17 UNIT 3 Careers and skills Period 3 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．earn a living 谋生 (1)earn one's /a living(＝make a living) 　　　　　　　 谋生 earn money(＝make money) 挣钱 earn sb．sth． 使某人赢得/获得…… earn a reputation 赢得声誉 earn one's respect 赢得某人的尊敬 (2)earnings n． 收入；工资 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You can't expect to earn a living from your painting． ②Average earnings (earn) for skilled workers are rising． ③你的努力将会为你赢得佳誉。 Your efforts will earn you a good reputation． 2．passion n．酷爱；强烈情感；盛怒，激愤 (1)have a passion for　　 酷爱……；对……有热情 get into a passion 突然发怒 in a passion 发怒 have a passion for music 酷爱音乐 (2)passionate adj． 热诚的；狂热的 be passionate about... 热爱……；对……充满热情 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We have a passion for design and wish to share with you! ②That girl stamps her foot when she is in a passion． ③我知道你对中国文化有着浓厚的兴趣，我写信邀请你参加我们学校举办的汉语演讲比赛。 Knowing that you have a great passion for Chinese culture，I'm writing to invite you to participate in the Chinese Speaking Competition organized by our school． 3．anticipate vt．预料；预计 (1)anticipate doing sth．　 　 预期/预见做…… anticipate that... 预测/预见…… It is anticipated that... 据预测…… (2)anticipated adj． 受期待的；令人期盼的；预期的 (3)anticipation n． 预料；预见；预计；期望 in anticipation of 期待着；预料着 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①The eagerly anticipated(anticipate) movie will be released next month． ②They anticipate moving(move) to bigger premises by the end of the year． ③She tensed her muscles in anticipation(anticipate) of the blow． ④We anticipate that he will resign as manager of the company to make room for the young． →It is anticipated that he will resign as manager of the company to make room for the young． 4．superior adj．更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人 (1)be superior to　　　 比……更胜一筹(更好、更强) be inferior to 次于……；不如…… be junior to 比……年轻/资历浅 be senior to 比……年长/资历深 (2)superiority n． 优势；优越(性) [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He had a well-developed sense of his own superiority (superior)． ②If children were made to feel inferior to other children，their confidence would decline． ③他们很快就意识到对方的队员远比自己的强。 They soon realized that the opposing team's players were far superior to their own． 5．hire vt．& vi．聘用，雇用；租用 n．新雇员；租借 (1)hire sb．to do sth．　 雇用某人做某事 hire sth．out 出租…… hire oneself out(to sb．) 为(某人)工作；受雇于；受聘于 (2)for hire 供出租的 on hire from... 供……租用的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He hired her to work (work) in the fields for one summer． ②Why don't you hire out your car to your neighbors while you're away? ③You can get boats on/for hire here． ④他以前从事临时服务业。 He hired himself out to whoever needed his services． 1．“疑问词＋ever”引导的从句 (教材P30)Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be，work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of，and consequently，it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction． 无论我们的兴趣在哪里，无论我们的职业选择是什么，工作让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情，因此，它可以给我们极大的成就感和满足感。 [句式分析]　本句中wherever和whatever分别引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where和no matter what。 Wherever I go in the future，I'll make great efforts to preserve and enrich our own traditional culture． 将来无论我去哪里，我都会尽最大努力保护并丰富我们自己的传统文化。 (1)whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；引导让步状语从句时相当于“no matter＋what/which/who/whom”，在引导名词性从句时只能用疑问词＋ever； (2)wherever，whenever，however只能引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter＋where/when/how”。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We need to do whatever we can to exhibit the long history and cultural heritage of Chinese civilization，and encourage the world to better understand China． ②However carefully I explained to her，she still didn't understand it． ③I'm so grateful that he will stay here until the end of this year，so I can come to see him whenever I want． ④无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。 No matter what/Whatever problem he meets with，he never gives up． 2．it作形式宾语 (教材P31)Our rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills． 我们瞬息万变的工作环境使我们有必要跟上并增加新的技能。 [句式分析]　本句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep up and develop new skills。 Even now I find it hard to believe her words． 即使现在，我发现仍然很难相信她的话。 