寒假作业10 动词-ing形式的用法总结 选修二 Unit 5-【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题10动词-ing形式的用法总结 选修二 Unit 5 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、动词-ing形式的名词性用法 考点二、动词-ing形式的形容词性用法 考点三、动词-ing形式的副词性用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 动词-ing形式的名词性用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 作主语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式（动名词）作主语，相当于名词在句首的位置，表述一件事或一种行为。 例句 ： Swimming is my favorite sport. （游泳是我最喜欢的运动。）此句中 “Swimming” 作为主语，表明游泳这一行为是句子所描述的对象。 注意事项 ：动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： Collecting stamps requires a lot of patience. （集邮需要很大的耐心。）谓语动词 “requires” 用单数形式。 2. 作宾语 (1) 作及物动词的宾语 概念 ：一些及物动词后常接动名词作宾语，表示该动词的对象是某种行为或活动。 例句 ： I enjoy reading books in my free time. （我喜欢在空闲时间读书。） “reading books” 作 “enjoy” 的宾语，说明喜欢的行为是读书。常见的这类动词有 enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, suggest, consider 等。例如： She finished doing her homework before dinner. （她在晚饭前完成了作业。） (2) 作介词的宾语 概念 ：在介词后，动词需用 -ing 形式作宾语，构成介宾结构。 例句 ： He is good at playing basketball. （他擅长打篮球。） “playing basketball” 作介词 “at” 的宾语。又如： Thank you for helping me. （感谢你帮助我。） “helping me” 作介词 “for” 的宾语。 ) 一：单项选择题 1. ______ is a good way to relax after a long day's work. A. Swim B. Swimming C. To swim D. Swam 答案：B 解析：此处需要动名词作主语，表示 “游泳” 这一行为，A 选项是动词原形不能作主语；C 选项 to swim 虽也可作主语，但这里强调一般性的行为，动名词更合适；D 选项是过去式，不能作主语，所以选 B。 2. She has always been interested in ______ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 答案：C 解析：in 是介词，后接动词 -ing 形式作宾语，所以选 C。 3. I really don't mind ______ the housework as long as you cook dinner. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 答案：C 解析：mind 后接动名词作宾语，“mind doing sth.” 表示 “介意做某事”，所以选 C。 4. ______ in the morning is good for our health. A. Run B. Running C. Ran D. To running 答案：B 解析：动名词作主语，表一般行为，A 是动词原形，C 是过去式，均不能作主语；D 选项 to running 结构错误，所以选 B。 5. He dreams of ______ a famous singer one day. A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 答案：A 解析：of 是介词，后接动词 -ing 形式作宾语，“dream of doing sth.” 表示 “梦想做某事”，所以选 A。 二：填空题 1. I enjoy ______ (read) books from different cultures. 答案：reading 解析：enjoy 后接动名词作宾语，所以填 reading。 2. ______ (play) the piano requires a lot of practice. 答案：Playing 解析：此处动名词作主语，所以填 Playing。 3. She is thinking about ______ (take) a trip to Europe. 答案：taking 解析：about 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以填 taking。 4. ______ (write) poems is her hobby. 答案：Writing 解析：动名词作主语，所以填 Writing。 5. He has given up ______ (smoke) for his health. 答案：smoking 解析：give up 后接动名词作宾语，“give up doing sth.” 表示 “放弃做某事”，所以填 smoking。 动词-ing形式的形容词性用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 作定语 (1) 前置定语 概念 ：单个的动词 -ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰名词之前，起形容词作用，描述名词的特征或用途，通常表示所修饰名词的动作是主动进行的。 例句 ： This is a running stream. （这是一条流淌的小溪。） “running” 修饰 “stream” ，表明小溪是处于流淌的状态。又如： a sleeping child （一个正在睡觉的孩子）， “sleeping” 描绘孩子正在进行的动作。 (2) 后置定语 概念 ：动词 -ing 短语作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，相当于一个定语从句，同样表示主动关系。 例句 ： The boy standing there is my brother. （站在那里的男孩是我的弟弟。） “standing there” 修饰 “the boy” ，可转换为定语从句 “The boy who is standing there is my brother.” 。 2. 作表语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的性质、特征或状态，此时主语通常是物，而不是人。 例句 ： The story is really interesting. （这个故事真的很有趣。） “interesting” 作表语，描述 “the story” 的特征，让人觉得有趣。又如： The news is exciting. （这个消息令人兴奋。） “exciting” 说明 “the news” 具有令人兴奋的性质。 3. 作补语 宾语补足语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语，用于补充说明宾语正在进行的动作或所处的状态，与宾语构成主动关系。句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词（如 see, hear, watch, notice, feel 等）或使役动词（如 keep, have, leave 等）。 ) ( 例句 ： I saw him playing football on the playground. （我看到他在操场上踢足球。） “playing football” 作宾语 “him” 的补足语，补充说明 “him” 当时正在进行的动作。又如： The teacher kept the students reading aloud for half an hour. （老师让学生们大声朗读了半个小时。） “reading aloud” 补充说明宾语 “the students” 的动作状态。 ) 一：单项选择题 1. The ______ child is my little brother. A. sleep B. sleeping C. slept D. sleepy 答案：B 解析：此处需要一个形容词性的词修饰 child，“sleeping” 表示 “正在睡觉的”，作前置定语；A 是动词原形；C 是过去式或过去分词，不能直接作前置定语修饰 child；D 表示 “困倦的”，不符合语境，所以选 B。 