Unit 1 Past and present【速记清单】-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（牛津译林版）

Unit1 Past and present Unit1 话题 变化发展 词汇 1. past (adj. ) ________ (adj.)现在的_______(n.)未来 2. northern (adj.) ________(adj.)南方的 _________(adj.) 东方的______(adj.)西方的 3. married (adj.)________(vt.) 结婚______ (n.)婚姻 4. block (n.) _________(n.)街道__________(n.) 广场____________(n.) 市区 5. since (adv.) _______ (adv.) 以前_______(adv) 曾经 ______(adv.) 近来 6.pollution (n.) ________(vt.)污染________(n.) 空气污染_______(n.) 水污染 7. waste (n.) _____________(vt.) 浪费______________(vt.)节约 8. impossible (adj.)________ (adv.)不可能地 ________ (adv.) (反义词）可能地 9. transport (n.) ____________ (n.)运输工具 10. abroad (adv.) ____________ (adj.) 国际的 11. primary (n.) _________ (n.)幼儿园 ________(n.)中学_________(n.)大学 12. communication (n.) ____________(vt..)交流______________(vi.)交谈 短语 1.自从我出生 ___________________ 2. 搬家 __________________________ 3.在城镇北部 ____________________ 4. 结婚 __________________________ 5.改变了许多 __________________6.许多小餐馆和商店 _______________ 7.城镇中心 _____________________8.把废物倒进河里__________________ 9.在某些方面 _____________________10.打牌 __________________________ 11.令人惊奇的变化_________________12.—生 __________________________ 13. move two blocks away ___________14. over the years ___________________ 15. take action _____________________16. improve the situation ______________ 17. from time to time ________________18. go abroad _______________________ 19. at primary school ________________20. keep in touch ____________________ 21. old houses ______________________22. on foot or by bicycle_______________ 句型 1. 你也变了。你过去对我那么好。 You’ve ____________________.You ______________________________ me. 2. 自我出生以来, 我就住在这儿。 I ___________________________________________________. 3. 这些年来, 这个小镇变化很大吗? Has _______________________________________________ the years? 4. 后来, 政府意识到了这个问题, 并采取措施来改善这种状况。 Later the government _________ the problem and ___________ improve the situation 5. 不管怎样, 能看到小镇这些令人惊叹的变化, 还是不错的。 _______________________, it’s ______________________________in the town. 6. 我们不可能像以前那样经常见面了。 It has become ____________________ each other as ______________________. 7. 现在我时不时会觉得有点孤独。 Now I feel _________________________________________________. 8. ——那么你们是如何互相保持联系的呢? ——我们主要通过电子邮件交流。 —So how do you ____________________________________ each other? —We mainly _______________________________________. 9. 互联网使交流更加容易。 The Internet _____________________________________________. 10. 但现在街道宽阔且干净, 两边有许多绿树。 But now the streets _________, ________many green trees _________________. 语法 现在完成时（1） 写作 介绍家乡发生的变化 考点 1. time n.时代：时期 【用法】time表示”时代：时期”时常用复数形式。 例句：Times are different 时代不同了。 In ancient times,thee was a king who loved flowers.在古代，有一个国王很喜欢花。 【拓展延伸】 （1)time作名词时，还可意为“时间；钟点：事件，时刻”。 例句：They have agreed on the time and place.他们已经约定好了时间和地点。 We can just hang out and have a good time.我们可以只是闲逛一下，开开心。 （2)time 还可意为“次，回”，是可数名词。 例句：Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗？ Her job ts to make tea three times a day.她的工作就是每天沏三次茶。 （3)times意为“（用于比较）倍”。 例句：This planet is about ten tmes the weight of the earth.这颗行星大约是地球的10倍重。 【经典练】 1．—Fanfan, ________ do you do some reading in the school library? —Every Tuesday and Friday. And I often write down my ideas while reading. A．how far B．how long C．how often D．how many times 2．—How great! Your sister won first place in the tennis women’s tennis singles. —She is hardworking and keeps practicing it _________. A．in the future B．all the time C．in the beginning 考点 2. past 【用法】past 此处是名词。 in the past在过去，用一般过去时。 例句：The past passed. Let’s look ahead.过去的事过去了，我们向前看吧。 【拓展】其他词性用法： ①作形容词，意为“从前的，过去的” 例句: I haven’t seen much of her in the past few weeks.近几周来我很少见到她。 ②作介词，意为 “（表示时间）在……之后，晚于”，还可意为“经过”。 例句：It’s twenty past five. Let’s go home. The boys rushed past us .男孩们从我们身边匆匆走过。 ③作副词，意为“经过” 例句：They walked past without stopping.他们走了过去，连停都没停。 【经典练】 1．—Excuse me, how can I get to the post office? —Go ________ the bridge in front of you, turn left, walk ________ the museum and you’ll find it. A．along; to B．across; past C．past; to D．through; to 2．Go ________ the bookstore, and you will find the park on your left. A．pass B．past C．passed D．to past 考点 3.present 【用法】present此处为名词，常见短语at present,意为“目前，现在”,相当于now。 例句：You’d better forget the past and start living in the present.你最好忘掉过去，开始现在的生活。 【拓展】其他此行用法“ ①作名词，意为 “礼物，礼品”. 例句：This book would be a great birthday resent. ②作动词，意为“颁发，授予”. ③作形容词。意为“当前的，现存的” 【经典练】 1．There were many ________ on the table at the party. A．present B．presents C．a present D．the presents 2．Mrs White wants to buy ________. A．her son for a present B．a present for her son C．a present to her son D．her son to a present 考点4.yet (1) yet作副词，意为“到此时，至今，还，尚未”，用于否定句中。例如： We haven’t heard from him yet. 我们还没有收到他的来信。 I’m not yet sure if we could win. 我还没有把握确定我们是否能赢。 (2) 作副词，意为“已经”，用于疑问句中。例如： Is everything ready yet? 一切准备就绪了吗？ Has the ship left yet? 轮船已经离开了吗？ (3) 作副词，意为“仍然，还是”，用于肯定句中。例如： He’s yet a child. 他还是个孩子。 (4) 作连词，意为“然而，可是”。例如： You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year, why? 你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年，为什么？ He trained hard all year, yet she didn’t win a prize in the competition. 他全年都艰苦训练，然而在竞赛中却没能获奖。 【拓展】 yet和already的辨析： yet用于疑问句或否定句时，放在句末。例如： Have you finished yet? 你完成了吗？ He hasn’t done it yet. 他还没有干完呢。 already常用于肯定陈述句中，一般位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如： The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 【经典练】 1．—Have you seen Zootopia (《疯狂动物城》) ________? —Yes. I’ve ________ seen it twice. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; never 2．—Nancy, have you worked out the math problem? —________. I can work it out if I have ten more minutes. A．Not yet B．Not at all C．Not really D．Not always 3．—Have you eaten up the food in your plate ________? —Yes, I have ________ eaten it up. A．yet; yet B．yet; already C．already; yet 考点 5.turn 1). v.变… 例：turn green变成绿色 2). turn…into… 把……变成…… 【拓展】有关turn短语： turn on打开；turn off关上；turn up 调高音量、出现 turn down 调低音量、拒绝；turn to转向、求助于；turn to sb.for help 向某人求助 3). n.轮流 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 【经典练】 1．We should always remember ________ off the light before leaving the room. A．to turn B．turning C．turns D．to turning 2．Ma Liang has a magic brush. After he draws something with the brush, the thing he draws would turn ________ a real object. A．into B．like C．with D．on 考点 6.since since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。 【拓展】 since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 【经典练】 1．—We have lived in this city ________ 1980. —So you have lived here ________ about 40 years. A．since; for B．in; for C．in; since 2．Tony ________ a lot of changes in Tianjin since he came here. A．has seen B．saw C．will see D．sees 考点 7.too many意为“太多，大量的” too many意为“太多，大量的”，后跟可数名词复数。 例如：There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read. 房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。 The boy has too many questions to ask. 那个男孩有太多的问题要问。 【拓展】too much / too many / much too的辨析： 词语 词形 特点 too much 形容词短语 后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语 too many 形容词短语 后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语 much too 副词短语 后跟形容词或副词 例如： Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。 They bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨天他们买了太多的鸡蛋。 It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套 【经典练】 1．Little Tom eats ________ meat and he is ________ fat now. A．too much; too much B．too much; much too C．much too; too much D．much too; much too 2．—Wang Xinyue is ________ thin. — I think she should eat ________ healthy food. A．too much; much too B．much too; too many C．too much; too many D．much too; too much 考点 8. a lot (1) a lot作副词短语，意为“很，非常”，常修饰动词、感叹词、形容词或副词的比较级等。例如： It usually rains a lot at this time of year. 每年的这个时候都经常下雨。 Thanks a lot for the coffee. 多谢你请我喝咖啡。 Your room is a lot better than mine. 你的房间比我的大的多。 (2) a lot作名词短语，表示“许多，大量”，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，其后常有动词不定式短语作后置定语。例如： Sometimes we have very little snow, but sometimes there’s a lot. 有时我们这里雪很少，有时却很多。（作主语） There is a lot to see at the party. 聚会上有许多可观赏的东西。（作主语） He has given her a lot to eat.他给了她许多吃的东西。（作宾语） 【经典练】 1．________ can help us learn ________ about the world. A．Reading; a lot of B．Read; lots of C．Read; a lot D．Reading; a lot 2．—Why do you like science? —Science changes ________ about our life and gives us _________ convenience (便利). A．a lot; a lot B．a lot of; a lot C．a lot; a lot of D．a lot of; a lot of 考点9. lonely lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。 When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。 