期末复习之七选五15篇（江苏期末真题）-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林版2020）

期末复习之七选五15篇 (江苏期末真题) （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期末）In our ever-evolving world, where both personal and professional areas are loaded with challenges, problem solving skills are increasingly valuable in the workplace. 1 Here’s how to enhance your strategy. Clear and brief communication is the key to effective problem-solving, acting as the bridge that connects diverse perspectives toward a common goal. 2 It involves choosing the right words, structuring information logically, and being mindful of the audience to ensure that your message is both impressive and comprehensible. Active listening, on the other hand, is the skill of receiving information. It includes not just hearing words but understanding the underlying messages. 3 To foster creativity, individuals must engage in activities that stimulate their imagination and encourage new perspectives. Have free-flowing brainstorming sessions that allow for the exploration of diverse ideas without immediate judgment. Additionally, exposing yourself to different fields promotes creative solution. Mistakes are not failures but valuable stepping stones on the path to mastery. 4 Analyse what went wrong, identify areas for improvement and use this knowledge to inform your future problem-solving efforts. Creating a culture that opens the eyes of mistakes within a team or organization encourages an environment where individuals feel comfortable admitting errors. The journey to becoming a skilled problem solver is an ongoing process of growth and improvement. 5 Remain curious and open to acquiring new knowledge and skills that are directly applicable to your problem-solving attempt. That ensures you stay ahead of evolving challenges and acquire the skills needed to navigate an ever-changing landscape. Furthermore, participating in industry events, joining professional associations and connecting with mentors can offer insights that enrich your problem-solving skills. A．Seek continuous learning opportunities. B．Therefore, comprehension is a vital skill to develop. C．Effective conversation begins with the art of expression. D．Problem-solving at its best requires the out-of-the-box thinking. E．And they could help you achieve more in your personal life too. F．Each misstep provides an opportunity for reflection and learning. G．Each individual brings unique information to overcome challenges. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了提高解决问题的能力的策略。 1．由上文“In our ever-evolving world, where both personal and professional areas are loaded with challenges, problem solving skills are increasingly valuable in the workplace. (在我们这个不断发展的世界里，个人和专业领域都充满了挑战，解决问题的能力在工作场所越来越有价值)”可知，本空要说跟“解决问题的能力的好处”有关的话题，故E选项“And they could help you achieve more in your personal life too. (它们也可以帮助你在个人生活中取得更多成就)”能承接上文，符合题意。E项中的“they”与空前的“problem solving skills”相对应。故选E。 2．由上文“Clear and brief communication is the key to effective problem-solving, acting as the bridge that connects diverse perspectives toward a common goal. (清晰和简短的沟通是有效解决问题的关键，是连接不同观点的桥梁，实现共同的目标)”可知，本空要说跟“沟通”有关的话题，故C选项“Effective conversation begins with the art of expression. (有效的对话始于表达的艺术)”承接上文，符合题意。故选C。 3．由下文“To foster creativity, individuals must engage in activities that stimulate their imagination and encourage new perspectives. Have free-flowing brainstorming sessions that allow for the exploration of diverse ideas without immediate judgment. Additionally, exposing yourself to different fields promotes creative solution. (为了培养创造力，个人必须参与激发他们想象力和鼓励新观点的活动。进行自由的头脑风暴会议，允许探索不同的想法，而不需要立即做出判断。此外，让自己接触不同的领域可以促进创造性的解决方案)”可知，本空要说跟“创造力”有关的话题，故D选项“Problem-solving at its best requires the out-of-the-box thinking. (解决问题的最佳方式需要打破常规的思维)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 4．由上文“Mistakes are not failures but valuable stepping stones on the path to mastery. (错误不是失败，而是通往精通之路的宝贵垫脚石)”可知，本空要说跟“错误”有关的话题，故F选项“Each misstep provides an opportunity for reflection and learning. (每一个失误都提供了反思和学习的机会)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 5．由上文“The journey to becoming a skilled problem solver is an ongoing process of growth and improvement. (成为一个熟练的问题解决者的旅程是一个不断成长和改进的过程。保持好奇心，接受能直接解决问题的新知识和新技能)”可知，本空要说跟“不断成长和改进”有关的话题，故A选项“Seek continuous learning opportunities. (寻求持续的学习机会)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。 （23-24高二上·江苏苏州·期末）Critical thinking can be described as disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence. While that seems to describe the ability of many professionals, some leaders in organizations today have a strong feeling that this ability is fading. 1 Be a continuous learner. Learners have a natural sense of curiosity about the world and their profession. They read and talk to people. 2 This can come from reading, talking to subject matter experts, listening to lectures online, or attending conferences. The more they know, the more evidence they have to consider when making a decision. Make the right decision for the majority. Critical thinkers put their egos aside and think about what is best for the overall organization. 3 However, their goal is seeking to understand and then making a clear and rational decision that is best for the majority. Listen and consider unconventional opinions. 4 They don’t like the phrase “that is the way we have always done it.” They also see that collaboration with their team, their profession, and sometimes their competitors will bring about the best solutions, and they are OK with that. 5 Critical thinkers develop a skill for explaining to others why they came to a specific conclusion. Others can follow their reasoning and can understand their thinking. They are willing to change their views when they are provided with more information that allows greater understanding. A．Analyze oneself. B．Avoid misunderstanding. C．Maybe that is not the best solution for the individual. D．Basically, they educate themselves without being told to. E．Critical thinkers have a tendency to seek out new solutions to old problems. F．Critical thinkers will avoid the trap of too much information for decision-making. G．Here are strategies that will help you and your team grow critical thinking skills. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了培养批判性思考技能的方法。 1．前文“While that seems to describe the ability of many professionals, some leaders in organizations today have a strong feeling that this ability is fading. (虽然这似乎描述了许多专业人士的能力，但今天组织中的一些领导人强烈感觉到这种能力正在消退。)”讲述了批判性思考的能力正在衰退，再结合下文分段讲述的建议可知，空处应用承上启下，指出接下来有帮助培养批判性思考技能的策略，G项“以下策略将帮助你和你的团队培养批判性思维技能。”符合题意。故选G。 2．本段首句“Be a continuous learner. (做一个不断学习的人。)”是主旨句，本段主要讲述的是要不断学习。空处应和学习有关，D项“基本上，他们不用吩咐就会自我教育。”符合题意，下文中的This指代空处的内容。故选D。 3．