在星期五下午，我们学校放学比平时早。 1. We should keep learning new knowledge， because learning is （end）. 2. They （以一首法语歌结束了比赛） 考点7.比较级＋than ＋any other ＋可数名词单数形式 She draws better than any other student in my class. 她比我们班上其他任何一个同学画得都好。 “比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数形式”意为“（在同一范围内）比任何一个其他……都……”，这是一个用比较级表达最高级含义的结构。其中any意为“任何一个”，所以any other之后必须接可数名词单数形式。“any other＋单数名词”可用“the other＋复数名词”或“anyone else”替换。 点睛 “any other＋可数名词单数形式”结构强调比较和被比较的在同一范围之内；如果不在同一范围之内，则用“any＋可数名词单数形式”。 12. －Peter， have you seen The Wandering Earth Ⅱ？ －Yes， I think it is than any other movie this year. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular B 13. －Everyone knows Canada is the second country in the world. －That is， it is larger than 　　　country in Asia. A. larger；any B. larger；the other C. largest；any D. largest；any other C 14. Russia is the biggest country in the world. （改为同义句） Russia is bigger than in the world. Russia is bigger than in the world. 三．语法考点 形容词和副词 考点一 形容词与副词的构成 形容词与副词的构成 1.形容词的主要构成形式 (1)“名词+-ful”,如:care-careful、 help-helpful等; (2)“名词+-y”,如:cloud-cloudy、 rain-rainy、 wind-windy、 sun-sunny等; (3)“动词+-ing”,如:interest-interesting、 surprise-surprising、 excite-exciting等; (4)“动词+-ed”,如:interest-interested、 surprise-surprised、 please-pleased等; (5)“名词+-ly”,如:friend-friendly、 day-daily(每日的)等; (6)“形容词+-ly”,如:lone(单独的)-lonely(孤独的;荒凉的)、 dead-deadly等; (7)“名词+-n/-ian”,如:America-American、Russia-Russian等; (8)“名词+-al”,如:nation-national、 person-personal等; (9)特殊结构,如:wool-woolen、 heat-hot、 die-dead、 China-Chinese、 Japan-Japanese等。 2.副词的主要构成形式 (1)在“形容词后加-ly”构成,如:usual-usually, wide-widely, real-really等;而以-y结尾的形容词变y为i再加-ly,如:happy-happily, heavy-heavily等。 (2)以“-ful结尾的形容词后加ly”构成,如:careful-carefully, beautiful-beautifully等; (3)“名词+-ly”,如:part(部分)-partly(部分地)等; 易混易错 friendly、 lonely、 lively、 lovely、 deadly、 likely等以-ly 结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词。 有些词的词尾有无-ly,词义是截然不同的。如:hard(努力地;硬的)/hardly(几乎不),late(迟)/lately(近来),near(附近)/nearly(几乎),most(最)/mostly(大部分)等。另外,常见的副词与形容词同形的有hard、 late、 fast、 high、 early、 little等。 考点二 常见的易混形容词辨析 1.含-ed形式和-ing形式的形容词是有区别的。形容词的-ed形式意为“感到……的”,往往用来修饰人,主语往往是人;形容词的-ing形式,意为“令人……的”,往往用来修饰物,主语往往是物。例如:interesting(有趣的)/ interested(感兴趣的)、 relaxing(令人放松的)/relaxed(放松的)、 surprising(令人吃惊的)/surprised(感到吃惊的)、 exciting(使人激动的)/excited(激动的)、 moving(令人感动的)/ moved(感动的)、 frightening(令人恐惧的)/frightened(感到害怕的)等。 2. 注重常考形容词的归类 (1)描述外貌特征:fat、 thin、 slim、 tall、 short、 strong、 weak、 good-looking、 beautiful、 pretty、 overweight (超重的)等。 (2)描写性格品质:shy、 lazy、 kind、 friendly、 helpful、 outgoing、 brave、 active、 patient、 smart、 strict、 honest、 energetic等。 (3)描写人的情感、状态:angry、 sad、 busy、 sorry、 excited、 tired、 happy、 thirsty、 worried、 hungry、 proud等。 考点三 常见的易混副词 1.常见副词的种类 时间副词 ago、 before、 already、 just、 now、 early、 late、 finally、 tomorrow、 once、 soon 地点副词 here、 there、 near、 around、 in、 out、 up、 down、 back、 away、 outside、 somewhere 方式副词 carefully、 angrily、 badly、 calmly、 loudly、 quickly、 politely、 nervously 程度副词 very、 much、 greatly、 a bit、 a little、 so、 almost、 nearly、 also、 even、 just、 well 频度副词 always、 often、 usually、 sometimes、 never、 seldom 疑问副词 where、 when、 why、 how 关系副词 when、 where、 why 2.频度副词的辨析 (1)频度副词的频率 always总是 >usually 通常>often 常常>sometimes有时>seldom很少>never从不 (2)频度副词在句中的位置 频度副词在句子中的位置有着共同的特点:一般放在系动词be、助动词、情态动词之后,或行为动词之前,即“行之前,系助后”。例如: He always comes to school on time. He's never late. 他总是按时到校,从不迟到。 考点四 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1.规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er, -est fast/faster/fastest, new/newer/newest 以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r, -st late/later/latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er, -est easy/easier/easiest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est big/bigger/biggest, thin/thinner/thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most beautiful/more beautiful/most beautiful 小贴士: 比较等级要变化,词尾一般加er(est);词尾若有哑音e,直接加-r(st)就可以; 一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写;辅音字母加个y,要把y来变为i。 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 little far many (much) good (well) bad (badly) / ill old 小贴士: “不规则”中找规则,比较级和最高级特殊变:一“少”“远”,二“多”“好”, 三“病”“坏”, 四变“老”。 考点五 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词和副词的原级的用法 (1)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙……”。 (2)“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙……”。例如: This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。 He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。 2.形容词和副词的比较级的用法 (1)比较级前可用much, a little, a lot等修饰,表示程度,意为“大得多、高得多”等含义。 (2)根据a bit, even, still, far 等修饰比较级的特征词来判定。 (3)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围内的其他任何一个人(物)都……”。 (4)“甲+实义动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围内的其他任何一个人(物)都……”。 (5)在“Who/Which...+be/实义动词+形容词/副词比较级..., A or B?”中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词或副词要用比较级形式。 (6)“the+形容词/副词比较级...,the+形容词/副词比较级...”,表示“越……,越……”,强调程度。 (7)“形容词/副词比较级+and+同一个形容词或副词的比较级”或“more and more+形容词/副词原级”,表示“越来越……”。 (8)“甲+be动词+the +形容词/副词比较级+of (the two)...”结构表示“甲是两个……中较……的”。在“...of (the two)...”结构中,形容词常用比较级,且此比较级前要加定冠词the,是特指,表示“两者中的另一个较……”。例如: She drives still more carefully than her son. 她开车仍然比她儿子更认真。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何河流都长。 Li Ping gets to school earlier than any other student in his class. 李平到校比他班上其他的学生都早。 The higher you stand, the farther you'll see. 你站得越高,就看得越远。 It's getting warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。 Mary is the taller of the two girls. Mary是两个女孩中较高的那个。 3.形容词和副词的最高级的用法 (1)“主语+谓语动词+the+形容词(副词)最高级+of/ in短语”,表示“……是……中最……的”。of/in短语来说明比较的范围。 (2)“one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词”句式表示“最……的……之一”。 (3)“Who / Which...+be/实义动词+形容词或副词最高级,A,B or C?”句式,表示“在三者或三者以上中哪一个最……”。例如: Zhang Ping is the youngest in his class/of all the students. 张平在他班上(所有学生当中)年龄最小。 It is one of the largest cities in the world. 它是世界上最大的城市之一。 Who is the shortest, Tom, Jim or Sam? Tom、Jim和Sam三个人中,谁的个子最矮? 一.单项选择。 1.—Are you afraid of dogs? —Yes. I’m ______________ of them. A. surprised B. terrified C. embarrassed D. excited 2. It’s dangerous ______ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playing C. for us playing D. of us to play 3.－Let’s go shopping at the new mall. －Why not shop online? It’s . A. expensive B. more expensive C. less expensive D. the most expensive 4. If there is ______ pollution, the air in our city will be dirtier. A．less; more B．more; much C．less; less D．more; more 5. — Yummy! The coffee is good. —That’s right. It will taste _______ with some milk. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 6. —Peter has good grades in all his subjects, but he never shows off. — I agree. He is very ________. A. easy-going B. imaginative C. modest D. generous 7. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That medicine is ______ it says. A. as good as B. not as good as C. as well as D. not as well as 8. — Did you have a wonderful time at the party? —Yes, it’s ______ one I’ve ever been to before. A. a more excited B. a more exciting C. the most excited D. the most exciting 9. Taking buses in Beijing is _____ than taking a taxi. A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. cheaper 10. Look! Linyi is _____ now than it used to be. A. quite beautiful B. the most beautiful C. very beautiful D. much more beautiful 11. — I’m going to a job interview. I feel a little _______. — Take it easy. Listening to music can help you relax. A. comfortable B. nervous C. excited D. shy 12. I don’t feel very _______ today. A. good　 B. well　 C. nice　 D. fine 13. I think English is as _______ as math. A. important　 B. more important　 C. most important　 D. importanter 14. John Smith is _______ of the two young men. A. strong　 B. stronger　 C. the stronger　 D. the strongest 15. The Changjiang River is one of the _______ in China. A. longer river　 B. longest river　 C. longest rivers　 D. long rivers 16. The third cake is _______ of all, but it’s too dear. A. delicious　 B. most delicious　 C. more delicious　 D. the most delicious 17. I draw _______ and my handwriting is _______. A. good; good　 B. good; well　 C. well; good　 D. well; well 18. There is ______ meat in this bowl, but I would like a bowl with ______ vegetables. A. more; more　 B. less; less　 C. few; little　 D. many; much 19. Of the four seasons, the _______time to come to Beijing is autumn. A. good　 B. well　 C. better　 D. best 20. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so       . A. well        B. nice    C. wonderfully     D. nicely 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1.　 　(lucky), the accident was not serious!  2.The nurse is very 　 　(friend) to these patients.  3.The weather report says it will be 　 　(cloud) tomorrow.  4.My sister looked 　 　(happy) because I broke her favorite cup.  5.We hope your baby grows 　 　(healthy) and 　 　 (happy).  6.Watch 　 　(careful), and you will find the differences between the two pictures.  7.Of the two shirts, I think the blue one is much 　 　(beautiful).  8.In China, red is the 　 　(popular) color, especially during some festivals.  9.Who is the 　 　(good) basketball player in your class?  10.Of the winters in recent years, it is said that last winter was the 　 　(cold) one.  11.What a　 　(sun) day it is! Let's go camping.   12.He was just falling 　 　(sleep) when there was a loud knock at the door.  13.The house next to the street is very 　 　(noise).We don't want to live there.  14.His grandfather has been　 　(die) for five years.   15.Don't play soccer in the street.It's　 　 (danger).  16.He put on his coat and went out　 　(quick).  17.Be careful, or you won't work out the physics problem　 　(successful).  18.I am 　 　 (real) in love with this movie.  19.It was a silent night.The moon shone 　 　(bright) through the window.  20.Oh, no! The road is 　 　 (most) covered with snow.Let's not drive today.  