04 UNIT 1 Back to school Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册同步课件(译林版2020)

Period 4　 UNIT 1　Back to school 主题语境 人与自我——学校生活 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) (1)focus...on/upon... 把……集中于…… (2)in focus 焦点对准的；清晰的 out of focus 焦点未对准的；不清晰的 the focus of... ……的焦点 (3)focused adj． 注意力集中的 1．focus n．焦点，重点vt．& vi．集中 Period 4　 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Most of us are more _______ (focus) on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day． ②He is always the focus ___ everyone's attention． ③The noise made it hard for me to focus _______ work． ④由于他的注意力集中在家庭作业上，他把我告诉他的话全忘了。 With his attention ___________________________，he forgot all about what I had told him． focused of on/upon focused on/upon his homework 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 (1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据…… (2)basis n． 基础；基本原则 on the basis of 以……为基础 (3)basic adj． 基本的；基础的 basically adv． 基本上，大体上 2．base vt．以……为基础(依据) n．根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You're foolish enough to base your hopes _______ his promise． ②The theory he put up _________ (base) on his many years' research，so it was practical． ③The government provides them with not only food，but also the ______ (base) skills for their living． ④我们昨天看的这部电影受到了高度评价，它是以一个真实的爱情故事为依据的。 _________ a true love story，the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of． upon/on was based basic Based on 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 (1)remind sb．of sth．　　 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事 remind sb．to do sth． 提醒某人做某事 remind sb．that... 使某人想起……；提醒某人…… (2)reminder n． 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物 3．remind vt．提醒，使想起 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [即学即练]—— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Mary，don't worry．I have reminded John ___ his promise to help you． ②Michael put up a picture of the basketball star beside the bed to keep himself _________ (remind)of his own dream． ③I put a mark in the margin to remind me _________ (check) the figure． ④这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。 These old photos ______________________ I spent in the countryside． of reminded to check reminded me of the days 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 (1)as a result 结果 (2)as a result of 同义短语有because of，thanks to，due to等。 (3)result in 导致，造成 result from 因……发生 4．as a result of 由于 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [即学即练]—— 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Many plants and animals have died a result of the big fire． ②A sudden change in temperature may result heavy rain． ③由于天气糟糕，典礼推迟了。 The ceremony was put off ． as in as a result of the terrible weather 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 一、句子成分 概述：句子是表达思想的基本单位。句子成分是指在句中起着不同语法作用的部分。英语的句子成分(sentence elements)主要有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr．)等。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [观察例句] 黑体部分在句中作什么成分？ 1．The early bird catches the worm． ____ 2．They are Chinese traveling abroad． ____ 3．In the morning we often hear the birds singing merrily． __________ 4．She bought her child a storybook． __________________ 5．There is a picture on the wall． ____ 6．The manager asked the college students to come in． ____ 7．Girls prefer to see women doctors． ____ 8．Light travels very quickly． ____ 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语 谓语 定语 状语 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [归纳用法] 1．主语(subject)：指句子所谈论的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。常用名词(短语)、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等作主语。形容词、副词、介词短语和过去分词不能作主语。 This week，our group of five students did a survey of our classmates． 本周，我们组五位学生对本班同学做了一项调查。 To persuade her to change her mind is really very hard． 说服她改变主意确实很难。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 2．谓语(verb)：指谓语部分的主要动词，另外，主要动词前的情态动词和助动词也被视为谓语的组成部分，通常说明主语发出的动作或主语的特征和状态，包含时态和语态两个部分。谓语由动词(短语)充当，其他词不能作谓语。 Not all ads play tricks on us though． 然而，并非所有广告都会欺骗我们。 The child could dress himself at the age of three． 这个小孩三岁就会自己穿衣服了。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 3．宾语(object)：指动作的对象。常用名词(短语)、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等作宾语。