前文“Critical thinkers put their egos aside and think about what is best for the overall organization. (批判性思考者把自我放在一边，思考什么对整个组织最有利。)”讲述了进行批判性思考的人会把注意集中在整个组织上，而不是个人上，后文“However, their goal is seeking to understand and then making a clear and rational decision that is best for the majority. (然而，他们的目标是寻求理解，然后做出对大多数人最有利的清晰合理的决定。)”中的However表明空处与后文是转折关系，后文讲述了他们的目标是做出对大多数人最有利的决定，由此可知，空处应讲述对整个组织最有利的事情对个人来说不是最好的，C项“也许这对个人来说不是最好的解决方案。”符合题意。故选C。 4．空前的“Listen and consider unconventional opinions. (倾听并考虑非传统观点。)”是本段主旨句，建议要倾听并考虑非传统观点，所以空处应讲述的是进行批判性思考的人会寻找新的方法，E项“批判性思考者倾向于为旧问题寻找新的解决方案。”符合题意。故选E。 5．空处是本段主旨句，且应用祈使句。根据后文中的“Critical thinkers develop a skill for explaining to others why they came to a specific conclusion. Others can follow their reasoning and can understand their thinking. (批判性思考者培养了向他人解释他们为什么会得出特定结论的技能。其他人可以遵循他们的推理，理解他们的想法。)”可知，本段主要讲述了批判性思考者会向他人解析自己推理的过程，让别人理解自己，所以A项“分析自己。”符合题意。故选A。 （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Do you think that your life stay unchanged? Have you reached a point where things are ok, but not very exciting? If you do feel these things, then it is time to do something to increase the quality of your life. 1 What is more, you only get one, so you do need to make it the very best you can. So, how can you increase the quality of your life? Treat yourself. It doesn’t matter if it’s a meal out or a visit to a theater. Make the first thing a treat that you have been dreaming of for some time. 2 Treats can be free, and you can always spare time if you want to. Make a daily plan. Do you wake up in the morning with a feeling that there is just so much to get done? Start each day by focusing on what to do, and then make a list for that day. A few minutes spent making a list will prevent you from forgetting something important, and will help you prioritize your tasks. 3 Grow a positive thinking habit. Do you suffer negative thoughts? Being negative damages your quality of life. 4 It will take work, but changing the way you think will bring greater happiness and make your quality of life much better. “Can do” is a fantastic motto for life. Why not buy a T-shirt with “YESICAN” on the front? Life is good. You are lucky to be alive. Make the most of the years you have on Earth and Enjoy. 5 . Follow the advice above and you will surely increase the quality of your life. Be positive, and be happy. A．Life is what you make it. B．Don’t waste them being negative. C．Stop being a defeatist and start being an optimist. D．Don’t make excuses about not having time or money. E．It is a good idea to think of something cheap as a treat. F．Everyone at some time feels that their life is going nowhere. G．Crossing completed jobs off your list will make you feel positive. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．G 4．C 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以提高生活质量的方法。 1．下文“What is more, you only get one, so you do need to make it the very best you can.(更重要的是，你只有一次机会，所以你需要尽你所能把它做到最好。)”提到了尽力做到最好，A选项中make it是关键词与下文的make it呼应，所以A选项“生活是你自己创造的。”符合语境，说明生活的来源是靠自己。故选A项。 2．上文“Treat yourself. It doesn’t matter if it’s a meal out or a visit to a theater. Make the first thing a treat that you have been dreaming of for some time.(犒劳自己。不管是出去吃饭还是去看电影都没关系。让第一件事成为你梦寐以求的一件事。)”提到了可以犒劳自己的一些事情，所以D选项“不要找借口说没有时间或没有钱。”能承接上文内容，构成顺承关系。故选D项。 3．上文“A few minutes spent making a list will prevent you from forgetting something important, and will help you prioritize your tasks.(花几分钟列个清单可以防止你忘记一些重要的事情，还可以帮助你优先考虑你的任务。)”提到了列清单，G选项中list是关键词与上文的list呼应，所以G选项“把已经完成的工作从你的工作清单上划掉会让你感觉积极。”和上文构成顺承关系，说明列清单的作用。故选G项。 4．上文“Do you suffer negative thoughts? Being negative damages your quality of life.(你有消极的想法吗?消极会损害你的生活质量。)”提到了消极思想的危害，所以选项应该说明做一个什么样的人。C选项“不要再做一个失败主义者，开始做一个乐观主义者。”承接上文，构成顺承关系。故选C项。 5．上文“Make the most of the years you have on Earth and Enjoy.(好好享受你在地球上的时光吧。)”给出了建议；下文“Follow the advice above and you will surely increase the quality of your life.(遵循上面的建议，你一定会提高你的生活质量。)”提到了遵循建议，B选项“不要把时间浪费在消极上”和上文并列也属于建议的内容，符合语境。故选B项。 （23-24高二上·江苏徐州·期末）There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution. 1 It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and decorating products, bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain these chemicals. 2 For instance, cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions, like frying meat in oil. As a research from Denmark has highlighted, cooking, particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. 3 When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes. 4 And what can we do with it? As far as cooking emissions are concerned, no one is suggesting switching to takeaways. 5 For example, cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta. Besides, opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects. A．In the long run, these changes lead to cancer. B．They might also arise from cooking at home. C．A wide range of sources are under investigation. D．Therefore, what results from indoor air pollution? E．However, most of us have ignored their bad effects. F．So, what are the main contributors to poor air quality? G．But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了室内空气污染的原因以及建议。 1．根据上文“Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution.(许多研究人员已经研究了室内空气污染的原因)”可知，上文提到许多研究人员已经研究了室内空气污染的原因，故本句主要引出后文空气质量差的原因。故F选项“那么，空气质量差的主要原因是什么？”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据后文“For instance, cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions, like frying meat in oil.(例如，烹饪会产生很多有害排放物，比如在油中煎肉)”可知，烹饪也会导致室内空气质量差。故B选项“也可能是由于在家做饭引起的”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据上文“As a research from Denmark has highlighted, cooking, particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants.(丹麦的一项研究强调，烹饪，尤其是烘焙会损害我们的身体。烧烤晚餐含有许多潜在的有害污染物)”以及后文“When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes.(当暴露在烹饪排放物中时，人们实际上有DNA损伤。它可能与触发致癌基因变化的细胞修复过程有关)”可知，上文提到了烧烤晚餐含有许多潜在的有害污染物，可推测本句是在说明人们对这一问题的态度。故E选项“然而，我们大多数人都忽视了它们的不良影响”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据上文“When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes.(当暴露在烹饪排放物中时，人们实际上有DNA损伤。它可能与触发致癌基因变化的细胞修复过程有关)”可知，本句总结上文，指出长期接触烹饪排放物可能会致癌。故A选项“从长远来看，这些变化会导致癌症。”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据后文“For example, cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta.(例如，在含有大量脂肪的高温下烹饪肉类比煮意大利面产生更多的有害排放物)”可知，后文的例子表明，改变烹饪方式可以减少有害排放物的产生。故G选项“但是我们可以改变烹饪方式来解决排放问题”符合语境，故选G。 （23-24高二上·江苏南通·期末）The bonds of female friendship run deep and strong, so are they the new encouraging relationship, or idealized? 1 In many ways, my close friendships with women are what you’d expect from TV shows like The Golden Girls: emotionally close and involved, fierce and rude. What these shows get right about girl friendship is that our bonds run deep and strong. 