四．写作考点 如何写介绍自己最好朋友的文章 1.话题分析 本单元的话题是“朋友”，Task写作部分要求关于自己最好的朋友的文章。写作时，首先要交代你最好的朋友的姓名、年龄、学校等个人信息：接着介绍朋友的外貌，包括脸型、眼睛、鼻子、头发等，再接着写朋友的性格，最后说明的能力、兴趣爱好等，也可补充写他/她的人生理想。 注意：时态要用一般现在时，主要使用第三人称，故要注意动词的第三人称单数形式。 2.常用写作句型 1....is my best friend/My best friend is... 2.He/She is tall/short/slim/fat/strong/... 3.He/She has...eyes/nose/hair/face/... 4.He/She is pretty good-looking/handsome/lovely... 5.He/She is kind/honest/clever/helpful/generous/... 6.He/She likes to... 7.He/She would like to be a/an...when he/she grows up. 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 记叙文 话题 介绍自己最好的朋友 时态 一般现在时 人称 以第三人称为主 段落布局 一、开头：介绍好朋友是谁及简单的基本信息(可用短语：XX is my best friend.We live in...) 二、正文：(详细信息) 1、朋友的 外貌 (可用短语：tall and strong;black hair a round face;a small nose;big brown eyes) 2、朋友的 性格 (可用短语：friendly an helpful(tell me funny jokes);generous (share things with...) 三、结尾：能力、理想 (可用短语：acting ;an actor;as popular as...) 4.经典例题 你最好的朋友是谁？他/她长什么样？性格怎么样？你们有相同的爱好吗？请以“My best friend”为题向同学们介绍一下他/她 5.高分范文 My best friend 子曰:"有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?"朋友能给人带来愉悦,能促使人进步。那么你更愿意与和你相似的人做朋友,还是与和你不同的人做朋友呢?可以说一说你的原因吗?学校论坛以"朋友"(Friends)为话题,征集大家的发言。请结合以下提示内容写一篇英语的论坛发言。词数70左右。 提示词语: have...in common(在……有共同之处) 五．阅读拓展 一 In the Jin Dynasty (朝代), there lived a man named Le Guang. He was very 1 , and he always invited his friends to his home. But one of his friends didn’t come for a long time. So Le Guang visited him one day. His friend looked 2 all the time. Seeing this, Le Guang 3 that something bad must have happened. “What’s the matter?” Le Guang asked. “We were having fun in your home that day, but I 4 felt sick when I saw a little snake lying in my glass,” his friend 5 . Back home, Le Guang happened to see a bow (弓) with a painted snake on the wall of his room. “I see!” An 6 came into his mind. He put the table at the same place and invited his friend to have a drink. Again, there was a shade (阴影) of the bow in the glass and Le Guang asked his friend to 7 clearly. “That is it! It is the same snake,” said his friend. Le Guang smiled and then 8 the bow on the wall. “Could you see the snake in your glass anymore?” he asked. His friend was 9 to find that the snake was no longer in the wine. It was just a shade instead of a real 10 . His friend got better right away. This story later became the idiom “Bei Gong She Ying”. 1．A．weak B．nervous C．friendly D．foolish 2．A．worried B．stupid C．kind D．comfortable 3．A．imagined B．realized C．forgot D．hoped 4．A．hardly B．correctly C．usually D．suddenly 5．A．checked B．promised C．replied D．laughed 6．A．idea B．accident C．invention D．instruction 7．A．eat B．see C．play D．think 8．A．took away B．looked at C．gave out D．pointed to 9．A．funny B．surprised C．afraid D．unhappy 10．A．drink B．bow C．painting D．snake 二 Do you often dream at night? How do you feel when you dream? Is it useful to our health? “Dreams may be more important than sleep, and we all need to dream,” some scientists say. Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams. What is a dream exactly? People have several dreams each night. Scientists explain that during sleeping time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories. As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream. Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. For example, what has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become less painful. And you will feel better after waking up. Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks. Dreams may make you more creative, too. Some people find new ideas about their work from dreams. It was reported that a famous songwriter came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. In fact, dreams alone can’t bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play. 1．What can we infer when dreams come to somebody again and again? A．The dreams are very sweet to him. B．He often gets worries from the dream. C．Something painful happens in the daytime. D．Happy memories connect things together in his mind. 2．According to the last paragraph, we know dreams can ________ sometimes. A．help us get new ideas B．make us lazier C．have us study harder D．wake us up easily 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the passage? A．Weather. B．Health. C．History. D．Sport. 三 Dear Janice, How are you? How was your holiday? In the summer, my family and I 1. visited (visit) Leeds Castle in England. Leeds Castle 1 (build) in 1119 by Richard de Crevecoeur and the castle 2 (become) a royal palace in 1278. In 1926, Leeds Castle 3 (buy) by Lady Baillie, the last private owner. The castle 4 (open) to the public in 1976. The Government 5 (take) over the castle and 6 (turn) it into a major tourist attraction. Guided tours 7 (be) available to introduce the history of the castle. We 8 (surprise) by the magnificence of the castle and 9 (take) a lot of pictures. Attached please 10 (find) some pictures of Leeds Castle. Hope you like it. Write back soon. Cheers, Joseph 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 考点拓展1& 形容词、副词 &写作指导（ 个人介绍） 目录 一．