04 UNIT 1 Lights，camera，action Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册同步讲义(译林版2020)

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．adapt vt．改编，改写；使适应 vi．适应 (1)adapt to 适合，适应 adapt (oneself) to 使(自己)适应 adapt sth．from sth． 根据……改编…… (2)adaptable adj． 能适应的；可修改的 (3)adaptation n． 改编本；适应 [名师点津]　adapt (oneself) to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After graduation from college，I gradually adapted myself (I) to living on my own． ②This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by a famous online writer． ③Elephants need large living spaces，so it's difficult for them to adapt (adapt) to the changes． ④她不仅已经适应了城市生活，而且变得越来越开朗。 Not only has she adapted (herself)to the city life，but she is becoming more and more outgoing． 2．regard vt．将……认为，看待；注视 n．尊重；关注 (1)as regards sth． 关于某事；至于某事 with/in regard to 关于；至于 in this/that regard 在这/那方面；在这/那一点上 (2)regard...as... 把……当作…… (3)regarding prep． 关于 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I treasure the friendship very much，and I regard the friendship as one part of my life． ②I wrote a letter regarding (regard) my daughter's school examinations． ③What are the misunderstandings that we usually have in/with regard to happiness? ④他被认为是业界最有才华的音乐家之一。 He is regarded as one of the most talented musicians in this industry． 主谓一致 一、主谓一致概述 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。谓语动词和主语保持一致需要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，指主语和谓语在人称和数上一致；意义一致原则，指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义一致；就近一致原则，指主语由两个以上部分构成时，谓语动词的形式与其最邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。 [观察探究] 找出下列主句中的主语和谓语动词，并指出其遵循的主谓一致原则。 (1)Two hours seems very short when you're having so much fun! 主语Two hours，谓语动词seems，遵循意义一致原则。 (2)Not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created． 主语the animals，the jungle，谓语动词is created，遵循就近一致原则。 (3)Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title，it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli． 主语it，谓语动词describes，遵循语法一致原则。 (4)Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle． 主语Mowgli and his animal friends，谓语动词live，遵循语法一致原则。 (5)Everyone was surprised by the book's success． 主语Everyone，谓语动词was surprised，遵循语法一致原则。 [归纳用法] 一、语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。 She teaches English at the university． 她在这所大学教英语。 The students study hard for the future． 学生们为了未来而努力学习。 2．主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory． 那位老师带着一些学生正在参观这个工厂。 3．复合不定代词 anyone，somebody，everything，nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 If anyone sees Tom，ask him to come to my office． 如果有人看见汤姆，请他到我办公室来。 4．动词-ing形式短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Jogging every morning helps build up my character． 每天早晨慢跑有助于磨炼我的意志。 That she is always late for meetings bothers her colleagues． 她会议总是迟到让她的同事们烦恼。 5．“many a＋单数名词；more than one＋单数名词；each ＋单数名词＋and each ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a student has failed the exam． 许多学生考试不及格。 More than one person has complained about the noise． 不止一个人抱怨这些噪声。 Each boy and each girl is responsible for cleaning their own room． 每个男孩和每个女孩都负责打扫自己的房间。 [即时训练1]　单句语法填空 ①More than one person has expressed (express) their concerns about the project so far． ②As we all know，hard work and determination are (be) of great importance． ③Whoever broke the vase was required (require) to take responsibility for it． ④It is true that playing sports helps (help) people keep fit and healthy． ⑤Jane as well as her friends enjoys (enjoy) hiking in the mountains every weekend in winter． 二、意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指形单意复的名词或形复意单的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。 1．当 people，police，cattle等词作主语时，多表示复数意义，谓语动词往往用复数。 The people are the driving force behind any successful organization． 人民是任何成功组织的推动力。 2．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Three miles is quite a long distance to walk on a hot day． 在炎热的天气里步行三英里是相当长的距离。 3．“the＋形容词”若表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The poor deserve better access to basic healthcare services． 贫困人群应该享有更好的基本医疗服务。 The injured require immediate medical attention． 伤员需要立即得到医疗救治。 4．主语隐含时，要找出真实主语，根据主语单复数确定谓语动词的形式。如mine，yours等指代复数意义时，谓语动词用复数；there be句型中的主语在be后边。 Your shoes are black；mine are brown． 你的鞋子是黑色的，我的鞋子是棕色的。 The doctor's is on this side of the street． 那位医生的诊所在这条路的这边。 5．