10 UNIT 2 Be sporty，be healthy Period 3 语言知识讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 (1)congratulations on sth． 祝贺某事 send/offer congratulations to sb．on sth． 祝贺某人某事 (2)congratulate vt． 祝贺；引以为豪 congratulate sb．on sth．/doing sth． 祝贺某人某事/做某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I think it's necessary for us to congratulate (congratulate) you on the excellent design of the new bridge． ②We offered our congratulations to you on your success． ③I would like to express my congratulations (congratulation) to you on your passing the driving test． ④对你从北京大学毕业我表示诚挚的祝贺。 I sincerely express my congratulations to you on your graduating from Peking University． 2．assume vt．假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 (1)It is assumed that... 一般认为…… assume...to be/to do... 认为……是/做…… (2)assuming(that) conj． 假如 assumed adj． 假定的，假设的 assumption n． 假定，假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that... 假定…… [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Assuming (assume) that it rains，what shall we do? ②It is assumed (assume) that too much work will cause stress． ③She's always making assumptions (assumption) about how much money people have． ④在听到对他不利的证据之前，你假定他是对的。 You assume him to be right before hearing the evidence against him． 3．tend vi．往往会；趋向 vt．照看；护理 (1)tend to do... 往往会…… tend sb．/sth． 照顾/护理某人/某物 (2)tendency n． 趋势；倾向；偏好 a tendency to/towards ……的倾向 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①These plants have a tendency (tend) to grow in the more rural areas． ②In China，the old tend to be respected (respect)and are well tended． ③She was praised for having tended/tending (tend) her sick mother-in-law for over thirty years． ④大多数人往往会对那些需要帮助的人伸出援手。 Most people tend to lend a hand to those in need． 4．range n．(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列；射程；种类；山脉 v．变化，变动；排列 (1)a wide range of... 一系列的……，广泛的…… in/within range of... 在……范围内 beyond/out of range 在范围外 beyond/out of one's range 某人能力范围之外的 (2)range from...to... 在……到……范围内变动 range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He spent a whole morning ranging (range) his books on the shelf． ②As far as I know，she has a very broad range of interests． ③With the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events are able to be held． ④森林里的树木，高度从5米到20米不等，为这里的不同植物提供了一个平衡的系统。 The trees in the forest，ranging from 5 to 20 meters in height，provide a balanced system for different plants here． 5．make up for 弥补，补偿 make up 和好，和解；编造，虚构；组成；化妆；弥补 be made up of 由……组成，由……构成 make it 办成，做到，成功；赶上，及时到达 make out 辨认出；理解；听清 make sense 讲得通，有道理 make sense of 理解 make up one's mind (某人)下定决心，决定 [即学即练]　完成句子 ①勤能补拙。 Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability． ②我设法在10分钟之内到达了机场。 I managed to make it to the airport in 10 minutes． ③不过，刘没有准备养成少睡、晚补的习惯。 Still，Liu isn't ready to develop the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later． 6．equipment n．设备；配备，装备 (1)a piece of equipment 一件设备 (2)equip v． 装备，配备 equip...with... 用……装备…… equip...for．． 为……装备……；让……为……做好准备 be equipped to do sth． 能够胜任做某事，有能力做某事 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing． ②Now the new lab is full of all kinds of advanced laboratory equipment (equip)． ③Equipped (equip) with much experience in teaching，he is well respected by all his students． ④由于准备充分，设备可靠，约翰成功登上了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。 John's successful adventure to the top of Mount Qomolangma was a result of his good preparation and the reliable pieces of equipment． 7．lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt．& vi．没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 (1)for lack of... 因为缺乏…… a lack of... 缺乏…… (2)lacking adj． 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少…… [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Due to a lack of financial knowledge，we usually spend money without plans． ②For lack of human protection，some good fields have become deserts． ③Though he lacked (lack) experience，he did land the job． ④很明显，这个年轻女孩缺乏有用的技能。 It is obvious that the young girl is lacking in useful skills． 1．