19 UNIT 3 Careers and skills Period 5 课文整体教学-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 5　 课文整体教学(Extended reading) 1．What is the purpose of the job interview? A．To kill the boring time． B．To find a person with common interests． C．To accomplish a task assigned by the manager． D．To find a suitable position or an appropriate employee． 2．What should a candidate do to make a good first impression? ①Dress appropriately and have a good shave．②Take your personal laptop．③Have a good night's rest to look refreshed．④Check the address，decide proper mode of transport and arrive early． A．①③④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①②④ 3．Who may be most interested in the passage? A．A professor preparing for a new report． B．A college graduate searching for an ideal job． C．An engineer involved in designing a practical project． D．A new teacher hunting for some novel teaching methods． 4．What does “reaching the end of the rainbow” in the last paragraph mean? A．Becoming successful． B．Falling in love with rainbow． C．Giving up the opportunity． D．Feeling disappointed about the rain． [答案]　1－4　DABA 1．profile n．概述；形象；侧面轮廓 vt．概述，写简介 ①(教材原句)Find out about the company and the post you are interviewing for through the company profile． n．概述 ②We could see the profile of a distant hill if it is very clear． n．侧面轮廓 ③His career is profiled in this month's journal． vt．概述 ④They have done a lot to change the profile of their company． n．形象 2．firm adj．强有力的，坚决的；坚固的；坚定的；牢固的；确定的 n．商行，公司 ①(教材原句)So start with a firm handshake and a genuine smile when greeting the interviewer． adj．强有力的 ②The firm has close ties with an American corporation． n．公司 ③We have no firm evidence to support the case． adj．确定的 1．(学会断句)The odds are/that you've never been a candidate/for a particular job before，but my advice will help you gain the upper hand/as you set off and step into the world of employment． [分析]　本句为but连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，that引导表语从句；后面的分句中，as引导时间状语从句。 [翻译]　可能你之前从未当过某项职位的求职者，但是(没关系)，我的建议能让你在初涉职场时赢得先手。 2．(学会断句)An interview is/a conversation between an employer and a potential employee，which allows the interviewer/to assess the job applicant/to see /if he or she is suitable for the position． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中which引导非限制性从句，修饰先行词a conversation；动词不定式短语to see...position作目的状语，其中if引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　面试是雇主和潜在雇员之间的一次对话，它使面试官可以评估求职者是否适合这个职位。 3．(学会断句)Once you've done your homework/about the company and the position，make a list of questions/that could be asked during the interview/and think about/how to best answer them． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中Once引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词questions。 [翻译]　针对公司和职位做足功课之后，列出在面试中可能会被问到的问题，并想想如何给出最佳答案。 1．(续写佳句)Practice makes perfect． 熟能生巧。 2．(应用文佳句)Keep at it until you can concisely and confidently present your best self． 坚持练习，直到你能够简洁而自信地展现出最好的自我。 3．(应用文佳句)I wish you the best of luck! 祝你好运！ 1．gain the upper hand 处于有利地位，有优势 at hand　　　　　　　 (在时间或距离上)接近 give/lend sb．a hand 帮某人一把 hand in hand 手拉手 in hand 在手头；正在处理中 on the other hand 另一方面 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Olympic organizers say that matters are well in hand． ②I went over to see if I could lend a hand． ③我们队在下半场占了上风。 Our team gained the upper hand in the second half． 2．applicant n．申请人 (1)apply vi．& vt．　　　　 申请；请求；应用；涂(油漆、乳剂) apply sth．to sth． 将某物应用于某物 apply oneself to 专心致志于；致力于 apply to sb．for sth． 向某人申请某物 apply to do sth． 申请做某事 be applied to/apply to 适用于；应用于 apply for 申请；请求 (2)application n． 请求，申请，申请书；应用，运用 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They may apply to join(join) the organization． ②The application (apply) of the technology is likely to greatly expand humanity's understanding of the mysteries of life and the evolution of living things． ③The applicant (apply) has experience in teaching and ，more relevantly in industry． ④得知下个月将举办一个中国画画展，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。 Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held next month，I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer． 3．prior adj．在前的；优先的，占先的 (1)prior to 　　　　　 在……之前 (2)priority n． 优先处理的事；优先权 give priority to 优先考虑……；给……优先权 have/take priority over 优先于……；比……重要 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You are requested to reconfirm your reservation within 48 hours prior to your departure． ②Historical and cultural heritage is a valuable resource that is neither renewable nor replaceable，and its protection should always be given top priority (prior)． ③人们普遍认为，学校应该优先考虑学生的全面发展。 It is well acknowledged that schools should give priority to students' well-round． 4．delay n．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi．& vt．延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 (1)without delay 　　　 毫不耽搁地；立即地 a delay in doing sth． 