The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。 【拓展】 lonely与alone的辨析： lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如： Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。 【经典练】 1．Though Mr Black lives ________ in the country, he never feels ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 2．The old woman lives _________ , but she has many hobbies. She never feels _________. A．lonely; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; lonely 3．—Mr. Green, you live _________ in the big house. Do you feel _________? —No, I often have lots of things to do with my friends. A．alone; lonely B．alone; alone C．lonely; alone 考点10. because of because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如： He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。 He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 【拓展】 because是连词，意为“因为”，表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如： I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。 Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。 — Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? — Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 【经典练】 1．He had to stop _________ after the homeless girl ________ his bad health. A．to look; instead of B．looking; because of C．to look; because D．looking; instead 2．These factories should be closed because of their serious pollution. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．表语 考点11.take place take place意为“发生”。例如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家长发生了巨大变化。 【拓展】 （1）take place与happen的辨析： 1）take place一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 例如：When will the wedding take place? 婚礼什么时候举行？ 2）happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如： What happened to you? 你发生了什么事？(一般不说：What did you happen?) Do you know what will happen in one hundred years? 你知道100年后会发生什么吗？ 注意：happen 与 take place 通常都没有被动语态。 （2）take place还可意为“举行”，相当于hold，但hold有被动语态。 The football game will take place tomorrow. 足球比赛明天举行。 The school sports meeting took place last week. 学校上周举行了运动会。 【拓展】 take one’s place 或take the place of sb. “代替某人” E.g. He was ill in hospital and his friend took his place. take有关的词组： take part in 参加，参与 take on 承担;呈现，接纳，雇用 take up 拿起，开始从事 take effect 生效;起作用 take off 起飞，脱下，离开 take a look 看一下 take out v.取出;去掉;出发，抵充 take into 考虑到;说服 take in 接受;理解，拘留，欺骗;让…进入 take seriously 重视;认真对待… take away 带走，拿走，取走 take a look at看一看;检查 take over 接管;接收 take for granted 认为…理所当然 take the lead v.带头;为首 take charge of接管，负责 take good care好好照顾 【经典练】 1．—________ does the sports meeting ________ in your school? —Twice a year. A．How long, happen B．How soon, take place C．How often, take place D．How many times, happen 2．Everyone is hopeful because greater changes ________ in the future. A．take place B．took place C．will take place D．have taken place 3．Great changes ________ in our school in the past few years. A．take place B．took place C．will take place D．have taken place 考点12.used to You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分着吃食物的! 【知识讲解】 used to 意为“曾经，过去常常”，后接动词原形。 My elder sister used to be very shy.我姐姐过去很害羞。 【拓展】 (1) used to 结构在变为否定形式时有两种变法: 一是used not to do sth.; 二是didn’t use to do sth. (2) used to do变成一般疑问句也有两种形式: 一是将used提到主语前面，即used+主语+to dosth? 二是在主语前加助动词did, 并将used改为use, 即Did + 主语+ use to dosth.? E.g. Did you use to go to the movies? = Used you to go to the movies? (3) used to 结构在变为反意疑问句时 ，构成肯定的疑问句可用did或used, 构成否定的疑问可用didn’t或 usedn’t。常见的还是用did或didn’t构成。 E.g. --- The mother used to be angry with her son, didn’t she? --- Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t. 辨析：used to do sth., be used to do sth., be(get) used to doing sth. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 指过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，现在已不再那样，侧重与现在的比较，to后用动词原形； be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 这是一个被动语态； be ( get) used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 指现在习惯做某事，强调目前的状况，to后接名词或动名词。 He used to go shopping by bike.他过去常常骑着自行车去购物。 Computer can be used to search for information电脑可用来搜索信息。 【经典练】 1．Judy’s father ________ to his office by bus, but now he ________ there by bike. A．used to go; is used to go B．used to going; is used to go C．used to go; is used to going 2．The girl ________ be shy, but she is ________ getting active in teamwork and willing to make friends. A．used to, gradually B．was used to, seldom C．was used for, usually D．used to, mainly 考点13.married When I got married in 1965，my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. 当我1965年结婚时，我和妻了搬到了两个街区以外,此后我们一直住在这里。 【知识详解】 (1)married为形容词，意为“已婚的，结婚的”。 (2)be married 表示状态, get married 表示动作 (3)marry “嫁...; 同 ……结婚” (4)be/get married to sb. “与某人结婚” 【经典练】 1．Lucy ________ Jim since I was ten years old. A．married B．have married with C．were married to D．has been married to 2．—How long ________ Rick and Ross ________ ? —It is fifty years since they ________. It is their gold marriage this year. A．has; been married; marry B．has; get married; marry C．have; been married; got married 3．Last year, Mary ________ a poor and ugly man. A．married with B．married to C．married D．get married to 考点14. put.....into 考点6.They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废物排入河中。(教材第9页) 【知识讲解】 1) put 的常用短语（重点知识）: ①put on穿上，戴上，上演(戏剧)。 ②put out扑灭。 ③put up举起，搭建，张贴。 ④put away收拾好。 2) waste 此处用作不可数名词，意为“废料，废品”可以和a连用,a waste of..“浪费....”。 【经典练】 1．If you ________ salt into water, it ________. A．will put；disappear B．will put；disappears C．put；disappears D．put；will disappear 2．If you ________ ice in a warm place, it ________ into water. A．putting, turns B．puts, will turn C．will put, turn D．put, turns 考点15. realized/take action / improve Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。 【知识讲解】 (1) realized是realize的过去式, 意为 “意识到”/“实现” E.g. He wants to realize his dream. (2) take action “采取行动” take action to do sth. “采取行动做某事” E.g. They want to take action to protect wild animals. (3) improve “改进,改善”, 名词是improvement. E.g. I want to improve my English. 【经典练】 1．If you keep working hard, you ________ your dream sooner or later. A．realize B．realized C．will realize D．have realized 2．Many students ________ the importance of learning a foreign language well. A．have realized B．has realized C．have been realized D．has been realized 3．He is considering ________ action against this hospital. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 4．—More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take action ________ the situation from getting worse. —I quite agree ________ you. A．stop; with B．to stop; with C．stopping; on 5．Do you know ________ your memory? A．how improve B．how to improve C．what improve D．what to improve 6．Jenny’s Chinese ________ a lot since she ________ to China three years ago. A．improved; came B．has improved; came C．improved; has come 考点16.it作形式主语的句型： It is + adjective + (of/ for…) + to… 做某事情对某人来说是… It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费…做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做… It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是（某人）做某事的时候了 It is said/ reported/… that… 据说/报道… It is / has been +时段+ since +从句(过去时) 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 【经典练】 1．—Your telephone is very nice. Where do you buy________? I want to buy ________, too. —Sorry. I don’t know. My father buys it for me. A．one; one B．it; it C．it; one D．one; it 2．I find ________ easy to work out the problem. I can do it by myself. A．this B．that C．it D．those 3．— I can’t afford to buy this dress. So I have to choose cheap enough for me. — If you truly like , I can give you a discount. A．that; one B．one; it C．it; that D．that; it 考点17.impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的” It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。 【考点讲解】 1)impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的”。impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。 英语中的否定前缀有un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-等 necessary— unnecessary friendly —unfriendly 以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。 correct—incorrect expensive—inexpensive 以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。 proper—improper polite—impolite 以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。 regular—irregular 有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词。 honest—dishonest (2) as..as... 意为.......”中间用形容词或副词原级。as..as.... 的否定形式是not as/so...as...,意为“不如....” 【经典练】 1．________ to get there on time. Five minutes ________ too short. A．It is impossible of us; are B．It is impossible of us; is C．It’s impossible for us; are D．It’s impossible for us; is 2．