It is/has been done that...句型 (教材P16)It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases． 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 (1)句中It has been proven that...意为“已经证明……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的 that 从句。 (2)这类句型中主句常用一般现在时、现在完成时或者一般过去时，一般需要参照后面that从句的时态，常见动词包括know，say，report，believe，announce，suggest，think，accept，hope等。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is estimated (estimate) that the vase is 2，000 years old． ②It is/has been reported (report) that one third of citizens plan to buy a private car． ③It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled． ④已经证明这种药对人体是非常有害的。 It has been proven that this medicine is of great harm to people． 2．“wh-词＋动词不定式” 结构 (教材P17)When to eat is also of great importance． 何时吃饭也很重要。 (1)本句中When to eat为“wh-词＋动词不定式” 结构，作主语，相当于主语从句“When people should eat”。 (2)“wh-词＋动词不定式” 结构一般相当于一个名词性从句，在句中可以作主语(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式)、宾语、表语等，一般表示将要发生或者尚未发生的动作或状态。常见的wh-词包括who，what，which，how，when，where等。 [即学即练]　补全句子 ①I don't know when to hand in my homework(何时上交作业)． ②The problem is where to put this computer(把电脑放哪里)． ③When to start the project (这个项目何时开工)has not been decided yet． ④It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better(如何睡得更好)． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．For lack of better choices，I had to settle for a basic phone instead of a smartphone． 2．The modern workplace is equipped (equip) with advanced technology to improve quality． 3．The restaurant offers a wide range of delicious dishes to suit various preferences． 4．She is tending (tend) her garden now，making sure that the plants receive enough water and sunlight． 5．It is assumed (assume) that the new employees have the necessary skills for the job，based on their qualifications． 6．She was congratulated (congratulate) by her friends for her outstanding performance in the presentation last week． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．当我意识到我错过了航班时，我不知如何是好。(wh-词＋不定式；读后续写之心理活动描写) I was at a loss what to do when I realized I had missed my flight． 2．已被证明，努力工作、奉献和决心对取得任何事业成功都至关重要。(it be done that句型；读后续写之升华总结句) It has been proven that hard work，devotion，and determination are key to achieving success in any career． 3．来自所爱之人的一个温暖拥抱，可以弥补所有的悲伤，并给破碎的心带来安慰。(make up for；读后续写之情绪情感描写) A warm hug from a loved one can make up for all the sadness and bring comfort to a broken heart． 4．站在山顶上，我惊叹于落日把天空染成的那一片片激动人心的色彩。(range；景色描写) Standing atop the mountain，I felt amazed at the breathtaking range of colors as the setting sun painted the sky． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 Regular exercise does 1．wonders (wonder) for people's physical and mental health．It can increase the efficiency of your heart and lungs．It 2．tends (tend) to improve your immune systems．3．Moreover/Furthermore/Additionally，it helps to reduce stress and get over negative feelings．When 4．planning (plan) an exercise routine，it is wise of you to consider first 5．what you'd like to improve：heart and lung efficiency，muscle 6．strength (strong) or flexibility． Then choose activities you enjoy and stick with them．However，that's not enough．You should eat right and prevent injury．Eat foods 7．containing (contain) carbohydrates to keep up your energy．Eat foods rich in protein to help to recover and repair your muscles．But don't eat 8．immediately (immediate) after exercise．You must drink throughout exercise to make up 9．for water lost to sweat．Last but not least，wear proper clothes and equipment as well as warm up 10．to prevent (prevent) injury．You should also start small and slowly to form your regular exercise routine． 课时分层作业(四) Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．When I exercise in summer，I always sweat (出汗) a lot． 2．His grades are average (一般水准)，but he works hard． 3．I need to keep up my energy throughout (自始至终) the day． 4．I have a morning routine (常规) that helps me start the day right． 5．In terms of sports，I love playing soccer (足球)in my free time． 6．There seems to be a lack (缺乏) of communication in the office． 7．