耽误做某事 (2)delay sb．/sth．　　　 耽搁某人/某事 delay doing sth． 拖延做某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They had delayed having (have) children，for the usual reason，to establish their careers． ②We must leave without delay，otherwise，we will be late for the meeting． ③为了防止人类继续危害自然，所有这些措施都必须立即被执行。 To prevent human beings from going on harming nature，all these measures must be carried out without delay． 5．relevant adj．紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的 (1)be relevant to...　　　　 与……有关 (2)irrelevant adj． 无关的；不切题的 be irrelevant to sth．/sb． 与某事/某人不相关 (3)relevance n． 紧密相关，切题 have no relevance to 与……无关/不相关 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry． ②The parts irrelevant(relevant) to the topic of the essay should be cut out． ③所有应聘这份工作的申请人应该在5月21日前上交相关材料。 All applicants who have applied for the job are supposed to present relevant materials before May 21st． “疑问词＋动词不定式”结构 (教材P39)Today I'll be talking about what to do if you're asked to go for a job interview． 今天我想讲一下，如果你被通知去参加求职面试，应该怎么做。 [句式分析]　本句为复合句，if引导条件状语从句，what to do为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作talk about的宾语。 It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to study in senior high school． 我很荣幸在这里和你们交流关于在高中要学习什么的我的看法。 (1)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how等； (2)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式； (3)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可转换为从句； (4)在“疑问代词＋动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She stared blankly into space，not knowing what to say (say) next． ②When you were trying to figure out what to buy (buy) for the environmentalist on your holiday list，fur probably didn't cross your mind． ③If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome，it would be Yellow Hostel． ④如果你能给我们一些如何提高英语学习的建议，我会感激不尽的。 I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our English study． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．They were arguing for a delay in introducing(introduce) the new law． 2．We are trying to make politics more relevant to younger people． 3．The home team gained the upper hand when their opponents' star quarterback went out with an injury． 4．Applicants(applicant) for the job must have a driver's license and access to a car． 5．I don't know how to increase (increase) my reading speed． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．在选择职业前，我已经仔细考虑过要做什么。 Prior to choosing a career，I've thought twice about what to do． 2．我真的不知道是否接受她的邀请。(whether＋不定式) I really don't know whether to accept her invitation． 3．他没有马上把这个好消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说来给她一个大惊喜。 He delayed telling her the good news，waiting for the right moment to give her a big surprise． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Good morning，everyone．Today I'll be talking about what to do if you're asked to go for a job interview． After understanding the purpose of an interview，you should make good 1．preparations (preparation) prior to the interview．For instance，find more information about the company and the position through the company profile and website and analyse your own strengths and weaknesses．You can also make a list of questions 2．that/which may be asked and think about how to best answer 3．them (they)．What's more，you should practice interviews．In addition，in order 4．to make (make) a good first impression， dress 5．appropriately (appropriate)，get a good night's rest and arrive early．During the interview，listen carefully to the questions，and pay attention 6．to the interviewer's responses． And your body languages should also 7．be noticed (notice)．Try to use some positive body languages and avoid the negative ones．At the end of 8．the interview，you can ask questions giving you a better picture of the company while allowing you to address any strengths you weren't able to bring up naturally．After the interview，you should follow it up by 9．writing (write) to thank the interviewer for giving you the opportunity and again express your interest in working for the company． If you follow these steps and put your best foot forward in your interview，you will be one step 10．closer (close) to reaching the end of the rainbow and obtaining your dream job．I wish you the best of luck! 课时分层作业(八) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．The governing body is charged with managing the school within its budget(预算)． 2．All applicants(申请人)will be considered regardless of age，sex，religion or nationality． 3．You must seize (抓住) the opportunity and make full use of it． 4．All candidates(应试者) will be required to take a short test before having an interview． 5．The economic difficulties that we are facing now are temporary(临时的)． Ⅱ．选词填空 earn a living，prior to，be fond of，put one's best foot forward，gain the upper hand 1．He earns a living by writing novels and poems but it is not enough to support his family． 