2. The film we saw last night was really ______. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. to excite 答案：C 解析：此句中 “was” 后需形容词作表语，描述 “film” 的特征，“exciting” 表示 “令人兴奋的”，用于描述物；A 是动词原形；B 通常用于形容人 “感到兴奋的”；D 结构错误，所以选 C。 3. I saw a man ______ a dog in the park. A. walk B. walked C. to walk D. walking 答案：D 解析：“saw a man...” 这里需要现在分词作宾语补足语，表示看到某人正在做某事，“a man” 与 “walk” 是主动关系，所以选 D。 4. The problem is ______ and needs to be solved immediately. A. puzzle B. puzzled C. puzzling D. to puzzle 答案：C 解析：“is” 后需形容词作表语，描述 “problem” 的特征，“puzzling” 表示 “令人困惑的”；A 是动词原形；B 通常用于形容人 “感到困惑的”；D 结构错误，所以选 C。 5. The boy ______ in the corner is my cousin. A. stand B. stood C. standing D. to stand 答案：C 解析：这里用现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 “the boy”，表示主动关系，“站在角落的男孩”，所以选 C。 二：改错题 1. The interesting news made us very interested. _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案：无错误 解析：“interesting” 修饰 “news”，表示 “令人感兴趣的消息”；“interested” 形容 “us”，表示 “我们感到感兴趣”，用法正确。 2. I heard her sang a beautiful song just now. _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 sang 改为 singing 解析：hear sb. doing sth. 表示 “听到某人正在做某事”，这里强调听到她正在唱歌，所以用 singing 作宾语补足语。 3. The book is bored. I don't want to read it. _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 bored 改为 boring 解析：“bored” 通常形容人 “感到厌烦的”，这里形容 “book” 应用 “boring”，表示 “令人厌烦的”。 4. The man is standing there and talking with my teaher is my father. _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第一个is 解析：去掉 “is”，使用现在分词短语 “standing there and talking with my teacher” 作后置定语，修饰 “the man”，分词短语作定语表示主动和进行的动作，即 “正站在那儿和我老师交谈的男人”，这种表达同样正确。 5. The exciting children were looking forward to the coming party. _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 exciting 改为 excited 解析：“exciting” 表示 “令人兴奋的”，用于描述事物；这里形容 “children”，表示 “孩子们感到兴奋”，应用 “excited”。 动词-ing形式的副词性用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 作状语 1. 时间状语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式作时间状语，可表示与主句谓语动词同时发生的动作，相当于一个时间状语从句。 例句 ： Walking in the park, I saw a beautiful flower. （我在公园散步时，看到了一朵美丽的花。） “Walking in the park” 相当于 “When I was walking in the park” ，表明 “ 看到花 ” 这个动作发生在 “ 在公园散步 ” 的过程中。 2. 原因状语 概念 ：用于说明主句动作发生的原因，与主句主语构成主动关系。 ) ( 例句 ： Being ill, he didn't go to school. （因为生病，他没去上学。） “Being ill” 解释了 “he didn't go to school” 的原因，可转换为原因状语从句 “Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.” 。 3. 条件状语 概念 ：表示主句动作发生的条件，动作与主句主语是主动关系。 例句 ： Working hard, you will succeed . （如果你努力工作，你会成功。） “Working hard” 相当于条件状语从句 “If you work hard” ，表明努力工作是成功的条件。 4. 伴随状语 概念 ：与主句谓语动词同时发生，对主句动作进行补充说明，与主句主语构成主动关系。 例句 ： He sat on the sofa, watching TV. （他坐在沙发上，看着电视。） “watching TV” 与 “sat on the sofa” 同时发生，描述他坐在沙发上时同时进行的动作。 ) 一：单项选择题 1. ______ in the rain, he was wet through. A. Caught B. Catching C. To catch D. Catch 答案：A 解析：“he” 与 “catch” 是被动关系，“be caught in the rain” 表示 “被困在雨中”，这里用过去分词作原因状语，所以选 A。 2. ______ hard, and you will achieve your goals. A. Worked B. Working C. To work D. Work 答案：D 解析：此句为 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句” 结构，祈使句用动词原形开头，所以选 D。若选 B，句子结构错误，working hard 不能单独构成句子。 3. ______ by the beauty of nature, she decided to stay for another day. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To attract D. Attract 答案：B 解析：“she” 与 “attract” 是被动关系，“被大自然的美吸引”，用过去分词作原因状语，所以选 B。 4. The students sat in the classroom, ______ to the teacher carefully. A. listen B. listened C. listening D. to listen 答案：C 解析：“listening to the teacher carefully” 作伴随状语，与 “sat in the classroom” 同时发生，且 “students” 与 “listen” 是主动关系，所以选 C。 5. ______ enough time, we can finish the work on time. A. Given B. Giving C. To give D. Give 答案：A 解析：“we” 与 “give” 是被动关系，“如果被给予足够时间”，用过去分词作条件状语，所以选 A。 二：填空题 1. ______ (look) out of the window, I saw a beautiful garden. 答案：Looking 解析：“I” 与 “look” 是主动关系，“looking out of the window” 作时间状语，与 “saw a beautiful garden” 同时发生，所以填 Looking。 