专题08 连词when固定搭配的用法-【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题08 连词when固定搭配的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 连词when固定搭配的基本用法 考点二 仿写句式之连词when固定搭配 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 连词when固定搭配的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 连词when在高中英语学习中非常活跃。历年来的高考试题中，它也频频亮相。下面就连词when的用法做一个归纳总结，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。 1.课本经典句式 （1）I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. (人教版2019必修一Unit 4) 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 （2）The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. (人教版2019必修三Unit 3) 第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船这时发现了我。 2.连词when固定搭配 （1）be doing...when... 正在做……这时……               He was reading newspapers  when he heard his name called. 他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。 （2）had just done...when... 刚做完某事……这时…… He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.  他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。 （3）be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时……  She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.  她正要离开，这时我来了。 （4）be about to do...when...正要做……这时…… I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.  我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。 3.注意： （1）when在句中作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and then, and at that time。 （2）语法填空中对该句型的考查，有时会考查前半部分中用所给动词的形式，有时考查句型中的when。 要正确解答，需读完整个完整的句子。 1. I ________(drive) home at night when my car lost momentum（冲力）and got slower and slower. 2. I was about to cook my supper ________ the telephone rang, but it hung up before I could answer it. 3.One afternoon last summer, I was driving along on my way home ________ I noticed a woman at the roadside near the edge of town.   4. I was about ________(give) up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. 5. The agent was about to sign his name on the document________, to our surprise, a stranger broke in to prevent him. 6.I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 7.Henry  (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 8.Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird. 9.The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag ________ the bus suddenly stopped.   10.I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 仿写句式之连词when固定搭配 【知识积累·练前热身】 在新高考卷中，写作两部分（应用文+读后续写）总共40分，分值将近占总分的三分之一。想要在写作部分不落后，新颖独特的高级句式能够让我们的作文在众多作文中脱颖而出。对于我们高一学生而言，连词when固定搭配可以纳入宝库。用于读后续写中进行场景描写，非常生动形象，有画面感。例如，有关野外冒险的读后续写，I was concentrating on photographing the amazing scene when I had a feeling that a bear was staring at me. （我正集中精力拍摄美景，这时我突然感觉到一只熊正盯着我。）在读后续写中这是一个很好的高级句式，要经常尝试使用，做到熟练运用。 1.I attentively when someone the classroom without the teacher’s permission. 我正在专心地上英语课，突然有人未经老师允许就跑出了教室。 2. We  when the fire . 我们刚做完作业,就在此时火灾发生了. 3.I when my mother came in. 我正打算把所有东西扔掉这时我妈妈进来了。 4. I was on the point of leaving for work . 我正要去上班，突然意识到我把钥匙弄丢了。 5.He when a gentle breeze started to blow. 他正在树下读书，这时一阵微风开始吹拂。 6.I had just gone to bed after a very hard day . 7.He  when it began to rain.  他正要出去时天下起雨来了。 8.I along the river when I heard someone . 我正沿着河边散步这时我突然听到有人呼救。 9.He   when the teacher came in． 他刚跑进教室，这时老师来了。 10.The children when a strange noise caught their attention. 孩子们正在院子里玩耍，这时一个奇怪的声音引起了他们的注意。 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Maverick Oyao,an art student at Western Mindanao State University in the Philippines. He recently made news headlines around the world after___1___ his sister with a one of-a-kind prom (毕业舞会) dress that he made by hand. It all started earlier this month. when he learned that his sister Keanna wanted to___2___ the upcoming prom in February.___3___，renting a dress suitable for such a(n)___4___ was very expensive. Their parents simply couldn't___5___ it. Since she was in her final year of junior high-school, she still___6___ . Determined to make his sister's prom a memorable one, Maverick decided to make her a___7___ princess dress himself, The problem was that Maverick had no___8___making dresses, but after some learning, he eventually decided that his sister's happiness was worth the___9___ . He started looking at Spring and Summer collections as____10____ for Keanna's dress design, and later admitted that the creations of famous Filipino designers influenced him the most. Despite____11____ any dress making experience, Maverick managed to turn the pencil-drawn design into a reality. The fairy-tale blue dress he made for his sister____12____ her beautifully, and even though she didn't win the Best Dress award at prom, it certainly ____13____ a lot of attention. And when Maverick____14____ pictures of the dress on social media, along with the story of how it came to be. it spread quickly online. Keanna's prom was on Valentine's Day, but photos of her wearing the dress are still popular online, and for many it has become a modern____15____ of brotherly love. 1. A. surprising B. decorating C. greeting D. adjusting 2. A. start B. host C. attend D. organize 3. A. Therefore B. Suddenly C. Unfortunately D. Hardly 4. A. meeting B. event C. accident D. concert 5. A. admire B. question C. borrow D. afford 6. A. insisted B. managed C. hesitated D. argued 7. A. gentle B. cheap C. unique D. virtual 8. A. trouble B. use C. point D. experience 9. A. effort B. material C. design D. money 10. A. mission B. inspiration C. selection D. application 11. A. gaining B. broadening C. lacking D. ignoring 12. A. impressed B. proved C. supported D. fit 13. A. attracted B. paid C. divided D. focused 14. A. sent B. posted C. lent D. exchanged 15. A. role B. belief C. time D. symbol 二、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Rescue workers had collected 820 birds from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the majority of them already dead. The current spill promises to be the largest in US history, and as cleanup efforts stretch across the summer, it's clear that more oiled birds will be found, stuck and suffering in the black stick liquid. And as they do with every oil spill, rescue workers will go to great lengths to capture and clean the survivors hoping to restore them to their natural habitat. Is it worth the effort? Some scientists aren't so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option. Clean bird feathers repel water (防水) and regulate body temperature while dirty ones don't. Oil in particular makes feathers heavier and decreases their ability to trap air, which in turn makes birds weak and become easier to drowning, overheating and organ damage. Of course, being captured and cleaned is no picnic either. Some birds wind up returning to their destroyed habitats only to fall victim to the oil again. And those who manage to avoid a second oil bath suffer dramatically shortened life spans (跨度) and lower reproductive success. Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity. However, bird rescuers say they have learned a lot about how to best help oil-soaked birds, and that therefore, survival rates stand to increase this time around. In the past, birds were cleaned right away, and volunteers often worked through the night bathing rescued birds. But now, captured birds are left to rest for a day or two before being cleaned, and only washed during the day, so as not to disrupt their circadian (生理的) rhythms. But part of that increase may be due to greater selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) or don't look like they're going to make it are put down right away, rather than subjected to the stress of captivity and cleaning. And so far, while release rates may be improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival, especially for the more-difficult-to-save species. There still aren't good protocols (协议) for repairing the internal organ damage. Anyway, rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals. 1.Why do some scientists doubt the effort to rescue oiled birds? A.Because it has cost too much time and money. B.Because human may be infected with the bird virus. C.Because it is torture followed by death to birds. D.Because migrant birds may broaden the pollution. 2.The case of Spain coast spill is mentioned to indicate ________. A.thousands of birds were polluted by oil B.the survival rate of oiled birds was very low C.the efforts to rescue oiled birds were ineffective D.captivity is an impractical method to rescue binds 3.Why do the survival rates of oiled birds increase? A.Oiled birds are kept in warm water for one or two days B.The second cleaning of the oiled birds in daytime is not permitted C.The rescuers often select the birds that are likely to survive D.Hydrocarbons are removed to rescue the oiled birds 4.Why does oiled birds' rescue remain a controversial problem? A.Oiled birds' internal organ damage is permanent. B.Euthanasia is a difficult and heart-aching operation. C.The more-difficult-to-save species will die by cleaning. D.The rescue is oiled birds' suffering while seeing them die is cruel. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Seventy-one-year-old retired judge, Leon,    1  (drive) his car one day last March when he suddenly had a heart attack. He later learned that someone had offered him first-aid    2   (treat). Soon after he recovered, Leon was    3   (determine) to thank the person who saved him. Searching the records of people who called 911 that day, Leon found that he was saved by a lady    4   (name) Susie Powell. “I was on my way to the office when I saw that he curled up in   5   (he) seat,” recalled Powell. Luckily for Leon, Powell had just completed a course in first aid. She immediately applied her first-aid knowledge  6    practice. She called 911. Then she got him out of the car and laid him    7   (mild) on his back. Two weeks after the incident, the two met for lunch. Leon told Powell about his wide   8   (interest) in his spare time. When Leon asked   9   he could do to thank her, Powell said he didn’t need to do anything. However,   10   idea came into Leon’s mind. He would sponsor a poor child’s education in Powell’s name. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A bunch of strangers showed up at the gym in the early morning of the last Sunday of April. A few athletes were already stretching their arms, but most of us could barely focus. As I was burning off last night's wrong decision—a big meal, I spotted a poster about a gym's 21-day workout challenge, and I immediately signed up. I always wanted to train for a marathon, so I considered this as my warm-up. Besides, I needed to stop being lazy and this was my chance to make a change. It was easy to promise on paper, but three weeks of recommended exercise routines and diet restrictions wouldn't be easy. I stuck to working out 30 minutes a day, and I didn't disturb my normal routine. Instead, I had to be faced with the tough work of being more creative in my spare time, thus breaking some bad habits. Overcoming weaknesses with willpower was my goal for the next part of the journey. But the difficult part about making a challenge is realizing that "wanting" and "doing" are two very different things. Just like a career, you have to physically work for it rather than just wait for it to happen. But that's hard. Throughout the 21 days, I often told myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried to sabotage myself from exercising. However, finally I overcame that negative thought and kept working out. At the end of the challenge, I learned something even more important: Feeling the results is better than seeing them. I had fewer headaches and more energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little smarter as I researched which foods were better for my body, and learned how to make healthier meals. I felt a sense of accomplishment, too, because even though I wanted to give up dozens of times, I didn't. I felt my waist got smaller and my arms got stronger, and I no longer felt guilty after having a piece of cake or a drink. 1.What was the author's wrong decision? A.Going to the gym early. B. Training for a marathon. C.Eating a lot the previous night. D. Stopping being lazy for a change. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A.Some of the author's bad habits. B.Some ways of the author's killing his spare time. C.The importance of sticking to the normal daily routine. D.The difficulty of the author's keeping on with the workout plan. 3.What does the underlined word "sabotage" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Prevent. B.Hear. C.Improve. D.Distinguish. 4.What did the author learn from the workout challenge? A.Eating healthy food is more important than exercising. B.Overcoming a challenge could bring good feelings to him. C.It's more important to see what he likes than just feel it. D.There was no need to feel guilty about things he disliked to do. 