形容词、副词、介词短语和过去分词不能作宾语。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。 The old man gave the child some nice books． 老人给了这个孩子一些好书。 You know that the situation is not really dangerous． 你知道情况并不是真的很危险。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 4．补语(complement)：补语分为主语补足语(subject complement)和宾语补足语(object complement)，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。补语常用形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、介词短语、副词、非谓语动词等充当。 As time went by，the doll was made smaller． 随着时间的推移，这个玩偶被做得更小。 The young man was caught smoking in the kitchen． 有人撞见那个年轻人在厨房里吸烟。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 5．状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。状语常用副词、形容词(短语)、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。 When we arrived，we found Wang Li was extremely charming． 当我们到达时，我们发现王丽极有魅力。 Fortunately，the children were found near the village． 幸运的是，这些孩子在村子附近被找到了。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 6．表语(predicative)：指连系动词be，become，feel，get，look，seem等后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征或状态。表语常用形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、副词、代词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。 This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn． 这让我不禁思考，英语怎么会是一门学起来疯狂的语言。 It is amazing that the little child can speak four languages． 这个小孩会说四种语言，真令人惊讶。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 7．定语(attributive)：指修饰名词或代词的词语，有前置(在被修饰的名/代词前)和后置(在被修饰的名/代词后)两种位置。定语常用形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、名词、非谓语动词、从句等充当。 Health care is free for everyone living in Britain． 每个英国居民都享有免费的医疗(服务)。 The programme is something to do with the environment． 这是一个环境类节目。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [即时训练Ⅰ]——指出黑体部分是何种短语和所作的句子成分 ①The whole thing was a complete failure． _______________ ②The project seemed unlikely to succeed． ________________ ③Her footsteps echoed in the empty room． _______________ ④I know him fairly well，but we weren't really close friends． _______________ ⑤They have been working very hard on the perfection of the new model． _______________ 名词短语作主语 形容词短语作表语 介词短语作状语 副词短语作状语 动词短语作谓语 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 二、句子结构 概述：英语常见的句子结构(亦称基本句型)有八种，它们是：主谓、主系表、主谓宾、主谓宾宾、主谓宾补、主谓状、主谓宾状和存现句。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [观察例句] 下列句子属于什么句型？ 1．Everyone breathes，drinks and eats． ____ 2．Tom can speak Chinese． ______ 3．My brothers are all college students． ______ 4．My sister told me a story． _________ 5．We find the book interesting． _________ 6．My parents live in Beijing． ______ 7．I looked at them in panic． _________ 8．There are many trees around our school． ______ 主谓 主谓宾 主系表 主谓宾宾 主谓宾补 主谓状 主谓宾状 存现句 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [归纳用法] 1．主谓：主语＋谓语(SV) 在该结构中，谓语是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思，后面不能直接接宾语。 _________ _______． 雨停了。 _________ ____． 月亮升起来了。 The rain stopped The moon rose 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 2．主系表：主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP) 在该结构中，主语后必须是连系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词及表语从句等。 常见的系动词有：be(是)，become(变成)，seem(看起来)，appear(显得)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，turn(变成)，remain(仍然是)，come(变得)，fall(变得)，keep(保持)，stand(保持)，stay(保持)，smell(闻起来)，look(看起来)，sound(听起来)，taste (尝起来)，feel(感到)。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 ____ ______ ________________． 他们仍是至交。 _______________________ ___ _______． 这个女孩最喜欢的科目是生物学。 They remain the best of friends The girl's favorite subject is biology 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 3．主谓宾：主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO) 在该结构中，谓语是及物动词或及物动词短语(不及物动词＋介词)，后面必须接宾语才能表达完整的意思。充当宾语的通常是名词、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式短语及宾语从句等。 __________ ___ __________． 村子里有一家餐馆。 _ ____ ________________． 我喜欢听音乐。 The village has a restaurant I like listening to music 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 4．主谓宾宾：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO) 在该结构中，谓语是及物动词，后接两个宾语，通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把直接宾语放到间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的介词。 常见的能带双宾语的及物动词有：give，bring，tell，send，leave，pass，read，write，take，show，teach，get，award，lend，rent，buy，pay，hand等。