2. ______ (not know) what to do, she turned to her teacher for help. 答案：Not knowing 解析：“she” 与 “know” 是主动关系，且否定词 not 放在非谓语动词前，“not knowing what to do” 作原因状语，所以填 Not knowing。 3. The old man walked slowly, ______ (support) by his son. 答案：supported 解析：“the old man” 与 “support” 是被动关系，“supported by his son” 作伴随状语，所以填 supported。 4. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：“the city” 与 “see” 是被动关系，“seen from the top of the mountain” 作条件状语，所以填 Seen。 5. ______ (hear) the good news, they all jumped with joy. 答案：Hearing 解析：“they” 与 “hear” 是主动关系，“hearing the good news” 作时间状语，所以填 Hearing。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So far, China Eastern Airlines 1 (receive) approval(批准)fiom the Ministry oflndustry and Information Technology to offer in- flight Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes. The carrier becomes China's first airline company 2 （provide) Wi-Fi service for both domestic and international flights. Passengers 3 (leave) for New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Beijing and Guangzhou will have access 4 me Wi-Fi service through a telecommunication satellite. The flights will begin to provide the service in one month after operational 5 （prepare). The Wi-Fi service will be free in the 21 airplanes at the beginning, 6 a charge list is now under discussion. The company plans to put in Wi-Fi service 7 (equip) in all airplanes by 2019-2020. Other carriers in China, such as Air China and Hainan Airlines also have been following this attempt in some oftheir flights during the past few years. Industry experts note that 8 approval for the Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.is a trial for commercial in-flight Internet service operations in China. Aviation(航空)business staff say that China has the potential to become the world's 9 (large) aviation market, 10 is likely to create tens of billions of yuan in profit in the aviation Internet business. 【答案】 1．has received 2．to provide 3．leaving 4．to 5．preparations 6．but 7．equipment 8．the 9．largest 10．which 【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国东方航空公司（China Eastern Airlines）获工信部批准在21架航班上提供舱内Wi-Fi服务，成为全国首家同时向国内、国际航班旅客提供“空中上网”服务的航空公司。 1．考查谓语时态。句意：中国东方航空公司已经获工信部批准，同意其在21架飞机上提供‘空中上网’服务。根据空前so far可知空处填现在完成时，故填has received。 2．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子中包含“the first +名词+ to do sth.”是固定句式句式。故填to provide。 3．考查非谓语动词。 本句句子的主要成分完整，passengers是主语，will have 是谓语，access是宾语。根据句子结构可知，这里应填现在分词leaving作定语修饰主语passengers。故填leaving。 4．考查介词。句意：前往纽约、洛杉矶、旧金山、多伦多、北京和广州的乘客可以通过一颗通讯卫星使用me Wi-Fi服务。根据句意可知， have access to sth.是固定搭配，表示“有机会或权利利用某物”，故填to。 5．考查名词。根据空白处前面的形容词operational可以知道，该空白处应填名词，prepare的名词形式是preparation，且常使用其复数形式。故填preparations。 6．考查并列连词。句意：这21架飞机的Wi-Fi服务一开始是免费的，但目前正在讨论收费清单。根据句意可知，此处表示转折关系，故填but。 7．考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应填名词，equip的名词形式是equipment，且equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。 8．考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再根据上下文，这里的approval是特指，故前面应使用定冠词。故填the。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国有能力成为世界上最大的航空市场。根据句意可知，空白处应填形容词large的最高级形式。故填largest。 10．考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子的market。故应用关系代词which。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 1 (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 2 time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun. 3 our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 4 (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 5 (play) a sport — these are just a few 6 (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having! The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy 7 (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 8 (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 9 airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 10 (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping. 【答案】 1．more 2．of 3．After 4．comfortable 5．to play 6．examples 7．themselves 8．cheering 9．the 10．