2 In those shows, we can see friends whose lives are so deeply mixed that they appear at each other’s doors whenever needed; a ride-or-die girl group who are at your side for life. 3 This phenomenon is called friendship jealousy, and it’s pretty common. “We feel friendship envy because so much of our confidence is gained from us knowing who we ‘belong’ to,” psychologist Lilly Sabir said. If we don’t have access to the sisterhood we think we’re supposed to as women, we can feel rejected and lonely. 4 There’s no fixed way for these relationships. You might have a group of girls who meet for lunch once a week, or you might have a few friends who aren’t part of the same group. 5 Maybe you don’t see yourself in either of those situations, but love your friends all the same. All of this is fine—it’s the quality of your connections that counts. Healthy friendships are about trust and being able to be vulnerable with each other, not to prove you’re living life the right way. There’s nothing quite like having friends who really understand you, so let’s enjoy our mates without overthinking it, shall we? A．Are we supposed to give way to each other? B．But they also tend to idealize these relationships. C．So how should we enjoy our female friendships? D．The ways we show up for each other can truly be beautiful. E．Tolerating friends’ characters is a good way to maintain the friendship. F．Whatever they are, enjoying friendships and not overthinking them is key. G．Ever seen a group of girl-friends smiling over lunch and had a feeling of envy? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．G 4．E 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何享受女性友谊给出了一些方法。 1．根据前文“The bonds of female friendship run deep and strong, so are they the new encouraging relationship, or idealized?(女性之间的友谊纽带深厚而牢固，那么她们是一种新的鼓舞人心的关系，还是一种理想化的关系呢?)”可知前文提出了女性之间的友谊关系，空处位于段首未尾，应起到引出话题的作用，结合下文内容可知C项“那么我们应该如何享受我们的女性友谊呢?”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据后文“In those shows, we can see friends whose lives are so deeply mixed that they appear at each other’s doors whenever needed: a ride-or-die girl group who are at your side for life.(在这些节目中，我们可以看到朋友们的生活如此复杂，只要有需要，她们就会出现在彼此的门口;一个生死攸关的女子组合，一生都在你身边)”可知后文是具体举例说明了友谊的美好体现，因此空处应是对友谊的阐述和赞美，D项“我们为彼此现身的方式可能真的很美好”符合语境，后文的appear与选项的show up呼应。故选D。 3．根据后文“This phenomenon is called friendship jealousy, and it’s pretty common.(这种现象被称为友谊族妒，而且很常见)”可知下文提到了“friendship jealousy”这个概念，说明此处应该与嫉妒有关。G项“你有没有见过一群女朋友在午餐时面带微笑，并有一种嫉妒的感觉？”符合语境。故选G。 4．根据上文“This phenomenon is called friendship jealousy, and it’s pretty common.(这种现象被称为友谊嫉妒，而且很常见)”可知本段介绍了友谊存在嫉妒，空处位于段末，应介绍如何面对这种现象，E项“宽容朋友的性格是保持友谊的好方法”符合语境，要宽容而非嫉妒。故选E。 5．根据前文“There’s no fixed way for these relationships. You might have a group of girls who meet for lunch once a week, or you might have a few friends who aren’t part of the same group.(这些关系没有固定的方式。你可能有一群女孩每周聚在一起吃一次午餐，或者你可能有几个朋友不在同一个圈子里)”可知，上文提到女性之间的友谊形式多种多样，但无论形式如何，重要的是享受友谊，不要过度思考。F项“无论他们是谁，享受友谊，不要想得太多是关键。“符合语境。故选F。 （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期末）Sometimes our friends’ behavior can offend (冒犯) us; sometimes we can see changes they need to make — but how do we tell them? 1 It’s important to have solid evidence that there is indeed a problem. Evidence that can be agreed upon makes it easier for other people to recognize issues. 2 Psychologist Andrea Bonior suggests framing problems with “I”. Saying “I feel hurt that you spend less time with me” is less accusatory (谴责的) than “You never spend time with me!” and is focused more clearly on the impact. 3 Becoming tense might lead you to react badly and cause an argument. Bonior recommends that you should acknowledge the conversation could make you anxious. If you think about this yourself, it can help you focus on positive results. If you admit your anxiety to your friend, you will show a more human side. Another psychologist, Laura Brennan, points out how it’s important that we let go of our ego (自我) and don’t focus on the need to be proved right. This can help reduce tension. 4 Many experts recommend planning your words so that you can say things in a way that avoids conflict. However, Bonior cautions against overplanning, as this can stop you from being flexible enough to genuinely follow and participate in the discussion. Be realistic. Complicated problems are unlikely to be solved with one conversation. Consider what is possible in one discussion and that it may be harder than you initially thought. 5 A．Staying calm is vital. B．Are there any ways to make difficult conversations easier? C．Some people like to gather evidence to support their concerns. D．This will help you to set realistic goals for what you can achieve. E．Once you have proof, it’s important to highlight how it impacts us and others. F．Should we always be completely honest with our friends about their behavior? G．We can lower the potential for conflict by listening to the other person and asking questions. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以让自己和朋友之间困难的对话变得容易的一些方法。 1．前文“Sometimes our friends’ behavior can offend (冒犯) us; sometimes we can see changes they need to make — but how do we tell them? (有时朋友的行为会冒犯我们；有时我们可以看到他们需要做出的改变——但我们如何告诉他们)”引出对如何和朋友对话的困惑，后文段落给出了具体的建议，因此B项“Are there any ways to make difficult conversations easier? (有没有什么方法可以让困难的对话变得更容易)”符合语境，寻求让对话变得容易的方法，承前启后，其中的conversations和前文的tell呼应。故选B。 2．前文“Evidence that can be agreed upon makes it easier for other people to recognize issues. (可以达成一致的证据使其他人更容易认识到问题)”解释需要什么样的证据，后文“Psychologist Andrea Bonior suggests framing problems with “I”. Saying “I feel hurt that you spend less time with me” is less accusatory (谴责的) than “You never spend time with me!” and is focused more clearly on the impact. (心理学家Andrea Bonior建议用“我”来定义问题。说“和我在一起的时间少了，我觉得很受伤”比说“你从来不和我在一起！”谴责的意味更少，并更清楚地关注其影响)”具体说明如何更好地表述这些证据，因此E项“Once you have proof, it’s important to highlight how it impacts us and others. (一旦你有了证据，重要的是要强调它如何影响我们和其他人)”符合语境，指出表述证据时需要注意的事项，承前启后，其中的proof和前文的Evidence呼应。故选E。 3．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。根据后文“Becoming tense might lead you to react badly and cause an argument. Bonior recommends that you should acknowledge the conversation could make you anxious. If you think about this yourself, it can help you focus on positive results. (变得紧张可能会导致你做出糟糕的反应，引发争吵。Bonior建议你应该承认谈话可能会让你焦虑。如果你自己思考这个问题，它可以帮助你专注于积极的结果)”可知，本段主要建议在谈话时避免紧张，以及给出如何避免紧张的方法，因此A项“Staying calm is vital. (保持冷静至关重要)”符合语境，点明要保持冷静，契合后文内容，其中的calm和后文的tense相对。故选A。 4．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。根据后文“Many experts recommend planning your words so that you can say things in a way that avoids conflict. However, Bonior cautions against overplanning, as this can stop you from being flexible enough to genuinely follow and participate in the discussion. (许多专家建议你计划措辞，这样你就可以用一种避免冲突的方式说话。