it作形式宾语还可以用于以下句型： (1)动词＋it＋that从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have，take，put，like 等。 (2)动词＋it＋when (if)从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等。 (3)动词＋prep.＋it＋that从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to，look to，insist on，stick to，rely on，answer for 等。 (4)动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted，bring it to sb.'s attention，owe it to sb.等。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You can put it that it was arranged before． ②We really appreciate it when she offered to help． ③My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend (spend) time outside，no matter what the weather or season is． ④尽管我发现解决这个问题很困难，但我仍将竭尽全力解决它。 While I find it difficult to solve the problem，I will try my best to work it out． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．However small the act of kindness is，it will make a positive difference to the world． 2．He makes it a rule to read aloud and recite ten English words every morning． 3．“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age，” Matt added． 4．The company was in the business to hire out cars to businessmen． 5．This model is technically superior to its competitors． 6．He wished to earn a living through writing but despaired of doing so． 7．We eagerly anticipated gaining (gain) more instructions from the lecture given by Professor Li． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．毫无疑问，新方法优于旧方法。 There is no doubt that the new method is superior to the old one． 2．他努力让孩子们对他的课感兴趣，并取得了很大的进步。 He endeavors to make children interested in his classes and has made great progress． 3．不管学生什么时候有困难，他总是帮助他们。 Whenever the students are in trouble，he is always there to help them． 4．这会很困难，但我们预测他会渡过难关。 It's going to be tough but we anticipate that he will pull through． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Why do we work? Actually，there 1．are (be) many important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work． Through the work we do，our goals can 2．be attained(attain) and our dreams achieved．Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be，work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of，and consequently，it can give us 3．a great sense of achievement and satisfaction． Work can also help develop our skills，thus providing room 4．for personal growth．In order to better adapt ourselves to new circumstances，we must be ready and willing 5．to acquire (acquire) new skills． Not only does work benefit us personally，it also contributes to the health of society．In a 6．successful(success)，stable and productive society，all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another，so we should not have prejudice against any of them．Moreover，there are people 7．who/that choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit 8．themselves(they) to working for the benefit of others． Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us，something worth 9．remembering (remember) is that our work，when 10．done (do) well，will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others． 课时分层作业(七) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．Female workers constitute the majority of the labour(劳动) force． 2．It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary(薪水)． 3．His painstaking efforts to attain(获得) his pilot's licence are praiseworthy． 4．Illegal drinking clubs continue to operate(营业) in the city． 5．These prejudices(偏见) are particularly prevalent among people living in the North． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．Investors were storing up a lot of cash in anticipation (anticipate) of disaster． 2．Her passion for dancing has never decreased over the years． 3．A babysitter was hired (hire) to take care of the baby three months ago． 4．Have you found your computer is far superior to mine，running at a higher speed? 5．She earns more since she repackaged herself as a business consultant (consult)． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A Mental health is a growing worldwide problem．Because it can affect people at a young age，they'll often need treatment for many years．Artificial Intelligence (AI) will surely impact every aspect of modern life and society．Scientists and doctors have already begun to explore its potential for mental health research and treatment．