寒假作业09 过去分词作表语和状语 选修二 Unit 4-【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题09 过去分词作表语和状语 选修二 Unit 4 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、过去分词作表语的用法 考点二、过去分词作状语的用法 考点三、过去分词作表语和作状语的区别 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 过去分词作表语的用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去分词作表语时，其作用相当于形容词，用于说明主语的状态或特征，通常与系动词（如 be, get, become, look, seem, feel, sound, taste, remain 等）连用。 2. 构成 ：动词的过去分词形式。 3. 用法及例句 表示主语的心理或情感状态： I'm interested in this book. （我对这本书感兴趣。）其中 interested 是过去分词作表语，表示主语 “I” 的情感状态。 表示主语所处的状态或情况： The door remained locked. （门仍然锁着。） locked 说明门的状态。 用于描述主语的外观或特征： The city looks damaged after the earthquake. （地震后这座城市看起来受损了。） damaged 描述城市的外观特征。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. The children were ______ after the long journey. A. tiring B. tired C. being tired D. to be tired 答案：B 解析：tired 表示 “感到疲倦的”，用来形容人的状态，作表语，而 tiring 表示 “令人疲倦的”，用来形容事物，所以选 B。 2. The story sounds ______. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. to interest 答案：A 解析：interesting 表示 “有趣的”，用来描述 story 的特征，作表语，interested 通常用来形容人对某事感兴趣，所以选 A。 3. The cup is ______. I need to buy a new one. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 答案：C 解析：broken 表示 “破碎的”，说明杯子的状态，作表语，所以选 C。 4. She looks ______ in her new dress. A. beautifully B. beauty C. to be beautiful D. beautiful 答案：D 解析：look 在这里是系动词，后接形容词作表语，beautiful 是形容词，所以选 D。 5. The result of the exam was ______. He was disappointed. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. disappoint D. to disappoint 答案：A 解析：disappointing 表示 “令人失望的”，用来描述 result 的性质，作表语，disappointed 通常用来形容人感到失望，所以选 A。 二、填空题 1. After hours of negotiation, the terms of the contract seemed finally ________ (settle), and both parties were ready to sign. 答案：settled 解析：句意为 “经过数小时的谈判，合同条款似乎最终确定下来，双方都准备签字”。seem 为系动词，过去分词 settled 作表语，说明 the terms of the contract（合同条款）的状态，即已确定的状态。 2. The audience was left ________ (astonish) by the magician's incredible performance that defied all logic. 答案：astonished 解析：意思是 “观众被魔术师那不可思议、违背所有逻辑的表演惊呆了”。be left 后接形容词作表语，过去分词 astonished 表示观众所处的心理状态，即感到惊讶的。 3. The students were ______ (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person. 答案：thrilled 解析：句意为 “学生们得知将有机会亲自见到一位著名科学家，感到非常激动”。were 是系动词，thrilled（激动的）作表语，表达学生们的心理状态，说明学生们处于激动的情绪之中。 4. The old castle, once magnificent, now appeared rather ________ (neglect) with broken walls and overgrown weeds. 答案：neglected 解析：“这座古老的城堡，曾经宏伟壮观，现在因墙壁破损、杂草丛生而显得相当荒废”。appear 是系动词，过去分词 neglected 作表语，体现城堡当前呈现出的被忽视、荒废的状态。 5. The situation in the region has become increasingly ______ (complicate), with multiple factors interacting in unexpected ways. 答案：complicated 解析：句子意思为 “该地区的局势变得越来越复杂，多种因素以意想不到的方式相互作用”。become 为系动词，complicated（复杂的）作表语，用于描述 situation（局势）的状态，表明局势处于复杂的状态。 过去分词作状的用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去分词作状语时，它在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 2. 构成 ：动词的过去分词形式。 3. 用法及例句 表示时间 ： Seen from the top of the hill, the city is very beautiful. （从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。）这里 Seen 表示 “ 在被看的时候 ” ，作时间状语，其逻辑主语是 the city 。 表示原因 ： Absorbed in his work, he didn't notice me come in. （因为他专注于工作，所以没有注意到我进来。） Absorbed 表示原因，逻辑主语是 he 。 表示条件 ： Given more time, we could do it better. （如果给我们更多时间，我们可以做得更好。） Given 表示条件，逻辑主语是 we 。 表示让步 ： Though defeated, he didn't lose heart. （尽管被打败了，他并没有灰心。） defeated 表示让步，逻辑主语是 he 。 表示伴随 ： She walked into the room, followed by her little dog. （她走进房间，后面跟着她的小狗。） followed 表示伴随情况，逻辑主语是 she 。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Lost C. Having lost D. To lose 答案：B 解析：lost in thought 表示 “陷入沉思”，是固定搭配，lost 作原因状语，其逻辑主语是 he，所以选 B。 2. ______ from space, the earth looks like a blue ball. A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see 答案：C 解析：地球是被看，seen 表示 “被看的时候”，作时间状语，逻辑主语是 the earth，所以选 C。 