15 UNIT 3 Careers and skills Period 1 单元词汇表-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 1　 单元词汇表(Wordlist) 1．labour n．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi．努力做；干苦力活 2．attain vt．获得；达到 3．passion n．酷爱；强烈情感 4．superior adj．更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人 5．operate vt．操作，使运行 vi．运转，工作；经营，营业 6．budget n．预算 7．loan n．贷款，借款；借出 vt．借出，贷与(尤指钱) 8．subjective adj．主观的 9．swing n．改变；摆动；秋千 vi．& vt．(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆 10．label n．标签；(不恰当的)称谓 vt．贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 11．delay n．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi．& vt．延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 12．justify vt．对……作出解释，为……辩解；证明……正确 13．seize vt．抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 14．hire vt．& vi．聘用，雇用；租用 n．新雇员；租借 15．criterion n．(pl．criteria) 标准，准则 1．Most of our students attained (attain) five “A” grades in their last exams． 2．Workmen were hired(hire) to remodel and enlarge the farm buildings last year． 3．Her success had justified (justify) the faith her teachers had put in her． 4．They seized (seize) the airport in a surprise attack． 5．What criteria (criterion) are used for assessing a student's ability？ 6．As he pushed her，she swung (swing) higher and higher． 7．Until his death in 1986 Greenwood owned and operated (operate) an enormous pear orchard． 8．The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed (delay)． 1．anticipate vt．预料；预计→anticipation n．期盼，预计，期望，预料 2．consult vi．& vt．咨询；请教；查阅；商量，协商→consultation n．咨询，磋商，就诊→consultant n．顾问；会诊医师 3．receive v．收到，接纳，接待→reception n．接待，接待处，招待会→receptionist n．接待员→receipt n．收据，接收，收到 4．detect vt．发现；查明→detection n．探测，发现，侦查→detective n．侦探，警探 5．qualify vt．(使)有资格，(使)有权→qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准→qualified adj．符合资格 6．apply vt．& vi．应用，使用；涂，施；有关，涉及；申请→application n．申请，应用，运用→applicant n．申请人 7．prior adj．在前的；优先的，占先的→priority n．优先处理的事；优先权 8．refresh vt．使恢复精力，使凉爽；使想起→refreshed adj．恢复了精力的，精神振作的 9．infer vt．推断，推论，推理→inference n．推断，推理，推论；推断的结果 1．If agriculture were given priority (prior)，the country would easily be able to feed itself． 2．He bought extra food in anticipation(anticipate) of more people coming than he'd invited． 3．He is a consultant(consult) on labour affairs to the mayor． 4．The receptionist(reception) is the first point of contact most people have with the clinic． 5．He left school with no formal qualifications(qualification)． 6．The job advertisement stipulates that the applicant(apply) must have three years' experience． 7．They felt refreshed(refresh) and invigorated after the walk． 8．There were two inferences (inference) to be drawn from her letter． 1．earn a living 谋生 2．be fond of 喜爱 3．weigh up 权衡，斟酌 4．put sth．on the line 让……处于危险之中 5．swing into action 立即行动起来，马上大干起来 6．gain the upper hand 处于有利地位，有优势 7．for the duration 直到……结束，在整个……期间 8．put one's best foot forward 全力以赴 1．He was virtually driven to this job，because he could not earn a living in any other way． 2．You have to weigh up in your mind whether to pursue the matter or not． 3．We were fond of the house and didn't want to leave． 4．She will need to put her political future on the line． 5．The police swung into action against the gunmen． 由新知联想已知 1．fond adj．喜爱 [联想]　英语中表示“喜欢”的词/词组还有be fond of，like，love，enjoy，prefer，appreciate，be into，favor等。 2．weekly adj．每周的 adv．每周地 n．周报，周刊 [联想]　monthly adj．每月的 adv．每个月 n．月刊 yearly adj．每年的，年度的 adv．每年，一年一度 daily adj．日常的，每日的 adv．每日，每天 n．日报 annual adj．每年的，年度的 n．年报，年鉴 3．subjective adj．主观的 [联想]　objective adj．客观的 positive adj．肯定的，积极的 negative adj．否定的，消极的 supportive adj．支持的，同情的 4．duration n．持续时间，期间 [联想]　during prep．在……期间 5．justify vt．对……作出解释，为……辩解；证明……正确 [联想]　以-fy结尾的动词 clarify v．澄清，阐明，净化 simplify v．使简化 classify v．把……分类 beautify v．美化 diversify v．(使)多样化 第一篇课文(Reading) ①enable sb．to do sth．使某人能够做某事 en-是个动词性的派生前缀，它与名词或形容词相缀合，构成动词。其意思相当于to put into(使……置于……)或to make(使……)。 ②labour force (全公司或全国的)劳动力 labour n．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi．努力做；干苦力活 ③earn a living谋生 ④by no means绝不 ⑤in the direction of朝……方向 ⑥meet with 遭遇；碰到 ⑦unexpected adj．出乎预料的；始料不及的 un-前缀通常表示“不”或“……的相反”。其构成的派生词一般具有否定意义，如unlock开锁，uncomfortable不舒服的。 ⑧be engaged in忙于，从事于 ⑨be fond of喜爱 ⑩consequently adv．因此，所以 ⑪excel v．擅长；突出；胜过平时 ⑫keep up 熟悉，了解；使某事物保持；使处于高水平 ⑬emerge vi．出现；浮现；显露 ⑭be satisfied with 对……感到满意 ⑮status quo 现状，原来的状况 to defend/restore the status quo维持现状；恢复原来的状况 ⑯circumstance n．情形；境况；环境 ⑰individual n．个人；个体；有个性的人 adj．个别的 ⑱contribute to有助于；是……的原因之一 ⑲public servant 公务员，公仆 servant n．雇员，职员；仆人 ⑳comfort zone 舒适区 ㉑commit oneself to致力于 ㉒for the benefit of为了……的利益 ㉓access n．(使用或见到的)权利，机会 ㉔lay out 铺开；规划；布置，安排 ㉕take pride in以……为荣 Work to live，live to work If you were asked the question，“Do you work to live or live to work？”，what would your answer be? Some might say that we work because we have to，not least because we need the salary that enables us to be① financially independent．