Cutting down too many trees ________ it ________ for us to protect wildlife in the world. A．make; impossible B．makes; impossible C．make; possible D．makes; possible 3．I think it’s impossible ________ him ________ the work in three days. A．of, finishing B．for; finishing C．of; to finish D．for; to finish 一．语法精讲 现在完成时（1） 现在完成时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 has/have+动词的过去分词形式 since，for，so far，already，yet，recently，ever，twice，in the last /past few years 【易错警示】 for+时间段，表示“持续……” 常用于现在完成时态 since+ 过去时间点 / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来”，常用于现在完成时态。 just：刚刚；常用于现在完成时态，通常放在助动词之后，实义动词之前。 The train has just left. just now：刚才；相当于a moment ago，常用于一般过去时，通常放在句末。 I saw him just now. yet 已经；与现在完成时连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，通常置于句末，也可与not连用，表示“还没有”。 already 已经；与现在完成时连用，常用于肯定句中，一般不用于否定句，但可用于疑问句中 never 从不；常与完成时连用，用在句子中表否定 二、现在完成时的句型结构： 2、 单元写作 本单元写作要求同学们能用所学的词语和句型简单地介绍家乡发生的变化。介绍的内容主要为家乡过去的情况、现在的变化、感想和打算等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点： 1. 能用一般过去时描述家乡过去的情况； 2. 能用一般现在时和现在完成时描述现在的变化； 3. 能利用多种句式，丰富写作内容； 【句式积累】 ※ 开头句 1. Many changes have taken place in … these years.这些年来，在……发生了很多变化。 2. In recent years, great changes have taken place in …. 在最近的几年中，在……发生了很大变化。 ※ 中间句 1. Ten years ago it was a very poor place.十年前，它是一个贫穷的地方。 2. For example, the environment has changed for the better since the government took some useful measures. 例如，自从政府采取了一些有效措施，环境发展地更好了。 3. … has developed rapidly since then.自从那时起，……飞速发展。 4. But now after the open-gate policy, our hometown is becoming richer and richer. 但是现在，开放政策以后，我们的家乡变得越来越富有。 5. Many new things like computers, new schools and new buildings are becoming more and more common. 许多像电脑、新的学校和新的建筑变得越来越普遍。 6. Almost all the people have owned mobiles or even private cars. 几乎所有人都有了手机甚至私家车。 ※ 结尾句 1. I’m proud of our … and I hope I’ll be the pride of our … in the future. 我为我们的……而自豪，并且希望未来为我们的……而自豪。 2. As a …, I am very proud. Also I feel excited for the strength of …. 做为一名……，我很自豪。我也为……的强大而振奋。 3. I feel very proud and excited to see the changes in my hometown. Welcome to my hometown and experience its changes on your own!看到我的家乡的变化我感到很自豪而且振奋。欢迎来到我的故乡并亲自体验它的变化。 【谚语积累】 1. People miss their hometowns when growing mature, birds miss their nests when growing old. 人老思故乡，鸟老思巢穴。 2. To make your hometown beautiful, you need to plant trees and flowers. 要想家乡美，要种树和花。 The water in my hometown is fairy water, and the soil in my hometown is gold. 家乡的水是仙水，家乡的土是金子。 3. Whether you are close or not, you are from your hometown. Whether it is beautiful or not, there’s water in the countryside.亲不亲，故乡人。美不美，乡中水。 典例赏析： 请你根据下面提示，结合你的成长经历，以“Changes to my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇90词左右的短文，介绍家乡的过去和现在变化。最后谈谈自己的感受。 1.环境：    过去：房屋矮小破旧，道路狭窄…… 现在：搬进新公寓，街道宽阔整洁 2.生活：    过去：听广播，看电视        现在：网上冲浪（surf on the Internet）…… 3.交通方式：过去：步行，骑自行车        现在：坐地铁或开车，火车站和飞机场投入使用多年（be in use） 4.交流方式：过去：写信保持联系          现在：…… 5.感受：…… Changes to my hometown My home town has changed a lot over the past few years. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题思路】 ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏信息提示中需要补充的内容。 第一步，根据提示内容从环境、生活、交通方式和交流方式四个方面描述家乡的变化； 第二步，表达自己的看法和感受。 【佳作欣赏】 Changes to my hometown My home town has changed a lot over the past few years. In the past, people lived in small old houses. Now most of them have moved into new flats. Years ago, there were only narrow and dirty roads in the small town. There was rubbish every where. But now the streets are wide and clean. People used to listen to the radio or watch TV in their free time, but now most families have computers and the Internet. People are crazy about surfing on the Internet and taking exercise. In the past, people travelled around on foot or by bicycle, but now they can go around by car or by underground. The railway station and the airport have been in use for years. People used to keep in touch by letter, but now we use mobiles or send and receive emails. I think my hometown is better than before. Now people are enjoying a comfortable life. 连接中考： （2023·辽宁营口·中考真题） 假设你是李华，你所在城市将举办以“My Country，My Pride”为主题的中学生英语演讲比赛。请你写篇演讲稿，简要阐述中国这些年在环境、文化传播以及太空科技方面的发展与变化（至少阐述以上两个方面），并谈谈你的感受。 写作要求： （1）包含所给要点，80 词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内； （2）条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确； （3）文中不得出现真实地名、校名和人名。 My Country, My Pride Hi, everyone. It’s my great honor to give a speech here. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’s all. Thanks for listening. 【思路解读】 ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。 【写作步骤】 第一步，介绍中国这些年在环境，文化传播以及太空科技方面的发展与变化； 第二步，以自己的国家为傲，希望在未来能成为国家的骄傲。 【满分作文】 My Country, My Pride Hi, everyone. It’s my great honor to give a speech here.   Obviously, great changes have taken place in China these years. For example, the environment has changed for the better since the government took some useful measures. Clear rivers and blue sky return to our life. At the same time, Chinese culture spreads quickly around the world, which makes more foreigners interested in it. What’s more, China has made great progress in its space successfully launched, making China’s space dream a reality. I’m proud of our country and I hope I’ll be the pride of our country in the future. That’s all. Thanks for listening. 【亮点词汇】 ①take place发生 ②for example例如 ③at the same time同时 ④be proud of以……为傲 【高分句型】 ①For example, the environment has changed for the better since the government took some useful measures.（since引导时间状语从句） ②I’m proud of our country and I hope I’ll be the pride of our country in the future.（宾语从句 【重点词组】 1.in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的 2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事    be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事       be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years      做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查 4.write a report on the changes in your home town 写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道 5.know about the different forms of transport  对不同形式的交通工具很了解 6.talk about transport at different times  讨论不同时期的交通工具 7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns 轮流做某事 8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校 9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车 10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus 乘公交车去学校 11.interview sb. to get some information   为了得到些信息采访某人 12.know sunshine town very well   对阳光镇很了解 13.be born  出生 14.move house   搬家 15.in the northern part of town  在这个镇的西部 16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.      和某人结婚 17.marry sb. to sb.  把某人嫁给某人 18.move two blocks away      搬到两个街区以外 19.live in this area   住在这个地区 20.since then   自从那以后     since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago 21.over the years 这些年     over the past century  在过去的几个世纪 22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town  在镇中心 23.turn/change/put sth. into   把某物变成某物 24.a steel factory   一个钢铁厂 25.put the waste into the river   把垃圾倒入河里     put down 记下     put away 收好     put on 穿上     put off 推迟、延期 26.take action to improve the situation 采取行动改善这种情况 27.in some ways   在某些方面     on the way (to )  在……的路上     by the way   顺便说     no way   没门     in any way   无论如何 28.most of my old friends      大部分我的老朋友 29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town 30.see each other as often as before      像以前一样经常看到对方 31.play cards and Chinese chess   打牌和下棋 32.feel a bit lonely   感到有点孤单 33.from time to time = at times = sometimes   有时 34.because of being alone 因为独自一人 35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides     街道两边全是高楼       on both sides/ on each side 36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人 37.all his life   整个他的一生 38.in the past  在过去     at present   现在 39.make some notes  做些笔记 40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.      浪费某物在某物/某人上 41.repair over ten bicycles      = repair more than ten bicycles     修理超过10辆自行车 42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China      教我很多有关中国的历史 43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing      讨论一个有关北京历史的影片 44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present      对北京的过去和现在了解更多 45.hear about/of 听说     hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter     =receive/get a letter of sb.      收到某人来信 46.living conditions 居住条件 47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人 48.go abroad  去国外        at home or abroad  在国内外 49.at primary school  在小学 50.keep in touch with each other  互相保持联系 51.make communication much easier      使得联系更容易     Communicate with sb.     