03 UNIT 1 Honesty and responsibility Period 3 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务 (1)make an appointment with　 与……约会/预约/约定 make an appointment for sb．to do sth． 为某人约定做某事 keep/break an appointment 赴约/失约 (2)appoint vt． 任命；委任；安排，确定 appoint sb． 任命某人 appoint sth．(for sth．)　　　　 (为某事)确定(日期、场所) appoint sb．(as) sth． 任命某人为…… appoint sb．to do sth． 指派某人做某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The time appointed for the meeting was 10：30． ②He has been appointed (appoint) to the State Supreme Court in California． ③It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment (appoint) with my wife． ④一位新经理已被指派来管理这项工程。 A new manager has been appointed to direct the project． 2．tear down 拆毁，拆除 tear...off　　　 把……撕掉/扯掉/拉掉；脱掉(衣服) tear...up 把……撕碎 tear...apart 把……撕毁/成碎片 tear...away 依依不舍地离开；忍痛离去；把……拿走 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①For security，tear up/apart the paper before you put it in the trash can． ②Totally exhausted，he tore his clothes off and fell into bed． ③I found it hard to tear myself away from my new friends． ④很多老建筑被拆除，腾出地方来建造新住宅。 A lot of old buildings have been torn down to make way for new housing． 3．reliable adj．可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 rely vi．　　　　　　　　 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖 rely on/upon＝depend on/upon 信任；依赖；依靠 rely on sb．/sth．to do/doing... 依赖某人/某物做…… rely on sb．/sth．for... 指望某人/某物提供…… rely on it that... 指望……；相信…… [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①You have to demonstrate that you are reliable(rely)． ②Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to do/doing (do) everything for them． ③你可以相信，你有困难时我会帮你。 a．You can rely on me to help/helping you when you are in trouble． b．You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble． c．You can rely on it that I can help you when you are in trouble． 4．worthwhile adj．值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 (1)It's worthwhile doing/to do sth． 做某事是值得的 (2)worth adj． 值得，有价值 be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做(主动表被动) be worth it 值得 (3)worthy adj． 值得/应得……的；值得尊敬的 be worthy of... 值得(或应得)……；比得上/配得上…… be worthy of being done/to be done ……值得做 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①It is worth popularizing(popularize) this kind of club． ②It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations． ③保护海洋是值得的，毕竟，它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且保持了大自然的平衡。 a．It is worthwhile protecting/to protect the ocean and after all，it not only offers us sufficient food but also maintains the balance of nature．(worthwhile) b．The ocean is worth protecting/It's worth protecting the ocean and after all，it not only offers us sufficient food but also maintains the balance of nature．(worth) c．The ocean is worthy of being protected/to be protected and after all，it not only offers us sufficient food but also maintains the balance of nature．(worthy) 5．suspect vt．& vi．疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象 (1)suspect sb．of (doing) sth． 认为某人有(做)……嫌疑 suspect sb．to be... 怀疑某人是…… suspect that... 怀疑…… (2)a suspect of... ……的嫌疑犯 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He resigned after being suspected of theft． ②A number of suspects (suspect) have been hauled in for questioning． ③人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。 The drug is supected of causing over 200 deaths． 6．arrest n．& vt．逮捕，拘捕 (1)arrest sb．for (doing) sth．　 因(做)某事逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕 arrest one's attention＝draw/catch one's attention 引起某人的注意 (2)under arrest 被逮捕 make an arrest 进行拘捕 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She was under arrest on suspicion of murder． ②The police expected to make an arrest soon． ③那篇文章的题目吸引了我的注意。 a．The title of the essay arrested my attention． b．The title of the essay drew/caught my attention． 1．完全倒装句 (教材P2)In the doorway of a store stood a man，with an unlit cigar in his mouth． 一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。 [句式分析]　本句中表示方位的状语In the doorway of a store位于句首，句子使用完全倒装语序。 Below are some dos and don'ts for online learners． 以下是一些给在线学习者的注意事项。 