paid 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙事了上周作者去意大利进行橄榄球和曲棍球巡回赛，并叙述了这段旅行期间所做，所看。 1．考查副词比较级。否定词+比较级表达最高级，意思是“再......也不为过”。所以空处填much的比较级more。故填more。 2．考查介词。plenty of“许多”为固定短语，即可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。故填of。 3．考查连词。分析句子可知，作者到了米兰之后，又上了一辆长途大巴车。所以本句为after引导的时间状语从句。故填After。 4．考查形容词。comfortable为形容词修饰名词accommodation。故填 comfortable。 5．考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to play。 6．考查名词复数。a few 修饰可数名词复数。故填examples。 7．考查代词。 enjoy oneself“玩的很开心”为固定短语。故填themselves。 8．考查现在分词。find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。 9．考查冠词。airport为可数名词，在本句中表示特指，所以用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。 10．考查一般过去时。and并列连接谓语动词enjoyed和paid。故填paid。 【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。 分析小题8的句子可知，find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly 1 (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research 2 (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. "People who forgive show 3 (little) anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Fre deric Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people 4 (feel) more energetic." So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something 5 gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an 6 (apologize). “Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing," says Dr. Luskin. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in 7 same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time." Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean 8 (accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person's perspective. You may realize that he 9 she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 10 (you) from that person's point of view. 【答案】 1．beneficial 2．has shown 3．less 4．to feel 5．that 6．apology 7．the 8．accepting 9．or 10．yourself 【分析】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在生活中我们要学会原谅别人，宽恕别人。并且详细的分析了为什么要原谅别人的原因和如何原谅别人的方式。 1．考查形容词。句意：但是宽恕是可能的——而且它对你的身心健康有着惊人的好处。系动词后且由副词surprisingly修饰用形容词。此处应使用benefit的形容词形式。故填beneficial。 2．考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，原谅别人的人有更多的精力、更好的食欲和更好的睡眠。此处陈述客观事实，且研究已经完成且强调对现在的影响，用show的现在完成时。So far是现在完成时的时间状语，故填has shown。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：宽恕的人表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望。根据句意此处含有比较的意味，此处的愤怒是与没有宽恕之前做对比。little的比较级是less。故填less。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以它可以帮助减轻免疫系统的疲劳，让人们感到更有活力。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为:允许某人做某事。故填to feel。 5．考查定语从句。句意：做几次呼吸，想想能给你带来快乐的事情。此处that引导的定语从句做不定代词something的定语。且从句缺少主语。故填that。 6．考查名词。句意：别等着道歉。冠词修饰名词。空格前的“an”非常清楚的告诉我们此处应该为apologize的名词形式。故填apology。 7．考查定冠词。句意：他们可能是想伤害你，或者只是看事情的方式不一样。in the same way为固定搭配。意为：以同样的方式。故填the。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来要记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受让你不安的人的行为。该句的谓语为mean，表示“意味着”用动名词形式作宾语。故填accepting。 9．考查连词。句意：你可能意识到他或她是出于无知。此处连续出现两个代词，应为并列的关系，又因为“他”或“他”，根据句意知此处为选择的意思。故填or。 10．考查反身代词。句意：为了获得观点，你可能想从那个人的角度给自己写一封信。自己以别人的角度当然是给“自己”写信。句中主语和宾语是同一个人，宾语用反身代词。故填yourself。 一、阅读理解 （2024·浙江·高考真题）When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 2．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice. C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition. 3．What do we know about the “mini community library”? A．It provides phone service for free. B．Anyone can contribute to its collection. C．It is popular among young readers. D．Books must be returned within a month. 4．Why did the author start to use the “library”? A．He wanted to borrow some love stories. B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C．He found there were excellent free books. D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。 二、语法填空 （2024·广东江苏·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 1．engineering 2．functional 3．to give 4．closed 5．walks 6．the 7．favorites 8．as 9．which/that 10．richness 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 1．