Join us for this year's conference，where experts will discuss how AI will help people in their mental health therapy． Agenda 9：00 a.m．－10：00 a.m． Check In(Continental breakfast will be provided) 10：00 a.m．－11：00 a.m． Lecture's topic：A Fruitful Reciprocity(互惠)：The Neuroscience-AI Connection Speaker：Dr．Dan Yamins，Assistant Professor of Psychology and of Computer Science，Stanford University 11：00 a.m．－12：00 p.m． Lecture's topic：From AI for mental health to digital therapeutics Speaker：Dr．Aldo Faisal，Professor of AI & Neuroscience，Imperial College London 12：00 p.m．－1：30 p.m． Lunch Break 1：30 p.m．－2：30 p.m． Lecture's topic：Computational Psychiatry Speaker：Dr．Frederike Petzschner，Assistant Professor of Brain Science，Brown University 2：30 p.m．－3：30 p.m． Lecture's topic：What can GenAI teach us about the nature of intelligence? Speaker：Dr．Blaise Arcas，Researcher at Google Research 3：30 p.m．－4：30 p.m． Lecture's topic：Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging Speaker：Dr．Hugo Aerts，Associate Professor，Brigham and Women's Hospital; Full Professor at Maastricht University 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了今年即将召开的有关心理健康问题的会议，会议的主题是人工智能在治疗心理问题上的运用。 1．What is the topic of this year's conference? A．AI's advantage in modern society． B．AI's influence on people's daily life． C．The difficulty in treating mental health． D．Applications of AI in treating mental health． D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Join us for this year's conference，where experts will discuss how AI will help people in their mental health therapy．”可知，今年会议的主题是人工智能在治疗心理问题方面的运用。故选D。] 2．Who will talk about AI used in exploring brain power? A．Dr．Dan Yamins． B．Dr．Aldo Faisal． C．Dr．Blaise Arcas． D．Dr．Frederike Petzschner． C　[细节理解题。根据2：30 pm．－3：30 pm．中的“Lecture's topic可知，Dr．Blaise Arcas将解读AI对人脑智力的探究。故选C。] 3．How many lectures will be given during the conference? A．Three． B．Five．　 C．Seven．　 D．Eight． B　[细节理解题。根据日程安排表里有五个“Lecture's topic”可知，本次会议安排了五场讲座。故选B。] B This month I finally lived my dream：I visited behind the scenes at Disneyland，“the happiest place on Earth．” Watching thousands of smiling employees rushing around the park，completely absorbed in their work，I suddenly understood the magic behind the park and why joy had escaped me for so long． When I was younger，I tried to pursue happiness directly by creating as many happy moments as I could．However，no matter how many happy moments I had，they could not protect me from sadness．The sadness would unexpectedly arise when it shouldn't when I was with friends or family，when I had achieved success，and when I tried to create art．It was the persistence of this sadness that finally made me realize the truth：the Happy/Sad model was wrong． I updated my mental model to the Pleasure/Pain model．I saw that what I had called happiness was simply emotional pleasure，which was anything that confirmed the way I saw myself and the world．As I removed emotionally and physically painful moments from my life，I established a mental image of myself as a “happy person．” However，I was stuck in a one-dimensional emotional world． Wandering down the 19th street and waving to the 100th friendly costumed character，I finally found the words that completed my third model—Joy/Fear，one that gives real depth to life．Disneyland，with its immersive world and perfect performances，goes beyond creating happiness and lessening pain．It is carefully getting rid of fear．It removes the possibility of anything going wrong，of disappointing us．And behind the scenes，Disneyland works tirelessly to ensure that everything always run the way it should． Life is not Disneyland，however．Try as we might，we can't control the world around us or completely erase our fearful moments．But we can control how we approach life and how we understand our fears．And in the absence of that fear，joy arises． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者参观了迪士尼乐园的经历；作者认为人们只要用全身心的投入来对待生活，就会有真正的快乐。 4．What gives the author a deep insight into happiness at Disneyland? A．The beautiful scenes of Disneyland． B．The relaxing working environment． C．The smiling and committed staff． D．