Unit 4 Do it yourself知识清单 -2024-2025学年译林版英语八年级上册

译林版八年级上册Unit 4 Do it yourself Comic strip& Welcome to the unit 1. 指示代词 单数 复数 近指 this 这个 these 这些 远指 that 那个 those 那些 2. instruct-instructs-instructing-instrcuted-instructed-instruction 动词，指示，命令 不可数名词，指导；可数名词，命令，指示 instruct sb. to do sth. 命令/指示某人做某事 instruct sb. how to do sth. 指示某人如何做某事 clear instructions 明确的指示 3. 祈使句：动词原形+其他. 否定句：Don’t+动词原形+其他. 4. had better do sth. 最好做某事 had better (not) do sth. 最好不做某事 5. problem可数名词，问题，困难-problems no problem 没问题/不用担心 have problems with sth. 某方面出现问题 have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到问题 6. 情态动词shall 1) 在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称，意为 “要不要……”、 “……好吗”。 e.g.: Shall we start? 我们开始好吗？ 2) 在陈述句中表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定等，主要用于第二、三人称，意为“必须、应、可”。 e.g.: You shall come. 你必须来。 7. help 1) 动词，帮助-helps-helping-helped-helped help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，有助于做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 2) 名词，帮助→helpful 形容词，有帮助的，乐于助人的→helpless 形容词，无助的 be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助的 helpful= be ready to help others 乐于助人 with the help of… 在……的帮助下 8. say-says-saying-said-saying 动词，说 可数名词，谚语，格言-sayings say… to sb. 向某人说…… say to oneself 自言自语 It says/ said… 上面写着…… As the saying goes, … 正如谚语所说…… 9. popular 形容词，受欢迎的 be popular among/with… 在……中受欢迎 10. tool可数名词，工具-tools a tool for… ……的工具 11. exact形容词，准确的→exactly副词 12. stand-stands-standing-stood-stood 动词，站立；忍受；支持，拥护 stand for… 代表，象征…… stand by… 支持；袖手旁观 stand out 突出，显眼，引人注目 stand up站起来；维护 stand in for 代替 13. repair-repairs-repairing-repaired-repaired 动词，修理 可数名词，修补 do repairs进行维修 make repairs 安排维修 need repairs 需要维修 14. decorate-decorates-decorating-decorated-decorated-decoration 动词，装饰 名词，装饰 decorate… with… 用……装饰→be decorated with… 15. 代替，而不是 instead of sth instead of doing sth. 16. pay-pays-paying-paid→well-paid 动词，付款 形容词，高薪的 pay sb.+ 价格 付给某人多少钱 pay for… 为……付钱/付出代价 pay sb. (money) to do sth. 付钱叫某人做某事 pay back 偿还（借款）；报复 pay off 还清（债务等）；获得成功 17. be going to do sth. = plan to do sth. 打算做某事 18. sound 1) 系动词，听起来-sounds-sounding-sounded-sounded sound lovely 听起来可爱 2) 不可数名词，声音 make sound 发出声音 19. need-needs-needing-needed-needed 1) 动词，需要 need to do sth. 需要做某事 need doing sth. = need to be done 需要被做某事 e.g.: The flowers need watering. = The flowers need to be watered. 鲜花需要被浇水。 2) 名词，需要 in need 处于需要中 20. enjoy-enjoys-enjoying-enjoyed-enjoyed-joy 动词，享受 不可数名词，乐趣 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事 enjoy oneself 玩得开心=have fun= have a good time enjoy oneself with sth. enjoy oneself (in) doing sth. 21. fun 1) 形容词，有趣的=interesting e.g.: English is fun. 英语是有趣的。 2) 名词，乐趣 great fun 很有趣 3) funny 形容词，滑稽可笑的 22. 不定代词 some- any- every- no- someone/somebody anyone/anybody everyone/everybody no one/nobody something anything everything nothing somewhere anything everywhere nowhere 用法： 1) 不定代词+形容词 e.g.: something important=some important things 一些重要的事情 somebody else 其他人 2) 不定代词+to do e.g.: something to eat 一些吃的东西 have nothing to do 无事可做 Reading 1. crazy形容词，疯狂的，痴迷的 be crazy about sth. 对某事痴迷 be crazy to do sth. 痴迷于做某事 2. love 动词，喜爱 love doing sth. = love to do sth. 喜爱做某事 名词，喜爱 show/have a love for… 热爱…… 3. finish-finishes-finishing-finished-finished 动词，完成 finish sth. 