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 ___ ____ ___ ____________________． 他告诉我他的姓名和地址。 ___ ______ __________ ______． 他给我买了一件新外套。 He told me his name and address He bought a new coat for me 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 5．主谓宾补：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC) 在该结构中，谓语是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾语补足语。充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)等。 宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，常见的带复合宾语的及物动词(词组)有：elect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，make，notice，see，let，smell，start，watch，appoint，believe，call，catch，allow，ask，cause，consider，expect，know，tell，think，want，wish，listen to，look at等。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 _________ ____ ___ ___． 那个消息令我们难过。 ___ __________ ______ _______． 他能听得到狗叫。 The news made us sad He could hear a dog barking 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 6．主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA) 在该结构中，谓语是不及物动词，充当状语的是副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 ___ ______ _________． 他说得太多了。 ___ __________ __________． 她坐在她的书桌前。 He talked too much She was sitting at her desk 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 7．主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA) 在该结构中，谓语可以是及物动词或及物动词短语，后接宾语，充当状语的是副词、介词短语等。 ___ _______ _________ __________． 你可以把箱子放在那边。 _____________ ______ ____________ _________． 那个年轻人妥善地解决了这个问题。 You can put the cases down there The young man solved the problem properly 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 [即时训练Ⅱ]——指出下列句子中黑体部分的基本类型。 ①In order to achieve success，you need to focus upon your goals． ______ ②We can also place this bag on his bedside table． _________ ③However，that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus． ______ ④Anyhow，you may find achieving success here very hard． _________ ⑤It rained and therefore the football match was postponed． ____ 主谓宾 主谓宾状 主系表 主谓宾补 主谓 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 短文语境填空 This morning I went to 1．___ English corner in the park near my home．It has been three years since it 2．____________ (found)．Many middle school 3．_________ (student) as well as foreigners took part in the activity．People there practiced 4．_________ (speak) English by talking about something 5．____________ (interest)．They also exchanged the experience 6．___ English learning．I thought it was a good chance for me to use 7．____ I had learned in my English class．I 8．______(feel) very cool after I got back home．In the future I'll try my best 9．_________ (learn) English better，for it is so 10．______ (wide) used in the world． the was founded students speaking interesting in what felt to learn widely 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 ①secondary adj．中学的；次要的 secondary school 中学 ②exchange n． & vt．交换；交流；兑换 an exchange student交换生 课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading) Period 4　 ③host n．主人；东道主； 主持人 host family寄宿家庭 a host country/city一个主办国/城市 host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会 ④get on/along well(with...)(与……)相处融洽 ⑤biology n．生物学 ⑥tough adj．艰难的 a tough job/choice 一份棘手的工作/一个艰难的选择 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 ⑦fun adj．有趣的 It's fun doing sth．做某事很有趣。 funny adj．滑稽的，好笑的 ⑧put...together 组织，组装(零件等)；汇集 ⑨alarm n．闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 set the alarm 设置闹钟 ⑩contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 ⑪fortunately adv．幸运地，幸亏 ⑫over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之(相当于as time goes on/by) ⑬option n．可选择的事物，选择；选修课 have no option but to do sth．除了做某事别无选择 ⑭butter n．黄油 bread and butter 黄油面包片 ⑮pudding n．甜点；布丁 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 ⑯attract vt．吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应) ⑰rugby n．橄榄球运动 ⑱once a week每周一次 ⑲a way to do sth．＝a way of doing sth．一个做某事的方法 ⑳experience different ways of life 体验不同的生活方式 ㉑fantastic adj．极好的；了不起的 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 School life in the U Last year，I had the chance to study at a British ①secondary school as an ②exchange student．I stayed with a lovely ③host family and went to school with their son，Daniel．