20 UNIT 3 Careers and skills Period 6 写作-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 6　 写作(Writing) 写一则职业规划 本单元写作要求写一则个人职业规划。个人职业规划属于说明文。主要由三部分构成：1．理想的职业；2．选择该职业的原因或相关优势；3．实现理想职业的方法。 (一)基本框架 开头：提出职业目标 主体：分析职业 结尾：总结或展望 (二)常用表达 1．I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association． 我写信是为了申请成为我们学校英语协会的志愿者。 2．Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do and what we want to do．However，a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out． 制订计划很好，因为它在细节上影响我们该怎么做和想做的事的结果。然而，一个计划如果没有被实际执行就没有结果。 3．I plan to apply for a part-time job in a foreign company in the coming summer vacation． 我计划在即将到来的暑假申请在外企做兼职。 4．I will be able to learn how to solve problems on my own and how to think independently． 我将能够学会如何自己解决问题，以及如何独立思考。 5．I want to be an engineer when I graduate from college． 我大学毕业后想成为一名工程师。 假如你现在是一名英语专业的大学生，老师要求就毕业之后自己的理想写一篇职业规划。 [审题构思]　 1．确定体裁：说明文； 2．确定人称：以第一人称为主； 3．确定时态：以一般现在时和一般将来时为主； 4．确定内容：①说明自己的职业设想； ②介绍自己的实施规划； ③表达自己的决心。 [遣词造句] 1．我现在是一名大学生。我积极，健谈，乐观，有耐心。 I am now a college student．I'm active，talkative，optimistic and patient． 2．我非常喜欢英语，并且也擅长它。 I like English very much and I am good at it，too． 3．我认为我想成为一名高中英语老师。 I think I want to be a high school English teacher． 4．为了实现这个目标，我必须为它制定一个计划。 To achieve this goal，I have to make a plan for it． 5．我必须利用在学校的机会把英语学好。 I must take advantage of school to learn English well． 6．我需要在大学四年级通过英语专业八级考试来证明我的英语能力。 I need to pass TEM-8 in the fourth year to prove my English ability． 7．我将尽我最大的努力成为我们班的班长。 I would try my best to be our class monitor． 8．当班长可以为我将来管理学生带来经验。 Being class monitor can bring the experience for me to manage students in the future． 9．有一个计划是好的，但实际行动更重要。 Having a plan is good，but practical action is much more important． 10．根据我自己的情况，我会按照我的计划来实现我的目标。 According to my own situation，I would follow my plan to reach my goal． [句式升级] 1．用动词不定式作主语升级句3 I think to be a high school English teacher is what I want． 2．用定语从句升级句7和句8 I would try my best to be our class monitor，which can bring the experience for me to manage students in the future． [连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词) [参考范文] I am now a college student．I'm active，talkative，optimistic and patient．I like English very much and I am good at it，too．So I think to be a high school English teacher is what I want． To achieve this goal，I have to make a plan for it．Firstly，I must take advantage of school to learn English well．I need to pass TEM-8 in the fourth year to prove my English ability．Secondly，I would try my best to be our class monitor，which can bring the experience for me to manage students in the future． To sum up，having a plan is good，but practical action is much more important．According to my own situation，I would follow my plan to reach my goal． 情感描写　“惊”与“怕” [词块积累] 1．raise one's eyebrows扬起眉毛(表示不赞同或惊讶) 2．speechless with shock惊得说不出话来 3．face turns pale脸色变白 4．heart beats violently心跳得厉害 5．tremble from head to toe全身颤抖 6．strike fear into sb．'s heart使某人感到恐惧 7．jaw almost dropped in astonishment几乎惊掉了下巴 8．shake with fear吓得发抖 9．a flood of fear wells up in sb．某人从心底感到害怕 10．eyes grow wide in astonishment吃惊地睁大了眼睛 [佳句积累] 1．Everyone gasped in astonishment as the cars came around the last bend． 汽车转过最后一个弯道时，每个人都惊得倒吸了一口气。 2．He just glued his eyes to me，utterly dumbfounded． 他只是两眼盯着我，完全傻掉了。 3．The whole building shaking，Ruby stood in her bedroom stiffening with shock． 整个房子都在摇晃，Ruby惊愕得站在卧室里僵住了。 4．Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock，as if rooted to the ground． 听到这个意外的消息，Mary惊呆了，动弹不得。 5．At the sight of the ferocious wolf，I frozen with fear，too scared to move an inch． 当我看到那只凶恶的狼，我吓呆了，太害怕而不敢动弹。 6．I frozen with fear，the horrible scene made my body run cold and stuck fear into my heart． 我害怕得僵住了，这个恐怖的场景使我的身体发冷，内心充满恐惧。 7．Something like panic overtook me and my heart beat violently with my body trembling． 某种类似于恐慌的情绪突然出现，我的心脏狂跳，身体颤抖着。 8．Instantly a sense of horror crept upon him ripping across his whole body，he felt every single hair stood on end。 一阵恐惧感立即涌入并蔓延到他的全身，他感觉每一根头发都竖了起来。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In the last five years，since Liesl's first book，Rump，was published，she has had the pleasure to meet and interact with many fine educators across the country．These teachers are wise and fully invest in their students' success．The teachers she has met know that the job is not the tests．It is the child． Then Liesl met a fourth grade teacher who told her about a girl Angie in his class who had connected with Rump in a deep and powerful way．At the start of fourth grade，Angie was reading below average level and struggled in other areas as well．Perhaps even more troublesome than her low reading level was Angie's lack of confidence．But as the teacher read Rump aloud to the class，Angie felt an awakening．The teacher noticed．He asked Angie to tell how she was feeling about this book． Angie explained that she felt like she was like Rump，caught up in a mess and not sure how to get out．As she followed his journey and watched him grow and clean up his own messes，she wondered if she might be able to do the same．