Unit7单词默写、讲解、词组、语法基础 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

牛津英语8A Unit7单词默写、讲解、词组、语法基础 一、单词默写 牛津英语8（上）Unit 7 单词默写 序号 汉语 词性 英文默写 序号 汉语 词性 英文默写 1 打赌 v 30 有一点 2 有雾的,多雾的 adj. 33 吹；刮 v 3 有雨的 adj. 34 大声地 adv. 4 有雪的 adj. 35 给…打电话 v 5 蝴蝶 n. 36 雾 n. 6 阵雨；阵雪 n. 37 困倦的；瞌睡的 adj. 7 记忆，回忆 n. 38 光亮，光泽 n. 8 小河，溪流 n. 39 光亮的，反光的 adj. 9 阴凉处，树荫处 n. 40 突然的 adj. 10 堆 n. 41 雪球 n. 11 在…之上 prep 42 打仗（架） n. 12 收割，收获 n. 43 深的 adj. 13 庄家，收成 n. 44 结冰的 adj. 14 当…时；随着 conj. 45 陆地 n. 15 温度 n. 46 激动人心的 adj. 16 下落，落下 v 47 扔，投，掷 vt. 17 上升；升起 vi. 48 尖叫，惊呼 v 18 云 n. 49 雪人 n. 【复】 19 踢 vt. 50 冰 n. 20 发烧 n. 51 到处 adv. 21 咳嗽 vi. 22 糟糕的，很坏的 adj. 23 暴风雪 n. 24 风 n. 25 大约 adv. 26 阳光 n. 27 其余的部分（人） n. 28 度数 n. 29 一点，少量 n. 二、Unit7单元知识点 1) bring“带来”与take“带走” ─ I’m sorry I ______ my exercise book at home. ─ Don’t forget ______ it to school tomorrow, please. A. forgot; to take B. left; to bring C. forgot; to bring D. left; to take 2) It’s the best time to do sth.意为“那是做某事的最好时间”，也可以说成It’s the best time for (doing) sth. a) It’s the best time __________(play) football outside now. b) Winter is coming. It’s the best time ________ snowmen. A. making B. to make C. make D. to making 3) so作程度副词，表示“那么、非常”，修饰形容词或者副词，一般不修饰名词，当名词前面有many, much, few, little时，表示“那么”之意用so. a) His brother did his homework so that he made many mistakes. ( care) b) The soft music and warm sunshine make me so___________( sleep ). c) It is so _________(风), many people cover their faces with ______________(围巾). d) Look! It is ______ so _______! A. snows; heavily B. snowing; heavily C. snowing; heavy D. snowing; big e) -Why are you driving so slowly, Dad? -It's so______ and I can't see clearly. A. foggy B. sunny C. frosty D. cloudy f) There’s little chance of supporting __ little children in __a poor family. A. so; such B. so; so C. such; so D. such; such 4) be full of意为“装满”=be filled with。 a) When winter comes, it is ___ snow everywhere and even the big tree is ___deep white snow. A. full with; covered with B. fill with; covered in C. full of; covered in D. fill to; covered with b) Look! My room is __________ flowers. It’s so beautiful. A. full of B. full with C. fill of D. fill with c) The bottle is full _________water. Who has filled it _________water? A. of; with B. with; of C. with; with D. of; of d) If you read a lot, your life will be full _______ pleasure. A by B．of C．for D．with e) Some students’ school bags are always ________ snacks. It is not good. A. careful with B. full of C. filled of D. covered with 5) far away意为“遥远、在远处”，far away from表示“远离” a) --- Excuse me, is there a railway station near your school ? --- Yes, our city railway station is ten kilometers _______ our school. A. far away B. far from C. away from D. far away from b) My home is about five miles ___________ my new school. A. far away B. from C. away D. far away from 6) find, look for和find out辨析 find意为“找到”，强调寻找的结果；look for意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程；find out意为“查明”，多指通过调查、询问、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”之意，通常含有通过困难曲折之意，多指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。 7) I find he's very clever. (改为同义句) I find _______ very_______. 8) what引导的感叹句常用的结构有： “What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语” “What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语”。 What a beautiful flower! What interesting books these are! What heavy snow it is! 【拓展】how引导的感叹句的结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。 