考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 4．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 7．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 8．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 【点睛】 （2024·新疆辽宁·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 1．who 2．themes 3．were 4．to 5．inspired 6．was built 7．visibility 8．to find 9．Recalling 10．and 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 1．考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2．考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4．考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 7．考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 10．考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 【点睛】 三、改错 （2024·全国·高考真题）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love. 【答案】1. but→and 2. me→mine 3. packing→packed 4. A→An 5. straight后加 to 6. greatly → great 7. here → there 8. enjoyed →enjoyable 9.去掉this 10. shared→share 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者看了一个关于重庆火锅的节目后和一个朋友去那里一日游的经历。 【详解】1. 考查连词。句意：我很好奇，和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。前后句之间为顺承关系，所以用并列连词and。故将but改成and。 2. 考查代词。句意：我很好奇，和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。a friend of mine我的一个朋友。介词of后接是名词性物主代词作宾语。故将me改成mine。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的快车上挤满了乘客。be packed with“挤满”，pack与train是被动关系。故将packing改成packed。 4. 考查冠词。句意：一位服务员给了我们一些关于重庆的旅游手册。名词attendant 发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故将A改成An 。 5. 考查介词。句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。固定短语go straight to“径直前往”。故在straight后加 to。 6. 考查形容词。句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。tasted是系动词，后接形容词作表语。故将greatly 改成great 。 7. 考查代词。句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。描述刚刚到达的餐馆，用there指代上文提到的餐馆。故将here改成 there。 8. 考查形容词。句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。more后接形容词形式，在句中作宾语补足语。故将enjoyed改成enjoyable。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。分析句子结构可知，这里为定语从句。先行词为everything，在定语从句中作宾语，省略关系代词that，从句中this多余。故去掉this。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。不定式to后接动词原形sit ，dip和share，表示目的。故将shared改成share。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题10动词-ing形式的用法总结 选修二 Unit 5 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、动词-ing形式的名词性用法 考点二、动词-ing形式的形容词性用法 考点三、动词-ing形式的副词性用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 动词-ing形式的名词性用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 作主语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式（动名词）作主语，相当于名词在句首的位置，表述一件事或一种行为。 例句 ： Swimming is my favorite sport. （游泳是我最喜欢的运动。）此句中 “Swimming” 作为主语，表明游泳这一行为是句子所描述的对象。 注意事项 ：动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： Collecting stamps requires a lot of patience. （集邮需要很大的耐心。）谓语动词 “requires” 用单数形式。 2. 作宾语 (1) 作及物动词的宾语 概念 ：一些及物动词后常接动名词作宾语，表示该动词的对象是某种行为或活动。 例句 ： I enjoy reading books in my free time. （我喜欢在空闲时间读书。） “reading books” 作 “enjoy” 的宾语，说明喜欢的行为是读书。常见的这类动词有 enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, suggest, consider 等。例如： She finished doing her homework before dinner. （她在晚饭前完成了作业。） (2) 作介词的宾语 概念 ：在介词后，动词需用 -ing 形式作宾语，构成介宾结构。 例句 ： He is good at playing basketball. （他擅长打篮球。） “playing basketball” 作介词 “at” 的宾语。又如： Thank you for helping me. （感谢你帮助我。） “helping me” 作介词 “for” 的宾语。 ) 一：单项选择题 1. ______ is a good way to relax after a long day's work. A. Swim B. Swimming C. To swim D. Swam 2. She has always been interested in ______ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 3. I really don't mind ______ the housework as long as you cook dinner. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 4. ______ in the morning is good for our health. A. Run B. Running C. Ran D. To running 5. He dreams of ______ a famous singer one day. A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 二：填空题 1. I enjoy ______ (read) books from different cultures. 2. ______ (play) the piano requires a lot of practice. 3. She is thinking about ______ (take) a trip to Europe. 4. ______ (write) poems is her hobby. 