和某人保持联系 52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行         happen发生(偶然发生) 53.green hills all around到处都是绿山 54.a river runs through the centre of town    一条小河穿过镇中心 55.get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化 56.on one’s own = by oneself = alone   独自 57.throw rubbish    扔垃圾 58.in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方 59.move into new flats 搬到新公寓去 60.in their free time  在他们业余时间 61.travel around the town在镇里转转 62.have their own cars= have cars of their own  有他们自己的汽车 63.use the new words to talk about my hometown  用些新词来讨论我的家乡 64.use facts to support my opinions 用事实来支持我的观点 【重点句型】 1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.     公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。 2.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.     对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经不可能。 3.Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.     Sunshine Town 已经发生了惊人的变化。 4.Local people used to live in old houses,but now,most of them have moved into new flats.     当地人过去常常居住在旧房子里，但是现在他们大多数已经搬到了新的公寓。 5.We mainly communicate by email.The Internet makes communication much easier.     我们主要通过电子邮件交流，网络使交流变得更加容易。 6.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.     习惯生活的快速变化是不容易的。  7.My uncle used to live in the city,but now he is used to living in the countryside.     我叔叔过去居住在城市，但现在他习惯于居住在乡下。 8.I have to spend more time on my homework than before.     比起以前我不得不花费更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。 【重点语法】 1 现在完成时 开始于过去，持续或影响到现在。或多次动作的积累（不一定完成） 结构：have\has+p.p.    标志词：yet,never,since+pt,already,for+时段译为已经多长时间，recently.                               2 现完与过去 现完强调持续与影响，时间段，过去只是过去时间点。 3 used used to do sth   过去常常做某事，（过去某地有某物there used to be  )  be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do     被用来做某事 be   used for  （doing)sth 被用于（做）某事 be used   as sth   被作为…用      4 just\just now just 刚刚，用于现完，三类词后，行为动词前。Just now ,句末，用于过去时。 5 since\for since +过去时=for +时段 6 乘take\in\on\by take（V) a \the 工具to 地点 =go   to 地点by+工具 =go to 地点 on\in a( the) 工具 7 in some ways \in the way \on the way \by the   way  \in a way in some ways 在某种程度上； in the way   挡道； on the way在去…的路上； by the way 顺便问一下； in a way 在某种程度上。 8 however\but 9 marry marry 动词，marry sb（娶）嫁给某人。  marry sb to sb把某人许嫁给某人；  married adj  be married 已婚的（长）， get married已婚的（短）  be (get) married to sb 与某人结婚(不用with)。 10 ago\before ago用于一般过去时， 时段+before 用于现在完成时。 Since+时段+ago 用于现完。 11 a bit \a little a bit=a little +adj\adv   a little +不可名=a bit of +不可名  not a bit一点儿不；not a liitle 很，非常 12 from…to相关 from day to day日复一日； from mouth to mouth 广泛流传； from bad to worth 每况愈下； from top to bottom从头到尾；  from start to finish  自始自终； from moning to night从早到晚 13 hear about \of hear about所听内容更细些 Hear of 听别人说过或提及 多可互换。 14 return\back return to sp=get back to sp.  Return sth to sb 归还某人某物=give sth back to sb  15 abroad at home and abroad    study abroad    go abroad      be abroad      from abroad (不能与at in on 连用） 16 独自 on one's own =by oneself 17 spend\pay\ cost\take sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth. sb. pay some money for sth. sth. cost sb. some money. It takes sb. some money to do sth. 18 take place \happen take place 有计划发生 Happen 偶然，多是不好的事   Sth happen to sb /sth take place (都无被动） 19 被动语态 当主语是动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 结构为be+pp.(强:一感二听三让四看主动语态不带to ,被动语态还原to.)  His father made him do his homework for three   hours.=He was made to do his homework for three hours. 家乡的变化 开门见山：过去的情况 方面一：如交通等 方面二：如环境等 现在的变化 与过去的几方面分别或综合对比 方面三：如教育等 感想和打算等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit1 Past and present Unit1 话题 变化发展 词汇 1. past (adj. ) ________ (adj.)现在的_______(n.)未来 2. northern (adj.) ________(adj.)南方的 _________(adj.) 东方的______(adj.)西方的 3. married (adj.)________(vt.) 结婚______ (n.)婚姻 4. block (n.) _________(n.)街道__________(n.) 广场____________(n.) 市区 5. since (adv.) _______ (adv.) 以前_______(adv) 曾经 ______(adv.) 近来 6.pollution (n.) ________(vt.)污染________(n.) 空气污染_______(n.) 水污染 7. waste (n.) _____________(vt.) 浪费______________(vt.)节约 8. impossible (adj.)________ (adv.)不可能地 ________ (adv.) (反义词）可能地 9. transport (n.) ____________ (n.)运输工具 10. abroad (adv.) ____________ (adj.) 国际的 11. primary (n.) _________ (n.)幼儿园 ________(n.)中学_________(n.)大学 12. communication (n.) ____________(vt..)交流______________(vi.)交谈 短语 1.自从我出生 ___________________ 2. 搬家 __________________________ 3.在城镇北部 ____________________ 4. 结婚 __________________________ 5.改变了许多 __________________6.许多小餐馆和商店 _______________ 7.城镇中心 _____________________8.把废物倒进河里__________________ 9.在某些方面 _____________________10.打牌 __________________________ 11.令人惊奇的变化_________________12.—生 __________________________ 13. move two blocks away ___________14. over the years ___________________ 15. take action _____________________16. improve the situation ______________ 17. from time to time ________________18. go abroad _______________________ 19. at primary school ________________20. keep in touch ____________________ 21. old houses ______________________22. on foot or by bicycle_______________ 句型 1. 你也变了。你过去对我那么好。 You’ve ____________________.You ______________________________ me. 2. 自我出生以来, 我就住在这儿。 I ___________________________________________________. 3. 这些年来, 这个小镇变化很大吗? Has _______________________________________________ the years? 4. 后来, 政府意识到了这个问题, 并采取措施来改善这种状况。 Later the government _________ the problem and ___________ improve the situation 5. 不管怎样, 能看到小镇这些令人惊叹的变化, 还是不错的。 _______________________, it’s ______________________________in the town. 6. 我们不可能像以前那样经常见面了。 It has become ____________________ each other as ______________________. 7. 现在我时不时会觉得有点孤独。 Now I feel _________________________________________________. 8. ——那么你们是如何互相保持联系的呢? ——我们主要通过电子邮件交流。 —So how do you ____________________________________ each other? —We mainly _______________________________________. 9. 互联网使交流更加容易。 The Internet _____________________________________________. 10. 但现在街道宽阔且干净, 两边有许多绿树。 But now the streets _________, ________many green trees _________________. 语法 现在完成时（1） 写作 介绍家乡发生的变化 参考答案 词汇：1.present; future 2.southern; eastern; western 3.marry ; marriage 4.street; square; downtown 5.before; ever; recent 6.polluter air pollution; water pollution 7.waste;save 8.impossibly; possibly; possible 9. transportation 10. international 11. kindergarten; middle school; college/university 12. communicate; chat 短语： 1. since l was born 2.move house 3.in the northern part of town 4.get married 5.change a lot 6.some small restaurants and shops 7.town centre 8.put the waste into the river 9. in some ways 10. play cards 11. amazing changes 12. all one's life 13. 搬到两个街区外14.多年以来 15．采取行动 16．改善情况 17．有时18.出国19.在小学20.保持联系21.老房子22-步行或骑自行车 重点句型 1. changed too; used to be so kind to 2. have lived here since I was born 3. the town changed a lot over 4. realized; took action to 5. Anyway; good to see the amazing changes 6. impossible for us to see; often as before 7. a bit lonely from time to time 8. keep in touch with; communicate by email 9. makes communication much easier 10. are wide and clean; with; on both sides 考点 1. time n.时代：时期 【用法】time表示”时代：时期”时常用复数形式。 例句：Times are different 时代不同了。 In ancient times,thee was a king who loved flowers.在古代，有一个国王很喜欢花。 【拓展延伸】 （1)time作名词时，还可意为“时间；钟点：事件，时刻”。 例句：They have agreed on the time and place.他们已经约定好了时间和地点。 We can just hang out and have a good time.我们可以只是闲逛一下，开开心。 （2)time 还可意为“次，回”，是可数名词。 例句：Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗？ Her job ts to make tea three times a day.她的工作就是每天沏三次茶。 （3)times意为“（用于比较）倍”。 例句：This planet is about ten tmes the weight of the earth.这颗行星大约是地球的10倍重。 【经典练】 1．—Fanfan, ________ do you do some reading in the school library? —Every Tuesday and Friday. And I often write down my ideas while reading. A．how far B．how long C．how often D．how many times 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凡凡，你在学校图书馆多久阅读一次？——每周二和周五。而且我经常在阅读时记下我的想法。考查特殊疑问词。how far多远；how long多久；how often多久一次；how many times多少次。根“Every Tuesday and Friday”可知，询问的是频率，应用how often。故选C。 2．—How great! Your sister won first place in the tennis women’s tennis singles. —She is hardworking and keeps practicing it _________. A．in the future B．all the time C．in the beginning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——太棒了！你姐姐在网球女子单打比赛中获得第一名。——她很勤奋，一直在练习。考查介词短语。in the future将来；all the time一直，始终；in the beginning开始，开端。根据“She is hardworking and keeps practicing it”可知，姐姐一直在练习，故选B。 考点 2. past 【用法】past 此处是名词。 in the past在过去，用一般过去时。 例句：The past passed. Let’s look ahead.过去的事过去了，我们向前看吧。 【拓展】其他词性用法： ①作形容词，意为“从前的，过去的” 例句: I haven’t seen much of her in the past few weeks.