How beautiful the bird is! How fast Mary runs! a) ─ ________ bad weather! It makes me down. ─ Yes. _________ rainy morning! A. What; What B. What a; What C. What a; What a D. What; What a b) good time we have basketball. A. What a;to play B. How;playing C. What a; playing D. How; to play c) -You enjoyed yourselves during the trip,didn’t you? --Far from that , time we had! A. What awful B.How awful C.What an awful D. How an awful d) foggy weather it is!You can’t be too careful while driving. A.What B.How C.What a D. How a e) –The advantages of Chongqi Bridge have already been seen. --_____ good news to us! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a f) What a perfect time it is (fly) a kite! g) What an ________ (terrible) day it was! It seemed that everything was wrong. 9) hide from意为“躲、藏”，hide sth. from sb.“藏起某物使某人找不到” a) Let's get into the house_______ the heavy rain. A. hide from B. to hide from C．hide off D．to hide off b) When the boys grow up, they will try to hide their parents. A. away B. with C. from D. in c) Where's my cat?  It's ________ (hide) in the basket and sleeping. 10) memory作名词，表示“记忆、回忆” in memory of意为“为了纪念……” The photos bring back lots of good _________(memory). The writer constructed(构思) the story from ________(memory) of her childhood. I like the city of Suzhou because of all the sweet _____________ (memory) there. 11) turn作连系动词，表示“变得”，主要表示颜色的变化 a) .---Peter, the light in your room _______ the whole night. What were you doing? ---Oh, I was busy writing a report. A. turns on B. turned on C. is on D. was on b) The clouds will turn thicker in the afternoon.(改为同义句) It will turn ________ ________ in the afternoon. c) When spring comes, the trees turn ______ and the temperature ______ quickly. A. green; drops B. brown; rises C. green; rises D. brown; drops d) In autumn leaves ___________ brown. A. hide B. turn C. drop D. seem e) –Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370? --I’ve no idea. Let’s ____ the TV to watch the news programme. A. turn on B. turn down C. turn up D. turn off 12) as用作连词，意为“当……时候、随着”，引导时间状语从句。 Anna read the letter as she walked along the river. a) —Mum, I don’t quite understand the Chinese saying. —Dear, don’t worry. _______ the years go by, you will get to know it. A. As B. While C. Since D. Until 13) describe作及物动词，表示“描述、叙述” ，describe sth. to sb. “向某人描述某物” a) Can you _____________(描述) the car show for us？ 14) rise和raise辨析 rise是不及物动词，意为“上升、升高”主语一般是人；raise是及物动词，意为“提高、举起、筹集”，主语通常是人。 When summer comes, the temperature will rise day after day. Don’t raise your voice to me. a) Don’t worry about your boy too much. His temperature will_______back to normal if he takes this medicine. A. drop B. rise C. go D. travel b) Smoke was_______ from the chimney. A rise B rose C risen D．rising c) She ____________(rise/raise) early in the morning. d) The sun __________ (rise) in the east. e) Mr Wu told us that the sun_______ (rise) from the east. f) In July, the sun ________ at about half past five in this area. So we should start early before it gets too hot. A. raises B. drops C. falls D. rises g) Mr．Wu said that the sun______ （rise） in the east． 15) below是介词，表示“在……下面、低于……”。（斜上方，楼层，温度...） The temperature is below freezing. a) In North-east China, the temperature is usually_____ -20℃ in winter. A. under B. over C. below D. above b) --Shall we go skating tomorrow? – Good idea! The temperature will stay zero. A above B.below C. over D.under 16) be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，be busy with sth. “忙于某事” a) Jack seems_______ than you_______ ready for the exams． A. busy；to get B. much busier； getting C. busier；to get D. more busier； getting b) My parents are busy _______( prepare) for my birthday party. c) Those farmers are busy ______(harvest) crops in the fields. d) The new students are busy ______________(介绍)themselves to each other. e) My parents are busy working all day.(改同义句) My parents are busy all day. 17) be different from“与……不同”，be different in“在……方面不同”。 