3. ______ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 答案：D 解析：trees 是 “被给予关注”，given 表示条件，逻辑主语是 the trees，所以选 D。 4. ______ by his friends, he finally changed his mind. A. Persuaded B. Persuading C. To persuade D. Having persuaded 答案：A 解析：他是 “被朋友说服”，persuaded 作原因状语，逻辑主语是 he，所以选 A。 5. The teacher came into the classroom, ______ by his students. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. having followed 答案：B 解析：老师是 “被学生跟着”，followed 表示伴随情况，逻辑主语是 the teacher，所以选 B。 二、填空题 6. ______ (compare) with last year, our sales have increased a lot. 答案：Compared 解析：our sales 与 compare 之间是被动关系，“与…… 相比” 用 compared，作条件状语。 7. ______ (equip) with the latest technology, the factory can produce high - quality products efficiently. 答案：Equipped 解析：句意为 “配备了最新的技术，这家工厂能够高效地生产高质量产品”。“the factory” 和 “equip” 是被动关系，即工厂被配备技术，过去分词 Equipped 作条件状语，说明工厂能够高效生产的条件是配备了新技术。 8. ______ (heat) to a certain temperature, water can turn into steam. 答案：Heated 解析：water 是 “被加热”，heated 作条件状语。 9. The dog lay on the ground, ______ (injure) in a traffic accident. 答案：injured 解析：“这只狗躺在地上，在一场交通事故中受伤了”。过去分词 injured 作伴随状语，与句子主语 “the dog” 是被动关系，描述狗躺在地上时伴随的受伤状态。 10. ______ (expose) to the sun for too long, the flowers will die. 答案：Exposed 解析：flowers 是 “被暴露在阳光下”，exposed 作条件状语。 过去分词作表语和作状语的区别 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 语法功能不同 ： 作表语时，过去分词与系动词一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态或特征，是句子的核心成分之一。例如： The glass is broken. （玻璃碎了。） broken 作表语，和 is 共同构成谓语。 作状语时，过去分词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中起副词的作用，不是句子的核心成分。例如： Excited by the news, he jumped up. （因为这个消息很激动，他跳了起来。） Excited 作原因状语，修饰动词 jumped 。 2. 与主语的关系不同 ： 作表语时，过去分词与主语之间是一种主系表的关系，说明主语的性质或状态。例如： The man seems tired. （这个人看起来很累。） tired 与 the man 是主系表关系。 作状语时，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即主语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。例如： Hit by the car, the boy was badly injured. （这个男孩被车撞了，伤得很重。） the boy 是 hit 这个动作的承受者。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. The window is ______. It needs repairing. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 答案：C 解析：这里 broken 作表语，说明窗户的状态是破碎的，如果选 breaking 则表示 “正在破碎”，不符合语境，所以选 C。 2. ______ in the accident, the car was badly damaged. A. Involving B. Involved C. To involve D. Having involved 答案：B 解析：car 是 “被卷入事故”，involved 作原因状语，而不是作表语，如果作表语应该是 The car is involved. 所以选 B。 3. The man looked ______ when he heard the news. A. worry B. worrying C. worried D. to worry 答案：C 解析：worried 作表语，说明人的状态是 “担忧的”，如果用 worrying 则表示 “令人担忧的”，不符合语境，所以选 C。 4. ______ by the noise, the baby woke up. A. Frightening B. Frightened C. To frighten D. Having frightened 答案：B 解析：baby 是 “被噪音吓到”，frightened 作原因状语，而不是作表语，如果作表语应该是 The baby is frightened. 所以选 B。 5. The door remained ______ all night. A. close B. closing C. to close D. closed 答案：D 解析：closed 作表语，说明门的状态是 “关闭的”，如果选 closing 则表示 “正在关闭”，不符合语境，所以选 D。 二、改错题 6. The boy was exciting when he saw the new toys. ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 exciting 改为 excited 解析：这里应该用 excited 作表语，表示男孩的心理状态是 “兴奋的”，exciting 表示 “令人兴奋的”，用来形容事物。 7. Lost in the forest, a guide found them. ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 Lost 改为 Finding 解析：这里逻辑主语是 a guide，应该是 “a guide 发现他们”，用 finding 作伴随状语，而不是 lost。 8. The book is bored. I don't want to read it. ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 bored 改为 boring 解析：这里应该用 boring 作表语，表示书的特征是 “无聊的”，bored 通常用来形容人感到无聊。 9. Having not been informed of the change of the meeting time, Tom arrived late. ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 Having not 改为 Not having 解析：Tom 是 “被通知”，要用被动形式，且非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加 not，所以应是 Not having been informed，作原因状语，表明 Tom 迟到的原因是没被通知到会议时间的改变。 10. The girl was interesting in the story. ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 interesting 改为 interested 解析：这里应该用 interested 作表语，表示女孩对故事感兴趣，interesting 表示 “有趣的”，用来形容故事。 一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。 The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, 1 is based on the novel of 2 same name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day. After learning the sun is dying out ,people all around the world feel 3 (panic),so they build giant planet thrusters(星球推进器)to move the earth out of its orbit and sail 4 to a new star system. The 2500 years’ journey comes with unexpected dangers, but in order to save humanity, a group of young people come out bravely and fight hard for everyone’s 5 (survive)。 We 6 (impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesn’t particularly show somebody’s ability to save our world 7 shows all the human beings are working together, 8 (spare)no effort to save this world. The Wandering Earth is seen by people 9 the dawn(开端) of Chinese science fiction movies. It means that China’s sci-fi movies have 10 (official) set sail. 【答案】 1．which 2．the 3．panicked 4．it 5．survival 6．are impressed 7．but 8．sparing 9．as 10．officially 【分析】本文是一篇电影介绍。文章介绍了根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影《流浪的地球》。 1．考查定语从句。句意：《流浪的地球》是根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影。此处movie是先行词，指物，后面的非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为which。 2．考查定冠词the。句意：《流浪的地球》是根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影。此处特指“相同的名字”，所以在same前用定冠词the，故答案为the。 3．考查过去分词作表语。句意：在得知太阳即将灭绝后，世界各地的人们都感到恐慌。此处表示“感到惊慌”，修饰人，所以用加ed的形容词作表语，故答案为panicked。 4．考查it用法。句意：所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器，把地球从轨道上移开，把它带到一个新的恒星系统。此处用it指代上文的the earth，故答案为it。 5．考查词形转换。句意：但为了拯救人类，一群年轻人勇敢地站出来，为每个人的生存而努力奋斗。名词所有格后面用名词形式，survive的名词形式是survival。故答案为survival。 6．考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：我们对这部电影的主题印象深刻。此处句子主语we和impress之间是被动关系，结合句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，且主语是复数。故答案为are impressed。 7．考查并列连词。句意：它并没有特别显示某人的能力来拯救我们的世界，而是显示了所有人都在一起努力，不遗余力地拯救这个世界。固定搭配：not---but“不是---而是---”。故答案为but。 8．考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：它并没有特别显示某人的能力来拯救我们的世界，而是显示了所有人都在一起努力，不遗余力地拯救这个世界。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为sparing。 9．考查介词。句意：《漫游地球》被人们视为中国科幻电影的开山之作。固定搭配：see---as“把------看作------”。故答案为as。 10．考查词形转换。句意：这意味着中国科幻电影正式启航。此处set是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为officially。 阅读下面短文，在空自处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 I will never forget the day when I went to a coming-of age ceremony. Last month, an unforgettable adult ceremony 1 (hold) for all the senior 3 students in our school. It began at half past two in the afternoon. Decorated by colorful flowers and balloons, the stadium looked 2 (fantastic) beautiful. All of us students were dressed 3 school uniforms with red ribbons on our wrists, showing the energy of youth. We walked into the stadium in high spirits. 4 (accompany) by our parents. Our principal delivered 5 inspiring speech at first, and we received 6 (congratulate) from our teachers. During the ceremony, we expressed our heart-felt gratitude to our parents by 7 (bow) to them. I was moved to tears when I got a photo album from my parents, 8 reminded me of my happy childhood. In the end, we raised our right hands and 9 (make) a serious promise to become reliable and honest citizens. As far as I’m concerned, the ceremony indicates that we should take on more responsibilities to be 10 (independence) and get away from the shelter of our family. 【答案】 1．was held 2．fantastically 3．in 4．accompanied 5．an 6．congratulations 7．bowing 8．which 9．made 10．independent 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者成人典礼的过程以及它给作者带来的感悟。 1．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：上个月，一场令人难忘的高三成人礼在我校举行。