We were both in year ten and we ④got on well．He is learning Chinese and will come to stay with me this year in China! 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 The British school day commonly begins around 9 a.m．and ends around 4 p.m．Every secondary school student in the UK must study English，Maths and the Science subjects: ⑤Biology，Chemistry and Physics．In year ten，students usually have to learn nine subjects and they can also choose to study other subjects，such as History，Art and Business． 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 The classes are different from those in China．[1] Each teacher has their own classroom and the students move around for every lesson．In most of my classes，there were only about 20 students．In the beginning，however，it was still ⑥tough for me to remember everyone's name! [1]本句是简单句。句中的 those 指代的是前面的可数名词复数 classes。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 I enjoyed most of the classes，but some of them were quite challenging．Technology classes were ⑦fun．I made a clock to take home．The teacher helped me⑧ put the parts together．I like it so much that I still use it as my ⑨alarm！[2]I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China．However，learning in English was a great challenge for me．There were a lot of difficult English words，especially in Geography and Biology．Class discussion is very important in the UK， 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 but I could not make a great ⑩contribution because sometimes I wasn't able to express myself clearly in English．Although there was not as much homework as I was used to，it was still challenging．[3] ⑪Fortunately，my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement．My language skills improved ⑫over time． [2]本句中 so...that...引导结果状语从句。 [3]此处为 although 引导的让步状语从句，其中 as...as...引导比较状语从句。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 During the hour-long lunchtime，I ate in the school dining hall．There were lots of ⑬options including bread and ⑭butter，chicken pie and ⑮puddings，but I still missed my mum's cooking! After lunch，I often played on the school's huge sports field with Daniel and his friends．Sometimes we just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass． 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 After school，there were many clubs to join．The one that ⑯attracted me most[4] was the ⑰Rugby Club．We played ⑱once a week，and it was great fun．Also，I enjoyed acting in the Theatre Club．I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream[5]．Joining clubs was⑲ a great way to meet British students and make friends with them． [4]此处为 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The one，one 指代的是 club。 [5]此处为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 I am glad to have the opportunity to ⑳experience this different way of life ．I met some great people and learnt a lot about school life in the UK．Daniel and his family were ㉑fantastic hosts，and his friends were very nice as well．I can't wait for Daniel to visit China！ 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 英国的学校生活 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。我住在一个亲切友好的寄宿家庭里，和他们的儿子丹尼尔一起上学。我们都上十年级，并且我们相处得很好。他正在学中文，今年会来中国和我一起住！ 英国的上学日通常上午大约9点开始(上课)，下午大约4点结束。英国的每个中学生都必须学习英语、数学和科学科目：生物、化学和物理。在十年级，学生通常要学习九门科目，也可以选择学习其他学科，如历史、美术和商业。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 英国中学的班级与中国的班级不同。每个老师都有自己的教室，学生们每节课都(在不同的教室之间)走来走去。在我的大多数班级里，只有大约20名学生。不过，刚开始，我还是很难记住每个人的名字！ 大部分课程我都很喜欢，但有些课程很有挑战性。技术课很有趣。我做了一个钟表带回家。老师帮助我把零件拼装在一起。我如此喜欢它，以至于我还用它作为我的闹钟！ 我觉得数学很简单，也很有趣，因为英国的教材难度没有中国的大。然而，用英语进行学习对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。有很多难懂的英语单词，尤其是在地理和生物(学科)中。在英国，课堂讨论很重要，但是我能做的贡献不多，因为有时我无法清晰地用英语表达自己的想法。虽然家庭作业没有我过去的那么多，但仍然很有挑战性。幸运的是，我的老师和同学总是乐于助人，给了我很多鼓励。我的语言能力随着时间的推移进步了。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 在长达一个小时的午餐时间里，我在学校食堂吃饭。那里有很多选择，包括黄油面包片、鸡肉馅饼和布丁，但我还是想念妈妈做的饭菜！午饭后，我经常和丹尼尔还有他的朋友们在学校的大运动场上玩耍。有时我们只是在树下休息或坐在草地上。 放学后，有许多俱乐部可以参加。最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。我们每周玩一次，真的很有趣。我也喜欢在戏剧俱乐部演出。我至今还留着自己表演莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》时的剧照。加入俱乐部是认识英国学生并与他们交朋友的好方法。 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 我很幸运有机会体验这种不同的生活方式。我遇到了一些很棒的人，了解了很多英国的学校生活。丹尼尔和他的家人是极好的房东，他的朋友们也都很友好。我等不及丹尼尔来中国了！ 课下预习 课时学案 Period 4　 $$