It's important to keep a good position to prevent (阻止)back problems． 8．Moreover (而且)，the study also found that regular exercise improves mental well-being． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．She had to stop dancing due to a foot injury (injure)． 2．As a matter of fact，I enjoy jogging (jog) in the park in the early morning． 3．We need to prevent accidents by maintaining (maintain) high safety rules． 4．Regular movement (move) throughout the day is important for maintaining strength． 5．It's dangerous to make assumptions (assume) without all the necessary information． 6．It's essential to do warm-up stretches (stretch) before starting any physical activity． 7．Costs have been reduced (reduce) by 20% over the past year． Ⅲ．阅读理解 A Stay Safe with Sonder As a foreign student arriving in Australia，you may feel both excited and anxious．The prospect of arriving in a new country where you may have no friends or family nearby can be discouraging，particularly the thought of what you would do if you were involved in an accident or fell seriously ill． Sonder Australia aims to lessen that worry by providing an Australia-wide，multilingual rapid response network，available on-demand 24/7 via a mobile app．The Sonder app has the following unique features．When required，Sonder can also work with Murdoch to provide further well-being support． 24/7 Help In urgent situations，the Help button automatically sends an alert to the Sonder Support Centre．Sonder immediately geo-locates you，establishing your exact location．You'll get immediate support and，if required，a Liaison Officer will be sent to you for in-person assistance． Check on Me If you're meeting someone new or going to an unfamiliar destination，you can set a time for us to contact you regularly to make sure you're OK．You can set a “Check On Me” duration from 30 minutes to over 8 hours and Sonder will use geo-location technology to monitor you． Safety Alerts 24/7 Sonder Support Centre monitors minor and major events which could impact your safety．If we detect an incident occurring near your location，we'll give you details and ask you to report it as “safe” or “not safe”．If you report it as “not safe”，we'll take immediate action to ensure you get help． Track My Journey The “Track My Journey” app feature helps you reach your destination while we track your progress，to ensure your safety at all times．This is particularly useful when travelling alone，late at night，or in an unfamiliar environment． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款应用程序——Sonder Australia，这款应用程序可以给刚到澳大利亚的留学生提供帮助。 1．Who may be the text targeted at in Australia? A．Taxi drivers． B．New settlers． C．International students． D．Travellers from abroad． C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As a foreign student arriving in Australia，you may feel both excited and anxious．”可推断出，这篇文章可能针对的是国际学生。故选C。] 2．Which part of the app functions at a set time? A．24/7 Help．　　　 B．Check on Me． C．Safety Alerts． D．Track My Journey． B　[细节理解题。根据Check on Me部分中的“If you're meeting someone new or going to an unfamiliar destination，you can set a time for us to contact you regularly to make sure you're OK．”可知，这款应用程序的 Check on me 部分有设定时间的功能。故选B。] 3．What technology is used in all the four features? A．Facial recognition． B．Voice interaction． C．Geographical positioning． D．Cross-platform communication． C　[细节理解题。根据24/7 Help部分中的“Sonder immediately geo-locates you，establishing your exact location．”，Check on Me部分中的“...Sonder will use geo-location technology to monitor you．”，Safety Alerts部分中的“If we detect an incident occurring near your location...”和Track My Journey部分中的“The ‘Track My Journey’ app feature helps you reach your destination while we track your progress，to ensure your safety at all times．”可知，这四个特性都使用了地理定位技术。故选C。] B “The failure to play is now a serious issue and it calls for action for change，” says Sir Ken Robinson，a leading expert in education，creativity and human development．