11 UNIT 2 Be sporty，be healthy Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．announce vt．宣布，宣告；通知 (1)announce sth．to sb． 向某人宣布某事 It is announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcer n． 广播员 announcement n． 通告；宣布 make an announcement 宣布；发布通知 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①An announcement (announce) was made that the amusement park would be closed． ②It was announced (announce) that our team took first place． ③She was planning to announce (announce) her marriage to Peter to her friends． ④她冲进办公室，宣布她已经提前完成了项目。 She burst into the office，announcing that she had completed the project ahead of time． 2．update vt．使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息 (1)update sb．on sth． 向某人提供有关某事的最新消息 an update on ……的最新消息 (2)updated adj． 现代化的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Our software，unless updated (update) on a regular basis，may not serve us well in our work． ②He was back in the office，updating (update) the work schedule on the computer． ③每天，我们都可以通过网络来获得一些其他国家或地方的最新消息。 Each day，we can get the update on other countries or places via the Internet． 3．in response to 对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 (1)response n． 回答，回应 make a response to 对……作出回应 (2)respond v． 回复，回应 respond to 对……回复 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Don't respond to any e-mails asking for personal information． ②The teacher was worried that her question got no response (respond) from his students． ③为响应救济地震灾民的呼吁，几百万人慷慨相助。 Millions of people gave freely in response to the call for help for the victims of the earthquake． 4．replace vt．用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新；把……放回原处 (1)replace sb．/sth． 取代某人/某物 replace...with... 用……替换…… (2)in place of sb．/sth．＝in sb．'s/sth．'s place＝take the place of sb．/sth． 取代/代替某人/某物 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks． ②It remains a puzzle why the newly replaced (replace) engine doesn't work well． ③After a heated discussion，we agreed on making a video in place of an album． ④智能手机已经取代电视成为最流行的娱乐形式。 Smartphones have replaced televisions as the most popular form of entertainment． 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 一、现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态概述 现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，其被动语态表示正在被做的动作；现在完成时动作发生于过去，但强调持续到现在或者对现在的影响，其被动语态表示持续到现在或者对现在产生的影响。其形式如下： 语态 现在进行时 现在完成时 主动 am/is/are doing has/have done 被动 be(am，is，are) being done has/have been done [观察探究] 指出下列句子中谓语动词的时态和语态。 (1)The report is currently being written by the team． 现在进行时，被动语态 (2)The cars have already been repaired by the mechanics． 现在完成时，被动语态 (3)The house is currently being renovated by the workers． 现在进行时，被动语态 (4)The project has already been completed by our team． 现在完成时，被动语态 [归纳用法] 二、现在进行时的被动语态 1．结构形式 肯定式 主语＋am/is/are＋being done 否定式 主语＋am/is/are＋not being done 一般疑问式 Am/Is/Are(not)＋主语＋ being done？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋am/is/are(not)＋主 语＋being done？ 2．意义和用法 (1)表示说话时正在被进行的动作。句中常用 now，at the moment等时间状语。 My friend's brother is currently being interviewed for the job． 我朋友的哥哥正在接受求职面试。 (2)表示现阶段重复进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 The forests are being destroyed at such a terrible rate that they will disappear soon． 森林正在被以可怕的速度砍伐，以致于它们很快就会消失。 (3)表示特定感情色彩，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等。 I feel very surprised that the flowers in our garden are often being trampled on． 我感到非常惊讶，我们花园里的花经常被践踏。 (4)有些“介词＋名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。如on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。 