an unforgettable adult ceremony（主语）与hold（谓语）是被动，last month是过去时间状语，故填was held。 2．考查副词。句意：运动场看起来极其漂亮。要用副词修饰形容词beautiful，故填fantastically。 3．考查介词。句意：我们所有同学都穿着校服。be dressed in…穿着……，故填in。 4．考查过去分词。句意：我们在父母的陪伴下，情绪高昂地走进运动场。walked为句子的谓语，所以accompany为非谓语，We与accompany是被动，故填Accompanied。 5．考查不定冠词。句意：我们的校长发表了鼓舞人心的演讲。deliver a speech做演讲。在本句中speech被inspiring修饰，且inspiring第一个音素为元音，故填an。 6．考查名词复数。句意：我们收到了老师们的祝贺。Congratulations贺词，祝贺，故填Congratulations。 7．考查动名词。句意：我们通过鞠躬的方式向我们的父母表达了衷心地感谢。by doing sth通过做某事，故填bowing。 8．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：当我从父母手中接过一本影集时，它让我想起了我快乐的童年，我感动地流下了眼泪。句子的先行词为a photo album from my parents，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词可选that或which。又因为定语从句前有逗号，判断为非限制性定语从句，不选that，而选which，故填which。 9．考查一般过去时。句意：我们举起了我们的右手，庄严宣誓成为一名诚实守信的公民。and 连接谓语动词raised和made，故填made。 10．考查形容词。句意：……仪式表明我们应该承担更多的责任，独立自主，远离家庭的庇护。be后面用形容词，故填independent。 【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要，在小题4中可以很好地体现，在确定句子谓语是walked后，我们判断出accompany是非谓语，再判断出句子主语we与accompany是被动，所以用过去分词，故accompanied 为正确答案。 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as 1 (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixar’s latest animation, 2 hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018. 3 (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the film’s production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has 4 unforgettable and adventurous night. It’s in this magical world 5 Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 6 (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible. While told with a wild imagination, the story 7 (convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 8 (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation ( 谄媚), teaching kids 9 (preserve) and respect the memory of  their elders while reminding them that the source of true creativity is so often 10 (person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety. 【答案】 1．remarkably 2．which 3．Inspired 4．an 5．that 6．disappearing 7．conveys 8．celebrities 9．to preserve 10．personal 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作《寻梦环游记》的内容、场景以及所想传达给观众的意义。 1．考查副词。句意：但是几乎没有几部电影能描写的像寻梦环游记这样引人注目。空格处单词处于as…as结构中，一般填形容词或副词的原级形式。由于空格处单词修饰动词done，所以应用副词形式。故填remarkably。 2．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：寻梦环游记是迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的最新的动画巨作，它在11月24日上映并且赢得了2018年奥斯卡奖。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Coco（指物），从句缺少主语，故填which。 3．考查过去分词作状语。句意：受墨西哥亡灵节的启发，制作团队创作了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩。这句话谓语动词为created，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。这句话的主语the film’s production team与inspire之间是被动关系，故填过去分词Inspired. 4．考查不定冠词。句意：在那儿的时候，米格尔度过了一个难忘的又充满危险的晚上。这里的一个晚上前边没有提到过，是泛指，且unforgettable是以元音音素开始的，故填an。 5．考查强调句。句意：就是在这个有魔力的世界里，米格尔遇到了并发现了关于他祖爷爷的真相。这是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是“It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)...”，这句话中强调的是地点状语，故填that。 6．考查动名词作宾语。句意：为保护祖爷爷不消失，米格尔必须尽可能早的将他的照片带回有生命的世界。“protect…from…”意为“保护……免遭……”，其中from为介词，其后一般跟动名词或名词作宾语。disappear（消失）是动词，所以空格处填动名词形式，故填disappearing。 7．考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：尽管这个故事是以无边的想象的形式讲述的，但是这个故事传达了清晰而温暖的信息。这篇文章整体是以现在时为主的，所以这句话应使用一般现在时。the story是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填conveys。 8．考查可数名词的复数形式。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名流吸引的时代，寻梦环游记揭露了这种谄媚的空虚，一方面教给孩子珍藏并尊重关于老人的记忆，一方面让他们知道真正的想象力经常是很私人的。由于这题空格位于介词by后，空格后没有其他名词，所以空格处应填名词形式。“celebrity（名人）”是可数名词，且其前没有冠词之类的限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填celebrities。 9．考查不定式做宾补。句意同上。“and”前后连接两个并列的成份，且只有两个不定式并列式才可以省去第二个不定式的to使用动词原形，所以空格处填t不定式。且“teach sb. to do sth.”是一个固定搭配，意为“教某人做某事”，故填to preserve。 10．考查形容词。句意同上。空格处位于be动词后作表语，应用形容词形式。故填personal。 