Could she overcome her own troubles? Angie's teacher wrote to Liesl about this experience，and Liesl was touched that something she wrote could have such a deep effect on a child．She was even more touched by the teacher's devotion．The teacher noticed this child's experience with Liesl's book and he took the time to talk to Angie about it and help her．That is care．That is education：to guide children to self-awareness and the belief that they have potential and talents． Liesl didn't believe Angie's issues would be solved overnight．Just because Angie felt confirmed by a story Liesl wrote，she was not suddenly a great reader or student．But at least a seed of confidence was grown． 注意：1．续写词数应为 150 左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 The teacher made efforts to encourage Angie for more independent reading． Two years ago，when Liesl's third book came out，Angie's teacher got in touch with Liesl again． [参考范文] The teacher made efforts to encourage Angie for more independent reading．He consciously chose some books to read aloud that Angie could particularly relate to．They read books together again and again．Angie felt a connection to the heroes in these books．She experienced the same route and felt the same confusion and happiness，and her confidence shifted and expanded even more．Gradually，Angie caught up with other students in the class，not only in reading，but also in some other subjects． Two years ago，when Liesl's third book came out，Angie's teacher got in touch with Liesl again．Liesl was going to come to Angie's town on her book tour．The teacher told Liesl that he was going to bring Angie，who was totally different from the past，to meet her．Liesl will never forget that night．Liesl hugged Angie tightly．They talked，they laughed，they cried，while Angie's teacher watched from the sidelines，smiling at this moment．He made it happen．Liesl wrote a book，but it was he who put it in that girl's hands and heart． 课时分层作业(九) Ⅰ．阅读理解 A To protect people living in areas that are likely to suffer flooding and rising sea levels，a group of architects has designed a floating home． The project is a collaboration between British architect firm Grimshaw and Dutch manufacturer Concrete Valley．Currently at the design stage，the home will be constructed using a concrete and glass framework，which sits on a floating pontoon structure．In the event of a tidal surge or flooding，the pontoon rises with the water level to keep the home safe．Fitted with solar panels and heat exchangers，the water home will be able to produce their own electricity during power cuts，in the event of a storm． Other firms are exploring floating homes，too．In the UK，Baca Architects has partnered with manufacturer Floating Homes．Their design was originally an entry to a competition to reduce London's housing shortage，and has since been turned into a prototype．Baca Architects is exploring ways to provide practical，affordable，flood-resistant additional city housing，which could occupy unnecessary docks，canals and other waterways throughout London，director Richard Coutts told the Guardian． As the planet's atmosphere warms，areas such as the Arctic are melting fast，contributing to rising sea levels and higher risk of flooding．The ocean is already reclaiming land in some parts of the world．With the global population set to reach 9.8 billion people by mid-century，extreme flooding could further add pressure to limited land，water，food and other resources．These challenges are at the heart of the Virtual Ocean Dialogues，an initiative by the World Economic Forum and Friends of Ocean Action．The online event provides a forum for more than 50 world leaders to address the most pressing challenges facing our oceans and develop ways to protect them． While floating homes may be a common feature in parts of Asia and other developing regions，they are emerging as a way to relieve overcrowding and protect people in busy cities and urban areas which are likely to suffer from flooding． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。漂浮房屋正在被探索中。文章介绍了这种房屋的一些特点和需求背景。 1．What makes it possible to produce electricity in the floating home? A．The concrete and glass framework． B．The tidal power． C．Solar panels and heat exchangers． D．The floating pontoon structure． C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Fitted with solar panels and heat exchangers，the water home will be able to produce their own electricity during power cuts，in the event of a storm．”可知，太阳能电池板和热交换器使得在漂浮的房子里发电成为可能。故选C。] 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Floating homes will be useful but costly． B．Floating homes have been put into use in London． C．Baca Architects' design was to ease the housing burden at first． D．There is a competition among firms in the UK to explore floating homes． C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Their design was originally an entry to a competition to reduce London's housing shortage，and has since been turned into a prototype．”可知，Baca建筑事务所的设计最初是为了减轻住房负担。故选C。] 3．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word “reclaiming” in paragraph 4? A．Restoring． B．