然而，Bonior警告不要过度计划，因为这可能会阻止你足够灵活地真正跟随和参与讨论)”可知，本段主要建议避免过度计划，而要灵活地跟随和参与讨论，因此G项“We can lower the potential for conflict by listening to the other person and asking questions. (我们可以通过倾听他人并提出问题来降低发生冲突的可能性)”符合语境，点明应倾听他人并提出问题，契合后文内容，其中的listening to the other person和后文的follow呼应。故选G。 5．前文“Complicated problems are unlikely to be solved with one conversation. Consider what is possible in one discussion and that it may be harder than you initially thought. (复杂的问题不可能一次谈话就能解决。考虑一下在一次讨论中什么是可能的，它可能比你最初想象的要困难)”指出一次谈话就解决问题是不现实的，建议只考虑一次谈话中可能的事情，因此D项“This will help you to set realistic goals for what you can achieve. (这将帮助你为你能达到的目标设定现实的目标)”符合语境，解释这样做的好处，承接前文，其中的This指代前一句的内容。故选D。 （23-24高二上·江苏常州·期末）Nowadays hair loss is a common concern for many young people in China, and it can be caused by a variety of factors. 1 One common cause of hair loss in young people is genetics. Male and female pattern baldness,is a hereditary (遗传的) condition that can lead to hair thinning and loss. 2 And it also features overall thinning of the hair in women. In addition to genetics, certain medical conditions and treatments can also contribute to hair loss in young people. Conditions such as thyroid (甲状腺 )disorders, different diseases, and hormonal imbalances can all lead to hair thinning. Additionally, undergoing treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can result in temporary hair loss. 3 Poor nutrition, too busy work, and certain hairstyling practices can contribute to hair thinning. For example, a diet lacking in essential nutrients, such as protein, iron, and vitamins,can impact the health of the hair and scalp (头皮). 4 This includes tight hairstyles, frequent use of heat styling tools, and harsh chemical treatments. Additionally, emotional stress and mental health conditions can contribute to hair loss in some individuals. To address hair loss in young people, it is important to identify the underlying cause. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist (皮肤病医生) or trichologist. 5 Treatment options may include topical medications, and hair restoration procedures. In conclusion, hair loss among young people can be attributed to a variety of factors, including genetics, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices. A．Lifestyle factors can also play a role in hair loss among young individuals. B．Furthermore, extreme tension on the hair can lead to hair damage and loss. C．Understanding the causes can help individuals take active steps to address the issue. D．Overall, it highlights the need for greater support for individuals experiencing this issue. E．This can help determine the reason for hair loss and develop a personalized treatment plan. F．This type of hair loss is often characterized by a disappearing hairline or thinning crown in men. G．Additionally, the pressure to maintain a certain appearance may lead to increased levels of anxiety. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是说明文。如今，脱发是很多中国年轻人普遍关心的问题，脱发可能是由多种因素引起的。文章主要介绍了引起脱发的原因以及如何解决脱发问题。 1．上文“Nowadays hair loss is a common concern for many young people in China, and it can be caused by a variety of factors.(如今，脱发已成为中国许多年轻人的普遍担忧，脱发的原因有多种。)”指出脱发的原因有多种，下文“One common cause of hair loss in young people is genetics.(年轻人脱发的常见原因之一是遗传。)”，“In addition to genetics, certain medical conditions and treatments can also contribute to hair loss in young people.(除了遗传因素外，某些医疗条件和治疗也会导致年轻人脱发。)”介绍了脱发的原因，由此可知，空处承上启下，指出我们应该了解脱发的原因，C项“了解原因可以帮助个人采取积极措施来解决问题。”符合，故选C。 2．上文“Male and female pattern baldness, is a hereditary (遗传的) condition that can lead to hair thinning and loss.(男性和女性型秃发是一种遗传性疾病，可导致头发稀疏和脱落)”指出脱发是一种遗传性疾病，下文“And it also features overall thinning of the hair in women.(它还具有女性头发整体稀疏的特点。)”介绍了这种脱发的特点，其中的also表明空处也应是介绍脱发的特点，F项“这种类型的脱发通常以男性发际线消失或发冠变薄为特征。”符合，故选F。 3．下文“Poor nutrition, too busy work, and certain hairstyling practices can contribute to hair thinning. (营养不良、工作太忙以及某些发型设计方法都会导致头发稀疏。)”具体指出营养不良、工作太忙以及某些发型设计方法都会导致头发稀疏，营养不良、工作太忙以及某些发型设计方法这些都属于生活方式方面的因素，A项“生活方式因素也会导致年轻人脱发。”符合，概括本段，故选A。 4．下文“This includes tight hairstyles, frequent use of heat styling tools, and harsh chemical treatments. (这包括扎紧的发型、频繁使用热定型工具以及刺激性的化学处理。)”具体介绍了使头发脱发的一些做法，空处应指出“This”的具体内容，B项“此外，使劲拉伸头发会导致头发受损和脱落。”符合，使劲拉伸头发包括扎紧的发型、频繁使用热定型工具以及刺激性的化学处理，故选B。 5．上文“Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist (皮肤病医生) or trichologist.(咨询医疗保健专业人士，例如皮肤科医生或毛发学家)”指出要咨询医疗保健专业人士，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，E项“这可以帮助确定脱发的原因并制定个性化的治疗计划。”符合，This代指上文Consulting with a healthcare professional，故选E。 （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期末）As the autumn colors fade over time, cold days are well underway. The Start of Winter or “Lidong” (立冬), the 19th solar term (节气) in China, begins this year on Nov. 7 and ends on Nov. 21. 1 For the northern hemisphere, biting winds blow from the north, crops harvested in autumn have been stored up, and creatures begin to rest and hibernate (冬眠) for the coming winter. Three phases (阶段) of Lidong 2 In the first phase of Lidong, water begins to freeze. Ice often encrusts lakes in just one night in northern China, which reminds people of the coming cold winter. The second phase of Lidong brings frozen ground. The thin ice is easily broken if stepped on. The ice covers and protects crops and farmlands from pests and discases. 3 As migratory birds move south and resident birds store their food in the nest, the sky often seems lonely without its winged friends. Traditional customs On the day of Lidong, people would treat themselves with feasts, as a reward for their hard work during the busy months. Some brave swimming enthusiasts take a dive in cold rivers to celebrate the Beginning of Winter, and of course, to exercise their bodies. 4 For people in southern China, high-caloric food such as beef, chicken, mutton, and fish is their favorites during the days of Lidong, and can provide enough energy and fat to help them see the winter out. Turn of the year Though for the northern hemisphere, the days are getting colder and nights longer, the year will soon pass by. 5 A．Lidong is divided into three phases. B．Birds are rarely seen in the third phase. C．First things first. D．As a matter of fact, Lidong is the beginning of the end. E．Some living creatures begin to rest and store energy for the cold days. F．“Li” (立) refers to the start of a season as well as the change of seasons. G．In northern China, it is customary to eat dumplings during the winter days. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了立冬的时间，立冬时景物的变化，立冬的阶段，习俗等。 1．根据上一段最后一句“The Start of Winter or “Lidong” (立冬), the 19th solar term (节气) in China, begins this year on Nov. 7 and ends on Nov. 21. (立冬是中国的第 19 个节气，从今年11月7日开始，到11月21日结束。)”引入立冬这一话题，下面就该具体介绍了。