近几周来我很少见到她。 ②作介词，意为 “（表示时间）在……之后，晚于”，还可意为“经过”。 例句：It’s twenty past five. Let’s go home. The boys rushed past us .男孩们从我们身边匆匆走过。 ③作副词，意为“经过” 例句：They walked past without stopping.他们走了过去，连停都没停。 【经典练】 1．—Excuse me, how can I get to the post office? —Go ________ the bridge in front of you, turn left, walk ________ the museum and you’ll find it. A．along; to B．across; past C．past; to D．through; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——打扰了，我怎么去邮局？——穿过前面的桥，向左转，走过博物馆，你就会找到它。考查介词辨析。along沿着；to到；across从表面穿过；past经过；through从内部穿过。第一空表示“穿过桥”，用go across；第二空表示“从博物馆旁边经过”，用walk past。故选B。 2．Go ________ the bookstore, and you will find the park on your left. A．pass B．past C．passed D．to past 【答案】B 【详解】句意：经过书店，你将会发现公园在你的左边。考查词汇辨析。pass路过，动词；past经过，介词或副词；passed路过，pass的过去式。根据“Go...the bookstore”可知，考查“go past经过”。故选B。 考点 3.present 【用法】present此处为名词，常见短语at present,意为“目前，现在”,相当于now。 例句：You’d better forget the past and start living in the present.你最好忘掉过去，开始现在的生活。 【拓展】其他此行用法“ ①作名词，意为 “礼物，礼品”. 例句：This book would be a great birthday resent. ②作动词，意为“颁发，授予”. ③作形容词。意为“当前的，现存的” 【经典练】 1．There were many ________ on the table at the party. A．present B．presents C．a present D．the presents 【答案】B 【详解】句意：聚会的桌子上有许多礼物。考查名词用法。根据“There were many”可知此处应为名词复数形式，且空前已有many修饰，不需其他限定词修饰。故选B。 2．Mrs White wants to buy ________. A．her son for a present B．a present for her son C．a present to her son D．her son to a present 【答案】B 【详解】句意：怀特太太想给儿子买一件礼物。考查动词的用法。结合句意和“buy”，可知buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.“为某人买某物”。这里sth.指的是“a present”，sb.指的是“her son”。故选B。 考点4.yet (1) yet作副词，意为“到此时，至今，还，尚未”，用于否定句中。例如： We haven’t heard from him yet. 我们还没有收到他的来信。 I’m not yet sure if we could win. 我还没有把握确定我们是否能赢。 (2) 作副词，意为“已经”，用于疑问句中。例如： Is everything ready yet? 一切准备就绪了吗？ Has the ship left yet? 轮船已经离开了吗？ (3) 作副词，意为“仍然，还是”，用于肯定句中。例如： He’s yet a child. 他还是个孩子。 (4) 作连词，意为“然而，可是”。例如： You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year, why? 你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年，为什么？ He trained hard all year, yet she didn’t win a prize in the competition. 他全年都艰苦训练，然而在竞赛中却没能获奖。 【拓展】 yet和already的辨析： yet用于疑问句或否定句时，放在句末。例如： Have you finished yet? 你完成了吗？ He hasn’t done it yet. 他还没有干完呢。 already常用于肯定陈述句中，一般位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如： The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 【经典练】 1．—Have you seen Zootopia (《疯狂动物城》) ________? —Yes. I’ve ________ seen it twice. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; never 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看过《疯狂动物城》吗？——是的。我已经看过两次了。考查副词。already已经，用于肯定句；yet还，用于否定句或疑问句；never从不。第一空位于疑问句末，用yet；第二空位于肯定句中，用already。故选B。 2．—Nancy, have you worked out the math problem? —________. I can work it out if I have ten more minutes. A．Not yet B．Not at all C．Not really D．Not always 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——南希，你解出这道数学题了吗？——还没有。如果我还有十分钟，我可以解决这个问题。考查情景交际。Not yet还没有；Not at all不客气；Not really不是真的；Not always不总是。根据“have you worked out the math problem”可知此处表示还没有解决出这道题。故选A。 3．—Have you eaten up the food in your plate ________? —Yes, I have ________ eaten it up. A．yet; yet B．yet; already C．already; yet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你把盘子里的食物吃光了吗？——是的，我已经把它吃光了。考查副词辨析。already已经，用于肯定句句中或句末；yet还，用于否定句或疑问句句末。第一空位于一般疑问句句末，使用yet；第二空位于肯定句句中，使用already。故选B。 考点 5.turn 1). v.变… 例：turn green变成绿色 2). turn…into… 把……变成…… 【拓展】有关turn短语： turn on打开；turn off关上；turn up 调高音量、出现 turn down 调低音量、拒绝；turn to转向、求助于；turn to sb.for help 向某人求助 3). n.轮流 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 【经典练】 1．We should always remember ________ off the light before leaving the room. A．to turn B．turning C．turns D．to turning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该总是记得在离开房间之前关灯。考查不定式作宾语。remember to do sth“记得要去做某事”；remember doing sth“记得做过某事”。根据“before leaving the room.”可知，动作尚未发生，我们要记住去关灯。故选A。 2．Ma Liang has a magic brush. After he draws something with the brush, the thing he draws would turn ________ a real object. A．into B．like C．with D．on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：马良有一把神笔。当他用画笔画出一些东西后，他画的东西就会变成一个真实的物体。考查介词辨析。into进入；like像；with和；on在上面。根据“the thing he drawas would turn...a real object”可知他画的东西就会变成一个真实的物体，turn into“变成”。故选A。 考点 6.since since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。 【拓展】 since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 【经典练】 1．—We have lived in this city ________ 1980. —So you have lived here ________ about 40 years. A．since; for B．in; for C．in; since 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——自1980年以来我们一直住在这个城市。——你在这里住了40年了。考查介词辨析。since自……以来；for接一段时间；in接年/月/季节。根据“We have lived in this city…1980.”可知，该句是现在完成时，此处指的是自1980年以来，填since；根据“about 40 years.”可知，这是时间段，填for。故选A。 2．Tony ________ a lot of changes in Tianjin since he came here. A．has seen B．saw C．will see D．sees 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从Tony来到天津，他已经看到了这里大量的变化。考查现在完成时。题干“since he came here”的“since”引导时间或时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词一律用现在完成时，此处应用现在完成时has seen。故选A。 考点 7.too many意为“太多，大量的” too many意为“太多，大量的”，后跟可数名词复数。 例如：There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read. 房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。 The boy has too many questions to ask. 那个男孩有太多的问题要问。 【拓展】too much / too many / much too的辨析： 词语 词形 特点 too much 形容词短语 后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语 too many 形容词短语 后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语 much too 副词短语 后跟形容词或副词 例如： Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。 They bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨天他们买了太多的鸡蛋。 It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套 【经典练】 1．Little Tom eats ________ meat and he is ________ fat now. A．too much; too much B．too much; much too C．much too; too much D．much too; much too 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小汤姆吃肉太多了，他现在太胖了。考查形容词短语和副词短语辨析。too much太多，后跟不可数名词；much too太……，一般修饰形容词。根据“Little Tom eats…meat”可知，此处指的是小汤姆吃太多肉，meat“肉”，不可数名词，应用“too much”修饰；根据“he is…fat now.”可知，此处指的是他太胖了，“fat”胖的，形容词，应用“much too”修饰。故选B。 2．—Wang Xinyue is ________ thin. — I think she should eat ________ healthy food. A．too much; much too B．much too; too many C．too much; too many D．much too; too much 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——王新悦太瘦了。——我认为她应该吃很多健康的食物。考查副词短语和形容词短语辨析。too much太多，修饰不可数名词；much too太，修饰形容词或副词；too many太多，修饰可数名词复数。根据语境可知，第一空修饰形容词thin，应用much too；第二空修饰不可数名词food，应用too much。故选D。 考点 8. a lot (1) a lot作副词短语，意为“很，非常”，常修饰动词、感叹词、形容词或副词的比较级等。例如： It usually rains a lot at this time of year. 每年的这个时候都经常下雨。 Thanks a lot for the coffee. 多谢你请我喝咖啡。 Your room is a lot better than mine. 你的房间比我的大的多。 (2) a lot作名词短语，表示“许多，大量”，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，其后常有动词不定式短语作后置定语。例如： Sometimes we have very little snow, but sometimes there’s a lot. 有时我们这里雪很少，有时却很多。（作主语） There is a lot to see at the party. 聚会上有许多可观赏的东西。（作主语） He has given her a lot to eat.他给了她许多吃的东西。（作宾语） 【经典练】 1．________ can help us learn ________ about the world. A．Reading; a lot of B．Read; lots of C．Read; a lot D．Reading; a lot 【答案】D 【详解】句意：阅读能帮我们了解很多有关世界的情况。考查动名词作主语和词汇辨析。句子中已有谓语动词“can help”，第一空需要一个非谓语动词作主语，所以排除B、C选项。a lot of/lots of表示“许多”，两者都修饰名词，a lot很，非常，副词或作代词，表示很多，由learn可知，空处需用代词作宾语，learn a lot 意为“了解很多”。故选D。 2．—Why do you like science? —Science changes ________ about our life and gives us _________ convenience (便利). A．a lot; a lot B．a lot of; a lot C．a lot; a lot of D．a lot of; a lot of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么喜欢科学？——科学改变了我们的生活，给我们带来了很多便利。考查形容词短语和副词短语。a lot of许多，形容词短语，修饰名词；a lot许多，副词短语，修饰动词。第一空修饰动词changes，应填a lot。第二空修饰名词convenience，应填a lot of，故选C。 考点9. lonely lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。 When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。 The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。 【拓展】 lonely与alone的辨析： lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如： Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。 【经典练】 1．Though Mr Black lives ________ in the country, he never feels ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然布莱克先生一个人住在乡下，但他从不感到孤独。考查alone/lonely的用法。alone独自，既可用作形容词，又可用作副词；lonely孤独的，形容词。根据“lives...”可知此处指一个人住，修饰动词用副词alone；根据“feels”可知此处指感到孤独，指精神上的孤单，用lonely。故选A。 2．The old woman lives _________ , but she has many hobbies. She never feels _________. A．lonely; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; lonely 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老妇人独自生活，但她有许多爱好。她从不感到孤独。考查副词及形容词用法。alone独自，副词或形容词；lonely孤独的，形容词，带有强烈的感情色彩。第一空修饰动词，应用副词alone，排除AB；第二空作表语，强调情感上不孤独，应用lonely。故选C。 3．