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tips on How to Be a Successful Student Being a student is not easy. With a new identity, different duties appear. ___1___ In order to live a meaningful and successful life, it is necessary to develop the right habits that help simplify learning and mastering the profession. Increase Your Self-Esteem Do you think that scientists know everything and therefore easily deal with any problems? ___2___ Every day some changes take place in the world. Experts rely on their own knowledge and experience in solving any problem, regardless of its complexity. Imagine yourself a world-class pro who is faced with a certain obstacle. What would you do in his place? Such role-playing games can increase your self-esteem. ___3___ When solving any task, connect all your abilities and feelings. Do not be shy of emotions. In this way you activate the maximum number of cells and muscles, attract the body to work to the maximum. The more feelings and possibilities you connect, the easier it will be to solve the problem. The brain will not only receive information from everywhere but also correctly process, record and use it. Be Active All students can be divided into active and passive. Passive prefer to simply go with the flow. Active people try not only to prepare for each class but also to understand it, fight for self-development. ___4___ This feature allows not only to quickly grasp new things and adapt but also to skillfully use the knowledge gained. Set a Clear Goal Studying at the university, a student must understand why he or she needs it. For this, it is important to set a specific, understandable goal. The goal may be short or long term. After it is achieved, set a new goal and go for it. ___5___ It all depends on the desire of the student. Learn from mistakes The main thing is not to give up after the fall. Analyze the situation, think about what you did wrong, take advantage of this and just go forward. You need to learn from your own mistakes. A. Use All the Senses. B. Pay Attention to Emotions. C. In fact, it is simply impossible to know everything. D. Students, like all people, have both ups and downs. E. The goal may be to successfully finish exams or receive a degree. F. They are ready to participate in all kinds of meetings and competitions. G. You not only have to adapt but also have to finish all the tasks and promises in time. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 My father always told me, "All work is noble. ” He wasn't wealthy, but he earned a quite  1 (reason) living. Thanks to his effort, I was able to go to an art college. I, however, wanted to do something different, something more interesting - I was special! After graduation, I moved to New York  2  search of a graphic designer job. It was winter and I only brought money to support myself for about a month. I wasn't worried-I was sure I'd find a fantastic job immediately. Within a few weeks,  3  (reject) many times in town, I found myself wandering around the streets. My hostel rent was almost gone and I hadn't eaten for days. “How had I reached this point?"  I wondered as I trembled in my thin jacket. I was just about to give up  4  my dad called. He suggested I get a job in a restaurant until something else came along. At first, pride made me hesitate but I was cold, hungry, and unwilling to go home feeling ashamed and defeated. I entered a cafe near one of the design   5  (office) that had turned me away and asked the manager if they were hiring waiters. She said they were shorthanded , and I   6  (offer) a job right away. Surprisingly, I found that I really enjoyed serving people. I started making big tips. Later, the manager learned that I had a design background and asked me to design the cafe menus, That led to a part-time job at an advertising company.   7 (previous) I had never considered   8  (be) a waiter, but there I was. I eventually got my dream design job, but that winter I learned not to make an   9  (assume) about work. The restaurant   10 I once worked will be remembered by me forever. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 1. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 2. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 3. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 4. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. B （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 5. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 6. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 7. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 8. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A.Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____1____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____2____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____3____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____4____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____5____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____1____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____2____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____3____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____4____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____5____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____6____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ____7____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____8____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____9___ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____10___ (want) more next time. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 连词when固定搭配的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 连词when固定搭配的基本用法 考点二 仿写句式之连词when固定搭配 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 连词when固定搭配的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 连词when在高中英语学习中非常活跃。历年来的高考试题中，它也频频亮相。下面就连词when的用法做一个归纳总结，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。 1.课本经典句式 （1）I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. (人教版2019必修一Unit 4) 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 （2）The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. (人教版2019必修三Unit 3) 第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船这时发现了我。 2.连词when固定搭配 （1）be doing...when... 正在做……这时……               He was reading newspapers  when he heard his name called. 他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。 （2）had just done...when... 刚做完某事……这时…… He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.  他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。 （3）be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时……  She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.  她正要离开，这时我来了。 （4）be about to do...when...正要做……这时…… I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.  我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。 3.注意： （1）when在句中作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and then, and at that time。 （2）语法填空中对该句型的考查，有时会考查前半部分中用所给动词的形式，有时考查句型中的when。 要正确解答，需读完整个完整的句子。 1. I ________(drive) home at night when my car lost momentum（冲力）and got slower and slower. 【答案】 was driving 【详解】句意：晚上我正要开车回家，突然我的汽车失去冲力，速度越来越慢。      考查固定搭配be doing... when..，意为“正在做……这时…… ”。句中的lost表明事情发生在过去，应用过去时，故填was driving。                          2. I was about to cook my supper ________ the telephone rang, but it hung up before I could answer it. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我正要去做晚饭,这时电话响了，但我还没来得及接，电话就挂了。 考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be about to do...when..."正要做……，这时……"中的用法。故填when。 3.One afternoon last summer, I was driving along on my way home ________ I noticed a woman at the roadside near the edge of town.   【答案】when    【解析】句意：去年夏天的一个下午，我正沿着回家的路开车行驶时，这时我发现一名妇女在小镇的路边。 考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be doing...when..."正在做……，这时……"中的用法。故填when。 4. I was about ________(give) up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. 【答案】 to give     【解析】句意：我快要放弃的时候，这时我爸爸过来鼓励我继续努力。 考查固定搭配be about to do... when..，意为“正要做……这时…… ”，故填to give。 5. The agent was about to sign his name on the document________, to our surprise, a stranger broke in to prevent him. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：代理人正要在文件上签字，让我们吃惊的是，这时一个陌生人闯进来阳止了他。 考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be about to do...when..表示"正要做某事，这时……"中的用法，故填when。 6.I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回去。 考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配had done...when...表示"刚做完某事，这时……"中的用法，故填when。 7.Henry  (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【答案】was fixing　 【解析】句意：亨利正在修车时，突然听到了尖叫声。 考查固定搭配be doing... when..，意为“正在做……这时…… ”。再根据句中heard可知，用过去进行时；且主语Henry为第三人称单数。故填was fixing。 8.Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：汤姆正要关窗子，这时一只小鸟引起了他的注意。 考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be about to do...when...表示"刚做完某事，这时……"中的用法，故填when。 9.The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag ________ the bus suddenly stopped.   【答案】when 【详解】句意：小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。 考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be on the point of doing...when... “正要做……这时……”中的用法，故填when。 10.I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 【答案】was driving　 【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦时突然发现自己走错了路。 考查固定搭配be doing... when..，意为“正在做……这时…… ”。再根据句中found可知，此时要用过去进行时，主语是I，故填was driving。 仿写句式之连词when固定搭配 【知识积累·练前热身】 在新高考卷中，写作两部分（应用文+读后续写）总共40分，分值将近占总分的三分之一。想要在写作部分不落后，新颖独特的高级句式能够让我们的作文在众多作文中脱颖而出。对于我们高一学生而言，连词when固定搭配可以纳入宝库。用于读后续写中进行场景描写，非常生动形象，有画面感。例如，有关野外冒险的读后续写，I was concentrating on photographing the amazing scene when I had a feeling that a bear was staring at me. （我正集中精力拍摄美景，这时我突然感觉到一只熊正盯着我。）在读后续写中这是一个很好的高级句式，要经常尝试使用，做到熟练运用。 1.I attentively when someone the classroom without the teacher’s permission. 我正在专心地上英语课，突然有人未经老师允许就跑出了教室。 【答案】was having English class; ran out of 【详解】分析原句，“正在上英语课”和“跑出了”两个部分有待翻译。“上英语课”是have English class ，“跑出了”为 run out of。本句考查了be doing...when...句式，前后时态要保持一致，故答案为was having English class与ran out of。 2. We  when the fire . 我们刚做完作业,就在此时火灾发生了. 【答案】had just finished our homework; broke out 【详解】分析原句，“刚做完作业”和“发生”两个部分有待翻译。“做完作业”是finish one’s homework，“（灾难、不幸）发生”为break out。本句考查了had just done...when... 句式，前后时态要保持一致，故答案为had just finished our homework与broke out。 3.I when my mother came in. 我正打算把所有东西扔掉这时我妈妈进来了。 【答案】was about to throw everything away / was on the point of throwing everything away 【详解】分析原句，“正打算把所有东西扔掉”有待翻译。“扔掉”是throw away。本句考查了句式“ 正要做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be about to do...when...或be on the point of doing...when... 。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分came可知，该句是过去时，空白前的主语为I，故答案为was about to throw everything away或was on the point of throwing everything away。 4. I was on the point of leaving for work . 我正要去上班，突然意识到我把钥匙弄丢了。 【答案】when I realized I had lost my keys 【详解】分析原句，“突然意识到我把钥匙丢了”有待翻译。“意识到”是realize；“我把钥匙弄丢了”为I lose my keys。本句考查了be on the point of doing...when...句式，前后时态要保持一致，根据前半部分was可知，该句是过去时，“钥匙弄丢”这一动作发生在“意识”之前，该部分要使用过去完成时，故答案为when I realized I had lost my keys。 5.He when a gentle breeze started to blow. 他正在树下读书，这时一阵微风开始吹拂。 【答案】was reading a book under the tree 【详解】分析原句，“正在树下读书”有待翻译。“读书”是read a book；“在树下”为under the tree。本句考查了be doing...when... 句式，前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分started可知，该句是过去时，空白前的主语是He，故答案为was reading a book under the tree。 6.I had just gone to bed after a very hard day . 在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。 【答案】when the phone rang 【详解】分析原句，“电话铃就响了”有待翻译。“读书”是the telephone rings。本句考查了句式had just done...when... “刚做完某事……这时……”，前后时态要保持一致，根据前半部分had just gone可知，该句是过去时，故答案为when the phone rang。 7.He  when it began to rain.  他正要出去时天下起雨来了。 【答案】was about to go out / was on the point of going out 【详解】分析原句，“正要出去时”有待翻译。“出门”是go out。本句考查了句式“ 正要做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be about to do...when...或be on the point of doing...when... 。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分began可知，该句是过去时，故答案为was about to go out或者was on the point of going out。 8.I along the river when I heard someone . 我正沿着河边散步这时我突然听到有人呼救。 【答案】was walking；calling for help 【详解】分析原句，“正在散步”和“有人呼救”有待翻译。“散步”是walk；“呼救”是call for help。本句考查了句式“ 正在做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be doing...when...。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分heard可知，该句是过去时；“听到某人正在做某事”是hear sb doing sth。故答案为was walking与calling for help。 9.He   when the teacher came in． 他刚跑进教室，这时老师来了。 【答案】had just run into the classroom 【详解】分析原句，“刚跑进教室”有待翻译。“跑进教室”是ran into the classroom。本句考查了句式“ 刚做完某事……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式had just done...when...。前后时态要保持一致，故答案为had just run into the classroom。 10.The children when a strange noise caught their attention. 孩子们正在院子里玩耍，这时一个奇怪的声音引起了他们的注意。 【答案】were playing in the yard 【详解】分析原句，“正在院子里玩耍”有待翻译。“玩耍”是play；“在院子里”是in the yard。本句考查了句式“ 正在做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be doing...when...。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分caught可知，该句是过去时。空白前的主语是children，复数概念，故答案为were playing in the yard。 