完全倒装句常使用完全倒装的情况： (1)为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，表示方位的介词短语作表语或状语并置于句首时，句子使用完全倒装； (2)以副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now等开头，后面的动词是be，come，exist，fall，follow，go，lie，remain，seem， stand(表移动或动态的不及物动词)等时，句子使用完全倒装； (3)there引出完全倒装句，除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear，live，exist，lie，remain，seem to be，stand等，一般都表示“有”的含义，句子使用完全倒装； (4)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的动词-ing形式、过去分词置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In front of the building stands (stand) a marble statue． ②There once lived (live) a man known by the name of Tom． ③在全班同学静静地等待中传来了老师甜美的声音。 Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher's sweet voice． 2．形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth．结构 (教材P3)Twenty years is a long time，but not long enough to change the shape of a man's nose． 二十年是很长的时间，但不足以改变一个人鼻子的形状。 [句式分析]　本句中包含有“形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth．”结构。 Do you think your English is good enough to do desk work? 你认为你的英文程度好到足以做文书工作吗？ (1)形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth．结构意为“足够……可以做……”，enough前常用形容词或副词，该结构可与so/such...that...结构互换； (2)若enough前出现否定词，则不仅否定enough，而且也否定其后的动词不定式，意为“不够……而不能做……”，该结构可与“too...to...”句型互换。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句式转换 ①Would you be kind enough to take (take) my bag upstairs for me? ②The boy is not old enough to understand (understand) these complicated principles． ③Our English teacher is so generous and responsible that he offers us top tips on how to improve our English． →Our English teacher is generous and responsible enough to offer us top tips on how to improve our English． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．Trains are reliable(rely)，cheap and best for long-distance journeys． 2．The authorities said that Longdong is worthy of being promoted(promote) throughout the world． 3．I can guarantee you that you will be under arrest． 4．It was perfectly all right，he said，because the police had not suspected him of anything． 5．This is a permanent appointment(appoint)，requiring commitment and hard work． 6．The invading troops tore down the people's houses by force． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．就在我们的房子前面矗立着一棵有1 000年历史的大树。 Just in front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1，000 years． 2．这个大厅足够大来容纳所有的观众。 The hall is big enough to hold all the audience． 3．当地政府决定拆除这些建筑物来建一座公园。 The local government decided to tear down these buildings to build a park． 4．汤姆是一个可靠的人，所以和他相处是值得的。 It is worthwhile getting/to get along with Tom because he is a reliable man． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Policeman Jimmy Wells was walking along the street at 1．barely(bare) 10 p．m．when he saw a man standing in the dim doorway of a store with an 2．unlit (light) cigar．The man 3．was waiting (wait)for a friend who he had not seen for long．As he talked with Jimmy，the man 4．struck (strike) a match to light his cigar．The light showed 5．a little white scar near his right eyebrow．Jimmy realized that the man was not only his old friend Bob but also a man 6．wanted (want) in Chicago．He left quickly．About twenty minutes later， a man who claimed 7．himself(he) as Jimmy appeared．They talked about how each of them 8．had changed (change) over the past twenty years 9．until Bob suspected that the man was not Jimmy．Then the man said Bob was under arrest．It was Jimmy 10．who/that got the man to do the job．The policeman stuck to his principles． 课时分层作业(一) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire (铁丝网) fence． 2．I refuse to lie to the boss to get promoted because it's against my principle (道德原则)． 3．The police said there was not enough evidence to arrest (逮捕) him． 4．The couple brought the children to their grandpa and he blessed (祝福) them． 5．Our team outlined (概述) our proposals to the committee yesterday． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．Car park owners should be legally (legal) responsible for protecting vehicles． 2．It isn't worthwhile spending/to spend (spend) so much time on such minor problems． 3．He was suspected of giving away government secrets to the enemy． 4．For the third time in a row，she had failed to keep her appointment (appoint)． 5．Her innocence (innocent) and frankness when being interviewed added to her appeal． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A CATALONIA & LITTLE TRAINS OF THE PYRENEES Experience both the sparkling coast of Catalonia and the shimmering peaks of the Pyrenees as you spend time in both France and Spain on this enchanting holiday． 8 DAYS　　￡899pp Day 1：London & Roses Meet at London St Pancras and board the Eurostar to Paris，continuing to charming Roses for seven nights by rail and coach． Days 2—3：Roses & the Little Red Train Today is yours to explore beautiful Roses．You could head to the sweeping，sandy beach for a day of relaxation or find a quiet café on the seafront．On Day 3，journey on the fantastic Little Red Train，travelling through the dense green of the Pyrenees in cheery red carriages from Rivesaltes to the small town of Axat． Days 4—5：Girona & the Núria Valley Rack Railway Visit Girona，a city of storybook history that's full of museums and terracotta buildings．Day 5 features a journey on the Núria Valley Rack Railway，the only way to access this remote valley． Day 6：Roses Today you have another chance to explore beautiful Roses，an authentic Spanish fishing port． Days 7—8：Figueres & London Today takes you to Figueres for a visit to the Salvador Dali Foundation．Later，visit the town of Besalu，with its striking bridge．Leaving Roses on Day 8，travel by rail to Paris and join the Eurostar to London St Pancras． Please Note： DEPARTURES BETWEEN APRIL—OCTOBER 2025． ·Save ￡150pp on 2025 European holidays on new bookings made between 23rd December 2024 and 31st January 2025． Book now at raildiscoveries．com/FRS． Call 01904730557． Discover more． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一则关于旅行打折的广告：这个假期的体验地在法国和西班牙，游客可以体验加泰罗尼亚波光粼粼的海岸和比利牛斯山脉闪闪发光的山峰。 1．What can you do in Roses? A．Hike the Pyrenees． B．Relax at the seaside． C．Visit remote valleys． D．Enjoy beautiful roses． B　[细节理解题。从Days 2—3：Roses & the Little Red Train中“Today is yours to explore beautiful Roses．You could head to the sweeping，sandy beach for a day of relaxation or find a quiet café on the seafront．”可知，在Roses这个地方可以在海边放松身心。故选B项。] 2．On which day can you explore a city of history? A．Day 4．　 B．Day 5． C．Day 6．　 D．Day 7． A　[细节理解题。从Days 4—5：Girona & the Núria Valley Rack Railway中“Visit Girona，a city of storybook history that's full of museums and terracotta buildings．”可知，在第四天可以探索历史之城Girona。故选A项。] 3．What should be noted before you book the trip? A．Discounts end on 31st January 2025． B．Departures are available in March 2024． C．Earlier bookings result in greater savings． D．New customers can enjoy a 50% discount． A　[细节理解题。Please Note中提到了“Save ￡150pp on 2025 European holidays on new bookings made between 23rd December 2024 and 31st January 2025．”可知，折扣将于2025年1月31日结束。故选A项。] B “If you're Italian and Swedish，and Daddy's Italian and Polish，” my 7-year-old daughter asked，“does that mean I'm part Swedish，Polish and Italian？” “Well，not exactly...” I tried to think on my feet．Clearly it was time to explain some complicated things． My daughter arrived by using a donated egg．I carried her to term，but she carries all her genes from my husband and the donor．Any similarities we share are a result of nurture rather than nature．I often experienced a sense of shame，as if I had cheated nature．I also feared that my daughter would feel disconnected or pull away from me once she knew everything． However，we didn't want the information to come from anyone but us．I had referred to many related researches and results showing such families have better outcomes when parents tell kids about their special arrival early on，ideally by the time they're 7 years old．On the day when she asked the question，I bought a book You Began as a Wish by Kim Bergman，which talks about all the different ways kids come． After reading together，we talked a little longer about the different kinds of families we knew．I could see recognition in her warm brown eyes．“Could I be French? I love the Eiffel Tower and croissant (羊角面包)，” she asked expectantly．I thought back to the information of the donor application．“Actually，I think you are a little bit French．” “Yes！” She pumped her fist in the air． I know this is only the very beginning of these conversations，and things may be more complicated for my family from now on．