词汇拓展 1 二．考点拓展 2 三．语法考点 5 四．写作考点 12 五．阅读拓展 14 一．词汇拓展 1．honest adj．诚实的；正直的 →honesty n．诚实；正直→dishonest adj．不诚实的；不正直的 2．joy n．欢乐，高兴；乐趣 →joyful adj．快乐的，高兴的 →enjoy v．喜欢，享受 3．care vi．& vt．关心，关注，在意 →care n．关心，关怀→careful adj．仔细的，认真的 →carefully adv．仔细地，认真地→careless adj．粗心的→carelessly adv．粗心地 4．humorous adj．幽默的→humour n．幽默 5．polite adj．礼貌的→impolite adj．不礼貌的 6．true adj．确实的；的确→truth n．真理，真相 →truly adv． 真实地 7．bored adj．感到无聊的→bore v．使……感到厌烦 →boring adj． 令人厌倦的，无聊的 8．smile vi．微笑→smile n．微笑→smiling adj． 微笑的，带着笑意的 9．height n．高，高度→high adj．高的 10．weight n．重量→weigh vi．称……的重量 11．patient adj．耐心的→patience n．耐心 12．unhappy adj不快乐的，悲伤的→happy adj．高兴的，快乐的→happily adv．高兴地，快乐地→happiness n．高兴，快乐 13．social adj． 社会的→society n社会 14．choose vt．＆ vi． 选择；挑选→choice n．选择；挑选 15．fit vi．可容纳，装进→fit vt．＆ vi．合适，合身→fit adj．健康的 16．foreign adj．外国的 →foreigner n．外国人 17．discuss vt．讨论，议论 →discussion n．讨论 18．win vt．& vi．赢得；赢，获胜 →winner n．获胜者 19．French n．法语 →French adj． 法国的 →France n． 法国 20．advertisement n． 广告→advertise vt．& vi． 做广告，做宣传 二．考点拓展 考点1 humour的用法 Max has a good sense of humour.马克斯非常有幽默感。 1. Although he often keeps a cool face in tennis matches， Wu Yibing is quite （humour） in daily life， especially during his interviews. 2. Our new classmate Tom likes telling jokes and has （很好的幽默感）. 1.humorous 2.a good sense of humour/humor 考点2 patient的用法 She helps me with my homework and she is very patient.她帮助我 做家庭作业，并且很有耐心。 1. Our math teachers are enough to explain the difficult points again and again. 2. The social worker always offers the old help （patient） in my town. 3. Teaching children with special needs requires （patient） and understanding. 1.patient，2.patiently 3.patience 考点3 不定式作后置定语 Can I have something to drink？ 我能喝点什么吗？ something to drink意为“喝的东西”，动词不定式作后置定语，修饰复合不定代词something。动词不定式或形容词作定语修饰something、 anything、 everything等复合不定代词时应后置。 通常在疑问句或否定句中用anything，但在表示请求、邀请、建议等希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中要用something。 1. After a long day at work，someone just wants to relax on the couch with （一些吃的东西）and watch their favorite TV show. 2. My mom prepared （一些很棒的东西） for my birthday party， making all my friends happy. 1.something to eat　 2.something excellent 考点4 discuss的用法 Near the end of the week， we discuss the books with our classmates in class. 在（读书）周快结束的时候，我们在课堂上与我们的同 班同学一起讨论这些书。 discuss意为“讨论，议论”，相当于talk about。 1. If you would like to （讨论） the matter further， please call me. 2. －What did you do in class this morning， Sally？ －I had a （discuss） about the chess competition with Tim. 3. Why don’t you （讨论物理问题） with your teacher after class？ 1.discuss 2.discussion 3.discuss the physics problem　 考点5.offer的用法 He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help.他经常认真听我的问题，主动提出帮助我。 1. My friends often listen to my problems and me help in daily life. 2. He （主动提出帮助我们完成工作）when we were in trouble. 1.offer 2.offered to help us finish the work 6.end的用法 On Friday afternoon， our school ends earlier than usual. 在星期五下午，我们学校放学比平时早。 1. We should keep learning new knowledge， because learning is （end）. 2. They （以一首法语歌结束了比赛） 1.endless 2.ended the match with a French song　 考点7.比较级＋than ＋any other ＋可数名词单数形式 She draws better than any other student in my class. 她比我们班上其他任何一个同学画得都好。 “比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数形式”意为“（在同一范围内）比任何一个其他……都……”，这是一个用比较级表达最高级含义的结构。其中any意为“任何一个”，所以any other之后必须接可数名词单数形式。“any other＋单数名词”可用“the other＋复数名词”或“anyone else”替换。 点睛 “any other＋可数名词单数形式”结构强调比较和被比较的在同一范围之内；如果不在同一范围之内，则用“any＋可数名词单数形式”。 12. －Peter， have you seen The Wandering Earth Ⅱ？ －Yes， I think it is than any other movie this year. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular B 13. －Everyone knows Canada is the second country in the world. －That is， it is larger than 　　　country in Asia. A. larger；any B. larger；the other C. largest；any D. largest；any other C 14. Russia is the biggest country in the world. （改为同义句） Russia is bigger than in the world. Russia is bigger than in the world. any other country/the other countries　 anyone else 三．语法考点 形容词和副词 考点一 形容词与副词的构成 形容词与副词的构成 1.形容词的主要构成形式 (1)“名词+-ful”,如:care-careful、 help-helpful等; (2)“名词+-y”,如:cloud-cloudy、 rain-rainy、 wind-windy、 sun-sunny等; (3)“动词+-ing”,如:interest-interesting、 surprise-surprising、 excite-exciting等; (4)“动词+-ed”,如:interest-interested、 surprise-surprised、 please-pleased等; (5)“名词+-ly”,如:friend-friendly、 day-daily(每日的)等; (6)“形容词+-ly”,如:lone(单独的)-lonely(孤独的;荒凉的)、 dead-deadly等; (7)“名词+-n/-ian”,如:America-American、Russia-Russian等; (8)“名词+-al”,如:nation-national、 person-personal等; (9)特殊结构,如:wool-woolen、 heat-hot、 die-dead、 China-Chinese、 Japan-Japanese等。 2.副词的主要构成形式 (1)在“形容词后加-ly”构成,如:usual-usually, wide-widely, real-really等;而以-y结尾的形容词变y为i再加-ly,如:happy-happily, heavy-heavily等。 (2)以“-ful结尾的形容词后加ly”构成,如:careful-carefully, beautiful-beautifully等; (3)“名词+-ly”,如:part(部分)-partly(部分地)等; 易混易错 friendly、 lonely、 lively、 lovely、 deadly、 likely等以-ly 结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词。 有些词的词尾有无-ly,词义是截然不同的。如:hard(努力地;硬的)/hardly(几乎不),late(迟)/lately(近来),near(附近)/nearly(几乎),most(最)/mostly(大部分)等。另外,常见的副词与形容词同形的有hard、 late、 fast、 high、 early、 little等。 考点二 常见的易混形容词辨析 1.含-ed形式和-ing形式的形容词是有区别的。形容词的-ed形式意为“感到……的”,往往用来修饰人,主语往往是人;形容词的-ing形式,意为“令人……的”,往往用来修饰物,主语往往是物。例如:interesting(有趣的)/ interested(感兴趣的)、 relaxing(令人放松的)/relaxed(放松的)、 surprising(令人吃惊的)/surprised(感到吃惊的)、 exciting(使人激动的)/excited(激动的)、 moving(令人感动的)/ moved(感动的)、 frightening(令人恐惧的)/frightened(感到害怕的)等。 2. 注重常考形容词的归类 (1)描述外貌特征:fat、 thin、 slim、 tall、 short、 strong、 weak、 good-looking、 beautiful、 pretty、 overweight (超重的)等。 (2)描写性格品质:shy、 lazy、 kind、 friendly、 helpful、 outgoing、 brave、 active、 patient、 smart、 strict、 honest、 energetic等。 (3)描写人的情感、状态:angry、 sad、 busy、 sorry、 excited、 tired、 happy、 thirsty、 worried、 hungry、 proud等。 考点三 常见的易混副词 1.常见副词的种类 时间副词 ago、 before、 already、 just、 now、 early、 late、 finally、 tomorrow、 once、 soon 地点副词 here、 there、 near、 around、 in、 out、 up、 down、 back、 away、 outside、 somewhere 方式副词 carefully、 angrily、 badly、 calmly、 loudly、 quickly、 politely、 nervously 程度副词 very、 much、 greatly、 a bit、 a little、 so、 almost、 nearly、 also、 even、 just、 well 频度副词 always、 often、 usually、 sometimes、 never、 seldom 疑问副词 where、 when、 why、 how 关系副词 when、 where、 why 2.频度副词的辨析 (1)频度副词的频率 always总是 >usually 通常>often 常常>sometimes有时>seldom很少>never从不 (2)频度副词在句中的位置 频度副词在句子中的位置有着共同的特点:一般放在系动词be、助动词、情态动词之后,或行为动词之前,即“行之前,系助后”。例如: He always comes to school on time. He's never late. 他总是按时到校,从不迟到。 考点四 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1.规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er, -est fast/faster/fastest, new/newer/newest 以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r, -st late/later/latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er, -est easy/easier/easiest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est big/bigger/biggest, thin/thinner/thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most beautiful/more beautiful/most beautiful 小贴士: 比较等级要变化,词尾一般加er(est);词尾若有哑音e,直接加-r(st)就可以; 一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写;辅音字母加个y,要把y来变为i。 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 little less least far farther (further) farthest (furthest) many (much) more most good (well) better best bad (badly) / ill worse worst old older (elder) oldest (eldest) 小贴士: “不规则”中找规则,比较级和最高级特殊变:一“少”“远”,二“多”“好”, 三“病”“坏”, 四变“老”。 考点五 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词和副词的原级的用法 (1)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙……”。 (2)“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙……”。例如: This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。 He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。 2.形容词和副词的比较级的用法 (1)比较级前可用much, a little, a lot等修饰,表示程度,意为“大得多、高得多”等含义。 (2)根据a bit, even, still, far 等修饰比较级的特征词来判定。 (3)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围内的其他任何一个人(物)都……”。 (4)“甲+实义动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围内的其他任何一个人(物)都……”。 (5)在“Who/Which...+be/实义动词+形容词/副词比较级..., A or B?”中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词或副词要用比较级形式。 (6)“the+形容词/副词比较级...,the+形容词/副词比较级...”,表示“越……,越……”,强调程度。 (7)“形容词/副词比较级+and+同一个形容词或副词的比较级”或“more and more+形容词/副词原级”,表示“越来越……”。 (8)“甲+be动词+the +形容词/副词比较级+of (the two)...”结构表示“甲是两个……中较……的”。在“...of (the two)...”结构中,形容词常用比较级,且此比较级前要加定冠词the,是特指,表示“两者中的另一个较……”。例如: She drives still more carefully than her son. 她开车仍然比她儿子更认真。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何河流都长。 Li Ping gets to school earlier than any other student in his class. 李平到校比他班上其他的学生都早。 The higher you stand, the farther you'll see. 你站得越高,就看得越远。 It's getting warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。 Mary is the taller of the two girls. Mary是两个女孩中较高的那个。 3.形容词和副词的最高级的用法 (1)“主语+谓语动词+the+形容词(副词)最高级+of/ in短语”,表示“……是……中最……的”。of/in短语来说明比较的范围。 (2)“one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词”句式表示“最……的……之一”。 (3)“Who / Which...+be/实义动词+形容词或副词最高级,A,B or C?”句式,表示“在三者或三者以上中哪一个最……”。例如: Zhang Ping is the youngest in his class/of all the students. 张平在他班上(所有学生当中)年龄最小。 It is one of the largest cities in the world. 它是世界上最大的城市之一。 Who is the shortest, Tom, Jim or Sam? Tom、Jim和Sam三个人中,谁的个子最矮? 一.单项选择。 1.—Are you afraid of dogs? —Yes. I’m ______________ of them. A. surprised B. terrified C. embarrassed D. excited 2. It’s dangerous ______ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playing C. for us playing D. of us to play 3.－Let’s go shopping at the new mall. －Why not shop online? It’s . A. expensive B. more expensive C. less expensive D. the most expensive 4. If there is ______ pollution, the air in our city will be dirtier. A．less; more B．more; much C．less; less D．more; more 5. — Yummy! The coffee is good. —That’s right. It will taste _______ with some milk. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 6. —Peter has good grades in all his subjects, but he never shows off. — I agree. He is very ________. A. easy-going B. imaginative C. modest D. generous 7. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That medicine is ______ it says. A. as good as B. not as good as C. as well as D. not as well as 8. — Did you have a wonderful time at the party? —Yes, it’s ______ one I’ve ever been to before. A. a more excited B. a more exciting C. the most excited D. the most exciting 9. Taking buses in Beijing is _____ than taking a taxi. A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. cheaper 10. Look! Linyi is _____ now than it used to be. A. quite beautiful B. the most beautiful C. very beautiful D. much more beautiful 11. — I’m going to a job interview. I feel a little _______. — Take it easy. Listening to music can help you relax. A. comfortable B. nervous C. excited D. shy 12. I don’t feel very _______ today. A. good　 B. well　 C. nice　 D. fine 13. I think English is as _______ as math. A. important　 B. more important　 C. most important　 D. importanter 14. John Smith is _______ of the two young men. A. strong　 B. stronger　 C. the stronger　 D. the strongest 15. The Changjiang River is one of the _______ in China. A. longer river　 B. longest river　 C. longest rivers　 D. long rivers 16. The third cake is _______ of all, but it’s too dear. A. delicious　 B. most delicious　 C. more delicious　 D. the most delicious 17. I draw _______ and my handwriting is _______. A. good; good　 B. good; well　 C. well; good　 D. well; well 18. There is ______ meat in this bowl, but I would like a bowl with ______ vegetables. A. more; more　 B. less; less　 C. few; little　 D. many; much 19. Of the four seasons, the _______time to come to Beijing is autumn. A. good　 B. well　 C. better　 D. best 20. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so       . A. well        B. nice    C. wonderfully     D. nicely 1. B。由“Yes”可知对方害怕狗，be afraid of同义短语是“be terrified of”，意为“对……恐惧/害怕”。 2. A。考查句式“It is for sb. to do sth”意为“做某事对于某人怎么样”。 3.C。本题考查expensive的比较级，more expensive意为“更贵”，less expensive意为“更便宜”。 4. B。句意为“如果有更多的污染，城市就会越脏”。第一空用much的比较级more修饰pollution，第二空用much修饰dirty的比较级，强化比较程度。 5. B。本题考查表语形容词的比较级，good的比较级是better。 6. C。本题考查表语形容词的意义。选项意义分别是：easy-going容易相处的； imaginative 有 想象力的； modest 谦逊的；generous 慷慨大方的。由never show off（从不炫耀）可知选C 项。 7. B。本题考查形容词原级的句式“not as/so…as…”句式，意为“和……不一样”。 8. D。由答语“…one I’ve ever been to before”可知“这是我曾经去过的最兴奋的晚会”。所以选形容词的最高级the most exciting。 9. B。本句子是考查形容词比较级的用法，much修饰比较级cheaper，指“便宜得很”。所以选择B。 10. D。本句子是考查形容词比较级的用法，much修饰比较级more beautiful，指“漂亮多了”。所以选择D。 11. B。本题考查表语形容词的不同意义，由句意可知“感到有点紧张”故选B。 12.B。本题考查形容词的用法，在连系动词的后面用形容词作表语，但从句子的意思理解只能用形容词well表示“身体好”。 13. A。本题考查形容词比较等级的用法，在同级比较时候用as＋形容词的原级＋as...结构，所以中间用形容词important。 14.C。在两者比较的范围内，比较强壮的那一个是特指，要用定冠词the＋比较级表示。 15. C。本题考查形容词的最高级和短语one of＋名词复数形式的用法，表示“最长的河流之一”的意思，所以选择C。 16. D。本题考查形容词的最高级的用法，delicious是多音节的形容词，它的最高级是the most delicious，所以选择D。 17. C。本题考查形容词和副词的用法。第一个空用副词well修饰动词draw表示画得好；第二个空用形容词good作表语说明主语handwriting的性质，表示“我的书法好”。 18. A。本题考查形容词的比较级的用法，此题两者比较，应该用比较级；more是many和much的比较级，less是little的比较级，meat是不可数名词，而vegetable是可数名词，因此只能选A。句子的意思是“这一碗里肉多，但我想要一碗蔬菜多的。” 19. D。本题考查形容词的最高级的用法。从句子的意思理解是“在一年四季中来北京最好的时间是秋季”，所以用形容词的最高级the best。 20. B。本题考查系动词后接表语形容词的用法，smell nice（闻起来很好）。 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1.　 　(lucky), the accident was not serious!  2.The nurse is very 　 　(friend) to these patients.  3.The weather report says it will be 　 　(cloud) tomorrow.  4.My sister looked 　 　(happy) because I broke her favorite cup.  5.We hope your baby grows 　 　(healthy) and 　 　 (happy).  6.Watch 　 　(careful), and you will find the differences between the two pictures.  7.Of the two shirts, I think the blue one is much 　 　(beautiful).  8.In China, red is the 　 　(popular) color, especially during some festivals.  9.Who is the 　 　(good) basketball player in your class?  10.Of the winters in recent years, it is said that last winter was the 　 　(cold) one.  11.What a　 　(sun) day it is! Let's go camping.   12.He was just falling 　 　(sleep) when there was a loud knock at the door.  13.The house next to the street is very 　 　(noise).We don't want to live there.  14.His grandfather has been　 　(die) for five years.   15.Don't play soccer in the street.It's　 　 (danger).  16.He put on his coat and went out　 　(quick).  17.Be careful, or you won't work out the physics problem　 　(successful).  18.I am 　 　 (real) in love with this movie.  19.It was a silent night.The moon shone 　 　(bright) through the window.  20.Oh, no! The road is 　 　 (most) covered with snow.Let's not drive today.  【参考答案】1.Luckily　2.friendly　3.cloudy　4.unhappy　5.healthily happily　6.carefully　7.more beautiful 　8.most popular9.best　10.coldest 　11.sunny　12.asleep　13.noisy　14.dead　15.dangerous　16.quickly　17.successfully　18.really　19.brightly　20.mostly 四．写作考点 如何写介绍自己最好朋友的文章 1.话题分析 本单元的话题是“朋友”，Task写作部分要求关于自己最好的朋友的文章。