2．Many young people are fond of pop music while most old people prefer classic music． 3．If a person places money prior to anything else，he couldn't enjoy the happiness in life． 4．Don't let your feelings gain the upper hand． 5．Putting your best foot forward is essential if you want to get hired，so get well prepared to make a good first impression． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A new research from the University of Michigan stated，“People tend to have one of three beliefs about the meaning of work and which category you fall into largely depends on your parents．” Workers who are job-oriented (有工作倾向的) are those just trying to make a living who much prefer the activities they pursue outside of the office．Career-oriented adults value the social status and fame that comes with professional achievement．Calling-oriented people do work that they are passionate about because they want to have a positive impact on the world． In the first study into how these orientations originate，researchers found that how teenagers perceive their parents' work habit is central to the development of their own work attitudes．It's not a straightforward transfer of values．People who perceive their father to have a strong career-orientation are more likely to be career-oriented themselves—but career-determined mothers have no effect on their kids' work orientation．The researchers owed this to generational gender norms．When the study's participants were teenagers，mostly in the 1980s，men were more commonly employed outside of the home and were more likely than women to hold “career” jobs with opportunity for advancement．Mothers do have a notable effect on whether children have a job-orientation mentality．Teenagers who are close to their mothers are less likely to view work as just a job when they grow up，probably because they've been raised to value social，rather than instrumental life experience． Having both parents display the same work ethic (行为准则) has a strong influence，but only in the case of calling-oriented offspring．As the society nowadays favors money and professional achievement，a child with two calling-oriented parents is more likely to have the confidence to ignore these societal pressures and pursue his/her dreams．Children can affect their parents' work ethic，too．Allowing people to bring their children into the office has been shown to boost efficiency and productivity and could help raise that next generation of career-oriented workers． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了工作意义信仰，分为职业导向、事业导向和使命驱动导向，以及他们如何受父母影响。 1．What motivates calling-oriented people to do work they like? A．To achieve social status and fame． B．To pursue activities outside the office． C．To believe they can earn them much money． D．To make a positive contribution to the world． D　[细节理解题。文章第一段提到“Calling-oriented people do work that they are passionate about because they want to have a positive impact on the world．”，表达了具有使命驱动导向的人希望通过他们的工作为世界做出积极的贡献。故选D。] 2．What is crucial in shaping the work attitudes of teenagers? A．Peer pressure． B．Personal preferences． C．Educational background． D．Awareness of parents' work habits． D　[细节理解题。文章第二段提到“People who perceive their father to have a strong career-orientation are more likely to be career-oriented themselves—but career-determined mothers have no effect on their kids' work orientation．”，指出青少年对父母工作习惯的感知对于塑造他们的工作态度至关重要。故选D。] 3．Why are children close to mothers less likely to be job-oriented? A．Because mothers value social life experience． B．Because mothers focus on instrumental life experience． C．Because mothers tend to have a stronger career orientation． D．Because mothers emphasize the importance of work as just a job． A　[细节理解题。文章第二段提到“Teenagers who are close to their mothers are less likely to view work as just a job when they grow up，probably because they've been raised to value social，rather than instrumental life experience．”，解释了青少年与母亲亲近可能更不倾向于以工作为导向的原因，很可能是因为他们在成长过程中被教育要重视社会生活经验而不是指导性的生活经验，故选A。] 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The influence of societal pressures on work beliefs． B．The preferences of workers in different occupations． C．The impact of parental work habits on teenagers' attitudes． D．The relationship between money and professional achievement． C　[主旨大意题。这篇文章的主要思想是关于父母如何影响孩子的工作态度。这篇文章讨论了三种不同的工作导向(工作导向、事业导向和使命驱动导向)，以及青少年对父母工作习惯的看法如何影响他们自己的工作态度。故选C。] Ⅳ．完形填空 Zhang Qian，an outstanding diplomat and explorer in the Han Dynasty，with a pioneering and adventurous 1 as well as a strong and unyielding character，was 2 as the “pioneer of the Silk Road”，“the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the 3 ”． As early as 2，000 years ago，Zhang Qian was 4 on a mission to seek allies in the west of China to 5 the enemies in northern tribes．Along the way，no matter how difficult the environment was，his 6 was firm．