[1] It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force② once our studies are completed．Indeed，it could be argued that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work．However，earning a living③ is by no means④ the only reason why we work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work．[2] [1]第一个that引导宾语从句；两个because是并列的原因状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the salary。 [2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，that在从句中作主语。 Through the work we do，our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved．All of us have had dreams of one kind or another and work often enables us to pursue those dreams．Henry David Thoreau said，“...if one advances confidently in the direction of⑤ his dreams，and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined [3]，he will meet with⑥ a success unexpected⑦ in common hours．” Yang Liwei，for example，driven by his passion for flying，became a pilot and then China's first astronaut in space．Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be[4]，work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in⑧ something we are fond of⑨，and consequently⑩，it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction． [3]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the life。 [4]wherever和whatever引导让步状语从句。 Work can also help develop our skills，thus providing room for personal growth．[5] When we work，we must practise our skills constantly and continuously until we excel⑪ in what we do．[6] Our rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up⑫ and develop new skills．Twenty years ago，positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist，and it is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge⑬ twenty years from now．[7] However，it is certain that no one can afford to be satisfied with⑭ the status quo⑮．In order to better adapt ourselves to new circumstances⑯，we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills．This can add to our sense of achievement and our knowledge that we are developing as individuals⑰ while we move along our chosen career path． [5]providing...是动词-ing形式短语在句中作状语。 [6]what引导宾语从句，作in的宾语。 [7]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the new positions。 Not only does work benefit us personally，it also contributes to⑱ the health of society．[8] At the most basic level，different types of jobs are like gears in a machine．They work to ensure that the machine we call “society” functions properly．In a successful，stable and productive society，all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another，so we should not have prejudice against any of them．Whether we are scientists，lawyers，doctors，public servants⑲，consultants，clerks，receptionists or butchers，we all make our respective contributions．Moreover，there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone⑳ and commit themselves to㉑ working for the benefit of㉒ others．For example，teachers in remote rural areas are devoted to changing the lives of the people with less access㉓ to the advantages enjoyed by many others．In this way，we work to advance our communities and bring success to our nation． Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out㉔ before us，something worth remembering is that our work，when done well，will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others．We can take pride in㉕ the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well-being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole． 为生活而工作，为工作而生活 如果有人问你“你是为了生活而工作还是为了工作而生活？”，你的答案是什么？有人可能会说，我们工作是因为我们必须工作，尤其是因为我们需要薪水来实现经济独立。当然，我们中的大多数人一旦完成学业就加入了劳动大军。事实上，可以说我们的教育是为了使我们为工作生活做好准备。然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因，促使我们进入工作世界的还有其他重要的原因。 通过我们所做的工作，我们的目标可以达成，我们的梦想也可以实现。我们每个人都有过这样或那样的梦想；工作常常使我们能够追求那些梦想。亨利·戴维·梭罗曾说过：“……一个人若自信地朝他梦想的方向前进，努力过他设想的那种生活，那么他就会在平常的时刻与成功不期而遇。”杨利伟就是这样，在飞行热情的驱使下，他成了一名飞行员，后来成为中国第一位在太空中的宇航员。无论我们的兴趣在哪里，无论我们的职业选择是什么，工作让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情，因此，它可以给我们极大的成就感和满足感。 工作也可以帮助我们增加技能，从而为个人的成长提供空间。当我们工作时，我们必须不断地练习我们的技能，直到我们在我们所做的事情上取得成功。我们瞬息万变的工作环境使我们有必要跟上并增加新的技能。二十年前，社交技术或能源效率方面的职位甚至还不存在，而且也难以预料二十年后将会出现的新职位。然而，可以肯定的是，没有人能够满足于现状。为了更好地使我们自己适应新的环境，我们必须准备并愿意获得新的技能。当我们沿着我们所选择的职业道路前进时，这可以增加我们的成就感和我们作为个体成长需要的知识。 工作不仅使我们个人受益，而且有助于社会的健康。在最基本的层面上，不同类型的工作就像机器上的齿轮。它们运转是为了确保我们所称之为“社会”的机器正常运转。在一个成功、稳定而有成效的社会里，所有的工作都同等重要，没有哪一份工作优于别的工作，因此我们对任何工作都不应该抱有偏见。无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、办事员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都作出了各自的贡献。此外，有些人选择走出自己的舒适区，致力于为他人的利益而工作。例如，偏远的农村地区的教师致力于改变人们的生活，而这些人享受许多其他人所享有的好处的机会很少。通过这种方式，我们努力推进我们的社区，为我们的国家带来成功。 无论生活把我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的选择是什么，值得记住的是，当我们工作做得好时，它不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助自己和他人创造生活。我们可以自豪地认识到，努力工作对我们个人的福祉以及整个社会的利益都是必不可少的。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$