以及下文“For the northern hemisphere, biting winds blow from the north, crops harvested in autumn have been stored up, and creatures begin to rest and hibernate (冬眠) for the coming winter. (对于北半球来说，刺骨的风从北方吹来，秋天收获的农作物已经被储存起来，生物开始休息和冬眠以迎接即将到来的冬天。)”具体描述立冬时万物的变化，可知，选项 F“‘立’指一个季节的开始以及季节的变化。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选 F。 2．根据本段小标题“Three phases (阶段) of Lidong (立冬的三个阶段)”以及空后第一句“In the first phase of Lidong, water begins to freeze. (在立冬的第一阶段，水开始结冰。)” 可知，选项 A“立冬分为三个阶段。”与本段小标题一致，是本段的主题句，后面介绍的是这三个阶段的特点，故选 A。 3．根据本段小标题“Three phases (阶段)of Lidong (立冬的三个阶段)”以及本段中“In the first phase of Lidong, water begins to freeze. (在立冬的第一阶段，水开始结冰。)”和“The second phase of Lidong brings frozen ground. (立冬的第二阶段带来了冰冻的地面。)”可推知，接下来要介绍的是立冬的第三个阶段，选项 B“第三阶段很少见到鸟类。”与空后“As migratory birds move south and resident birds store their food in the nest, the sky often seems lonely without its winged friends. (随着候鸟向南迁徙，留鸟将食物储存在巢中，没有了长翅膀的朋友，天空常常显得孤独。)”内容一致，符合语境。选项 B 能够承上启下，故选 B。 4．根据本段小标题“Traditional customs (传统习俗)”以及下文“For people in southern China, high-calorie food such as beef, chicken, mutton, and fish is their favorites during the days of Lidong(对于中国南方的人来说，在立冬的日子里，牛肉、鸡肉、羊肉和鱼等高热量食物是他们的最爱)”可知，本段主要谈论的立冬的一些习俗，选项 G“在中国北方，人们习惯在冬天吃饺子。”符合本段主题，且与后文紧密衔接，故选 G。 5．根据本段小标题“Turn of the year (一年中的转折点。)”以及上文“Though for the northern hemisphere, the days are getting colder and nights longer, the year will soon pass by. (尽管对北半球来说，白天越来越冷，夜晚越来越长，但一年将很快就过去了。)” 表达立冬是结束，可知选项 D“事实上，立冬是结束，更是开始。”符合语境，故选 D。 （23-24高二上·江苏无锡·期末）“Exercise snack” does good. Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits. 1 That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session. Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time. 2 It’s still ideal to get longer exercise sessions regularly, but you’ll benefit from any amount that you can fit into your day. 3 Lifting your voice in a choir (合唱团) has cognitive (认知的) benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers. This makes sense, since it’s a hobby that requires attention, information processing, linguistic output, learning and memory.Parkinson’s patients should hit the links. 4 But many patients lack the motivation. In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55. 5 Just as importantly, 86 per cent of golfers said they were “definitely” likely to continue the activity after the study’s end, compared to 33 per cent of the tai chi group. A．Choir singing boosts the brain. B．Developing hobbies improves memory. C．Short bursts of exercise will benefit the health in the short term. D．However, evidence has shown that anything is better than nothing. E．The patients playing golf saw their balance and walking ability improve. F．Exercise is one of the most powerful treatments for people with Parkinson’s disease. G．Examples include a few push-ups, 60 seconds on an bike, or a jog up a flight of stairs. 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．A 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“把锻炼当零食”这一理念，以及介绍了参加合唱和打高尔夫对健康有益处。 1．上文“Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits.(健康专家过去常说，你需要一次锻炼至少十分钟才能获得任何益处)”以及下文“That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session.(这就是为什么世界卫生组织的《身体活动和久坐行为指南》不再建议锻炼的最短时间)”说明锻炼的时间长度不再像过去一样受限，D项“然而，证据表明，有总比什么都没有好。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选D。 2．上文“Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time.(与此同时，科学家们采用了“把锻炼当零食”这一术语，指的是只需要花很少时间的突发性体育活动)”说明“把锻炼当零食”是一种只需要花很少时间的体育活动，G项“例子包括几个俯卧撑，骑自行车60秒，或在一段楼梯上慢跑。”具体举例说明“把锻炼当零食”，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 3．下文“Lifting your voice in a choir has cognitive benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers.(根据发表在Plos One上的一项芬兰研究，在合唱团提高嗓门对认知有好处。研究发现，与非歌手相比，老年歌手的语言流畅性更好)”说明在合唱团提高嗓音合唱对认知有益处，A项中Choir singing是关键词，A项“合唱能增强大脑。”引出下文，适合做本段小标题。故选A。 4．下文“But many patients lack the motivation.(但许多患者缺乏动力)”说明许多帕金森患者缺乏锻炼的动力，F项“锻炼是帕金森病患者最有效的治疗方法之一。”引出下文，与下文形成转折关系，符合题意。故选F。 5．上文“In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55.(为了确定一种有益的体育活动，美国神经学学会的一项研究将可以极大地改善平衡和防止摔倒的太极拳比作高尔夫，一项许多55岁以上的人最喜欢的运动)”说明高尔夫和太极拳一样，可以改善平衡和防止摔倒，E项“打高尔夫球的患者发现他们的平衡和行走能力有所改善。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are in a temper, you make quick ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret. 1 How to stop being angry? Here are four ways that you can fight the causes of anger. Firstly, you need to change your attitude to the way the world works. You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely. The actions of other people can be a significant cause of anger. Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and angry. 2 Secondly, don’t dismiss anger as a bad emotion. There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things. Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA．Gandhi was angry about British rule in India. They both used that anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice. Thirdly, reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. But it is a habit, and habits can be broken. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers. 3 This way, your anger will not get the emotional food it needs to survive. Fourthly, don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something (or even someone), or scream when we are angry. It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally. 4 By learning control, you can become a much calmer. You will be better liked and better placed to influence others. 5 That control will come once you identify what is at the root of your anger. Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes, and you will find that you will turn angry much less often, if at all. A．You need to learn not to respond at all. B．Anger of this type can be used to fuel action. C．But that is what you must do if you are to stop anger. D．You will also regret bad words spoken without thought. E．Take positive steps towards solving the present problem. F．You must recognize that anger is something you can control. G．Realizing that no-one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. 【答案】1．D 2．G 3．A 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种可以帮助对抗愤怒的方法。 1．根据上文“Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are in a temper, you make quick ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret.(愤怒是最具破坏性的情绪。当你在发脾气的时候，你很快就做出了你可能会后悔的考虑不周全的决定)”可知，空前举例愤怒会给人带来的负面结果，空后提出问题“如何停止生气？”并提出建议。由此可知，空处可能是又举一例子证明愤怒情绪带来的负面后果。D项：You will also regret bad words spoken without thought.(你也会为未经思考就说了脏话而后悔)符合语境，“also regret”与空前regret呼应。故选D项。 2．根据上文“Firstly, you need to change your attitude to the way the world works. You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely. The actions of other people can be a significant cause of anger. Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and angry.(你需要改变你对世界运转方式的态度。