5. He has given up ______ (smoke) for his health. 动词-ing形式的形容词性用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 作定语 (1) 前置定语 概念 ：单个的动词 -ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰名词之前，起形容词作用，描述名词的特征或用途，通常表示所修饰名词的动作是主动进行的。 例句 ： This is a running stream. （这是一条流淌的小溪。） “running” 修饰 “stream” ，表明小溪是处于流淌的状态。又如： a sleeping child （一个正在睡觉的孩子）， “sleeping” 描绘孩子正在进行的动作。 (2) 后置定语 概念 ：动词 -ing 短语作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，相当于一个定语从句，同样表示主动关系。 例句 ： The boy standing there is my brother. （站在那里的男孩是我的弟弟。） “standing there” 修饰 “the boy” ，可转换为定语从句 “The boy who is standing there is my brother.” 。 ) ( 2. 作表语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的性质、特征或状态，此时主语通常是物，而不是人。 例句 ： The story is really interesting. （这个故事真的很有趣。） “interesting” 作表语，描述 “the story” 的特征，让人觉得有趣。又如： The news is exciting. （这个消息令人兴奋。） “exciting” 说明 “the news” 具有令人兴奋的性质。 3. 作补语 宾语补足语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语，用于补充说明宾语正在进行的动作或所处的状态，与宾语构成主动关系。句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词（如 see, hear, watch, notice, feel 等）或使役动词（如 keep, have, leave 等）。 例句 ： I saw him playing football on the playground. （我看到他在操场上踢足球。） “playing football” 作宾语 “him” 的补足语，补充说明 “him” 当时正在进行的动作。又如： The teacher kept the students reading aloud for half an hour. （老师让学生们大声朗读了半个小时。） “reading aloud” 补充说明宾语 “the students” 的动作状态。 ) 一：单项选择题 1. The ______ child is my little brother. A. sleep B. sleeping C. slept D. sleepy 2. The film we saw last night was really ______. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. to excite 3. I saw a man ______ a dog in the park. A. walk B. walked C. to walk D. walking 4. The problem is ______ and needs to be solved immediately. A. puzzle B. puzzled C. puzzling D. to puzzle 5. The boy ______ in the corner is my cousin. A. stand B. stood C. standing D. to stand 二：改错题 1. The interesting news made us very interested. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. I heard her sang a beautiful song just now. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The book is bored. I don't want to read it. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The man is standing there and talking with my teaher is my father. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. The exciting children were looking forward to the coming party. _____________________________________________________________________________ 动词-ing形式的副词性用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 作状语 1. 时间状语 概念 ：动词 -ing 形式作时间状语，可表示与主句谓语动词同时发生的动作，相当于一个时间状语从句。 例句 ： Walking in the park, I saw a beautiful flower. （我在公园散步时，看到了一朵美丽的花。） “Walking in the park” 相当于 “When I was walking in the park” ，表明 “ 看到花 ” 这个动作发生在 “ 在公园散步 ” 的过程中。 2. 原因状语 概念 ：用于说明主句动作发生的原因，与主句主语构成主动关系。 例句 ： Being ill, he didn't go to school. （因为生病，他没去上学。） “Being ill” 解释了 “he didn't go to school” 的原因，可转换为原因状语从句 “Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.” 。 3. 条件状语 概念 ：表示主句动作发生的条件，动作与主句主语是主动关系。 例句 ： Working hard, you will succeed . （如果你努力工作，你会成功。） “Working hard” 相当于条件状语从句 “If you work hard” ，表明努力工作是成功的条件。 4. 伴随状语 概念 ：与主句谓语动词同时发生，对主句动作进行补充说明，与主句主语构成主动关系。 例句 ： He sat on the sofa, watching TV. （他坐在沙发上，看着电视。） “watching TV” 与 “sat on the sofa” 同时发生，描述他坐在沙发上时同时进行的动作。 ) 一：单项选择题 1. ______ in the rain, he was wet through. A. Caught B. Catching C. To catch D. Catch 2. ______ hard, and you will achieve your goals. A. Worked B. Working C. To work D. Work 3. ______ by the beauty of nature, she decided to stay for another day. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To attract D. Attract 4. The students sat in the classroom, ______ to the teacher carefully. A. listen B. listened C. listening D. to listen 5. ______ enough time, we can finish the work on time. A. Given B. Giving C. To give D. Give 二：填空题 1. ______ (look) out of the window, I saw a beautiful garden. 2. ______ (not know) what to do, she turned to her teacher for help. 3. The old man walked slowly, ______ (support) by his son. 4. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful. 5. ______ (hear) the good news, they all jumped with joy. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So far, China Eastern Airlines 1 (receive) approval(批准)fiom the Ministry oflndustry and Information Technology to offer in- flight Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes. The carrier becomes China's first airline company 2 （provide) Wi-Fi service for both domestic and international flights. Passengers 3 (leave) for New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Beijing and Guangzhou will have access 4 me Wi-Fi service through a telecommunication satellite. The flights will begin to provide the service in one month after operational 5 （prepare). The Wi-Fi service will be free in the 21 airplanes at the beginning, 6 a charge list is now under discussion. The company plans to put in Wi-Fi service 7 (equip) in all airplanes by 2019-2020. Other carriers in China, such as Air China and Hainan Airlines also have been following this attempt in some oftheir flights during the past few years. Industry experts note that 8 approval for the Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.is a trial for commercial in-flight Internet service operations in China. Aviation(航空)business staff say that China has the potential to become the world's 9 (large) aviation market, 10 is likely to create tens of billions of yuan in profit in the aviation Internet business. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 1 (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 2 time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun. 3 our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 4 (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 5 (play) a sport — these are just a few 6 (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having! The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy 7 (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 8 (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 9 airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 10 (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly 1 (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research 2 (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. "People who forgive show 3 (little) anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Fre deric Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people 4 (feel) more energetic." So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something 5 gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an 6 (apologize). “Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing," says Dr. Luskin. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in 7 same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time." Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean 8 (accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person's perspective. You may realize that he 9 she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 10 (you) from that person's point of view. 一、阅读理解 （2024·浙江·高考真题）When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 2．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice. C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition. 3．What do we know about the “mini community library”? A．It provides phone service for free. B．Anyone can contribute to its collection. C．It is popular among young readers. D．Books must be returned within a month. 4．Why did the author start to use the “library”? A．He wanted to borrow some love stories. B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C．He found there were excellent free books. D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 二、语法填空 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. （2024·新疆辽宁·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 三、改错 （2024·全国·高考真题）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love. ( 7 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$