—Mr. Green, you live _________ in the big house. Do you feel _________? —No, I often have lots of things to do with my friends. A．alone; lonely B．alone; alone C．lonely; alone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——格林，你一个人住在大房子里。你感到孤独吗？ ——不，我经常和朋友们有很多事情要做。考查形容词和副词辨析。alone意为“独自地”是副词；意为“单独的”是形容词；lonely“孤独的”，形容词。分析句子可知，第一空需要用副词来修饰动词live，排除选项C；第二个空需要形容词作表语，且表示带有感情色彩的“孤独的”。故选A。 考点10. because of because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如： He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。 He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 【拓展】 because是连词，意为“因为”，表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如： I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。 Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。 — Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? — Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 【经典练】 1．He had to stop _________ after the homeless girl ________ his bad health. A．to look; instead of B．looking; because of C．to look; because D．looking; instead 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于身体不好，他不得不停止照顾那个无家可归的女孩。考查非谓语动词及词汇辨析。instead of代替，而不是；because of由于；because因为，后接句子；instead相反。此处指他由于身体不好，不能照顾女孩，应用because of。stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”；stop doing sth.“停止正在做的某事”。根据“his bad health”可知，他的身体不好，所以要停止照顾女孩，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。 2．These factories should be closed because of their serious pollution. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于这些工厂的污染严重，这些工厂应该关闭。考查句子成分。because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词等构成介宾短语，作状语，所以划线部分应是作状语。故选B。 考点11.take place take place意为“发生”。例如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家长发生了巨大变化。 【拓展】 （1）take place与happen的辨析： 1）take place一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 例如：When will the wedding take place? 婚礼什么时候举行？ 2）happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如： What happened to you? 你发生了什么事？(一般不说：What did you happen?) Do you know what will happen in one hundred years? 你知道100年后会发生什么吗？ 注意：happen 与 take place 通常都没有被动语态。 （2）take place还可意为“举行”，相当于hold，但hold有被动语态。 The football game will take place tomorrow. 足球比赛明天举行。 The school sports meeting took place last week. 学校上周举行了运动会。 【拓展】 take one’s place 或take the place of sb. “代替某人” E.g. He was ill in hospital and his friend took his place. take有关的词组： take part in 参加，参与 take on 承担;呈现，接纳，雇用 take up 拿起，开始从事 take effect 生效;起作用 take off 起飞，脱下，离开 take a look 看一下 take out v.取出;去掉;出发，抵充 take into 考虑到;说服 take in 接受;理解，拘留，欺骗;让…进入 take seriously 重视;认真对待… take away 带走，拿走，取走 take a look at看一看;检查 take over 接管;接收 take for granted 认为…理所当然 take the lead v.带头;为首 take charge of接管，负责 take good care好好照顾 【经典练】 1．—________ does the sports meeting ________ in your school? —Twice a year. A．How long, happen B．How soon, take place C．How often, take place D．How many times, happen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你们学校的运动会多久举行一次？——一年两次。考查特殊疑问句和动词及动词短语辨析。How long多长，主要对时间或长度进行提问；How soon多久，通常用于一般将来时，询问动作发生的时间；How often多久一次，对频率提问；How many times多少次，问次数；happen发生；take place举行。根据答句“Twice a year.”可知，是提问频率，运动会的举行用“take place”。故选C。 2．Everyone is hopeful because greater changes ________ in the future. A．take place B．took place C．will take place D．have taken place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每个人都充满希望，因为未来会发生更大的变化。考查一般将来时。根据“in the future”可知because引导的原因状语从句应采用一般将来时，其谓语结构为：will+动词原形。故选C。 3．Great changes ________ in our school in the past few years. A．take place B．took place C．will take place D．have taken place 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。考查动词的时态。根据“in the past few years”可知，时态要用现在完成时，结构为have/has done；主语“Great changes”为名词复数，助动词应用have。故选D。 考点12.used to You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分着吃食物的! 【知识讲解】 used to 意为“曾经，过去常常”，后接动词原形。 My elder sister used to be very shy.我姐姐过去很害羞。 【拓展】 (1) used to 结构在变为否定形式时有两种变法: 一是used not to do sth.; 二是didn’t use to do sth. (2) used to do变成一般疑问句也有两种形式: 一是将used提到主语前面，即used+主语+to dosth? 二是在主语前加助动词did, 并将used改为use, 即Did + 主语+ use to dosth.? E.g. Did you use to go to the movies? = Used you to go to the movies? (3) used to 结构在变为反意疑问句时 ，构成肯定的疑问句可用did或used, 构成否定的疑问可用didn’t或 usedn’t。常见的还是用did或didn’t构成。 E.g. --- The mother used to be angry with her son, didn’t she? --- Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t. 辨析：used to do sth., be used to do sth., be(get) used to doing sth. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 指过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，现在已不再那样，侧重与现在的比较，to后用动词原形； be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 这是一个被动语态； be ( get) used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 指现在习惯做某事，强调目前的状况，to后接名词或动名词。 He used to go shopping by bike.他过去常常骑着自行车去购物。 Computer can be used to search for information电脑可用来搜索信息。 【经典练】 1．Judy’s father ________ to his office by bus, but now he ________ there by bike. A．used to go; is used to go B．used to going; is used to go C．used to go; is used to going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：朱迪的父亲过去常常坐公共汽车去办公室，但现在他习惯骑自行车去。考查动词短语辨析。used to do sth过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth习惯于做某事；be used to do sth被用来做某事。根据“but now”可知，前半句是介绍过去常常做的事情，所以第一空填used to go；后半句介绍现在习惯的事情，所以第二空用is used to going。故选C。 2．The girl ________ be shy, but she is ________ getting active in teamwork and willing to make friends. A．used to, gradually B．was used to, seldom C．was used for, usually D．used to, mainly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个女孩以前很害羞，但她逐渐开始积极参与团队合作，并愿意交朋友。考查动词短语和副词辨析。used to do过去常常做某事；be used to do被用来做某事；be used for被用于；gradually逐渐地；seldom很少；usually通常；mainly主要地。根据“but she is...”可知转折词前表示她以前很害羞，第一个空填used to，排除BC；根据“getting active in teamwork and willing to make friends.”可知是逐渐开始积极参与团队合作，并愿意交朋友。故选A。 考点13.married When I got married in 1965，my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. 当我1965年结婚时，我和妻了搬到了两个街区以外,此后我们一直住在这里。 【知识详解】 (1)married为形容词，意为“已婚的，结婚的”。 (2)be married 表示状态, get married 表示动作 (3)marry “嫁...; 同 ……结婚” (4)be/get married to sb. “与某人结婚” 【经典练】 1．Lucy ________ Jim since I was ten years old. A．married B．have married with C．were married to D．has been married to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：露西从我十岁起就嫁给了吉姆。考查时态和延续性动词。根据“since I was ten years old”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，排除AC；且此处和时间段连用，动词用延续性动词，此处用be married to表示结婚的状态，是延续性动词。故选D。 2．—How long ________ Rick and Ross ________ ? —It is fifty years since they ________. It is their gold marriage this year. A．has; been married; marry B．has; get married; marry C．have; been married; got married 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——里克和罗斯结婚多久了？——他们结婚已经五十年了。今年是他们的金婚。考查时态和延续性动词。根据“How long”可知此处动词应用延续性动词be married，主语是Rick and Ross，助动词用have；根据“since they...”可知从句中用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。 3．Last year, Mary ________ a poor and ugly man. A．married with B．married to C．married D．get married to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年，玛丽嫁给了一个又穷又丑的男人。考查动词用法及时态。marry是及物动词，直接接宾语，表示“结婚”，不需要介词，排除选项A、B；根据“Last year”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式，排除选项D。故选C。 考点14. put.....into 考点6.They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废物排入河中。(教材第9页) 【知识讲解】 1) put 的常用短语（重点知识）: ①put on穿上，戴上，上演(戏剧)。 ②put out扑灭。 ③put up举起，搭建，张贴。 ④put away收拾好。 2) waste 此处用作不可数名词，意为“废料，废品”可以和a连用,a waste of..“浪费....”。 【经典练】 1．If you ________ salt into water, it ________. A．will put；disappear B．will put；disappears C．put；disappears D．put；will disappear 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你把盐放进水里，它就会消失。考查条件状语从句的主将从现。根据“If”可知这是if引导的条件状语从句，表示客观真理时，在时态上遵循“主现从现”原则，所以if引导的从句用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用动词原形put；主句采用一般现在时，谓语动词用三单disappears。故选C。 2．If you ________ ice in a warm place, it ________ into water. A．putting, turns B．puts, will turn C．will put, turn D．put, turns 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你把冰放到一个温暖的地方，它会变成水。考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，本句含if引导的条件状语从句，且本句讲述的是客观规律，时态规则为主现从现，if后接从句，第一空用一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词用原形put，第二空所在句为主句，用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词用三单形式turns。故选D。 考点15. realized/take action / improve Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。 【知识讲解】 (1) realized是realize的过去式, 意为 “意识到”/“实现” E.g. He wants to realize his dream. (2) take action “采取行动” take action to do sth. “采取行动做某事” E.g. They want to take action to protect wild animals. (3) improve “改进,改善”, 名词是improvement. E.g. I want to improve my English. 【经典练】 1．If you keep working hard, you ________ your dream sooner or later. A．