写作时，首先要交代你最好的朋友的姓名、年龄、学校等个人信息：接着介绍朋友的外貌，包括脸型、眼睛、鼻子、头发等，再接着写朋友的性格，最后说明的能力、兴趣爱好等，也可补充写他/她的人生理想。 注意：时态要用一般现在时，主要使用第三人称，故要注意动词的第三人称单数形式。 2.常用写作句型 1....is my best friend/My best friend is... 2.He/She is tall/short/slim/fat/strong/... 3.He/She has...eyes/nose/hair/face/... 4.He/She is pretty good-looking/handsome/lovely... 5.He/She is kind/honest/clever/helpful/generous/... 6.He/She likes to... 7.He/She would like to be a/an...when he/she grows up. 3.思路点拨 审题 体裁 记叙文 话题 介绍自己最好的朋友 时态 一般现在时 人称 以第三人称为主 段落布局 一、开头：介绍好朋友是谁及简单的基本信息(可用短语：XX is my best friend.We live in...) 二、正文：(详细信息) 1、朋友的 外貌 (可用短语：tall and strong;black hair a round face;a small nose;big brown eyes) 2、朋友的 性格 (可用短语：friendly an helpful(tell me funny jokes);generous (share things with...) 三、结尾：能力、理想 (可用短语：acting ;an actor;as popular as...) 4.经典例题 你最好的朋友是谁？他/她长什么样？性格怎么样？你们有相同的爱好吗？请以“My best friend”为题向同学们介绍一下他/她 5.高分范文 My best friend Jimmy is my best friend.We live in the same building.We first met each other eight years ago. Jimmy is tall and strong with black hair.He has a round face,a small nose and big brown eyes.I like his eyes best because they are always friendly and helpful.When I feel bored or unhappy, He tells me funny jokes and makes me laugh.He is also very generous.He is always willing to share things with his friends. Jimmy is very smart.He reads a lot of books.He is good at acting.He would like to be an actor when he grows up.I believe that he can become as popular as Jackie Chan that he can be famous all over the world in the future. 子曰:"有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?"朋友能给人带来愉悦,能促使人进步。那么你更愿意与和你相似的人做朋友,还是与和你不同的人做朋友呢?可以说一说你的原因吗?学校论坛以"朋友"(Friends)为话题,征集大家的发言。请结合以下提示内容写一篇英语的论坛发言。词数70左右。 提示词语: have...in common(在……有共同之处) 　　Most of my friends are different from me, so we can learn more from each other. Linda is my best friend. And we're different. I am outgoing and often make her laugh, but she is quiet. She looks more serious than me. She is a good listener, but I always keep talking. We also have different interests. I am good at playing basketball, but she is very talented in music and often wins the singing competitions.  We usually help each other. When I am in trouble, she always cheers me up and encourages me to face the difficulty. She can help bring out the best in me. The most important thing is that we can share all the good things together and feel happy.  五．阅读拓展 一 In the Jin Dynasty (朝代), there lived a man named Le Guang. He was very 1 , and he always invited his friends to his home. But one of his friends didn’t come for a long time. So Le Guang visited him one day. His friend looked 2 all the time. Seeing this, Le Guang 3 that something bad must have happened. “What’s the matter?” Le Guang asked. “We were having fun in your home that day, but I 4 felt sick when I saw a little snake lying in my glass,” his friend 5 . Back home, Le Guang happened to see a bow (弓) with a painted snake on the wall of his room. “I see!” An 6 came into his mind. He put the table at the same place and invited his friend to have a drink. Again, there was a shade (阴影) of the bow in the glass and Le Guang asked his friend to 7 clearly. “That is it! It is the same snake,” said his friend. Le Guang smiled and then 8 the bow on the wall. “Could you see the snake in your glass anymore?” he asked. His friend was 9 to find that the snake was no longer in the wine. It was just a shade instead of a real 10 . His friend got better right away. This story later became the idiom “Bei Gong She Ying”. 1．A．weak B．nervous C．friendly D．foolish 2．A．worried B．stupid C．kind D．comfortable 3．A．imagined B．realized C．forgot D．hoped 4．A．hardly B．correctly C．usually D．suddenly 5．A．checked B．promised C．replied D．laughed 6．A．idea B．accident C．invention D．instruction 7．A．eat B．see C．play D．think 8．A．took away B．looked at C．gave out D．pointed to 9．A．funny B．surprised C．afraid D．unhappy 10．A．drink B．bow C．painting D．snake 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了“杯弓蛇影”的故事。 1．句意：他非常友好，他总是邀请很多朋友到他家。 weak虚弱的；nervous紧张的；friendly友好的；foolish愚蠢的。根据下句“and he always invited his friends to his home.”可知，他总是邀请朋友，因此他很友好。故选C。 2．句意：他的朋友看上去总是忧心忡忡。 worried担心的；stupid愚蠢的；kind善良的；comfortable舒服的。根据下文“something bad must have happened.”和“What’s the matter?”可知，朋友看上去很忧虑。故选A。 3．句意：看到这样，乐广意识到他的朋友一定出了什么事。 imagined想象；realized意识到；forgot忘记；hoped希望。根据“Seeing this, Le Guang…that something bad must have happened.”可知，看到朋友忧心忡忡的样子，乐广意识到他一定是发生了某事。故选B。 4．句意：“那天我们在你家玩得很开心，但是当我看到有一条小蛇躺在我的杯子里时，我突然感到恶心，”他的朋友回答道。 hardly几乎不；correctly正确地；usually时常；suddenly突然。根据“but I…felt sick when I saw a little snake lying in my glass,”可知，看到蛇躺在酒杯里，应该是突然感到不舒服。故选D。 5．句意：“那天我们在你家玩得很开心，但是当我看到有一条小蛇躺在我的杯子里时，我突然感到恶心，”他的朋友回答道。 checked检查；promised许诺；replied回答；laughed笑。根据上文“‘What’s the matter?’ Le Guang asked.”可知，此处是朋友回答乐广的问题。故选C。 6．句意：他想到了一个主意。 idea主意；accident事故；invention发明；instruction用法说明。根据“I see!”和“An…came into his mind. He put the table at the same place and invited his friend to have a drink.”