你必须接受有时候事情确实会出错，人们并不总是可爱的。其他人的行为可能是愤怒的重要原因。试着接受别人的行为确实会让你沮丧和生气)”可知，本段主要介绍从自己的认识来转变自己看待世界的态度，并从事和人两方面列举了建议。由此可知，G. Realizing that no-one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry.(意识到没有人是完美的这个事实是避免生气的一个好的开始)承接上文，符合题意。故选G项。 3．根据上文“Thirdly, reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. But it is a habit, and habits can be broken. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers.(第三，生气是一个很难改掉的习惯。但这是一种习惯，习惯是可以打破的。诀窍是在面对通常令人生气的情况时避免做出反应)”可知，通过不回应可以避免愤怒带来的负面影响。A项：You need to learn not to respond at all.(你需要学会完全不去回应)符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据上文“Fourthly, don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something (or even someone), or scream when we are angry. It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally.(第四，当你生气的时候，不要轻举妄动。当我们生气的时候，我们都会想要扔东西，打东西(甚至是人)，或者尖叫。要保持冷静，远离冲突，或者深呼吸并正常行事，就难多了)”可知，保持冷静是很难做到的。由此可知，C. But that is what you must do if you are to stop anger.(但如果你想停止愤怒，这就是你必须做的)符合语境，虽然很难，但是必须做。故选C项。 5．根据下文“That control will come once you identify what is at the root of your anger. (一旦你找到愤怒的根源，这种控制就可以做到)”可知，认识到愤怒的根源，就可以控制愤怒情绪。由此可知,F.You must recognize that anger is something you can control.(你必须认识到愤怒是你可以控制的)作为段首句，下一句中的That control与F项中的control呼应。故选F项。 （23-24高二上·江苏徐州·期末）As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own negatives. Understanding them will help create strategies for more efficiently delivering the lessons, ensuring a good learning journey for students. So, what are the disadvantages of online learning? 1 For many students, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. There’s a great chance for students to be easily attracted by social media or other sites. Therefore, it is vital for the teachers to keep their online classes interesting and interactive. It will help students stay focused on the lesson. Technology issues 2 While Internet coverage has grown over the past few years, in smaller cities and towns, a consistent connection with great speed is a problem. Without a consistent Internet connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child. This is harmful to the education process. Sense of isolation Students can learn a lot from being in the company of their peers. 3 This often results in a sense of isolation for the students. In this situation, it is important that the school should allow for other forms of communication between students and teachers. 4 Teacher training Online learning requires teachers to have a basic understanding of using digital forms of learning. 5 Very often, teachers have a very basic understanding of technology. Sometimes, they don’t even have the necessary resources or tools to conduct online classes. To solve this, it is important for schools to invest in training teachers with the latest technology updates. A．Screen time management B．Inability to focus on screens C．Yet this is not always the case. D．This increase in screen time is one of the biggest concerns. E．However, in an online class, there is little physical interaction. F．Another key challenge of online classes is Internet connectivity. G．This can include online messages, emails and video conferencing. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的一些缺点。 1．根据本段内容“For many students, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. There’s a great chance for students to be easily attracted by social media or other sites. Therefore, it is vital for the teachers to keep their online classes interesting and interactive. It will help students stay focused on the lesson.(对于许多学生来说，在线学习最大的挑战之一就是难以长时间专注于屏幕。学生很容易被社交媒体或其他网站所吸引。因此，对教师来说，保持在线课程的趣味性和互动性是至关重要的。这样可以帮助学生集中注意力上课)”可知，本段的主旨是在线学习无法专注于屏幕。故B选项“无法专注于屏幕”符合题意，可以作为小标题，故选B。 2．根据后文“While Internet coverage has grown over the past few years, in smaller cities and towns, a consistent connection with great speed is a problem. Without a consistent Internet connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child. This is harmful to the education process.(虽然互联网覆盖范围在过去几年有所扩大，但在较小的城市和城镇，高速的持续连接是一个问题。如果学生或老师没有持续的互联网连接，孩子的学习就会缺乏连续性。这对教育过程是有害的)”可知，后文主要说明了互联网连接所存在的问题。故F选项“在线课程的另一个关键挑战是互联网连接”符合语境，故选F。 3．根据上文“Students can learn a lot from being in the company of their peers.(学生们可以从同伴的陪伴中学到很多东西)”以及后文“This often results in a sense of isolation for the students.(这往往会导致学生产生一种孤立感)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出在线课程存在的问题。故E选项“然而，在线课程中，身体互动很少”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据上文“In this situation, it is important that the school should allow for other forms of communication between students and teachers.(在这种情况下，学校允许学生和老师之间进行其他形式的交流是很重要的)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明其它交流形式有哪些。故G选项“这可以包括在线消息、电子邮件和视频会议”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“Online learning requires teachers to have a basic understanding of using digital forms of learning.(在线学习要求教师对使用数字学习形式有基本的了解)”以及后文“Very often, teachers have a very basic understanding of technology.(通常情况下，教师对技术只有非常基本的了解)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出教师对数字学习形式的了解情况并不是很充分的情况。故C选项“然而情况并非总是如此。”符合语境，故选C。 （23-24高二上·江苏南通·期末）As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. 1 . “Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. 2 . The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes. She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard. 3 . Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity, “gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains. Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. 4 . And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain. Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”, says Vander Meer. 5 . She expresses her worries. Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates “visual note-taking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked (互连的) by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”. A．Young kids should learn several basic drawing skills. B．It is believed that typing may be easier for young children. C．Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard. D．It has to be done by hand, not necessarily typing on a keyboard. E．So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful. F．She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors G．It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．G 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇介绍了关于无纸化学习的危害，相比于传统纸质手写的学习，其对儿童具有一定危害，研究人员呼吁要将两种学习模式结合。 1．根据上文“As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. (一项新的研究指出，随着数字设备接管社会，“键盘活动”现在经常被推荐作为早期手写的替代品)”并结合第二段首句“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital(挪威的一些学校已经完全数字化)”推知，空处指出很多人认为打字比手写更容易，才能引出下文内容。B项“It is believed that typing may be easier for young children.(人们认为打字对小孩更容易)”符合题意，承上启下。故选B。 2．根据上文““Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.