This is the driving force behind Outdoor Classroom Day－a global teacher-led campaign，supported by Dirt is Good，a company producing daily chemical products． Outdoor Classroom Day，taking place on 17th May and 1st November this year，will see schools around the world swap the inside for the outside and take learning into the playground and beyond to make playtime a key part of the school day．This might involve using natural objects like stones to do sums，or going on an insect hunt to encourage curiosity．By now，Outdoor Classroom Day has grown from a grass-roots movement to a global campaign that is expected to benefit five million children and over 40，000 schools from all around the world． This is helping to change the trend that sees many schools selling up or building on their playgrounds and cutting back on playtime to make more room for academic studies，while at home children's life is increasingly filled with organized activities intended to help them learn．Today globally 61% of parents surveyed in the Dirt is Good Qualitative Study said that children don't know how to play without using technology． Outdoor Classroom Day is making playtime happen，with 22% of participating schools having increased their playtime since joining the campaign．93% of teachers surveyed saw improvements in children's creativity after playing outside，and 97% believe that time outdoors is necessary for children to reach their full potential． Scientific studies show that real play—the active，physical，self-directed play—is essential for children to develop key life skills that are not taught elsewhere．Few would question the value of developing creativity，leadership，resourcefulness，and curiosity． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项名为“Outdoor Classroom Day”的活动。这项活动旨在通过增加孩子的玩耍时间，来提高孩子的创造力，充分发挥他们的潜力。 4．What do children do on Outdoor Classroom Day? A．Have PE classes on the playgrounds． B．Have a day off and go playing anywhere． C．Learn and play by using natural things outside． D．Play on their own without the teachers' guidance． C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Outdoor Classroom Day，taking place on 17th May and 1st November this year，will see schools around the world swap the inside for the outside and take learning into the playground and beyond to make playtime a key part of the school day．This might involve using natural objects like stones to do sums，or going on an insect hunt to encourage curiosity．(今年5月17日和11月1日举行的‘户外课堂日’，将见证世界各地的学校从教室里面换到教室外面，把学习带到操场和其他地方，使玩耍时间成为学校一天的重要组成部分。这可能包括使用石头等自然物体来做算术，或者进行昆虫狩猎来激发好奇心)”可知，在“户外课堂日”，孩子们把学习转移到教室外面，他们在这一天可以利用户外的自然事物学习和玩耍。故选C项。] 5．Why do children spend less time outdoors? A．Schools stop providing playgrounds． B．Adults ignore the importance of playtime． C．Parents prefer to homeschool their children． D．Technology helps children learn better at home． B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“This is helping to change the trend that sees many schools selling up or building on their playgrounds and cutting back on playtime to make more room for academic studies，while at home children's life is increasingly filled with organized activities intended to help them learn．(这有助于改变这样一种趋势，即许多学校出售操场或在操场上盖房子，减少玩耍时间，为学业腾出更多空间，而在家里，孩子们的生活越来越多地被旨在帮助他们学习的有组织的活动所占据)”可知，学校会减少孩子们的玩耍时间，为学业腾出更多空间，家长认为学习比玩耍重要，会给孩子安排更多的旨在帮助他们学习的活动，由此可知，孩子们在户外的时间更少了，是因为成年人忽视了游戏时间的重要性。故选B项。] 6．What's the school teachers' attitude towards the campaign? A．Positive．　　　　　 B．Uncertain． C．Unconcerned． D．Negative． A　[观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中“93% of teachers surveyed saw improvements in children's creativity after playing outside，and 97% believe that time outdoors is necessary for children to reach their full potential．(93%的受访教师认为孩子们在户外玩耍后创造力有所提高，97%的教师认为定期的户外活动对孩子们充分发挥潜能是必要的)”可知，多数教师认为在户外玩耍可以提高孩子的创造力，有助于充分发挥他们的潜能，由此可推断出，学校老师对这项活动的态度是积极的。故选A项。] 7．What's the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an activity． B．To advertise a product． C．To entertain the public． D．To persuade students to play． A　[写作意图题。通读文章，结合第二段中“Outdoor Classroom Day，taking place on 17th May and 1st November this year，will see schools around the world swap the inside for the outside and take learning into the playground and beyond to make playtime a key part of the school day．