以-s结尾但意义为单数的 news，maths，physics 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 News travels fast in a small community． 在小社区里，消息传得很快。 Physics is a fascinating subject that explores the fundamental laws of the universe． 物理学是一门探索宇宙基本定律的迷人学科。 [即时训练2]　单句语法填空 ①This sheep is mine and those sheep are(be) mine，too． ②Little streams feed (feed) big rivers． ③There are (be) some cattle in the woods now． ④Eight hours of sleep is (be) hardly enough for these children． ⑤Maths is (be) the language of science． 三、就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1．由 or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的并列主语时，谓语的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。 Not only I but also my parents are invited to Lucy's birthday party． 不仅我而且我的父母都被邀请参加露西的生日聚会。 Was he or you going to attend the meeting? 是他还是你要去参加这个会议？ 2．在there be句型中，谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。 There is a book and two pens on the table． 桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。 There are many cars and one box office in the parking lot． 停车场里有很多车和一个售票亭。 四、主谓一致的几个难点 1．并列主语的主谓一致 (1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用 and连接作主语，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Water and fire are two fundamental elements in the natural world． 水和火是自然界的两种基本元素。 (2)两个单数名词用 and连接作主语，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。 The scientist and writer is/was known for his groundbreaking research and attractive storytelling． 这位科学家兼作家以开创性的研究和引人入胜的故事叙述而闻名。 2．某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school． 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad． 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了 a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于 pair的单复数形式。 My trousers are black and comfortable． 我的裤子是黑色的，很舒适。 There is a pair of shoes on the floor． 地板上有一双鞋。 3．数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词的类别来决定。 About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water． 地球表面大约四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls． 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 (2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series of)”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome． 必须克服各种各样的困难。 (3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和 the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 A number of students are from the south． 许多学生来自南方。 The number of students from the south is large． 来自南方的学生人数很多。 [名师点津]　在“a variety of...”结构中，若动词在此结构前，动词用单数或复数均可。 There is/are a wide variety of patterns to choose from． 有种类繁多的图案可供选择。 4．“one of＋可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the(only) one of＋可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written in French． 这是其中一本用法语写的书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French． 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ①Not you but I am/was (be) responsible for the delay． ②Either you or he is/was (be)to blame for the failure of the project． ③There are/were (be) two chairs and a desk in the office． ④One of the best ways to learn a language is (be) through consistent practice． ⑤A series of debates between the lecturers was (be) scheduled for the next weekend the other day． 短文语境填空 Thirty years 1．is(be) not a long period in history，but every man and every woman 2．has changed (change) a lot in the past thirty years．When it comes to the development of China，none of us 3．doubt(s)(doubt) that either the surroundings or the policy 4．has benefited(benefit) us a great deal．With thirty years' development，China，along with its people，5．is standing(stand) higher on the stage of the world．Although there 6．exists(exist) an environmental problem and other ones，like housing and crimes，the public 7．has/have(have) a strong belief that tomorrow will be better．Whether we can realize our dream 8．depends(depend) on our own efforts．To develop our country 9．is(be) a great honour，so not only you but also I 10．am(be) the one who should be devoted to making our country stronger． 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①star vt．以……为主演；给……标星号 n．星；星状物；明星；主角；最优秀者 ②personality n．性格；气质，气度；名人；有突出个性的人 ③despite prep．即使，尽管 despite yourself 尽管(自己)不愿意 ④major adj．重要的，主要的；(课程)主修的 n．少校；专业课 v．主修 ⑤event n．事件；公开活动；(体育运动的)比赛项目 ⑥pull up 停车 pull the strings暗中控制 ⑦take rides乘车，坐车 ⑧step up登上；步入；增加，提高(数量、速度等) ⑨wave v．招手；挥手示意(方向)；挥动(手中之物) n．海浪；涌动的人(或物)；波；波浪 ⑩recollect vt．& vi．记起，回忆起 前缀re-表示“回，向后；再，重新；相反”，如return(返回)，reunion(重聚)，reverse(反转)。 ⑪recall v．回忆起 ⑫do 强调谓语动词，有人称和时态(仅限一般过去时)的变化，意为“确实”。 ⑬about one's age和某人差不多的年龄 come of age成年；发达 act your age举止和年龄相符 ⑭angel n．天使；善人；大好人(感激某人时所说) ⑮dandy adj．非常好的 n．讲究衣着和外表的男人 ⑯crooked adj．不直的 crook v．使弯曲 n．骗子；肘弯 ⑰arrow n．箭；箭号，箭头 ⑱from that day on从那天起 ⑲like peas and carrots相处得非常好 peas n．豌豆 carrot n．胡萝卜；(为说服人做事所许诺的)酬报，好处 Forrest Gump(Excerpt) Forrest Gump is a 1994 film starring①Tom Hanks．It tells the story of Forrest Gump，a simple man with a warm personality②．Despite③an IQ of 75，he lives a truly amazing life．He sees，and sometimes influences，some of the major④events⑤ of the United States in the second half of the 20th century． Mrs Gump and Forrest wait for the school bus．The bus pulls up⑥ as Mrs Gump prepares Forrest for his first day of school． MRS GUMP: You do your very best now，Forrest． FORREST: I sure will，Momma． FORREST(Voice-over): I remember the bus ride on the first day of school very well． The bus driver opens the door and looks down．Forrest walks to the steps of the bus and looks at the bus driver． BUS DRIVER: Are you coming along? FORREST: Momma said not to be taking rides⑦ from strangers． BUS DRIVER: This is the bus to school． FORREST: I'm Forrest．Forrest Gump． BUS DRIVER: I'm Dorothy Harris． FORREST: Well，now we aren't strangers anymore． The bus driver smiles as Forrest steps up⑧ into the bus．Mrs Gump waves⑨ to Forrest as the bus drives away【1】．Forrest begins to walk down the bus． 【1】as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。 Two young boys look up from the seat． BOY 1：This seat's taken． BOY 2: It's taken! Forrest looks around．A larger girl moves over so Forrest can't sit next to her．She shakes her head．Forrest looks to the other side where a boy sits alone on a larger seat．【2】 The boy looks angrily at Forrest． 【2】where引导定语从句，修饰the other side。 BOY 3：You can't sit here． FORREST (Voice-over): You know，it's funny what a young man recollects⑩【3】．Because I don't remember being born．I，I...don't recall⑪ what I got for my first Christmas and I don't know when I went on my first outdoor picnic．【4】 But，I do⑫ remember the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world． 【3】what引导主语从句，it为形式主语。 【4】recall后跟what引导的宾语从句；know后跟when引导的宾语从句。 GIRL: You can sit here if you want． Forrest looks back at Jenny Curran，a young girl about Forrest's age⑬． FORREST(Voice-over): I had never seen anything so beautiful in my life．She was like an angel⑭． JENNY: Well，are you going to sit down，or aren't you? Forrest sits down next to Jenny． JENNY：What's wrong with your legs? FORREST: Um，nothing at all，thank you．My legs are just fine and dandy⑮． FORREST(Voice-over): I just sat next to her on that bus and had a conversation all the way to school． JENNY: Then why do you have those shoes on? FORREST: My momma said my back's crooked⑯ like a question mark．These are going to make me as straight as an arrow⑰．They're my magic shoes． FORREST(Voice-over): And next to Momma，no one ever talked to me or asked me questions． JENNY: Are you stupid or something? FORREST: Momma says stupid is as stupid does． Jenny puts her hand out toward Forrest．Forrest reaches over and shakes her hand． JENNY：I'm Jenny． FORREST：I'm Forrest．Forrest Gump． FORREST(Voice-over): From that day on⑱，we was always together．Jenny and me was like peas and carrots⑲． 《阿甘正传》(节选) 《阿甘正传》是1994 年由汤姆·汉克斯主演的电影。影片讲述了福雷斯特·甘——一个单纯且热心的人的故事。尽管智商只有75，他的生活却着实精彩。20世纪下半叶美国社会发生的一些重大事件，他是亲历者，有几次他还对这些大事件产生了影响。 甘太太和福雷斯特在等校车。在甘太太帮福雷斯特为第一天上学做准备时，校车停了下来。 甘太太：你现在要全力以赴了，福雷斯特。 福雷斯特：我一定会的，妈妈。 福雷斯特(旁白)：我还清楚地记得上学第一天坐校车的情景。 校车司机打开了门，望着下面。福雷斯特走向校车的台阶，盯着司机。 校车司机：你上不上车？ 福雷斯特：妈妈说不要上陌生人的车。 校车司机：这是开去学校的车。 福雷斯特：我是福雷斯特。福雷斯特·甘。 校车司机：我是多萝西·哈里斯。 福雷斯特：好吧，现在我们就不再是陌生人了。 校车司机微笑，福雷斯特上了车。校车开走时，甘太太向福雷斯特挥手告别。福雷斯特向车内走去。 两个小男孩在座位上抬起头瞥了他一眼。 男孩1：这位子有人了。 男孩2：有人坐了。 福雷斯特四下看了看。一个大块头的女孩往空座上挪了挪，所以福雷斯特不能挨着她坐。她摇摇头。福雷斯特看了看另外一边，有个男孩独占了更大的座位。这个男孩凶巴巴地看着福雷斯特。 男孩3：你不能坐这里。 福雷斯特(旁白)：你知道，一个年轻人的回忆很有趣。因为我不记得我是怎么出生的。我，我……不记得收到的第一份圣诞礼物是什么，也不知道第一次户外野餐是什么时候。但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。 女孩：如果你愿意的话，你可以坐这儿。 福雷斯特回头看到了珍妮·柯伦，一个和他年龄相仿的小女孩。 福雷斯特(旁白)：我这辈子从未见过这么美好的事物。她像天使一样。 珍妮：嗯，你是坐呢，还是不坐？ 福雷斯特坐在了珍妮旁边。 珍妮：你的腿怎么了？ 福雷斯特：呃，啥事也没有，谢谢你。我的腿好得很。 福雷斯特(旁白)：我就坐在她旁边，在校车开往学校途中，我们一直在聊天。 珍妮：那你为什么要穿那样的鞋子？ 福雷斯特：我妈妈说我的背弯得像个问号。它们会让我像箭一样直。他们是我的魔力鞋。 福雷斯特(旁白)：除了妈妈，没有人跟我说话，也没有人问我问题。 珍妮：你是傻子还是怎么回事？ 福雷斯特：妈妈说做傻事的人才是傻子。 珍妮向福雷斯特伸出了手。福雷斯特伸出手和她握手。 珍妮：我是珍妮。 福雷斯特：我是福雷斯特。福雷斯特·甘。 福雷斯特(旁白)：从那天起，我们一直在一起。珍妮和我形影不离。 12/12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$