realize B．realized C．will realize D．have realized 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你一直努力工作，你早晚会实现你的梦想。考查时态。此句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时“will do”。故选C。 2．Many students ________ the importance of learning a foreign language well. A．have realized B．has realized C．have been realized D．has been realized 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多学生已经意识到学好一门外语的重要性。考查现在完成时。根据语境可知，句子为现在完成时，表示动作已经完成，且产生了对现在的影响，许多学生已经意识到学好一门外语的重要性了，句子为主动语态，结合主语“Many students”为复数名词，此处助动词应用have。故选A。 3．He is considering ________ action against this hospital. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他正在考虑对这家医院采取行动。考查非谓语动词。consider doing“考虑做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故选B。 4．—More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take action ________ the situation from getting worse. —I quite agree ________ you. A．stop; with B．to stop; with C．stopping; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——越来越多的青少年视力不好，所以家长和老师应该采取行动阻止这种情况变得更糟。——我非常同意你的看法。考查非谓语动词及介词。take action to do sth.“采取行动做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语；agree with sb.“同意某人的看法”。故选B。 5．Do you know ________ your memory? A．how improve B．how to improve C．what improve D．what to improve 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你知道如何提高你的记忆力吗？考查“疑问词+不定式”。句中缺少宾语，用“疑问词+不定式”结构，排除A、C；improve后有宾语your memory，疑问词不能用what，此处用how to improve。故选B。 6．Jenny’s Chinese ________ a lot since she ________ to China three years ago. A．improved; came B．has improved; came C．improved; has come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Jenny自从三年前来中国，她的中文已经进步了很多。考查时态。improve提高；come来。根据“since she...to China three years ago”可知，since引导的从句应用一般过去时，主句时态应用现在完成时。主语为Jenny’s Chinese，主句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，即has improved，从句谓语come用过去式came。故选B。 考点16.it作形式主语的句型： It is + adjective + (of/ for…) + to… 做某事情对某人来说是… It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费…做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做… It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是（某人）做某事的时候了 It is said/ reported/… that… 据说/报道… It is / has been +时段+ since +从句(过去时) 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 【经典练】 1．—Your telephone is very nice. Where do you buy________? I want to buy ________, too. —Sorry. I don’t know. My father buys it for me. A．one; one B．it; it C．it; one D．one; it 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的电话很好。你在哪里买的？我也想买一个。——对不起。我不知道。我爸爸给我买的。考查代词辨析。it它，同类又同物；one一个，同类不同物。第一空指代前文your telephone，同类又同物，故第一空填it。第二空指代众多电话中的其中一个，同类不同物，故第二空填one，故选C。 2．I find ________ easy to work out the problem. I can do it by myself. A．this B．that C．it D．those 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我发现解决这个问题很容易。我可以自己做。考查代词辨析。this 这个；that 那个；it 它；those 那些。“sb.+find it+adj.+to do sth.”为固定句型，表示“某人发现做某事是……的”，其中“it”是形式宾语，真正宾语是动词不定式，故选C。 3．— I can’t afford to buy this dress. So I have to choose cheap enough for me. — If you truly like , I can give you a discount. A．that; one B．one; it C．it; that D．that; it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我买不起这件衣服。所以我要选择一个对我来说足够便宜的。——如果你真的喜欢它，我可以给你打个折扣。考查代词辨析。that那个，用于代替前面提到过的名词；it往往指上文出现过的同一事物；而one则指代与前面事物同属一类的事物，并不是同一个事物。根据上文“I can’t afford to buy this dress”，可知想选一件便宜的，第一空指代同类不同物，需用one；根据下文“I can give you a discount”，可知第二空指的就是前句提到的“this dress”，需用it代替。结合选项，故选B。 考点17.impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的” It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。 【考点讲解】 1)impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的”。impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。 英语中的否定前缀有un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-等 necessary— unnecessary friendly —unfriendly 以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。 correct—incorrect expensive—inexpensive 以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。 proper—improper polite—impolite 以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。 regular—irregular 有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词。 honest—dishonest (2) as..as... 意为.......”中间用形容词或副词原级。as..as.... 的否定形式是not as/so...as...,意为“不如....” 【经典练】 1．________ to get there on time. Five minutes ________ too short. A．It is impossible of us; are B．It is impossible of us; is C．It’s impossible for us; are D．It’s impossible for us; is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：对我们来说，准时到那里是不可能的。五分钟太短了。考查it句型和主谓一致。It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说，做某事是……”，排除A、B项。five minutes作主语，看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，故为is。故选D。 2．Cutting down too many trees ________ it ________ for us to protect wildlife in the world. A．make; impossible B．makes; impossible C．make; possible D．makes; possible 【答案】B 【详解】句意：砍伐太多树木使人们保护世界上的野生动物成为不可能。考查主谓一致和形容词辨析。possible可能的；impossible不可能的；动名词“Cutting down too many trees”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故排除选项A、C；根据“Cutting down too many trees”可知砍太多树使保护野生动物成为不可能。故选B。 3．I think it’s impossible ________ him ________ the work in three days. A．of, finishing B．for; finishing C．of; to finish D．for; to finish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为他在三天内完成这项工作是不可能的。考查it固定句型。It is+形容词+for/of sb to do sth，所以排除AB选项。和for连用的形容词是表示事物的特性；和of连用的形容词是表示人的性格、品质等。impossible是修饰事物的，所以应用for。故选D。 一．语法精讲 现在完成时（1） 现在完成时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 has/have+动词的过去分词形式 since，for，so far，already，yet，recently，ever，twice，in the last /past few years 【易错警示】 for+时间段，表示“持续……” 常用于现在完成时态 since+ 过去时间点 / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来”，常用于现在完成时态。 just：刚刚；常用于现在完成时态，通常放在助动词之后，实义动词之前。 The train has just left. just now：刚才；相当于a moment ago，常用于一般过去时，通常放在句末。 I saw him just now. yet 已经；与现在完成时连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，通常置于句末，也可与not连用，表示“还没有”。 already 已经；与现在完成时连用，常用于肯定句中，一般不用于否定句，但可用于疑问句中 never 从不；常与完成时连用，用在句子中表否定 二、现在完成时的句型结构： 2、 单元写作 本单元写作要求同学们能用所学的词语和句型简单地介绍家乡发生的变化。介绍的内容主要为家乡过去的情况、现在的变化、感想和打算等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点： 1. 能用一般过去时描述家乡过去的情况； 2. 能用一般现在时和现在完成时描述现在的变化； 3. 能利用多种句式，丰富写作内容； 【句式积累】 ※ 开头句 1. Many changes have taken place in … these years.这些年来，在……发生了很多变化。 2. In recent years, great changes have taken place in …. 在最近的几年中，在……发生了很大变化。 ※ 中间句 1. Ten years ago it was a very poor place.十年前，它是一个贫穷的地方。 2. For example, the environment has changed for the better since the government took some useful measures. 例如，自从政府采取了一些有效措施，环境发展地更好了。 3. … has developed rapidly since then.自从那时起，……飞速发展。 4. But now after the open-gate policy, our hometown is becoming richer and richer. 但是现在，开放政策以后，我们的家乡变得越来越富有。 5. Many new things like computers, new schools and new buildings are becoming more and more common. 许多像电脑、新的学校和新的建筑变得越来越普遍。 6. Almost all the people have owned mobiles or even private cars. 几乎所有人都有了手机甚至私家车。 ※ 结尾句 1. I’m proud of our … and I hope I’ll be the pride of our … in the future. 我为我们的……而自豪，并且希望未来为我们的……而自豪。 2. As a …, I am very proud. Also I feel excited for the strength of …. 做为一名……，我很自豪。我也为……的强大而振奋。 3. I feel very proud and excited to see the changes in my hometown. Welcome to my hometown and experience its changes on your own!看到我的家乡的变化我感到很自豪而且振奋。欢迎来到我的故乡并亲自体验它的变化。 【谚语积累】 1. People miss their hometowns when growing mature, birds miss their nests when growing old. 人老思故乡，鸟老思巢穴。 2. To make your hometown beautiful, you need to plant trees and flowers. 要想家乡美，要种树和花。 The water in my hometown is fairy water, and the soil in my hometown is gold. 家乡的水是仙水，家乡的土是金子。 3. Whether you are close or not, you are from your hometown. Whether it is beautiful or not, there’s water in the countryside.亲不亲，故乡人。美不美，乡中水。 典例赏析： 请你根据下面提示，结合你的成长经历，以“Changes to my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇90词左右的短文，介绍家乡的过去和现在变化。最后谈谈自己的感受。 1.环境：    过去：房屋矮小破旧，道路狭窄…… 现在：搬进新公寓，街道宽阔整洁 2.生活：    过去：听广播，看电视        现在：网上冲浪（surf on the Internet）…… 3.交通方式：过去：步行，骑自行车        现在：坐地铁或开车，火车站和飞机场投入使用多年（be in use） 4.交流方式：过去：写信保持联系          现在：…… 5.感受：…… Changes to my hometown My home town has changed a lot over the past few years. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题思路】 ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏信息提示中需要补充的内容。 第一步，根据提示内容从环境、生活、交通方式和交流方式四个方面描述家乡的变化； 第二步，表达自己的看法和感受。 