The telephone is currently in use (＝is currently being used) by my sister． 电话正在被我妹妹使用。 The company's budget is under discussion now (＝is being discussed now) at the meeting． 公司预算目前正在会议上被讨论。 [即时训练1]　补全句子 ①The problem is currently being examined and discussed (目前正在被调查和讨论)during the meeting． ②These children are being looked after carefully(正在被悉心照料) by an old man now． ③Many interesting experiments are being carried out(正在进行) these days． 三、现在完成时的被动语态 1．结构形式 肯定式 主语＋has/have been done 否定式 主语＋has/have not been done 一般疑问式 Has/Have＋主语＋been done？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋has/have＋主语＋been done？ 2．意义和用法 (1) 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently 等副词连用。 (2) 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或 since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。 [名师点津] 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 already 已经；yet已经；尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then 从那时起；ever since 自那以来；ever 曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now 到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 [即时训练2]　单句语法填空 ①Financial problems of the company have been discussed (discuss) for nearly two hours． ②The machine has been repaired (repair) already so you can use it now． ③Three new schools have been opened (open) in our city in the past five years． 短文语境补全句子 As is known to all，waste 1．has become a more and more serious problem(已经成为一个越来越严重的问题)．We can easily see many people do not turn off the lights after using them；many disposable(一次性的) products 2．are being used (正在被使用) in our daily life；some good food 3．has been seen everywhere (已经到处可见) in the garbage can．In the office，some equipment is often on for a long time but nobody is using it．What's worse，a great deal of paper 4．has been wasted(已经被浪费了)． In my opinion，we should call on more and more people to fight against waste． 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①hesitate vi．犹豫，迟疑 ②admit vt．& vi．承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 ③have a huge effect on对……产生巨大影响 ④physically and mentally在身体上和心理上 ⑤just as importantly 同样重要的是 (用作状语) ⑥inspire vt．激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感) ⑦explore vt．&vi．探究，探索；勘探，勘察 ⑧move n．动作；招式 ⑨catch my imagination使我入迷 ⑩Taoist n．道士；道教徒 ⑪nowadays adv．现今，现在 ⑫tend to倾向于 ⑬master n．大师，能手；主人 vt．精通，掌握；控制 ⑭(be) based on martial arts skills以武术技巧为基础 ⑮no wonder难怪 ⑯be named after以……命名 ⑰have a long-standing practice of 在实践中长期…… ⑱since adv．此后；后来 ⑲ache vi．& n．疼痛，隐痛 ⑳over and over again一遍遍地 ㉑focus on peace of mind注意心境的平和 ㉒to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是 ㉓stronger than ever 比先前更强烈 ㉔in time 慢慢地，经过一段时间之后 ㉕look into 观察，探究 ㉖be rooted in 起源于 ㉗philosophy n．哲学 ㉘form the unity of opposites形成对立统一的关系 ㉙exist vi．存在；生活，生存 ㉚independent of独立于……之外 ㉛maintain the balance of yin and yang保持阴阳平衡 balance n．平衡；余额；天平 v．保持平衡；相抵；权衡重要性 ㉜backwards (also backward) adv．向后；朝反方向 ㉝breathe in/out吸入/呼出 ㉞eventually adv．最后；终于 ㉟bring about带来 ㊱a state of physical balance and mental peace身体与内心的一种平衡状态 Finding a balance: my tai chi experience When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school【1】，I hesitated①．I always believed tai chi was for old people．After the first class，however，I had to admit②that I had been wrong about tai chi．It was amazing! One year later，I can honestly say it has had a huge effect on③me physically and mentally④．Just as importantly⑤，practising tai chi has inspired⑥ me to explore⑦ the Chinese culture behind it． 【1】suggest此处表示“建议”，其后that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词为(should) do形式，should可省略。 