完成某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 4. look 1) 动词，看-looks-looking-looked look at… 看…… look for… 寻找…… look through 浏览，阅读；经历；穿过 look after…=take care of… 照顾…… look after… well = take good care of… 好好照顾…… 2) 系动词，看起来+形容词 look cute 看起来可爱 look like… 看起来像…… 3) 名词，看-looks 名词，外表 have a look 看一看 have a look at… 看…… 5. try 1) 动词，尝试-tries-trying-tried-tried try one’s best=do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 try (one’s best) to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 2) 名词，尝试 have a try 试一试 6. put-puts-putting-put-put 动词，安放 put in 安装 put on 穿上；上演；增加 put into put away 收起，放好；储存备用 put back 放回原处 7. light 1) 动词，点燃-lights-lighting-lit-lit light firecrackers 点燃爆竹 2) 名词，光线；灯-lightning 名词，闪电 8. mistake 1) 动词，误认为-mistakes-mistaking-mistook-mistaken mistake… for… 把……误认为…... 2) 可数名词，错误-mistakes make a mistake 犯错误 9. cut 1) 动词，切，剪，裁-cuts-cutting-cut-cut cut away 切掉，砍掉 cut down 砍伐 cut down on 削减 cut across 抄近路 cut back 修剪（枝叶等）；缩减 cut on 赶路 cut off 切断，中断 cut in 插嘴；超车 cut into 打断 cut out 切断；删去 cut short 缩短 cut from 从……切下 cut through 刺穿；抄近路 2) 名词，切，剪 have a power cut 停电 10. another+基数词+名词=基数词+more+名词 another time=one more time 还有一次 11. want-wants-wanting-wanted-wanted 动词，想要=would like want sth. =would like sth. 想要某物 want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 12. hit-hits-hitting-hit-hit 动词，击打 hit a pipe 击中管子 13. fill-fills-filling-filled-filled 动词，使充满 fill… with… 用……填充…… →be filled with… = be full of… 充满…… 14. think-thinks-thinking-thought →thought→thoughtful 动词，思考， 名词，思想 形容词，体贴的，考虑周到的 think of/about… 思考…… think (that)+从句 What do ou think of…? = How do you like/find…? 你觉得……怎么样？ I think so. 我这样认为。 I don’t think so. 我不这样认为。 15. bore 动词，使无聊-boring形容词，令人无聊的→bored 形容词，无聊的 be /get bored with… 对……感到无聊 16. paint 动词，上油漆；画油画-paints-painting-painted-painted-painting名词，油画-painter名词，油漆工，油画家 paint it blue 把它漆成蓝色 不可数名词，颜料，油漆 17. say-says-saying-said-saying 动词，说 可数名词，谚语，格言-sayings say… to sb. 向某人说…… say to oneself 自言自语 It says/ said… 上面写着…… As the saying goes, … 正如谚语所说…… 18. stop 动词，停止-stops-stopping-stopped-stopped stop doing sth. 停止做某事（正在做的事情） stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 可数名词，车站=station wait at the bus stop 在公交车站等 19. keep-keeps-keeping-kept 系动词，保持 keep the air clean 保持空气干净 keep (on) doing sth. 一直做某事 keep sb. from doing sth. 防止某人做某事 keep away from… 远离…… 20. not only… but (also)… “不但……而且……” 用法：“就近原则”——作主语时，谓语动词取决于but(also) 后的名词单复数。 e.g.: Not only the students but also the teacher was happy. 不仅学生开心，老师也开心。 21. have problems with sth. 在某方面遇到问题 have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到问题 No problem. 没问题。 22. spend-spends-spending-spent-spent 动词，花费 (sb.) spend time/money (in) doing sth. （某人）花费时间/金钱做某事 =It takes/took sb. time/money to do sth. (sb.) spend time/money on sth. （某人）花费时间/金钱在某事上 e.g.: She spent 2 hours (in) doing her homework. 她花了两小时写作业。 = She spent 2 hours on her homework. =It took her 2 hours to do her homework. 23. stay-stays-staying-stayed 1) 动词，停留 stay at home 待在家 stay away from… 远离…… 2) 系动词，保持 stay healthy 保持健康 24. one… the other… 一个……另一个…… others=other+可数名词复数 e.g.: others=other people 25. buy-buys-buying-bought-bought buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 26. advise-advises-advising-advised-advised→advice 动词，建议 不可数名词，建议 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 a piece of advice 一条建议 give some advice on… 给一些关于……的建议 27. make-makes-making-made-made 动词，制作 make sth. 