【佳作欣赏】 Changes to my hometown My home town has changed a lot over the past few years. In the past, people lived in small old houses. Now most of them have moved into new flats. Years ago, there were only narrow and dirty roads in the small town. There was rubbish every where. But now the streets are wide and clean. People used to listen to the radio or watch TV in their free time, but now most families have computers and the Internet. People are crazy about surfing on the Internet and taking exercise. In the past, people travelled around on foot or by bicycle, but now they can go around by car or by underground. The railway station and the airport have been in use for years. People used to keep in touch by letter, but now we use mobiles or send and receive emails. I think my hometown is better than before. Now people are enjoying a comfortable life. 连接中考： （2023·辽宁营口·中考真题） 假设你是李华，你所在城市将举办以“My Country，My Pride”为主题的中学生英语演讲比赛。请你写篇演讲稿，简要阐述中国这些年在环境、文化传播以及太空科技方面的发展与变化（至少阐述以上两个方面），并谈谈你的感受。 写作要求： （1）包含所给要点，80 词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内； （2）条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确； （3）文中不得出现真实地名、校名和人名。 My Country, My Pride Hi, everyone. It’s my great honor to give a speech here. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’s all. Thanks for listening. 【思路解读】 ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。 【写作步骤】 第一步，介绍中国这些年在环境，文化传播以及太空科技方面的发展与变化； 第二步，以自己的国家为傲，希望在未来能成为国家的骄傲。 【满分作文】 My Country, My Pride Hi, everyone. It’s my great honor to give a speech here.   Obviously, great changes have taken place in China these years. For example, the environment has changed for the better since the government took some useful measures. Clear rivers and blue sky return to our life. At the same time, Chinese culture spreads quickly around the world, which makes more foreigners interested in it. What’s more, China has made great progress in its space successfully launched, making China’s space dream a reality. I’m proud of our country and I hope I’ll be the pride of our country in the future. That’s all. Thanks for listening. 【亮点词汇】 ①take place发生 ②for example例如 ③at the same time同时 ④be proud of以……为傲 【高分句型】 ①For example, the environment has changed for the better since the government took some useful measures.（since引导时间状语从句） ②I’m proud of our country and I hope I’ll be the pride of our country in the future.（宾语从句 【重点词组】 1.in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的 2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事    be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事       be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years      做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查 4.write a report on the changes in your home town 写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道 5.know about the different forms of transport  对不同形式的交通工具很了解 6.talk about transport at different times  讨论不同时期的交通工具 7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns 轮流做某事 8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校 9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车 10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus 乘公交车去学校 11.interview sb. to get some information   为了得到些信息采访某人 12.know sunshine town very well   对阳光镇很了解 13.be born  出生 14.move house   搬家 15.in the northern part of town  在这个镇的西部 16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.      和某人结婚 17.marry sb. to sb.  把某人嫁给某人 18.move two blocks away      搬到两个街区以外 19.live in this area   住在这个地区 20.since then   自从那以后     since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago 21.over the years 这些年     over the past century  在过去的几个世纪 22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town  在镇中心 23.turn/change/put sth. into   把某物变成某物 24.a steel factory   一个钢铁厂 25.put the waste into the river   把垃圾倒入河里     put down 记下     put away 收好     put on 穿上     put off 推迟、延期 26.take action to improve the situation 采取行动改善这种情况 27.in some ways   在某些方面     on the way (to )  在……的路上     by the way   顺便说     no way   没门     in any way   无论如何 28.most of my old friends      大部分我的老朋友 29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town 30.see each other as often as before      像以前一样经常看到对方 31.play cards and Chinese chess   打牌和下棋 32.feel a bit lonely   感到有点孤单 33.from time to time = at times = sometimes   有时 34.because of being alone 因为独自一人 35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides     街道两边全是高楼       on both sides/ on each side 36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人 37.all his life   整个他的一生 38.in the past  在过去     at present   现在 39.make some notes  做些笔记 40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.      浪费某物在某物/某人上 41.repair over ten bicycles      = repair more than ten bicycles     修理超过10辆自行车 42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China      教我很多有关中国的历史 43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing      讨论一个有关北京历史的影片 44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present      对北京的过去和现在了解更多 45.hear about/of 听说     hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter     =receive/get a letter of sb.      收到某人来信 46.living conditions 居住条件 47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人 48.go abroad  去国外        at home or abroad  在国内外 49.at primary school  在小学 50.keep in touch with each other  互相保持联系 51.make communication much easier      使得联系更容易     Communicate with sb.     和某人保持联系 52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行         happen发生(偶然发生) 53.green hills all around到处都是绿山 54.a river runs through the centre of town    一条小河穿过镇中心 55.get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化 56.on one’s own = by oneself = alone   独自 57.throw rubbish    扔垃圾 58.in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方 59.move into new flats 搬到新公寓去 60.in their free time  在他们业余时间 61.travel around the town在镇里转转 62.have their own cars= have cars of their own  有他们自己的汽车 63.use the new words to talk about my hometown  用些新词来讨论我的家乡 64.use facts to support my opinions 用事实来支持我的观点 【重点句型】 1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.     公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。 2.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.     对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经不可能。 3.Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.     Sunshine Town 已经发生了惊人的变化。 4.Local people used to live in old houses,but now,most of them have moved into new flats.     当地人过去常常居住在旧房子里，但是现在他们大多数已经搬到了新的公寓。 5.We mainly communicate by email.The Internet makes communication much easier.     我们主要通过电子邮件交流，网络使交流变得更加容易。 6.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.     习惯生活的快速变化是不容易的。  7.My uncle used to live in the city,but now he is used to living in the countryside.     我叔叔过去居住在城市，但现在他习惯于居住在乡下。 8.I have to spend more time on my homework than before.     比起以前我不得不花费更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。 【重点语法】 1 现在完成时 开始于过去，持续或影响到现在。或多次动作的积累（不一定完成） 结构：have\has+p.p.    标志词：yet,never,since+pt,already,for+时段译为已经多长时间，recently.                               2 现完与过去 现完强调持续与影响，时间段，过去只是过去时间点。 3 used used to do sth   过去常常做某事，（过去某地有某物there used to be  )  be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do     被用来做某事 be   used for  （doing)sth 被用于（做）某事 be used   as sth   被作为…用      4 just\just now just 刚刚，用于现完，三类词后，行为动词前。Just now ,句末，用于过去时。 5 since\for since +过去时=for +时段 6 乘take\in\on\by take（V) a \the 工具to 地点 =go   to 地点by+工具 =go to 地点 on\in a( the) 工具 7 in some ways \in the way \on the way \by the   way  \in a way in some ways 在某种程度上； in the way   挡道； on the way在去…的路上； by the way 顺便问一下； in a way 在某种程度上。 8 however\but 9 marry marry 动词，marry sb（娶）嫁给某人。  marry sb to sb把某人许嫁给某人；  married adj  be married 已婚的（长）， get married已婚的（短）  be (get) married to sb 与某人结婚(不用with)。 10 ago\before ago用于一般过去时， 时段+before 用于现在完成时。 Since+时段+ago 用于现完。 11 a bit \a little a bit=a little +adj\adv   a little +不可名=a bit of +不可名  not a bit一点儿不；not a liitle 很，非常 12 from…to相关 from day to day日复一日； from mouth to mouth 广泛流传； from bad to worth 每况愈下； from top to bottom从头到尾；  from start to finish  自始自终； from moning to night从早到晚 13 hear about \of hear about所听内容更细些 Hear of 听别人说过或提及 多可互换。 14 return\back return to sp=get back to sp.  Return sth to sb 归还某人某物=give sth back to sb  15 abroad at home and abroad    study abroad    go abroad      be abroad      from abroad (不能与at in on 连用） 16 独自 on one's own =by oneself 17 spend\pay\ cost\take sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth. sb. pay some money for sth. sth. cost sb. some money. It takes sb. some money to do sth. 18 take place \happen take place 有计划发生 Happen 偶然，多是不好的事   Sth happen to sb /sth take place (都无被动） 19 被动语态 当主语是动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 结构为be+pp.(强:一感二听三让四看主动语态不带to ,被动语态还原to.)  His father made him do his homework for three   hours.=He was made to do his homework for three hours. 家乡的变化 开门见山：过去的情况 方面一：如交通等 方面二：如环境等 现在的变化 与过去的几方面分别或综合对比 方面三：如教育等 感想和打算等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$