The magical life principle． C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Watching thousands of smiling employees rushing around the park，completely absorbed in their work，I suddenly understood the magic behind the park and why joy had escaped me for so long．”可知，笑容满面、兢兢业业的工作人员让作者对迪士尼乐园的快乐有了深刻的了解。故选C。] 5．The author was unhappy when younger because he/she ． A．had no close friends B．didn't get along well with family C．achieved no success in the art creation D．misunderstood the true meaning of happiness D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When I was younger，I tried to pursue happiness directly by creating as many happy moments as I could．However，no matter how many happy moments I had，they could not protect me from sadness．”及“It was the persistence of this sadness that finally made me realize the truth：the Happy/Sad model was wrong．”可知，作者年轻时之所以不快乐，是因为他/她误解了幸福的真谛。故选D。] 6．What does the author think of his/her second mental model? A．It is entirely subjective． B．It gives real depth to life． C．It focuses on temporary joy． D．It highlights the external state． A　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，作者认为他/她的第二种思维模式完全是主观的。故选A。] 7．What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A．Disneyland is a magical and joyful place． B．Emotional pleasure is the key to happiness． C．Fear is inevitable for all of us in the whole life． D．Approaching life with devotion brings genuine joy． D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Try as we might，we can't control the world around us or completely erase our fearful moments．But we can control how we approach life and how we understand our fears．And in the absence of that fear，joy arises．”可知，作者似乎在文章中传达了这样一种观点：用全身心的投入来对待生活，就会有真正的快乐。故选D。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 How to write a Cover Letter (求职信) Are you tired of your job and in the market for a new one? Many people are these days，and that can be a problem for job hunters． 1 A well-designed cover letter is the answer． The cover letter should be no more than one page in length．And it should explain why you are the best candidate for a job．The point of this letter is to help you stand out from the others． 2 Making a good impression in your cover letter means grabbing the reader's attention right away．In your first paragraph，quickly introduce yourself and talk about the position you are applying for． 3 This illustrates to employers that you can do your research—a key part of cover letters． 4 Each one should be tailored to the job you are applying for．So，before you start writing，find out some information about the job and the establishment．Then you'll know what the company values and which skills and experiences your letter should focus on． Following the opening paragraph，you can discuss the relevant experiences in your resume． 5 Talking about your background and skills shouldn't take more than a couple of paragraphs．From there，you can move to the closing of your letter． It's important to end on a strong note．In these last lines，you should repeat why you are a great fit．Then follow up with a polite request for an interview．This shows you are excited about the job and keen to it． A．Someone would refer to their education experiences in this part． B．A fine means is to tell why you fit the job and have a strong ending． C．One of the best ways to do that is by making a good first impression． D．You should show why you are interested in the job and the company． E．No matter how many you write，every cover letter should be different． F．How can you get the attention of employers with so much competition? G．You can give in-depth details about why your skills fit the company's needs． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了怎样写求职信。 1．F　[上文说明找工作不容易，选项F“在如此激烈的竞争中，你怎么能引起雇主的注意呢？”承接上文，提出怎样解决这个问题，引出下文“A well-designed cover letter is the answer．(一封精心设计的求职信就是答案)”，给出答案。故选F项。] 2．C　[上文说明求职信的重点是帮你脱颖而出，选项C“要做到这一点，最好的方法之一就是留下好的第一印象。”承接上文，说明脱颖而出的最好方法之一就是留下好的第一印象。下文对此做出进一步解释。故选C项。] 3．D　[上文建议在第一阶段，要介绍自己和所申请的职位，选项D“你应该说明你为什么对这份工作和公司感兴趣。”承接上文，说明自己对所申请的职位感兴趣，引出下文，这是向雇主说明你可以胜任这个职位。故选D项。] 4．E　[下文说明每个简历都和所申请的工作紧密相关，申请的工作不同，简历也要随之改变，选项E“不管你写了多少封求职信，每封求职信都应该是不同的。”引领下文，建议写不同的求职信。故选E项。] 5．G　[上文建议开头之后，详述相关经历，选项G“你可以详细说明为什么你的技能适合公司的需要。”承接上文，和上文是平行关系，建议要说明自己的技能适合所申请的公司，引出下文建议以上两项内容不应过长。G选项中skills和下文词汇重叠。故选G项。] 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$