(“挪威的一些学校已经完全数字化，”这项新研究的负责人奥德丽·范德米尔指出，她在特隆赫姆的挪威科技大学工作)”和下文“The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes.(她指出，人类的大脑已经发展成以尽可能多的方式与世界互动)”可知，上文提到了一位科学家和她的观点，后文开始说一些研究结论，比如人脑的机制等。由此推知，空处应该涉及到一些研究过程。F项“She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors(她测量大脑活动以更好地理解学习和行为)”符合题意，提到了这位科学家对人脑活动进行了估算。故选F。 3．下文“Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain.(她的新发现证明了这一点。这是因为书写和印刷涉及复杂的运动，这些运动会激活大脑的更多区域)”指出手写和打字都涉及到多方面大脑活动，意在强调前者的重要性不亚于后者。C项“Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard.(使用钢笔比使用键盘需要更多的大脑)”符合题意。故选C。 4．根据上文“By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. (相比之下，当我们写作时，我们的大脑需要思考和恢复每个字母的记忆)”和下文“And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain.(我们需要控制我们的手来按压笔或铅笔来塑造不同的字母。所有这些都使用并连接了大脑的更多区域)”可知，上文提到人们在手写时大脑的活动，下文提到了需要手来控制写字的大小形状等。由此推知，空处话题应与上下文一致。G项“It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing.(我们也有必要用眼睛观察我们正在书写的形状)”符合题意，also表明与上文的并列关系。故选G。 5．根据下文“She expresses her worries.(她表达了她的担忧)”推知，空处内容是关于数字化的危害。E项“So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful.(因此，只通过一种形式的数字学习可能是有害的)”符合题意，故选E。 （23-24高二上·江苏淮安·期末）For people who are not self-disciplined, their life is full of pain, and all pain comes from their own inability. 1 So how do you achieve self-discipline? Have control over body. Self-disciplined people will not be so bad; those who can lose weight successfully have high requirements for themselves. Health is the most important foundation of your self-discipline. 2 They work for one hour and charge for eight hours, and the efficiency is extremely low. If you don’t have time to exercise, you can only spend time seeing a doctor after the red light of your physical condition. Have a good sense of time. The more self-disciplined you are, the more time you’ll have to manage. A precise schedule can save you a lot of unnecessary time costs. 3 The beauty of time front allows you to use more free time to read, exercise, master a skill, and severely surpass the person who is still sleeping in bed. 4 Self-disciplined people will not be willing to stay in the comfort zone, but will keep developing their own new field world with the mentality of giving it a try. Choosing ease and obeying instinct(本能)will bring the game of life to a dead end. And self-discipline may not always let you win. 5 If you decide that suffering is what you deserve, then the light will unavoidably come to you the same way. A．Have a feeling of freshness. B．But it will never let you lose. C．Keep breaking personal ceiling. D．People who do not work out are like a red light. E．People who do not exercise are like an aging battery. F．A self-disciplined person lives a particularly advanced and free life. G．In addition, self-disciplined people will create time for themselves-get up early. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．G 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍自律的方法。 1．根据上文“For people who are not self-disciplined, their life is full of pain, and all pain comes from their own inability. (对于不自律的人来说，他们的生活充满了痛苦，所有的痛苦都来自于自己的无能。)”和下文“So how do you achieve self-discipline? (那么你如何做到自律呢？)”可知，文章接下来要阐述自律的方法，所以要有过渡句，引入自律的话题。选项F“一个自律的人过着特别高级和自由的生活。”和上下文意思一致。故选F。 2．根据下文“They work for one hour and charge for eight hours, and the efficiency is extremely low. If you don’t have time to exercise, you can only spend time seeing a doctor after the red light of your physical condition. (他们工作一小时，充电八小时，效率极低。如果你没有时间锻炼，你只能在身体状况出现红灯后花时间去看医生。)”可知，这里提到不锻炼的情况。选项E“不锻炼的人就像老化的电池。”和下文意思一致。故选E。 3．根据上文“Have a good sense of time. The more self-disciplined you are, the more time you’ll have to manage. A precise schedule can save you a lot of unnecessary time costs. (有很好的时间感。你越自律，你需要管理的时间就越多。精确的时间表可以为您节省大量不必要的时间成本。)”可知，这一段主要阐述时间管理。选项G“此外，自律的人会为自己创造早起的时间。”和上文意思一致。故选G。 4．根据下文“Self-disciplined people will not be willing to stay in the comfort zone, but will keep developing their own new field world with the mentality of giving it a try. (自律的人不会愿意待在舒适区，而是抱着试一试的心态，不断开发自己的新领域。)”可知，这一段介绍自律就需要不断挑战自己。选项C“不断打破个人最高限度。”和下文意思一致。故选C。 5．根据上文“And self-discipline may not always let you win. (自律未必总能让你获胜。)”和下文“If you decide that suffering is what you deserve, then the light will unavoidably come to you the same way. (如果你决定苦难是你应得的，那么光明将不可避免地以同样的方式来到你身边。)”可知，这里讲述虽然自律不会让你一直赢，但最终还是会你赢。选项B“但它决不会让你输。”和上下文意思一致。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期末复习之七选五15篇 (江苏期末真题) （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期末）In our ever-evolving world, where both personal and professional areas are loaded with challenges, problem solving skills are increasingly valuable in the workplace. 1 Here’s how to enhance your strategy. Clear and brief communication is the key to effective problem-solving, acting as the bridge that connects diverse perspectives toward a common goal. 2 It involves choosing the right words, structuring information logically, and being mindful of the audience to ensure that your message is both impressive and comprehensible. Active listening, on the other hand, is the skill of receiving information. It includes not just hearing words but understanding the underlying messages. 3 To foster creativity, individuals must engage in activities that stimulate their imagination and encourage new perspectives. Have free-flowing brainstorming sessions that allow for the exploration of diverse ideas without immediate judgment. Additionally, exposing yourself to different fields promotes creative solution. Mistakes are not failures but valuable stepping stones on the path to mastery. 4 Analyse what went wrong, identify areas for improvement and use this knowledge to inform your future problem-solving efforts. Creating a culture that opens the eyes of mistakes within a team or organization encourages an environment where individuals feel comfortable admitting errors. The journey to becoming a skilled problem solver is an ongoing process of growth and improvement. 5 Remain curious and open to acquiring new knowledge and skills that are directly applicable to your problem-solving attempt. That ensures you stay ahead of evolving challenges and acquire the skills needed to navigate an ever-changing landscape. Furthermore, participating in industry events, joining professional associations and connecting with mentors can offer insights that enrich your problem-solving skills. A．Seek continuous learning opportunities. B．Therefore, comprehension is a vital skill to develop. C．Effective conversation begins with the art of expression. D．Problem-solving at its best requires the out-of-the-box thinking. E．And they could help you achieve more in your personal life too. F．Each misstep provides an opportunity for reflection and learning. G．