The first few tai chi classes were fun and easy，and the moves⑧ really caught my imagination⑨，with descriptive names like “white crane spreading its wings” and “golden rooster standing on one leg”．When I asked my coach where these interesting names came from 【2】，he told me about the history of tai chi．Zhang Sanfeng，a 13th-century Taoist⑩，was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird．However，nowadays⑪ people tend to⑫ believe that Chen Wangting，a 17th-century master⑬ of Chinese martial arts【3】，developed tai chi based on martial arts skills⑭．No wonder⑮ some tai chi moves are named after⑯ animals—Chinese martial arts have a long-standing practice of ⑰ imitating animals．Chen Wangting's original set of moves is called Chen-style tai chi，but other styles of tai chi have since⑱ been developed，including Yang-style，Wu-style and Sun-style． 【2】where引导宾语从句，作动词asked的直接宾语。 【3】名词短语作同位语，解释Chen Wangting的身份。 After learning the basics of tai chi in those first few classes，I found myself bored and aching⑲ from doing the same moves over and over again⑳．Luckily，my coach taught me how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind㉑ while performing the routine．With these requirements of tai chi in mind【4】，I found to my satisfaction㉒ that my balance and flexibility slowly improved，that I was able to do more difficult moves，and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever㉓【5】． 【4】“with＋名词＋介词短语”复合结构作状语。 【5】三个并列的that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语。 In time㉔，I began to look into㉕ the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi．I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in㉖ the Chinese philosophy㉗ of yin and yang，which are believed to form the unity of opposites㉘【6】．Neither can exist㉙ independent of ㉚ the other；for example，there is no shadow without light．The practice of tai chi aims to maintain the balance of yin and yang㉛ in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards㉜，up and down，left and right，breathing in㉝ and breathing out．Eventually㉞，tai chi brings about㉟ a state of physical balance and mental peace㊱． 【6】that引导的宾语从句，作discovered的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰yin and yang。 A year of practising tai chi has had a positive effect on my everyday life．I sleep better at night，and I am more energetic during the day．I feel happier and more confident．Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind，enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations【7】．I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits it has brought me 【8】． 【7】动词-ing形式短语作状语。 【8】定语从句，修饰the benefits，省略了引导词that/which。 找到平衡：我的太极拳体验 一开始，当朋友建议我们参加学校新成立的太极拳俱乐部时，我犹豫了。我过去一直觉得太极拳是老年人的运动。不过，上完第一节课后，我不得不承认，我之前对太极拳的认识是错误的。太极拳实在是太神奇了。一年后，我可以实话实说了，太极拳对我的身心都产生了巨大的影响。同样重要的是，练习太极拳还激励了我去探索其背后的中国文化。 前几堂太极拳课很好玩，也不难学，这些动作有着像“白鹤亮翅”“金鸡独立”这样画面感很强的名称，实在令我着迷。当我问教练，这些有趣的名称从何而来时，他和我说了太极拳的历史。传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。不过，现在人们往往认为，太极拳是由17世纪的中国武术大师陈王廷在武术套路的基础上创编的。由于中国武术中模拟动物的做法由来已久，太极拳的部分招式以动物来命名也就不足为奇了。陈王廷最初创编的招式称为陈氏太极拳，后来也发展出了其他流派的太极拳，包括杨式太极拳、吴氏太极拳和孙氏太极拳。 学完前几堂太极拳基础课之后，我发现一遍又一遍重复这些招式让我心生厌倦，而且肌肉酸痛。幸运的是，教练教会了我放松肌肉的方法，以及在日常练习时如何注意心境的平和。让我欣慰的是，记住太极拳的这些要求后，我发现自己的平衡性和柔韧性慢慢有所改善，我能完成难度更大的动作，而且我比以前更喜爱太极拳了。 我不失时机地开始探寻太极拳背后的中国古代文化。我发现太极拳深深植根于中国的阴阳哲学，阴和阳被认为是既对立又统一的，彼此不能独立存在，比如，没有光就不会有影子。练习太极拳旨在通过一些相对的动作——进退、上下、左右、吐纳——来维持人体内部的阴阳调和。最终，太极拳带来了身体平衡和心态平和的状态。 一年练习太极拳的经历已经对我的日常生活产生了积极的作用。晚上我睡得更香，白天则精力更充沛。幸福感倍增，人也更加自信。太极拳让我学会了放松心态，使我在有压力的环境下也能冷静应对。我相信我一定会继续练习太极拳，并享受太极拳带给我的好处。 8/9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$