可知，乐广想到了一个主意。故选A。 7．句意：玻璃杯里又有一个弓的影子，乐广叫他的朋友去看。 eat吃；see看见；play玩；think思考。根据“Again, there was a shade (阴影) of the bow in the glass and Le Guang asked his friend to…clearly.”可知，杯子里有弓的影子，于是乐广叫朋友来看。故选B。 8．句意：乐广哈哈大笑，摘下了墙上的弓。 took away拿走；looked at看；gave out给出；pointed to指着。根据“Le Guang smiled and then…the bow on the wall.”和“the snake was no longer in the wine.”可知，乐广拿走了墙上的弓。故选A。 9．句意：他的朋友惊讶地发现蛇已经不在酒里了。 funny滑稽的；surprised惊讶的；afraid害怕的；unhappy不高兴的。根据“His friend was…to find that the snake was no longer in the wine.”可知，乐广把弓拿走后，朋友惊讶地发现酒里没有了蛇。故选B。 10．句意：然后他知道那只是一个影子，而不是一条真正的蛇。 drink饮料；bow弓；painting绘画；snake蛇。根据“It was just a shade instead of a real…”可知，通过乐广的解释，朋友明白杯子里的蛇只是挂在墙上的弓的影子，而不是真正的蛇。故选D。 二 Do you often dream at night? How do you feel when you dream? Is it useful to our health? “Dreams may be more important than sleep, and we all need to dream,” some scientists say. Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams. What is a dream exactly? People have several dreams each night. Scientists explain that during sleeping time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories. As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream. Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. For example, what has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. There the bad memories become less painful. And you will feel better after waking up. Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks. Dreams may make you more creative, too. Some people find new ideas about their work from dreams. It was reported that a famous songwriter came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. In fact, dreams alone can’t bring about creativity. In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play. 1．What can we infer when dreams come to somebody again and again? A．The dreams are very sweet to him. B．He often gets worries from the dream. C．Something painful happens in the daytime. D．Happy memories connect things together in his mind. 2．According to the last paragraph, we know dreams can ________ sometimes. A．help us get new ideas B．make us lazier C．have us study harder D．wake us up easily 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 4．In which part of a newspaper can you find the passage? A．Weather. B．Health. C．History. D．Sport. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了做梦的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again.”可知，如果一个梦反复出现，可能是因为白天有痛苦的事情发生。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Dreams may make you more creative, too. Some people find new ideas about their work from dreams.”可知，梦有时可以帮助我们获得新点子。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一二段介绍了什么是梦，三四五段分别介绍了梦在三个方面的好处，因此文章结构与D选项最为符合。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论有关梦对健康和心理的影响。因此在“健康”版块最有可能出现。故选B。 三 Dear Janice, How are you? How was your holiday? In the summer, my family and I 1. visited (visit) Leeds Castle in England. Leeds Castle 1 (build) in 1119 by Richard de Crevecoeur and the castle 2 (become) a royal palace in 1278. In 1926, Leeds Castle 3 (buy) by Lady Baillie, the last private owner. The castle 4 (open) to the public in 1976. The Government 5 (take) over the castle and 6 (turn) it into a major tourist attraction. Guided tours 7 (be) available to introduce the history of the castle. We 8 (surprise) by the magnificence of the castle and 9 (take) a lot of pictures. Attached please 10 (find) some pictures of Leeds Castle. Hope you like it. Write back soon. Cheers, Joseph 【答案】1．was built 2．became 3．was bought 4．was opened 5．took 6．turned 7．are 8．were surprised 9．took 10．find 【导语】本文介绍了利兹城堡的历史和Joseph参观城堡的经历。 1．句意：利兹城堡是由Richard de Crevecoeur于1119年建成，这座城堡于1278年成为皇家宫殿。主语“Leeds Castle”和谓语“build”之间是被动关系；根据“in 1119”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was built。 2．句意：利兹城堡是由Richard de Crevecoeur于1119年建成，这座城堡于1278年成为皇家宫殿。根据“in 1278”可知，时态是一般过去时，应用动词become的过去式became。故填became。 3．句意：1926年，利兹城堡被最后一位私人业主贝莉夫人买下。主语“Leeds Castle”和谓语“buy”之间是被动关系；根据“In 1926”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was bought。 4．句意：这座城堡于1976年向公众开放。主语“The castle”和谓语“open”之间是被动关系；根据“In 1976”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was opened。 5．句意：政府接管了城堡，把它变成了一个主要的旅游景点。take over“接管”，事情发生在过去，此处用一般过去时，动词take应用其过去式took。故填took。 6．句意：政府接管了城堡，把它变成了一个主要的旅游景点。and前后时态保持一致，此处也用一般过去时，动词turn用其过去式turned。故填turned。 7．句意：有导游可以介绍城堡的历史。此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语“Guided tours”是复数，be动词用are。故填are。 8．句意：我们对城堡的壮丽感到惊讶，拍了很多照片。根据“We... (surprise) by the magnificence of the castle”可知，此处指我们被城堡的壮丽惊讶到了，应用被动语态；再根据第一段的“In the summer”可知，游览利兹城堡发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done，主语we是复数，be动词用were。故填were surprised。 9．句意：我们对城堡的壮丽感到惊讶，拍了很多照片。and前后时态保持一致，此处也用一般过去时，动词take用其过去式took。故填took。 10．句意：利兹城堡的一些照片在附件里请查收。此处为祈使句，动词应用原形，attached please find“附上……请查收”，英文邮件中的常用表达。故填find。 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$