But we get to work through whatever complications arise together，without secrecy or shame． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。一天，女儿问及自己是哪国人时，作者仔细地思考了一番，通过和女儿阅读一本书来认识不同类型的家庭，让女儿明白了自己的身份，不怕家庭秘密被知晓，家人间没有秘密和羞耻感。 4．What does the underlined phrase “think on my feet” possibly mean? A．Lie easily． B．Respond carefully． C．Treat it casually． D．Run away quickly． B　[词义猜测题。由第三段的“My daughter arrived by using a donated egg．”可知，作者的女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的，当女儿问及自己是哪国人时，作者认为这是一个复杂的问题，肯定要好好思考一番，谨慎回答她的问题。故选B项。] 5．What does the writer describe in the third paragraph? A．Her misfortune． B．Her plan． C．Her upset． D．Her regret． C　[推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，因为作者的女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的，其任何相似之处都是后天培养的结果，作者时常因此感到羞愧，作者担心女儿知道了真相会与自己疏远，可得出第三段描述了作者的困扰(upset)。故选C项。] 6．How did the writer possibly get prepared to solve the problem? A．Discussing openly． B．Reading widely． C．Waiting patiently． D．Thinking wisely． B　[细节理解题。由第四段的“On the day when she asked the question，I bought a book You Began as a Wish by Kim Bergman，which talks about all the different ways kids come．”和第五段的“After reading together，we talked a little longer about the different kinds of families we knew．”可知，作者是通过广泛阅读来解决女儿提出的问题的。故选B项。] 7．What kind of family does the writer have? A．Open and trustful． B．Happy and hard-working． C．Rich and caring． D．Brave and humorous． A　[推理判断题。由上文和最后一段的“But we get to work through whatever complications arise together，without secrecy or shame．”可知，作者的女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的，一天，女儿问及自己是哪国人时，作者仔细地思考了一番，通过和女儿阅读一本书来认识不同类型的家庭，让女儿明白了自己的身份，不怕家庭秘密被知晓，家人间没有秘密和羞耻感，可得出作者的家庭思想开明且相互信任。故选A项。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 Cultivating gratitude requires effort and a commitment to change．The following exercises can help you take on a grateful outlook． Practice mindfulness 1 ．Tap into your senses and let your mind linger on pleasant，everyday sensations．Focus on the taste of a ripe strawberry，for example，the feeling of the sun on your skin，or the gentle sound of background music．This can help ground you in the present，pulling you away from worrying． Keep a gratitude journal There are many ways to create a gratitude journal．First decide if you want to keep a physical journal that you write in or a digital list on your phone or computer． 2 ．You can update the journal on a weekly basis，ending the week by putting down three or four moments that you appreciated． 3 Build relationships by writing thank-you letters to people in your life．Go into detail about treasured memories from your relationship．Write about the positive effect they've had on your life．When you're done，you can mail or deliver the letters in person． Revisit and reframe past events Most of us can recall past events that we regret． 4 ．Although they may have led to disappointment，shame or even heartbreak，you've likely also learned something from these experiences． While these gratitude exercises can give your mood and outlook a welcome boost，it can take time for them to impact your mental health and overall well-being．Be patient and continue practicing gratitude．Turn the exercises into little rituals．In time，you may notice your stress levels drop and relationships strengthen． 5 ． A．Write notes of appreciation B．List what deserves appreciation C．A little gratitude can do harm to your mood D．Then，you'll have even more reasons to be grateful E．Then，consider how often you'll update the journal F．It could be anything from a failure to anger at a close friend G．Enjoying little moments in your life can be a way to cultivate gratitude 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养感恩之心的几种方法。 1．G　[根据下文可知，此处讲述要享受生活中的片刻时光，立足当下。G项“享受生活中的片刻时光是培养感恩之心的一种方式”符合语境，呼应标题Practice mindfulness“练习正念”。故选G。] 2．E　[上文讲述了首先要做的事情，选择写实体日记还是电子版的。E项“然后，考虑一下你多久更新一次日记”符合语境。故选E。] 3．A　[通读本段内容可知，本段介绍了培养感恩之心的方法是写感谢信，所以 A项“Write notes of appreciation”是本段的小标题。故选A。] 4．F　[上文讲到让我们感到后悔的事情。F项“它可以是任何事，从失败到对好朋友发火”符合语境，具体阐述一些令人后悔的事情。故选F。] 5．D　[上文说明练习感恩，使它变成习惯，假以时日就会感到压力下降，人际关系得到改善，因此推断D项“然后，你会有更多的理由去感恩”符合语境，对前文进行总结。故选D。] 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$