反义：be the same as sth a) There aren’t any between this kind of goldfish and that kind. ( different). 18) taste作连系动词，意为“尝起来”，后接形容词作表语。 This cake tastes very delicious. 常见的连系动词有．be是，become成为，feel觉得，get变，grow长成为，look看起来，seem好像，smell闻起来，sound听起来，stay保持，taste尝起来，turn变等等。 a) My mother is good at cooking. She can cook__________ food.(tasty) b) The food tastes ______ and sells ______. A. good; good B. well; well C. good; well D. well; good 19) watch sb. do sth. 意为“观看，某人做某事”，强调全过程或者经常发生； watch sb. doing sth.“观看某人正在做某事”。 a) The twins watch their father the flowers in the garden every day. A. waters B. water C. to water D. watering 20) make sth. for sb.意为“为某人做某物”，相当于make sb. sth. a) Too hot afternoons often make people __________ (sleep) and tired. b) You must try your best to stop him_______ (make) the same mistake again. c) The novel was later into a play. (make) 21) rest此处表示“其余的部分” the rest of意为“其余的……、其它的……”，后可接可数名词后者不可数名词，当在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后面的名词保持一致. The rest of the money is on the desk. Some of the students are reading in the classroom and the rest of them are on the playground. a) Some children were in the classroom and the rest _________in the playground. A. was B. were C. are D. is b) Most of the people are working, and ______ are having ______. A. the rest； a rest B. rest； a rest C. rest； rest D. the rest； resting 22) There will be...意为“将有……”，为There be结构的一般将来时。 There will be a football match on TV programme tomorrow evening. a) The weather report says it will be ________ and there will be ________tomorrow. A. wind, clouds B. windy, cloudy C. wind, cloudy D. windy, clouds 23) How is the weather?意为“天气怎么样？”=What’s the weather like?。 a) --______ the weather _______ today? 一It’s rainy today. A. How is the weather like? B. What does the weather? C. What fine weather! D. What’s the weather like today? 24) This is...speaking是电话用语，表示“我是……”，询问“你是谁？”时，用Is that...speaking? 25) a bit/ a little/ a bit of/ not a bit/ not a little 词组 含义 修饰内容 a bit 有点儿 形容词/副词 His bedroom is a little/a bit dirty. a little 有点儿 形容词/副词 His bedroom is a little/a bit dirty. 一点儿 不可数名词 There is a little/a bit of water in the glass. a bit of 一点儿 不可数名词 There is a little/a bit of water in the glass. not a bit 一点儿也不=not at all She isn’t bit tired. not a little 一点儿也不=very She isn’t a little tired. a) I want to buy_______ milk. A. a bit B．a little of C. a bit of D. a little from b) The boy felt _______ thirsty and stopped to drink ______ water. A. a bit; a bit B. a bit of; a bit of C. a bit of; a bit D. a bit; a bit of a bit; a little; not a bit; not a little 1. Please give me __________________ of paper. 2. The patient feels __________________ better today. 3. Let’s rest for __________________. 4. He is __________________ tired. (他一点不累。) 5. He is __________________ tired. (他很累。) c) Please speak a bit ______________ (loud.) We can’t hear you at all. d) Don't give up．It's only_______ hard．I'm sure you can work it out． A. a lot B. much too C. very much D. a bit 26) lucky作形容词，意为“幸运的”，be lucky to do sth.“有幸做某事” a) What a__________ dog! He is always successful(luck). b) I was ________(luck) enough to catch the last bus. c) ________ (luck), it didn’t rain. ___________ (luck), he hurt himself badly. d) , I could get the last ticket to the concert.（luck） 27) fight 名词，意为“打仗” have a fight with sb. “与某人打架” fight也可以作动词 fight with表示“与……打架” fight for表示“为……打架” a) There are often some _________(打架) among the boys. b) －I think I’ve got a bad cold, Doctor. Shall I take some medicine? 　－No need. Your body itself is able to ______ the virus (病毒). Just drink more water and rest. A. catch B. fight C. lose D. hide 28) everyone是不定代词，只能指人，其后不能跟of引起的短语，every one即可以指人也可以指物，后面可跟of引起的短语。 