制作某物 make sb. sth. = make sth for sb. 为某人制作某物 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make sb.+形容词 28. angry 形容词，生气的→angrily 副词，生气地→anger 名词，怒气 be angry with/at sb. 对某人生气 be angry at/ about/ with (doing) sth. 对（做）某事生气 29. know-knows-knowing-knew 动词，知道 know to do sth. 知道做某事 know how to do sth. 知道如何做某事 know about… 了解…… know a lot/much about… 很了解…… know no about… 不了解…… 30. instead 副词，相反 instead of 介词短语，代替，而不是 31. attend-attends-attending-attended-attended-attendance 动词，出席 名词，出席 attend lessons 上课 attend to sb. 照顾某人 32. fail-fails-failing-failed-failed-failure 动词，失败 名词，失败 fail in sth. 在某事上失败 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 fail an exam 考试不及格 Grammar （1） 祈使句 imperative sentence 表示命令、建议、要求等。 肯定句：动词原形+其他. 否定句：Don’t+动词原形+其他. （2） 词汇 1. fix-fixes-fixed-fixed-fixture 动词，修理；固定 名词 fix sth. 修理某物 fix… to… 把……固定到……→be fixed to… 被固定在…… 2. write-writes-writing-wrote-written-writer 动词，写 可数名词，作家→writers write an article on/about… 写一篇关于……的文章 write down 写下 write it down代词只能放中间 3. give-gives-giving-gave-given 动词，给 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 4. find-finds-finding-found-found-finding 动词，找到，发现 名词，发现-findings find one’s way out 找到某人的出路 find out 查明，发现 find sb./ sth. +形容词/副词/动词ing/动词ed/名词 5. remember-remembers-remembering-remembered-remembered 动词，记住 remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 6. break 1) 动词，打破-breaks-breaking-broke-broken→broken形容词，破损的 be broken 被打破 break down 奔溃，垮掉，发生故障 break out 爆发；发生 break up 打碎，拆散； 分裂；瓦解；分手；结束；停课 break in 打断，插嘴；闯入 break into 破门而入；突然…起来 e.g.: break into tears 突然落泪 break into pieces 破成碎片 break away 脱离；离开；逃脱 break away from 打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯 break off 断开；中断 break through 突破；出现 2) 名词，休息 have a break 休息 7. be late 迟到 be late for school上学迟到 be late for class 上课迟到 be late for work 上班迟到 8. begin-begins-beginning-began-beginning-beginner-beginners 动词，开始 名词，开始 可数名词，初学者 begin to do sth. =begin doing sth. 开始做某事 in the beginning 一开始 at the beginning of… 在……的开始 9. join-joins-joining-joined-joined 动词，加入 join +团体组织 加入…… join in+活动 参加…… join sb. in doing sth,. 加入某人做某事 10. patience 名词，耐心→patient形容词，耐心的→impatient 形容词，不耐心的 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient to do sth. 做某事有耐心 11. use 1) 动词，使用-uses-using-used-reuse 动词，再次使用 use sth. to do sth. = do sth. with sth. 使用某物做某事 e.g.: We use water to clean things every day. = We clean things with water every day. 我们每天使用水清洗物品。 2) 名词，用处，使用→useful 形容词，有用的 be useful 有用的 e.g.: Water is useful. 水是有用的。 12. important 形容词，重要的→importance 名词，重要性→importantly 副词，重要地 the importance of… ……的重要性 be important to sb. 对某人来说是重要的 13. danger名词，危险→dangerous 形容词，危险的 safety 名词，安全→safe 形容词，安全的 Integrated skills 1. wash-washes-washing-washed-washed 动词，清洗 wash the fruit清洗水果 wash the dishes 刷碗 2. mix-mixes-mixing-mixed-mixed-mixture 动词，混合 名词 mix… with… 把……与……混合 3. add-adds-adding-added-added 动词，增加 add to 增加 add…to… 把……增加到…… 4. choose-chooses-choosing-chose-chosen-choice 动词，选择 可数名词，选择 choose sb./sth. 选择某人/某物 choose sb. to do sth. 选择某人做某事 make a choice 做出选择 5. tip可数名词，提示；小费-tips a tip/tips for… ……的提示 give some tips 给一些提示/小费 6. sure 形容词，确信的 be/ make sure of/about… 确信…… be/ make sure to do sth. 