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Maverick Oyao,an art student at Western Mindanao State University in the Philippines. He recently made news headlines around the world after___1___ his sister with a one of-a-kind prom (毕业舞会) dress that he made by hand. It all started earlier this month. when he learned that his sister Keanna wanted to___2___ the upcoming prom in February.___3___，renting a dress suitable for such a(n)___4___ was very expensive. Their parents simply couldn't___5___ it. Since she was in her final year of junior high-school, she still___6___ . Determined to make his sister's prom a memorable one, Maverick decided to make her a___7___ princess dress himself, The problem was that Maverick had no___8___making dresses, but after some learning, he eventually decided that his sister's happiness was worth the___9___ . He started looking at Spring and Summer collections as____10____ for Keanna's dress design, and later admitted that the creations of famous Filipino designers influenced him the most. Despite____11____ any dress making experience, Maverick managed to turn the pencil-drawn design into a reality. The fairy-tale blue dress he made for his sister____12____ her beautifully, and even though she didn't win the Best Dress award at prom, it certainly ____13____ a lot of attention. And when Maverick____14____ pictures of the dress on social media, along with the story of how it came to be. it spread quickly online. Keanna's prom was on Valentine's Day, but photos of her wearing the dress are still popular online, and for many it has become a modern____15____ of brotherly love. 1. A. surprising B. decorating C. greeting D. adjusting 2. A. start B. host C. attend D. organize 3. A. Therefore B. Suddenly C. Unfortunately D. Hardly 4. A. meeting B. event C. accident D. concert 5. A. admire B. question C. borrow D. afford 6. A. insisted B. managed C. hesitated D. argued 7. A. gentle B. cheap C. unique D. virtual 8. A. trouble B. use C. point D. experience 9. A. effort B. material C. design D. money 10. A. mission B. inspiration C. selection D. application 11. A. gaining B. broadening C. lacking D. ignoring 12. A. impressed B. proved C. supported D. fit 13. A. attracted B. paid C. divided D. focused 14. A. sent B. posted C. lent D. exchanged 15. A. role B. belief C. time D. symbol 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了Maverick给妹妹Keanna亲手制作了一条参加毕业舞会穿的裙子，让他成为了世界各地的新闻头条。文章讲述了他制作裙子的过程，他这一举动成为了兄长之爱的现代象征。【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，他成为了世界各地的新闻头条，因为他亲手制作了一件独一无二的毕业舞会礼服，给了妹妹一个惊喜。A. surprising使惊奇；B. decorating装饰；C. greeting打招呼；D. adjusting调整。根据后文his sister with a one of-a-kind prom dress可知是指用自己亲手做的舞会礼服给了妹妹Keanna 一个惊喜。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都开始于本月初，当时他得知他的妹妹肯纳想参加即将在二月份举行的毕业舞会。A. start开始；B. host主持；C. attend参加；D. organize组织。根据后文the upcoming prom in February可知妹妹想要参加二月份举行的毕业舞会。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，租一件适合这样一个活动的衣服是非常昂贵的。A. Therefore因此；B. Suddenly突然；C. Unfortunately不幸地是；D. Hardly几乎不。结合后文was very expensive可知衣服很贵，父母买不起，所以是不幸地是。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，租一件适合这样一个活动的衣服是非常昂贵的。A. meeting会面；B. event事件；C. accident事故；D. concert音乐会。此处指衣服是用于参加毕业舞会这样的事件（event）。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的父母根本买不起。A. admire钦佩；B. question问题；C. borrow借；D. afford付得起。根据上文提到了衣服贵，说明父母根本支付不起（afford）裙子的费用。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为现在是她初中的最后一年，她仍然坚持。A. insisted坚持；B. managed管理；C. hesitated犹豫；D. argued争论。根据上文Since she was in her final year of junior high-school可知因为是初中最后一年了，所以妹妹坚持要去毕业舞会。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让妹妹的毕业舞会留下深刻的印象，Maverick决定亲自为她制作一件独特的公主礼服。A. gentle温和的；B. cheap便宜的；C. unique独特的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据后文princess dress himself可知Maverick决定亲自为她制作一件独特的公主礼服。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是Maverick没有做衣服的经验，但经过一些学习，他最终决定他妹妹的幸福是值得努力的。A. trouble麻烦；B. use使用；C. point要点；D. experience经历。根据上文The problem was that Maverick had no可知Maverick没有做衣服的经验，这是一个问题。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是Maverick没有做衣服的经验，但经过一些学习，他最终决定他妹妹的幸福是值得努力的。A. effort努力；B. material材料；C. design设计；D. money钱。结合上文but after some learning, he eventually decided that his sister's happiness was worth the可知Maverick虽然没有做衣服的经验，但是他觉得值得为妹妹的快乐幸福而付出努力。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开始寻找春夏系列作为Keanna服装设计的灵感，后来他承认菲律宾著名设计师的设计对他的影响最大。A. mission任务；B. inspiration灵感；C. selection选择；D. application申请。根据上文He started looking at Spring and Summer collections as可知Maverick开始为做衣服寻找灵感，故选B。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏任何服装制作经验，Maverick还是成功地把这个用铅笔画出来的设计变成了现实。A. gaining获得；B. broadening变宽；C. lacking缺乏；D. ignoring忽视。结合上文可知Maverick没有做衣服的经验，因此是缺乏（lacking）服装制作经验。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为妹妹做的那件童话般的蓝色礼服非常适合她，尽管她没有赢得毕业舞会上的最佳礼服奖，但它确实吸引了很多人的注意。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. proved证明；C. supported支持；D. fit适合。根据后文her beautifully可推知Maverick给妹妹做的衣服很适合妹妹。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为妹妹做的那件童话般的蓝色礼服非常适合她，尽管她没有赢得毕业舞会上的最佳礼服奖，但它确实吸引了很多人的注意。A. attracted吸引；B. paid支付；C. divided分开；D. focused集中。根据后文a lot of attention可知是指做的衣服吸引了很多注意力。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Maverick在社交媒体上发布了这条裙子的照片，并讲述了它是如何诞生的，这条裙子在网上迅速传播开来。A. sent寄出；B. posted发布，张贴；C. lent借给；D. exchanged交换。根据后文on social media可知是将衣服的照片发布到社交媒体上。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Keanna的毕业舞会是在情人节，但她穿着这条裙子的照片在网上仍然很受欢迎，对很多人来说，这已经成为兄长之爱的现代象征。A. role角色；B. belief信念；C. time时间；D. symbol象征。根据后文of brotherly love可知Maverick为妹妹亲手制作去参加舞会的裙子，这一行为成了一种兄长之爱的象征。故选D。 二、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Rescue workers had collected 820 birds from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the majority of them already dead. The current spill promises to be the largest in US history, and as cleanup efforts stretch across the summer, it's clear that more oiled birds will be found, stuck and suffering in the black stick liquid. And as they do with every oil spill, rescue workers will go to great lengths to capture and clean the survivors hoping to restore them to their natural habitat. Is it worth the effort? Some scientists aren't so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option. Clean bird feathers repel water (防水) and regulate body temperature while dirty ones don't. Oil in particular makes feathers heavier and decreases their ability to trap air, which in turn makes birds weak and become easier to drowning, overheating and organ damage. Of course, being captured and cleaned is no picnic either. Some birds wind up returning to their destroyed habitats only to fall victim to the oil again. And those who manage to avoid a second oil bath suffer dramatically shortened life spans (跨度) and lower reproductive success. Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity. However, bird rescuers say they have learned a lot about how to best help oil-soaked birds, and that therefore, survival rates stand to increase this time around. In the past, birds were cleaned right away, and volunteers often worked through the night bathing rescued birds. But now, captured birds are left to rest for a day or two before being cleaned, and only washed during the day, so as not to disrupt their circadian (生理的) rhythms. But part of that increase may be due to greater selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) or don't look like they're going to make it are put down right away, rather than subjected to the stress of captivity and cleaning. And so far, while release rates may be improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival, especially for the more-difficult-to-save species. There still aren't good protocols (协议) for repairing the internal organ damage. Anyway, rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals. 1.Why do some scientists doubt the effort to rescue oiled birds? A.Because it has cost too much time and money. B.Because human may be infected with the bird virus. C.Because it is torture followed by death to birds. D.Because migrant birds may broaden the pollution. 2.The case of Spain coast spill is mentioned to indicate ________. A.thousands of birds were polluted by oil B.the survival rate of oiled birds was very low C.the efforts to rescue oiled birds were ineffective D.captivity is an impractical method to rescue binds 3.Why do the survival rates of oiled birds increase? A.Oiled birds are kept in warm water for one or two days B.The second cleaning of the oiled birds in daytime is not permitted C.The rescuers often select the birds that are likely to survive D.Hydrocarbons are removed to rescue the oiled birds 4.Why does oiled birds' rescue remain a controversial problem? A.Oiled birds' internal organ damage is permanent. B.Euthanasia is a difficult and heart-aching operation. C.The more-difficult-to-save species will die by cleaning. D.The rescue is oiled birds' suffering while seeing them die is cruel. 【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，在石油泄露事件中，有很多鸟儿在石油中被粘住，遭受苦难。救援人员尽最大努力援救它们。但是科学家们质疑救援工作是否值得。一方面，获救的鸟儿经历了被捕获、被清理的痛苦之后还是会死去，存活率很低；另一方面，对鸟儿进行安乐死也是很多人不能接受的。 【1题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released"因为研究表明许多获救的鸟类在被释放后不久就死亡了。因此，科学家们怀疑自己在救鸟儿时作的努力可能是白费了，故选C。 【2题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity”在2002年从西班牙海岸的Prestige石油泄漏事故中获救的数千只鸟类中，只有600只被放生到野外；其余大部分在被关在笼中短短几天后死亡。根据这些数据可知，被浸在石油中的鸟儿即使获救，他们的存活率也很低。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“part of that increase may be due to greater selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) or don't look like they're going to make it are put down right away”可知，获救的鸟儿存活率将会上升的部分原因可能是由于救援人员方面的做出了更大选择。工人们对获救的鸟儿做血液测试，那些身上满是石油或看起来不会活下来的鸟儿立刻被放弃了。工人们选择性地抢救那些有存活可能的鸟儿。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“while release rates may be improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival和rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals ”可知，一方面虽然释放率在提高，但是几乎没有证据表明被释放的鸟儿生存状况更好；另一方面，救援工作仍将继续，因为安乐死是一件困难的事情，特别是对于那些从事拯救动物的工作的人来说。所以是否救这些被油浸过的鸟儿还是一个有争议的问题。援救那些鸟儿，对于鸟儿来说也要遭受痛苦，而看到它们的死去也是很残忍的。故选D。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Seventy-one-year-old retired judge, Leon,    1  (drive) his car one day last March when he suddenly had a heart attack. He later learned that someone had offered him first-aid    2   (treat). Soon after he recovered, Leon was    3   (determine) to thank the person who saved him. Searching the records of people who called 911 that day, Leon found that he was saved by a lady    4   (name) Susie Powell. “I was on my way to the office when I saw that he curled up in   5   (he) seat,” recalled Powell. Luckily for Leon, Powell had just completed a course in first aid. She immediately applied her first-aid knowledge  6    practice. She called 911. Then she got him out of the car and laid him    7   (mild) on his back. Two weeks after the incident, the two met for lunch. Leon told Powell about his wide   8   (interest) in his spare time. When Leon asked   9   he could do to thank her, Powell said he didn’t need to do anything. However,   10   idea came into Leon’s mind. He would sponsor a poor child’s education in Powell’s name. 【答案】1. was driving 2. treatment 3. determined  4. named  5. his  6. to  7. mildly  8. interests  9. what  10. an  【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了退休法官Leon在去年三月驾车时突发心脏病，被Susie Powell救助。康复后，Leon决心感谢Powell，并在两人午餐时得知Powell不愿接受任何感谢。于是，Leon决定以Powell的名义资助一名贫困儿童的教育。 【1题详解】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是固定句型“be doing ... when ...”，表示“正在做某事时（主句），另外一事突然发生（从句）”。根据语境可知，这是过去发生的事情，且句子的主语“Leon”为第三人称单数，故填was driving。 【2题详解】 考查词性转换。设空处在句中作“had offered”的直接宾语，应用treat的名词形式treatment，意为“治疗；诊治”。故填treatment。 【3题详解】 考查词性转换。be determined to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，是固定搭配。故填determined。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句不缺谓语，故设空处应填非谓语动词。此处指一位名叫Susie Powell的女士，name和“a lady”之间是被动关系，故填named。 【5题详解】 考查代词。seat是名词，此处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。 【6题详解】 考查介词。apply ... to ... 意为“把……运用到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。 【7题详解】 考查副词。设空处在句中修饰动词“laid”，应用mild的副词形式作状语，故填mildly。 【8题详解】 考查名词复数。interest在此处意为“爱好”，是可数名词，根据空前的“wide”可知，此处应用interest的复数形式，故填interests。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“do”的宾语，表示“所……的……”。故填what。