Everyone likes him. Every one of the apples in the basket was bad 29) throw...at...意为“向……投……” a) I saw them ____ (throw) snowballs at each other when I passed the playground. b) The pen was broken so he _________ (throw) it away. 30) use sth. for...表示“用某物来……”，后接名词、代词或者动名词 use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”。 a) He uses his bike for going to school. ( most) b) This new dictionary is very ________(use) to me. I like it very much. c) When I saw the car accident, I _______the 110 hot-line for help _______my mobile phone. A. used; used B. called; called C. used; called D. called; using d) In my ideal school, we have a big library ______ lots of _________ books. A. has; use B. has; useful C. with; useless D. with; useful 三、单元词组 Welcome to the unit 1. Bring me my clothes. 把我的衣服拿过来。 2. Is this one OK? 这件行吗？[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K] 3. I bet you’ll look cool and feel cool with nothing on! 我敢说什么都不穿的话，你会看起来很酷并感觉很凉爽的！ 4. Which season do you like best? = Which is your favourite season? 你最喜欢哪个季节？*X*K] 5. It’s the best time to play football outside. 它是户外踢足球的最佳时间。 6. in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春/夏/秋/冬天 7. enjoy ice cream 享受冰淇淋 Reading 1. a poem about the seasons 一首关于季节的诗 2. seasons of the year 一年中的季节 3. Winter days are full of snow. 冬天的日子满是雪。 4. Trees and flowers forget to grow. 树儿和花儿都忘记了生长。 5. The birds fly far away to find a warm and sunny day. 鸟类远飞去寻找一个温暖晴朗的日子。 6. The days of spring are windy and bright. 春天的日子风和日丽。 7. What a perfect time to fly a kite! 一个多好的放风筝的时间啊！ 8. Bees and butterflies play among flowers. 蜜蜂和蝴蝶在花丛中嬉戏。 9. hide from the April showers 躲避四月的阵雨 10. lazy afternoons 懒懒的下午 11. by a pool 在池塘边 12. eat ice cream to feel cool 吃冰淇淋来感觉凉快 13. Autumn leaves turn brown. 秋天的落叶变成褐色。 14. fall into piles upon the ground 掉落在地上变成了堆 15. Farmers work to harvest crops. 农民劳作是为了收割庄稼。 16. As the days are shorter and the temperature 随着白昼变短，温度下降， drops, soon the snowy season will begin. 很快下雪的季节就将开始了。 17. take one’s temperature 量某人的体温 18. It will be a new year once again. 又将是新的一年。 19. Snow rhymes with grow. snow与grow押韵。 20. Brown leaves fall on the ground. 褐色的树叶落在地上。 21. Why do we seldom see birds in winter? 为什么在冬天我们很少看到鸟儿呢？ 22. Because most of them fly away to a warm and sunny place. 因为它们中的大多数都飞到一个温暖又晴朗的地方去了。 23. describe the weather 描述一下天气 24. In April, the showers may come suddenly. 在四月，阵雨或许会突然来临。 25. How do people feel on a hot summer afternoon? 在炎热的夏天的下午，人们感觉如何呢？ 26. on the afternoon of my birthday 在我生日那天的下午[来Com] 27. feel lazy 感觉懒洋洋的 28. The leaves turn brown and the temperature drops quickly. 树叶变成褐色，温度快速下降。 29. The leaves turn green and the temperature rises quickly. 树叶变绿，温度快速上升。 30. White snow covers the whole earth. = The whole earth is covered with white snow. 白雪覆盖了整个大地。 31. The temperature can drop below zero. 气温能降到零度以下。 32. A windy day is perfect for flying a kite. 有风的日子是放风筝的绝佳时机。 33. They hide away when the April showers come. 当四月的阵雨来临时，它们就躲开。 34. have sweet memories of summer days 有对夏日的甜蜜回忆 35. They like to play by quiet streams or under the shade of trees. 他们喜欢在寂静的小溪旁或树荫下玩。 36. When autumn comes, the leaves turn brown and fall into piles upon the ground. 当秋天来临的时候，树叶变成褐色并且掉落在地上变成堆。 37. Farmers are busy harvesting crops. 农民们忙着收割庄稼。 38. be busy with sth 忙于某物 39. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Grammar 1. They are quite different. 它们相当不同。 2. Ice cream tastes nice. 冰淇淋尝起来很好。 3. Snow falls. 雪落下来。 4. Hobo brought Eddie his clothes. Hobo 给Eddie拿来了他的衣服。 5. Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream. = Hobo gave some ice cream to Eddie. Hobo 给了Eddie一些冰淇淋。 