确保做某事 副词，当然=of course 7. 例如 for example 后接句子，用逗号隔开 such as 后接名词/动词ing，相当于like 8. colour可数名词，颜色-→colourful 形容词，色彩鲜艳的 9. prepare-prepares-preparing-prepared-prepared-preparation 动词，准备 名词，准备 prepare sth.准备某物 prepare for… 为……做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 make preparations for… 为……做准备 make preparations to do sth. 准备做某事 10. leave-leaves-leaving-left-left→left 动词，离开 形容词，剩余的 leave sp. 离开某地 leave for sp. 动身去某地 leave sp. for sp. 离开某地去某地 系动词，保持 leave sb./sth. +形容词 e.g.: leave me alone 让我一个人待着；别管我 leave sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物一直做某事 11. It’s time for sth. = It’s time to do sth. 该做某事了。 12. clean 1) 动词，打扫-cleans-cleaning-cleaned clean the room 打扫房间 clean up 打扫干净 2) 形容词，干净的 13. pick-picks-picking-picked-picked 动词，挑选；捡起 pick sth. up 捡起某物 pick it/them up 代词只能放中间 14. correct 1) 动词，改正-corrects-correcting-corrected-corrected-correction 名词 correct mistakes 改正错误 2) 形容词，正确的-correctly 副词，正确地 Study skills 1. certain 形容词，确定的-uncertain 形容词，不确定的-certainly 副词，确定地-uncertainly副词，不确定地-certainty 名词-uncertainty be certain about sth. be certain about how to do sth. 2. comfort 1) 动词，安慰-comforts-comforting-comforted-comforted-comfortable 形容词，舒服的-uncomfortable 形容词，不舒服的-comfortably副词，舒服地-uncomfortably 副词，不舒服地 comfort sb. 安慰某人 2) 名词，安慰 3. act-acts-acting-acted-acted→action→active→inactive-actively-inactively 动词，行动 可数名词，行为 形容词，积极的 act to do sth. 行动起来做某事 take actions to do sth. 采取措施做某事 take an active part in… 积极参与…… 4. usual形容词，通常的，平常的-usually 副词，通常-unusual 形容词，不平常的-unusually副词 as usual 像往常一样 5. sleep-sleeps-sleeping-slept-slept 动词，睡觉→sleeping 形容词，正在睡觉的→sleepy 形容词，困倦的→asleep形容词，睡着的 feel sleepy 感到困倦 fall asleep 入睡 sleep through the winter 冬眠 6. noise名词，噪声→noisy 形容词，喧闹的 7. tidy 动词，整理-tidies-tidying-tidied-tidied tidy up 收拾干净，代词只能放中间 形容词，整洁的-untidy 形容词，不整洁的 Task 1. come-comes-coming-came-come 动词，来 be coming 即将到来 come to sp. 来到某地 2. decide-decides-deciding-decided-decided-decision 动词，决定 可数名词，决定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 make a decision 做决定 3. 独自，单独 alone= (all) by oneself=on one’s own 4. plan 1) 动词，计划-plans-planning-planned-planned plan sth. 计划某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 2) 可数名词，计划-plans a plan/plans for… ……的计划 5. help 1) 动词，帮助-helps-helping-helped help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，有助于做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 2) 名词，帮助→helpful 形容词，有帮助的，乐于助人的 be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助的 6. have fun=have a good time 玩得开心 have fun with sth. 在某方面玩得开心 have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事玩得开心 7. final 1) 名词，决赛；期末考试 in the final 在决赛中 2) 形容词，最终的→finally 副词，最后 finally=at last=in the end 最后，最终 8. stick 1) 动词，粘贴-sticks-sticking-stuck-stuck-sticker可数名词，贴纸 2) 名词，棍，枝条-sticks stick to坚持 stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 stick on 对……迟疑 stick by 忠于…… stick down 把…..粘起来 stick out 9. complete 1) 动词，完成-completes-completing-completed-completed-completion 名词，完成 complete doing sth. 完成做某事 2) 形容词，完整的-completely 副词，完全地，全部 10. face可数名词，脸庞→facial 形容词，脸部的 11. hope 1) 动词，希望-hopes-hoping-hoped-hoped hope to do sth. 希望做某事 hope that+从句 2) 名词，希望 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$