This might involve using natural objects like stones to do sums，or going on an insect hunt to encourage curiosity．(今年5月17日和11月1日举行的‘户外课堂日’，将见证世界各地的学校从教室里面换到教室外面，把学习带到操场和其他地方，使玩耍时间成为学校一天的重要组成部分。这可能包括使用石头等自然物体来做算术，或者进行昆虫狩猎来激发好奇心)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项名为“Outdoor Classroom Day”的活动，这项活动旨在通过增加孩子的玩耍时间，来提高孩子的创造力，充分发挥他们的潜力，所以文章的目的是介绍一项活动。故选A项。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五 Why play sports? You might say “to get exercise” and you would be right．To have fun? That's true，too．But there's more． 1 According to the Women's Sports Foundation，girls who play sports get a lot more than just a good figure． Girls who play sports do better in school．You might think that playing sports will take up all your study time． 2 Exercise improves learning，memory，and concentration，which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom． Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills． 3 When working with coaches，trainers，and teammates to win games and achieve goals，you're learning how to be successful．Those skills will serve you well at work and in family life． Sports are good for a girl's health．In addition to being fit and keeping a healthy weight，girls who play sports are also less likely to smoke．And later in life，girls who exercise are less likely to get breast cancer or osteoporosis(骨质疏松症)． Playing sports improves self-confidence． 4 Why? It builds confidence when you know you can practice，improve，and achieve your goals．Sports are also a feel-good activity because they help girls get in shape，keep a healthy weight，and make new friends． 5 Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier．How? The brain chemicals leased during exercise improve a person's mood．Friends are another mood-lifter．And being in a team creates tight bonds between friends．It's good to know your teammates will support you—both on and off the field! A．Exercise cuts the pressure． B．Sports teach valuable life skills． C．Regular exercise increases the quality of life． D．In fact，there are at least five more reasons． E．Girls who play sports feel better about themselves． F．Playing sports offers children more than just physical benefits． G．But research shows that girls who play sports do better in school than those who don't． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了参加体育运动对于女孩的益处。 1．D　[上文“Why play sports? You might say ‘to get exercise’ and your would be right．To have fun? That's true，too．But there's more．(为什么运动？你可能会说‘锻炼身体’，你是对的。是为了玩得开心吗？这也是真的。但还有更多)”，下文“According to the Women's Sports Foundation，girls who play sports get a lot more than just a good figure．(根据女子运动基金会的说法，参加运动的女孩不只是身材好)”，同时结合下文讲的是五个原因，所以，设空处和上文为承接关系，是过渡句。D项“In fact，there are at least five more reasons．(事实上，至少还有五个原因)”切题。five more reasons呼应下文的各个小标题。故选D。] 2．G　[上文“Girls who play sports do better in school．You might think that playing sports will take up all your study time．(做运动的女孩在学校表现更好。你可能认为做运动会占用你所有的学习时间)”，下文“Exercise improves learning，memory，and concentration，which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom．(锻炼可以提高学习能力、记忆力和注意力，这可以让活跃的女孩在课堂上占有优势)”说明了锻炼给女孩带来的好处，所以空白处和上文为转折关系，表明锻炼会给女孩带来好处。G项“But research shows girls who play sports do better in school than those who don't．(但研究表明，参加体育运动的女孩比不参加体育运动的女孩在学校表现更好)”，该项中的But表示转折关系，故选G。] 3．B　[本段主题句“Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills．(参加体育运动的女孩能学习团队合作和目标设定技巧)”，下文“When working with coaches，trainers，and teammates to win games and achieve goals，you're learning how to be successful．(当你与教练和队友一起赢得比赛并实现目标时，你就在学习如何成功)”讲的是体育运动能传授有价值的生活技巧。因而设空处应总说体育运动可以传授一些生活技巧。B项“Sports teach valuable life skills．(运动可以教会有用的生活技巧)”符合本段文意，故选B。] 4．E　[上文“Playing sports improves self-confidence．(做运动可以增强自信)”，所以接下来讲述做运动对女孩的好处，E项“Girls who play sports feel better about themselves．(运动的女孩自我感觉更好)”切题。故选E。] 5．A　[本句作为段落主题句。结合上文提到的内容，本段同样讲述运动可以带来好处。根据下文“Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier．(运动可以减少压力，帮助你感觉更快乐)”可知，空白处讲述运动可以减少压力。A项“Exercise cuts the pressure．(运动减少压力)”切题。故选A。] 14/14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$