6. Hobo built Eddie a tent. = Hobo built a tent for Eddie. Hobo 给Eddie建了一个帐篷。 7. Hobo built Eddie a tent with sticks at the beach yesterday. 昨天Hobo 在沙滩边用树枝给Eddie建了一个帐篷。 8. There was not a cloud in the sky. 天空中万里无云。 9. Mum was making breakfast for me when I woke up this morning. 今天早上当我醒来时妈妈正在给我做早饭。 10. wake me up 把我叫醒 11. The clouds became dark. 云变暗了。 12. They covered the sun. 它们遮住了太阳。 13. Luckily, it didn’t rain. 幸好没下雨。 14. New Year’s Day 元旦 15. Mum and Dad gave me nice presents. 爸妈给了我漂亮的礼物。 16. The rain was falling from morning till night. （当时）雨从早到晚都在下。 17. I hate rainy days. 我讨厌下雨天。 18. I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 我看见一些小孩正在公园里踢球。 19. I caught a bad cold. = I had a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 20. I had a high fever and coughed a lot. 我发了高烧并且老是咳嗽。 21. Mum took me to the hospital. 妈妈带我去了医院。 22. an awful day 糟糕的一天 Integrated skills 1. weather in different seasons and places 不同季节不同地方的天气 2. Snowstorms from the north will arrive in the late afternoon. 来自北方的暴风雪将于傍晚到来。 3. The wind will be stronger. 风会更大。 4. a strong wind 一阵大风 5. a heavy rain 一场大雨 6. drop to -10℃ 降到零下十度 7. turn more cloudy 转为（更加的）多云 8. The temperature will be around 9℃ during the day and 4℃ at night. 白天的气温将会在9度左右，晚间在4度左右。 9. It will be a beautiful, hot day again today, with temperatures in the thirties. 今天又将是美妙、炎热的一天，气温达到三十几度。 10. in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时 11. Sunshine and blue skies will stay with us for the rest of the week. 阳光和蓝天将在本周余下的时间里伴随我们。 12. The rest of the apples are for you. 余下的苹果是给你的。 13. The rest of the money is mine. 余下的钱是我的。 14. There will be a few showers today. 今天将会有一点阵雨。 15. listen to the weather report on the radio 收听收音机里的天气预报 16. It can be so different in different places. 不同地方的（天气）能如此不同。 17. the lowest/ highest temperature 最低/高温度 18. stay above zero 保持在零度以上 19. during this time of year 在每年的这段时间里 20. This is Aunt Jane speaking. 我是珍妮阿姨。（电话用语） 21. —How are you doing? —I’m fine. —你怎么样啊？ —我身体很好。 22. a strong snowstorm 一场大的暴风雪 23. How’s the weather in Nanjing? = What’s the weather like in Nanjing? 南京的天气怎样？ 24. a bit cold = a little cold 有点冷 25. a bit of money = a little money 一点点钱 26. I can’t hear you (clearly). 我听不清你说话。 27. The wind is blowing hard. 风正刮得很猛。 28. Can you speak louder please? 你能说得大声一点吗？ 29. I’ll ring you later. 以后我会（再）打你电话的。 30. take care 保重 Study skills 1. have to cover their faces with scarves 不得不用围巾蒙住脸 2. wear a scarf 戴着围巾 3. It makes them look funny. 它使他们看上去很滑稽。 4. The high temperature makes people sleepy in the afternoon. 高温使人们在下午昏昏欲睡。 5. The sudden heavy rain causes a lot of problems. 这突然的大雨会引起很多问题。 6. Autumn is the best season of the year. 秋天是一年中最好的季节。 7. People are lucky to enjoy many sunny days. 人们很幸运能够享受到很多晴天。 8. They like to have a short trip around the city at the weekend. 他们喜欢周末在城市周边进行短途旅行。 9. on snowy days 在下雪天 10. like snowball fights 喜欢打雪仗 11. Heavy fog is not healthy for people. 大雾对人们来说是不健康的。 Task 1. Everyone has to wear thick warm clothes. 每个人都不得不穿着厚厚的保暖的衣服。 2. Everything is covered in deep white snow. = The deep white snow covers everything.[来 一切都被厚厚的白雪覆盖着。 3. The lakes and rivers are frozen. 湖泊与河流都结了冰。 4. It is exciting to have big snowball fights. 打一场激烈的雪仗是很令人兴奋的。 5. We throw snowballs at each other, screaming and laughing.我们向对方扔雪球，叫着，笑着。 6. make snowmen 堆雪人 7. use carrots for their noses 用胡萝卜做它们的鼻子 8. the Ice Festival 冰雕节 9. There are beautiful ice lanterns everywhere. 到处都有漂亮的冰灯。 10. What activities do people enjoy doing in this season? 在这个季节人们喜欢做什么活动呢？ 四、语法：英语句子的成分 主语S 谓语动词V 宾语 O 直接宾语DO 间接宾语IO 宾补OC < > 定语 （ ） 状语 [ ] 一）句子成分讲解 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动 作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有： make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。） 