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个主意”，且“idea”的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A bunch of strangers showed up at the gym in the early morning of the last Sunday of April. A few athletes were already stretching their arms, but most of us could barely focus. As I was burning off last night's wrong decision—a big meal, I spotted a poster about a gym's 21-day workout challenge, and I immediately signed up. I always wanted to train for a marathon, so I considered this as my warm-up. Besides, I needed to stop being lazy and this was my chance to make a change. It was easy to promise on paper, but three weeks of recommended exercise routines and diet restrictions wouldn't be easy. I stuck to working out 30 minutes a day, and I didn't disturb my normal routine. Instead, I had to be faced with the tough work of being more creative in my spare time, thus breaking some bad habits. Overcoming weaknesses with willpower was my goal for the next part of the journey. But the difficult part about making a challenge is realizing that "wanting" and "doing" are two very different things. Just like a career, you have to physically work for it rather than just wait for it to happen. But that's hard. Throughout the 21 days, I often told myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried to sabotage myself from exercising. However, finally I overcame that negative thought and kept working out. At the end of the challenge, I learned something even more important: Feeling the results is better than seeing them. I had fewer headaches and more energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little smarter as I researched which foods were better for my body, and learned how to make healthier meals. I felt a sense of accomplishment, too, because even though I wanted to give up dozens of times, I didn't. I felt my waist got smaller and my arms got stronger, and I no longer felt guilty after having a piece of cake or a drink. 1.What was the author's wrong decision? A.Going to the gym early. B. Training for a marathon. C.Eating a lot the previous night. D. Stopping being lazy for a change. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A.Some of the author's bad habits. B.Some ways of the author's killing his spare time. C.The importance of sticking to the normal daily routine. D.The difficulty of the author's keeping on with the workout plan. 3.What does the underlined word "sabotage" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Prevent. B.Hear. C.Improve. D.Distinguish. 4.What did the author learn from the workout challenge? A.Eating healthy food is more important than exercising. B.Overcoming a challenge could bring good feelings to him. C.It's more important to see what he likes than just feel it. D.There was no need to feel guilty about things he disliked to do. 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，一张宣传健身锻炼的海报让作者开始马拉松的热身。虽然三个星期的锻炼计划和饮食限制是很难坚持的，但是作者坚持每天锻炼。最后，锻炼给作者带来了好心情。 【1题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As I was burning off last night's wrong decision—a big meal, I spotted a poster about a gym's 21-day workout challenge”可知，昨晚我做了一个错误的决定：吃了一顿大餐。因此作者的错误决定是前一天晚上吃得很多。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“It was easy to promise on paper, but three weeks of recommended exercise routines and diet restrictions wouldn't be easy.”可知，将承诺写在纸上是很容易的，但是坚持三个星期的锻炼和饮食限制并不容易。因此该段的主要内容是作者坚持锻炼计划的困难。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Throughout the 21 days, I often told myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried to sabotage myself from exercising.”中的and前后两句是承接关系，and前面说的是“在这21天里，我经常告诉自己，挑战是没有意义的。” 由“However, finally I overcame that negative thought and kept working out.”可知，然而我终于克服了这种消极的想法继续锻炼。however前后的内容是转折关系。因此可以推断出and后面的内容是“不想再锻炼下去”，故选A。 【4题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“At the end of the challenge, I learned something even more important: I had fewer headaches and more energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little smarter …I felt a sense of accomplishment…I felt my waist got smaller and my arms got stronger, and I no longer felt guilty after having a piece of cake or a drink.”可知，在锻炼的最后我头痛少了，精力充沛了，而且更快乐。我甚至觉得自己更聪明了也有一种成就感，我觉得我的腰变小了，胳膊变壮了，吃了一块蛋糕或一杯饮料后，我不再感到内疚。因此作者感受到了克服运动挑战能给他带来好心情。故选B。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tips on How to Be a Successful Student Being a student is not easy. With a new identity, different duties appear. ___1___ In order to live a meaningful and successful life, it is necessary to develop the right habits that help simplify learning and mastering the profession. Increase Your Self-Esteem Do you think that scientists know everything and therefore easily deal with any problems? ___2___ Every day some changes take place in the world. Experts rely on their own knowledge and experience in solving any problem, regardless of its complexity. Imagine yourself a world-class pro who is faced with a certain obstacle. What would you do in his place? Such role-playing games can increase your self-esteem. ___3___ When solving any task, connect all your abilities and feelings. Do not be shy of emotions. In this way you activate the maximum number of cells and muscles, attract the body to work to the maximum. The more feelings and possibilities you connect, the easier it will be to solve the problem. The brain will not only receive information from everywhere but also correctly process, record and use it. Be Active All students can be divided into active and passive. Passive prefer to simply go with the flow. Active people try not only to prepare for each class but also to understand it, fight for self-development. ___4___ This feature allows not only to quickly grasp new things and adapt but also to skillfully use the knowledge gained. Set a Clear Goal Studying at the university, a student must understand why he or she needs it. For this, it is important to set a specific, understandable goal. The goal may be short or long term. After it is achieved, set a new goal and go for it. ___5___ It all depends on the desire of the student. Learn from mistakes The main thing is not to give up after the fall. Analyze the situation, think about what you did wrong, take advantage of this and just go forward. You need to learn from your own mistakes. A. Use All the Senses. B. Pay Attention to Emotions. C. In fact, it is simply impossible to know everything. D. Students, like all people, have both ups and downs. E. The goal may be to successfully finish exams or receive a degree. F. They are ready to participate in all kinds of meetings and competitions. G. You not only have to adapt but also have to finish all the tasks and promises in time. 【答案】1. G    2. C    3. A    4. F    5. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何成为一名成功的学生提出了一些建议。 【1题详解】 根据上文“Being a student is not easy. With a new identity, different duties appear.(做一个学生是不容易的。有了新的身份，就有了不同的职责)”可知，本句承接上文，说明新身份带来的不同职责。故G选项“你不仅要适应，而且要及时完成所有的任务和承诺”符合语境，故选G。 【2题详解】 根据上文“Do you think that scientists know everything and therefore easily deal with any problems?(你认为科学家无所不知，因此能轻松解决任何问题吗？)”以及后文“Every day some changes take place in the world.(世界上每天都发生着一些变化)”可知，后文提到世界上每天都发生着一些变化，推测对于上文的问题是否定回答，即不可能知道一切。故C选项“事实上，要知道一切是不可能的”符合语境，故选C。 