Reoccupying． C．Redeveloping．　 D．Reshaping． B　[词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词上文以及“The ocean is already reclaiming land in some parts of the world．”可知，海平面上升导致世界上的一些地方已经被海洋再次占领了。故画线词意思是“再占领”。故选B。] 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Melting Oceans Are Causing Rising Sea Levels B．A Forum Is Ongoing to Explore Floating Homes C．Many Firms Are Working Together to Reduce Housing Shortage D．Floating Homes Are Emerging to Protect People from Flooding D　[标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合文章主要说明了漂浮房屋正在被探索中，为缓解过度拥挤，为一些容易遭受洪水和被淹没的地区提供解决方案。文章介绍了这种房屋的一些特点和需求背景。可知，D选项“漂浮房屋正在兴起，以保护人们免受洪水侵袭”最适合用作文章标题。故选D。] B A new finding from Cambridge scientists has shown that an artificial intelligence (AI) system can acquire features of the brains of humans in order to solve tasks．　 “Not only is the brain great at solving complex problems，but it does so while using very little energy．In our new work we show that considering the brains' problem-solving abilities alongside its goal of spending as few resources as possible can help us understand why brains look like they do，” said Jascha Achterberg，a scholar at the University of Cambridge． In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence，Achterberg and his colleagues created an artificial system intended to model a simplified version of the brain．Instead of real neurons in brains，the system used computational nodes(节点)． The researchers gave the system a simple task to complete，where it had to combine multiple pieces of information to decide upon the shortest route to get to the destination．One of the reasons the team chose this particular task is that to complete it，the system needs to maintain a number of elements—start location，end location and intermediate steps—and once it has learned to do the task reliably，it is possible to observe，at different moments in a trial，which nodes are important． Initially，the system does not know how to complete the task and makes mistakes．But when it is given feedback it gradually learns to get better at the task．The system then repeats the task until eventually it learns to perform it correctly．　 Co-author Professor Duncan Astle said，“This simple task forces artificial systems to produce some quite complicated characteristics．Interestingly，they are characteristics shared by biological systems．I think that tells us something fundamental about why our brains are organised the way they are．” The team also believes their findings are likely to be of interest to the AI community，too，where they could allow for the development of more efficient systems． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。剑桥大学科学家的一项新发现表明，人工智能系统可以获取人类大脑的特征，以解决任务。 5．Which best describes the brains of humans according to the text? A．Intelligent．　 B．Efficient．　 C．Adaptive．　 D．Imaginative． B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的“Not only is the brain great at solving complex problems，but it does so while using very little energy．”可知，人类的大脑是很高效的。故选B。] 6．Why did researchers assign the route-finding task? A．To require decision-making process． B．To complete it without any effort． C．To result in various node sizes． D．To involve specific procedures． A　[推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，研究人员分配寻路任务是因为他们想要获得制定决策的过程。故选A。] 7．What can we infer about the system from the last two paragraphs? A．It shows limits of artificial intelligence． B．It needs human instructions to progress． C．It performs complicated tasks by learning． D．It has much in common with human brains． D　[推理判断题。根据第五段“Initially，the system does not know how to complete the task and makes mistakes．But when it is given feedback it gradually learns to get better at the task．The system then repeats the task until eventually it learns to perform it correctly．”和最后一段内容可知，这项人工智能系统和人类大脑的特征有很多都是一样的。故选D。] 8．What is the research team's attitude toward the finding? A．Cautious． B．Enthusiastic． C．Hopeful．　 D．Skeptical． C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The team also believes their findings are likely to be of interest to the AI community，too，where they could allow for the development of more efficient systems．”可知，该团队对人工智能的发展充满希望。故选C。] Ⅱ．应用文写作 假定你是李华，你正在做一个问卷调查，以了解中英高中生在未来大学专业选择上的差异。请你用英文给英国好友Eric写封邮件，内容包括： 1．活动目的； 2．问卷内容； 3．请求答卷并转发。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [参考范文] Dear Eric， I'm currently researching the differences in university major preferences between Chinese and British students．Could you please take a moment to fill out my questionnaire? With the aim to identify the most popular majors both in China and the UK，explore the decision-making factors and guidance sources for students，the questionnaire includes the following three questions—What are your top three favorite majors? From which aspect of the major would you consider? Who would you turn to when choosing a major? It'd be highly appreciated if you could forward the survey to your friends and fellow students．Looking forward to your reply． Yours， Li Hua 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$