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）宾语补足语 < > 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 如：They make her< happy>.（形容词） I see her< dance>.（不定式） We’ll help you to make the Olympics <a success>.（名词） Please let him <in>.（副词） We heard her <singing a song>.（分词短语） （五）表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如：I am a teacher.（名词） He is always happy.（形容词） They are on the playground now.（介词短语） It gets cold.（形容词） Be动词（am，is，are, was, were） seem(似乎） 系动词 表 “保持”（keep, stay） 表 “变得” （get， become， turn, go, grow） 感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），look（看起来）， taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来）） 如：It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语） We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词， careful为表语） （六）定语 （ ） 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如：The black bike is mine.（形容词） What’s your name?（代词） They make paper flowers.（名词） 说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。 如：I tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语） He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语） 说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 如：The boys in the room are in Class Four.（in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。） （七）状语 [ ] 修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如：He did it carefully.（副词） We often help him.（副词） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） He sits there.（副词地点状语） 【简单句的五种基本句型】 A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓) S +V 如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) S + V +O 如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) S + V + P 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到……） It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来） D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语/人、间接宾语/物）(主谓+直宾+间宾) S + V +DO + IO 如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) S + V + DO + OC 如：They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。 2、 练习题 一）、写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister. 6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early. 二）、 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个与划线部分语法功能相同的选项。 （ ）1. The old man was feeling very tired. What a great idea it is! A B C D （ ）2. Why is he worried about Jim? My brother doesn't do his homework. 　A B C D （ ）3. The leaves turn yellow. Which language do people at the meeting speak ? A B C D （ ）4. He is flying a kite in the park. How many new words do you learn ? A B C D （ ）5.Her parents call her Cindy. Our teachers often tell us to listen carefully in class. A B C D （ ）6. My parents bought me a nice birthday present. What did you offer them? A B C D （ ）7. He often reads books to know more about the wildlife. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 　　　 A B C D ( )8.She thought the bird beautiful. She asks the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D ( ) 9. The students made Danile their monitor. She finds  it  difficult to do the work. A B C D ( )10 My hobby is playing football. The boy is getting better and better after having it. A B C D ( ) 11. They are playing football in the playground now. He made a few mistakes because of his careless. A B C D ( ) 12.  I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. They call me Lily sometimes. 　　 A B C D 3） 、判断下列简单句的基本句型结构 1. She laughed out of the room. 2. He bought a T-shirt last week. 3. Jay named his dog Bobby. 4. She looks lovely. 5. He gave Mary a present. 6.The wind is blowing strongly. 7.What does he read every morning? 8. What is his name? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$