【3题详解】 根据本段内容“When solving any task, connect all your abilities and feelings. Do not be shy of emotions. In this way you activate the maximum number of cells and muscles, attract the body to work to the maximum. The more feelings and possibilities you connect, the easier it will be to solve the problem. The brain will not only receive information from everywhere but also correctly process, record and use it.(在解决任何任务时，把你所有的能力和感觉联系起来。不要羞于感情。通过这种方式，你激活了最大数量的细胞和肌肉，吸引身体最大限度地工作。你联系的感觉和可能性越多，解决问题就越容易。大脑不仅要接收来自四面八方的信息，还要正确地处理、记录和使用这些信息)”可知，本段给出的建议是把能力和感觉联系起来，故A选项“运用所有感官”符合语境，故选A。 【4题详解】 根据上文“All students can be divided into active and passive. Passive prefer to simply go with the flow. Active people try not only to prepare for each class but also to understand it, fight for self-development.( 所有的学生都可以分为主动和被动。被动的人喜欢随波逐流。积极的人不仅努力准备每节课，而且努力理解它，争取自我发展)”可知，本句承接上文，说明积极的人是如何自我发展的，F选项They指代上文Active people。故F选项“他们准备参加各种会议和比赛”符合语境，故选F。 【5题详解】 根据上文“Studying at the university, a student must understand why he or she needs it. For this, it is important to set a specific, understandable goal. The goal may be short or long term. After it is achieved, set a new goal and go for it.(在大学学习，学生必须明白他或她为什么需要它。为此，设定一个具体的、可理解的目标是很重要的。目标可以是短期的，也可以是长期的。完成目标后，设定一个新的目标，并为之努力)”可知，本句承接上文，说明目标如何设定。故E选项“目标可能是顺利完成考试或获得学位”符合语境，故选E。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 My father always told me, "All work is noble. ” He wasn't wealthy, but he earned a quite  1 (reason) living. Thanks to his effort, I was able to go to an art college. I, however, wanted to do something different, something more interesting - I was special! After graduation, I moved to New York  2  search of a graphic designer job. It was winter and I only brought money to support myself for about a month. I wasn't worried-I was sure I'd find a fantastic job immediately. Within a few weeks,  3  (reject) many times in town, I found myself wandering around the streets. My hostel rent was almost gone and I hadn't eaten for days. “How had I reached this point?"  I wondered as I trembled in my thin jacket. I was just about to give up  4  my dad called. He suggested I get a job in a restaurant until something else came along. At first, pride made me hesitate but I was cold, hungry, and unwilling to go home feeling ashamed and defeated. I entered a cafe near one of the design   5  (office) that had turned me away and asked the manager if they were hiring waiters. She said they were shorthanded , and I   6  (offer) a job right away. Surprisingly, I found that I really enjoyed serving people. I started making big tips. Later, the manager learned that I had a design background and asked me to design the cafe menus, That led to a part-time job at an advertising company.   7 (previous) I had never considered   8  (be) a waiter, but there I was. I eventually got my dream design job, but that winter I learned not to make an   9  (assume) about work. The restaurant   10 I once worked will be remembered by me forever. 【答案】1．reasonable 2．in 3．having been rejected/rejected 4．when 5．offices 6．was offered 7．Previously 8．being 9．assumption 10．where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，短文主要讲了作者在一个找工作的冬天中经历困难，后来明白了任何工作都是值得尊敬的，不需为找工作做任何设想。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他并不富裕，但他的生活相当不错。此处修饰名词living应用形容词，故填reasonable。【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：毕业后，我搬到纽约找一份平面设计师的工作。固定短语in search of“搜索，寻找”，故填in。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几周之内，我在城里被拒绝了很多次，我发现自己在街上游荡。分析句子结构可知reject在句中做非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语I构成被动，故用过去分词rejected；或此处reject发生在found之前，且与I构成被动，故应用having been done形式，故填having been rejected/rejected。 【4题详解】 考查连接词。句意：我正要放弃的时候，我爸爸打来电话。固定句式sb. be to do sth. when…“某人正要做某事，突然……”，故填when。 【5题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：我走进一个设计办公室附近的咖啡馆，问经理他们是否在招聘服务员。固定短语one of后跟名词复数形式，表示“……其中之一”，故填offices。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：她说他们人手不足，我马上就得到了一份工作。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文said可知应用一般过去时，主语为I，故填was offered。 【7题详解】 考查副词。句意：以前我从来没有想过要当服务员，但我做到了。修饰后文整个句子应用副词，故填Previously。【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。短语consider doing sth.表示“考虑做某事”。故填being。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：我最终得到了梦寐以求的设计工作，但那年冬天我学会了不要对工作做任何假设。根据上文an可知应填单数名词assumption，短语make an assumption“做假设”。故填assumption。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我曾经工作过的那家餐馆将永远被我记住。此处为定语从句修饰先行词restaurant，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 1. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 2. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 3. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 4. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。 B （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 5. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 6. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 7. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 8. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A.Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____1____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____2____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____3____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____4____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____5____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. F 4. C 5. G 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 【1题详解】 根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 【2题详解】 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 【3题详解】 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 【4题详解】 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 【5题详解】 根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____1____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____2____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____3____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____4____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____5____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____6____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ____7____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____8____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____9___ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____10___ (want) more next time. 【答案】1. tasty 2. to bite 3. or 4. recognized 5. by 6. to be lifted 7. their 8. a 9. rarely 10. wanting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。 7题详解】 考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。 【8题详解】 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。 【9题详解】 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$