But soon Zhang was 7 by the Huns just as he left Han territory and was held prisoner for a dozen years． After an eleven spring and autumn recycling，the Huns' 8 became loose．Hence，Zhang ran away with his personal 9 ．They continued to travel west without any dry food or drinking water．Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows，they 10 by eating birds and animals along the way．After several days，they 11 arrived in Amu Darya Area．However，people there enjoyed their life and didn't want any war．Though Zhang didn't finish his mission，he brought back precious 12 of the Western Regions． Due to the 13 of Zhang Qian，the Silk Road started．Through his diplomatic practice，the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han and Western countries was 14 ，and the cultural and economic exchanges between the east and the west were promoted．Zhang's journey to the Western Regions breathed new 15 into the civilization and progress of the whole world． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了张骞历经艰险出使西域，开启了“丝绸之路”的故事，及其对促进东西方文化和经济交流的影响。 1．A．will　 B．spirit C．team　 D．tradition B　[根据下文“‘pioneer of the Silk Road’，‘the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world’”可知，张骞具有开拓冒险精神和坚强不屈的性格。故选B。] 2．A．played　 B．dressed C．mistaken　 D．honored D　[空后是张骞赢得的几项荣誉称号，be honored as表示“被誉为”，符合题意。故选D。] 3．A．north　 B．east C．south　 D．west B　[根据上文“Zhang Qian，an outstanding diplomat and explorer in the Han Dynasty”可知，张骞是中国汉朝人，故被誉为“东方的哥伦布”。故选B。] 4．A．assigned　 B．frozen C．withdrawn　 D．stuck A　[根据空后“on a mission to seek allies in the west of China”可知，张骞被派到中国西部寻求盟友。故选A。] 5．A．compromise with　 B．take over C．fight against　 D．learn from C　[根据空后“the enemies in northern tribes”可知，此处指对抗北方部落的敌人。故选C。] 6．A．statement　 B．position C．faith　 D．reputation C　[根据句意及下文他被囚禁了十几年可知，无论环境多么艰难，他的信念始终坚定。故选C。] 7．A．captured　 B．persuaded C．threatened　 D．challenged A　[根据下文“was held prisoner for a dozen years”可知，张骞离开汉朝领土后不久，被匈奴人囚禁了十几年。由此可知，张骞被俘虏了。故选A。] 8．A．watch　 B．atmosphere C．investigation　 D．requirement A　[根据下文“Hence，Zhang ran away”可知，张骞逃了出来。由此可知，此处指匈奴人的警戒放松了。故选A。] 9．A．cattle　 B．waitresses C．cooks　 D．guards D　[根据下文“They continued to travel west”可知，他们继续向西前行。由此可知，张骞带着他的贴身护卫一起逃跑了。故选D。] 10．A．surrounded　 B．survived C．sheltered 　 D．strengthened B　[根据空后“by eating birds and animals along the way”可知，尽管没有干粮和水，但是由于高超的射箭技术，他们通过沿途猎食鸟类和动物，活了下来。故选B。] 11．A．constantly　 B．violently C．extensively　 D．eventually D　[根据上下文可知，张骞一行人历经艰险，终于到达阿姆河地区。故选D。] 12．A．secrets　 B．valuables C．knowledge　 D．slaves C　[根据上下文可知，虽然张骞没有完成(为汉武帝寻找盟友的)使命，但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。故选C。] 13．A．greed　 B．wealth C．effort　 D．violence C　[根据下文“the Silk Road started”可知，张骞出使西域促进了中国和西方国家的物质文化交流，所以由于他的努力，“丝绸之路”开始了。故选C。] 14．A．constructed　 B．reformed C．preserved　 D．assessed A　[根据空后“and the cultural and economic exchanges between the east and the west were promoted”可知，通过张骞的外交实践，架起了汉朝与西方国家友好交往的桥梁。故选A。] 15．A．smell　 B．vitality C．format　 D．discipline B　[根据上下文可知，张骞出使西域，为世界文明与进步注入了新的活力。故选B。] Ⅴ．语法填空 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，1． (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food．The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot．To eat one，you have to decide whether 2． (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，3． to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头)． Shanghai may be the 4． (recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace．There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 5． hand rather than rolled． Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 6． (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7． (they) contents．The meat should be fresh with 8． touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious． No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is 9． (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left 10． (want) more next time． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的特色小吃小笼包，包括其吃法、发源地等。 1．tasty　[考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故填形容词tasty。] 2．to bite　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查“whether＋不定式”结构，空处与下文的to put是并列关系。] 3．or　[考查连词。whether...or...，“是……还是……”，是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。] 4．recognized 　[考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。] 5．by　[考查介词。by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配，故填by。] 6．to be lifted　[考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth．to be done结构，意为“允许某事物被做”，故空处填to be lifted。] 7．their　[考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。] 8．a　[考查冠词。a touch of“少许，微量”，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。] 9．rarely　[考查副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。] 10．wanting　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查leave sb．doing sth．结构，表示“使某人一直做某事”。] 8 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$