Unit 4 Looking good,feeling good Grammar and usage 定语从句(关系副词)课件-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

unit 4 Grammar and usage 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 Restrictive relative clauses(限制性定语从句) with relative adverbs（关系副词） 温故知新(1) What’s the attributive clause? 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰或限定某一________或________的_________叫定语从句。 名词 代词 从句 例：He is the man who I respect very much. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 关系代词 指人 指物 Subject 主语 Object 宾语 Attribute 定语 who whom whose which that 关系代词的用法 关系代词何时可以省略？ 做宾语时可以省略！ 关系词 ①连接先行词和定语从句； ②指代先行词； ③在定语从句中充当成分。 关系词的作用： 关系代词 关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose起着代词和连词的作用，在定语从句中充当主语，宾语或定语 when,where,why起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在定语从句中充当状语 It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason _____ they should be worried. 作原因状语 why In a society ______ being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. where 作地点状语 温故知新(2) Exploring the rules a time a reason which 介词 由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词( relative adverbs )： when where why 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语： when作__________; where作__________; why作__________. 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 Tips: 区别使用关系代词还是关系副词的方法就是分析定语从句的句子结构，看他们在定语从句中充当的是什么成分。 关系副词when, where, why可以用 “介词+which”代替！ 关系副词的基本用法 1. when的用法： We remembered the first day when we entered senior high school. 我们还记得我们刚进入高中的第一天。 作时间状语 I often think of the moment when I first saw her. 我经常想起我第一次见到她的那一刻。 作时间状语 归纳：when指时间，引导的定语从句修饰time, moment, day, month, year, period等表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，且关系副词when可用表示时间的介词 (如at/in/on/during…) + which替代 缺时间状语on the first day 缺时间状语at the moment 1.观察先行词有什么特点？ 2.从句中缺少什么成分？ I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the team . I’ll never forget the day. I joined the team on that day. when作时间状语 1. when的用法： 关系副词的基本用法 即学即练 He will always remember the day _______________his father returned from Beijing. I can not forget the day ______________I first saw her. when/on which when/on which 2. where的用法： This is the town where I was born. China is the country where wild pandas can be found. 作地点状语 缺地点状语in the town 缺地点状语from the country 作地点状语 归纳：where指地点，引导的定语从句修饰place, house, town, city, country, world 等表示地点的先行词或如point, position, condition, situation, case等表抽象地点的名词，在定语从句中作地点状语，且关系副词where可用表示地点的介词(如at/in/on…) +which替代。 in which from which 这就是我出生的城镇。 中国是唯一能够找到野生大熊猫的国家。 翻译句子 ①这是我们年轻时工作过的农场。 This is the farm where/on which we worked when we were young. ②昨天我参观了父母曾经住过的房子。 Yesterday, I paid a visit to the house where/in which my parents once lived. 即学即练 3. why的用法： This is the reason why he didn’t come to the meeting. 这就是他为什么不来参加会议的原因。 缺原因状语for the reason 作原因状语 for which The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。 缺原因状语for the reason for which 归纳：why指原因或理由，引导的定语从句修饰reason, excuse等的表原因的先行词，在定语从句中作原因状语，且关系副词why可用for+which替代。 合并句子 ① Give me one good reason. I should help you for the reason. Give me one good reason why/for which I should help you. ②Can you tell me the reason? You sold your new car for the reason. Can you tell me the reason why/for which you sold your new car ? 关系副词 相当于 被代替的先行词 在定语从句中作成分 at, in, on等介词+which 表示地点的名词 at, in, on, during等介词+which 地点状语 表示时间的名词 时间状语 for+which reason 原因状语 when where why 1. I did not perform well at school last week. The reason was my poor-quality sleep. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________. 2. I miss those days. I used to sleep really well in those days. _________________________________________________________________. 3. The hospital is near my home. I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. I still remember that afternoon. That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep. I miss those days when/in which I used to sleep really well. The hospital where/in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home. I still remember that afternoon when/on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. Page 49 B Applying the rules B1:Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses. I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked together. I’ll never forget the days _____________ we spent together. when/in which that/which 4. 如何区分关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词为时间类名词，一定用关系副词when吗？可以用that/which吗? 缺时间状语 in the days 缺spent的宾语 the days ★不能看到表时间的先行词就用when，要看从句缺什么成分！如从句完整不缺主语、宾语、定语时，用关系副词when 先行词为地点类，一定用关系副词where吗？可以用that/which吗？ This is the house ______________ he was born. This is the house ____________ was set up by his parents. where/in which that/which 缺主语 ★不能看到表地点的先行词就用where, 要看从句缺什么成分!如从句完整不缺主语、宾语、定语时，用关系副词where 缺地点状语 in the house 先行词为原因类，一定用关系副词why吗？可以用that/which吗？ This is the reason ____________ he was late. This is the reason ____________ he told us. why/for which that/which 缺原因状语for the reason 缺told的直接宾语 ★不能看到reason 就用why，要看从句缺什么成分! 如从句完整不缺主语、宾语、定语时，用关系副词why 表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语时，则应用关系代词。 方法：分析从句句子成分，缺啥补啥。 总结 区别使用关系代词还是关系副词的方法 1.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。 ①I remember the day on which I joined the League. ②I remember the days during which I lived here. ③I remember the month in which I stayed there. 强调在具体某一天要用介词on 强调在某几天时间内要用介词during 在month前介词要用in 介词的选用原则 一先二动三意义 2. 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 ①This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. ②This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. spend money on sth.为固定搭配 pay money for sth.为固定搭配 介词的选用原则 一先二动三意义 3. 根据从句所表达的意义来确定。 ①My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, crashed yesterday. 昨天我的电脑崩溃了，没有它我不能上网。 ②The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday. 介词的选用原则 一先二动三意义 补充： 固定搭配一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 如：look for, look after, take care of ①This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. ②The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 介词的选用原则 一先二动三意义 用适当的介词填空。 1. He will never forget the day ________ which he failed in the exam. 2. This is the book ________ which Tom often talks. 3. Air, ________ which man can’t live, is really important. 4. This is the man ________ whom you can turn for help. on about without to 一先二动三意义 (which/that) when/at which where/in which which/that why/for which B2 Page 49 B Applying the rules e.g.: 我将有一个重要的会议要参加，这就是我不能和你一起去书店的原因。 I will have an important meeting to attend, and this is why I can’t go to the bookstore with you. The reason why I can’t go to the bookstore with you is that I will have an important meeting to attend. I can’t go to the bookstore with you, and this is because I will have an important meeting to attend. the reason why…is that… ……的原因是…… this/that’s why… 那就是为什么…… this/that’s because… 那是因为…… term (n.)期限；学期；术语；措辞；条款 e.g.: ①It’s nearly the end of term. ②I learned a new term in math class. ③We should use proper terms to express our ideas. ④I would never agree to their terms. ⑤We should carefully check if there are any mistakes in terms of grammar. memory (n.)记忆；回忆 e.g.: ①I have a bad memory for names. ②The photos bring back lots of good memories. ③He set up the charity in memory of his late wife. ④This was indeed the most __________ day of my life. ⑤Can you tell me how to __________ the English words in a short time? memorable memorize attack (n.)发作；攻击；抨击 (vt.)侵袭；攻击；抨击 e.g.: ①The city was under attack by the invaders for many days. ②The new policy is under attack from many people. ③A woman ____________ while walking home late at night. ④The cold weather attacks our skin. was attacked amount (n.)数量 (v.)总计 e.g.: ①The amount of traffic on the road is increasing every day. ②A good amount of sleep every night is important for our health. ③Large amounts of time were spent on preparing for the exam. ④He was advised to drink water in large amounts every day. ⑤Her monthly savings amount to around a thousand dollars. ⑥His words amounted to a complete refusal. schedule (n.)日程安排, 工作计划; 时间表 (vt.)为……安排时间 e.g.: ①The new bridge has been finished two months ahead of schedule. ②The sports meeting began on schedule/as scheduled. ③The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon. ④The competition is scheduled to start on 19 December. sound (n.)声音 (v.)听起来(像);(使)发出声音;拉响警报 (adj.)无损伤的;酣畅的 (adv.)酣畅地 e.g.: ①His voice sounded strange on the phone. ②The bell sounded for the end of the class. ③When I saw the smoke, I tried to sound the alarm. ④We arrived at home, safe and sound. ⑤I had a sound night’s sleep yesterday. ⑥He was lying in bed, sound asleep. awake (vt.)唤醒；醒来；唤起,激起 (adj.)醒着的 e.g.: ①I awoke/woke (up) from a sound sleep. ②The noise was keeping everyone ________. ③The book awoke his interest in history. ④It took her some time to awake to/wake up to the dangers of her situation. ⑤A cool shower will soon wake you up. awake go off 熄灭；发出声音；爆炸；离开 e.g.: ①The alarm clock went off at six o’clock in the morning. ②She went off to work early this morning. ③The bomb went off in a crowded street. ④Suddenly all the lights went off/on. $$