一、语法填空 （2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 1 (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 2 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 3 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】1．was named 2．asked 3．who 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。 1．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 2．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 3．考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 【点睛】 （2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 1 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 2 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 3 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】1．seen 2．cities 3．has established 【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。 1．考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 2．考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 【点睛】 二、阅读理解 （2024·新课标II卷·高考真题）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章倒数第二段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 【点睛】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 3 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 1．上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 2．上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 3．下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 4．下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 5．上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 【点睛】 三、书面表达 （2023·全国·高考真题）  阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice. What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】      A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!” I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者上中学的时候，社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛。作者不喜欢写作，于是想都没想就拒绝了。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者同意试一试。作者在写作过程中虽然很累，但是没有放弃，坚持下来了。在作者最终完成写作时，作者感到写作让他很快乐，他已经不在乎输赢了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。”和第二段首句“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第一段可描写作者获得比赛一等奖，在颁奖典礼上作者表达了对社会老师的感激。 ②由第二段首句内容“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写老师鼓励作者继续写作，自此作者坚持写作取得了成功，作者将这一切归功于自己的老师。 2.续写线索：比赛消息传来——作者获奖——高兴——颁奖典礼感谢老师——颁奖后来到老师办公室——老师告诉作者坚持写作——作者表达了对写作的喜爱——作者写作取得了成功——感激老师 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①告知：inform/tell ②成功做到：make it/succeed ③表达：express/convey 情绪类 ①高兴的：happy/glad ②激动地：excitedly/with excitement 【点睛】[高分句型1]  I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. （运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.（运用了强调句） [高分句型3] I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） ( 13 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 过去分词作表语和状语 选修二 Unit 4 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、过去分词作表语的用法 考点二、过去分词作状语的用法 考点三、过去分词作表语和作状语的区别 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 过去分词作表语的用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去分词作表语时，其作用相当于形容词，用于说明主语的状态或特征，通常与系动词（如 be, get, become, look, seem, feel, sound, taste, remain 等）连用。 2. 构成 ：动词的过去分词形式。 3. 用法及例句 表示主语的心理或情感状态： I'm interested in this book. （我对这本书感兴趣。）其中 interested 是过去分词作表语，表示主语 “I” 的情感状态。 表示主语所处的状态或情况： The door remained locked. （门仍然锁着。） locked 说明门的状态。 用于描述主语的外观或特征： The city looks damaged after the earthquake. （地震后这座城市看起来受损了。） damaged 描述城市的外观特征。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. The children were ______ after the long journey. A. tiring B. tired C. being tired D. to be tired 2. The story sounds ______. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. to interest 3. The cup is ______. I need to buy a new one. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 4. She looks ______ in her new dress. A. beautifully B. beauty C. to be beautiful D. beautiful 5. The result of the exam was ______. He was disappointed. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. disappoint D. to disappoint 二、填空题 1. After hours of negotiation, the terms of the contract seemed finally ________ (settle), and both parties were ready to sign. 2. The audience was left ________ (astonish) by the magician's incredible performance that defied all logic. 3. The students were ______ (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person. 4. The old castle, once magnificent, now appeared rather ________ (neglect) with broken walls and overgrown weeds. 5. The situation in the region has become increasingly ______ (complicate), with multiple factors interacting in unexpected ways. 过去分词作状的用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去分词作状语时，它在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 2. 构成 ：动词的过去分词形式。 3. 用法及例句 表示时间 ： Seen from the top of the hill, the city is very beautiful. （从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。）这里 Seen 表示 “ 在被看的时候 ” ，作时间状语，其逻辑主语是 the city 。 表示原因 ： Absorbed in his work, he didn't notice me come in. （因为他专注于工作，所以没有注意到我进来。） Absorbed 表示原因，逻辑主语是 he 。 表示条件 ： Given more time, we could do it better. （如果给我们更多时间，我们可以做得更好。） Given 表示条件，逻辑主语是 we 。 表示让步 ： Though defeated, he didn't lose heart. （尽管被打败了，他并没有灰心。） defeated 表示让步，逻辑主语是 he 。 表示伴随 ： She walked into the room, followed by her little dog. （她走进房间，后面跟着她的小狗。） followed 表示伴随情况，逻辑主语是 she 。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Lost C. Having lost D. To lose 2. ______ from space, the earth looks like a blue ball. A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see 3. ______ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 4. ______ by his friends, he finally changed his mind. A. Persuaded B. Persuading C. To persuade D. Having persuaded 5. The teacher came into the classroom, ______ by his students. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. having followed 二、填空题 6. ______ (compare) with last year, our sales have increased a lot. 7. ______ (equip) with the latest technology, the factory can produce high - quality products efficiently. 8. ______ (heat) to a certain temperature, water can turn into steam. 9. The dog lay on the ground, ______ (injure) in a traffic accident. 10. ______ (expose) to the sun for too long, the flowers will die. 过去分词作表语和作状语的区别 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 语法功能不同 ： 作表语时，过去分词与系动词一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态或特征，是句子的核心成分之一。例如： The glass is broken. （玻璃碎了。） broken 作表语，和 is 共同构成谓语。 作状语时，过去分词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中起副词的作用，不是句子的核心成分。例如： Excited by the news, he jumped up. （因为这个消息很激动，他跳了起来。） Excited 作原因状语，修饰动词 jumped 。 2. 与主语的关系不同 ： 作表语时，过去分词与主语之间是一种主系表的关系，说明主语的性质或状态。例如： The man seems tired. （这个人看起来很累。） tired 与 the man 是主系表关系。 作状语时，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即主语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。例如： Hit by the car, the boy was badly injured. （这个男孩被车撞了，伤得很重。） the boy 是 hit 这个动作的承受者。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. The window is ______. It needs repairing. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 2. ______ in the accident, the car was badly damaged. A. Involving B. Involved C. To involve D. Having involved 3. The man looked ______ when he heard the news. A. worry B. worrying C. worried D. to worry 4. ______ by the noise, the baby woke up. A. Frightening B. Frightened C. To frighten D. Having frightened 5. The door remained ______ all night. A. close B. closing C. to close D. closed 二、改错题 6. The boy was exciting when he saw the new toys. ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Lost in the forest, a guide found them. ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. The book is bored. I don't want to read it. ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Having not been informed of the change of the meeting time, Tom arrived late. ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. The girl was interesting in the story. ______________________________________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。 The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, 1 is based on the novel of 2 same name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day. After learning the sun is dying out ,people all around the world feel 3 (panic),so they build giant planet thrusters(星球推进器)to move the earth out of its orbit and sail 4 to a new star system. The 2500 years’ journey comes with unexpected dangers, but in order to save humanity, a group of young people come out bravely and fight hard for everyone’s 5 (survive)。 We 6 (impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesn’t particularly show somebody’s ability to save our world 7 shows all the human beings are working together, 8 (spare)no effort to save this world. The Wandering Earth is seen by people 9 the dawn(开端) of Chinese science fiction movies. It means that China’s sci-fi movies have 10 (official) set sail. 阅读下面短文，在空自处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 I will never forget the day when I went to a coming-of age ceremony. Last month, an unforgettable adult ceremony 1 (hold) for all the senior 3 students in our school. It began at half past two in the afternoon. Decorated by colorful flowers and balloons, the stadium looked 2 (fantastic) beautiful. All of us students were dressed 3 school uniforms with red ribbons on our wrists, showing the energy of youth. We walked into the stadium in high spirits. 4 (accompany) by our parents. Our principal delivered 5 inspiring speech at first, and we received 6 (congratulate) from our teachers. During the ceremony, we expressed our heart-felt gratitude to our parents by 7 (bow) to them. I was moved to tears when I got a photo album from my parents, 8 reminded me of my happy childhood. In the end, we raised our right hands and 9 (make) a serious promise to become reliable and honest citizens. As far as I’m concerned, the ceremony indicates that we should take on more responsibilities to be 10 (independence) and get away from the shelter of our family. 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as 1 (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixar’s latest animation, 2 hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018. 3 (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the film’s production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has 4 unforgettable and adventurous night. It’s in this magical world 5 Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 6 (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible. While told with a wild imagination, the story 7 (convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 8 (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation ( 谄媚), teaching kids 9 (preserve) and respect the memory of  their elders while reminding them that the source of true creativity is so often 10 (person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety. 一、语法填空 （2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 1 (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 2 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 3 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. （2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 1 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 2 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 3 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 二、阅读理解 （2024·新课标II卷·高考真题）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 3 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 三、书面表达 （2023·全国·高考真题）  阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice. What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$