Each individual brings unique information to overcome challenges. （23-24高二上·江苏苏州·期末）Critical thinking can be described as disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence. While that seems to describe the ability of many professionals, some leaders in organizations today have a strong feeling that this ability is fading. 1 Be a continuous learner. Learners have a natural sense of curiosity about the world and their profession. They read and talk to people. 2 This can come from reading, talking to subject matter experts, listening to lectures online, or attending conferences. The more they know, the more evidence they have to consider when making a decision. Make the right decision for the majority. Critical thinkers put their egos aside and think about what is best for the overall organization. 3 However, their goal is seeking to understand and then making a clear and rational decision that is best for the majority. Listen and consider unconventional opinions. 4 They don’t like the phrase “that is the way we have always done it.” They also see that collaboration with their team, their profession, and sometimes their competitors will bring about the best solutions, and they are OK with that. 5 Critical thinkers develop a skill for explaining to others why they came to a specific conclusion. Others can follow their reasoning and can understand their thinking. They are willing to change their views when they are provided with more information that allows greater understanding. A．Analyze oneself. B．Avoid misunderstanding. C．Maybe that is not the best solution for the individual. D．Basically, they educate themselves without being told to. E．Critical thinkers have a tendency to seek out new solutions to old problems. F．Critical thinkers will avoid the trap of too much information for decision-making. G．Here are strategies that will help you and your team grow critical thinking skills. （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Do you think that your life stay unchanged? Have you reached a point where things are ok, but not very exciting? If you do feel these things, then it is time to do something to increase the quality of your life. 1 What is more, you only get one, so you do need to make it the very best you can. So, how can you increase the quality of your life? Treat yourself. It doesn’t matter if it’s a meal out or a visit to a theater. Make the first thing a treat that you have been dreaming of for some time. 2 Treats can be free, and you can always spare time if you want to. Make a daily plan. Do you wake up in the morning with a feeling that there is just so much to get done? Start each day by focusing on what to do, and then make a list for that day. A few minutes spent making a list will prevent you from forgetting something important, and will help you prioritize your tasks. 3 Grow a positive thinking habit. Do you suffer negative thoughts? Being negative damages your quality of life. 4 It will take work, but changing the way you think will bring greater happiness and make your quality of life much better. “Can do” is a fantastic motto for life. Why not buy a T-shirt with “YESICAN” on the front? Life is good. You are lucky to be alive. Make the most of the years you have on Earth and Enjoy. 5 . Follow the advice above and you will surely increase the quality of your life. Be positive, and be happy. A．Life is what you make it. B．Don’t waste them being negative. C．Stop being a defeatist and start being an optimist. D．Don’t make excuses about not having time or money. E．It is a good idea to think of something cheap as a treat. F．Everyone at some time feels that their life is going nowhere. G．Crossing completed jobs off your list will make you feel positive. （23-24高二上·江苏徐州·期末）There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution. 1 It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and decorating products, bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain these chemicals. 2 For instance, cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions, like frying meat in oil. As a research from Denmark has highlighted, cooking, particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. 3 When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes. 4 And what can we do with it? As far as cooking emissions are concerned, no one is suggesting switching to takeaways. 5 For example, cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta. Besides, opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects. A．In the long run, these changes lead to cancer. B．They might also arise from cooking at home. C．A wide range of sources are under investigation. D．Therefore, what results from indoor air pollution? E．However, most of us have ignored their bad effects. F．So, what are the main contributors to poor air quality? G．But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions. （23-24高二上·江苏南通·期末）The bonds of female friendship run deep and strong, so are they the new encouraging relationship, or idealized? 1 In many ways, my close friendships with women are what you’d expect from TV shows like The Golden Girls: emotionally close and involved, fierce and rude. What these shows get right about girl friendship is that our bonds run deep and strong. 2 In those shows, we can see friends whose lives are so deeply mixed that they appear at each other’s doors whenever needed; a ride-or-die girl group who are at your side for life. 3 This phenomenon is called friendship jealousy, and it’s pretty common. “We feel friendship envy because so much of our confidence is gained from us knowing who we ‘belong’ to,” psychologist Lilly Sabir said. If we don’t have access to the sisterhood we think we’re supposed to as women, we can feel rejected and lonely. 4 There’s no fixed way for these relationships. You might have a group of girls who meet for lunch once a week, or you might have a few friends who aren’t part of the same group. 5 Maybe you don’t see yourself in either of those situations, but love your friends all the same. All of this is fine—it’s the quality of your connections that counts. Healthy friendships are about trust and being able to be vulnerable with each other, not to prove you’re living life the right way. There’s nothing quite like having friends who really understand you, so let’s enjoy our mates without overthinking it, shall we? A．Are we supposed to give way to each other? B．But they also tend to idealize these relationships. C．So how should we enjoy our female friendships? D．The ways we show up for each other can truly be beautiful. E．Tolerating friends’ characters is a good way to maintain the friendship. F．Whatever they are, enjoying friendships and not overthinking them is key. G．Ever seen a group of girl-friends smiling over lunch and had a feeling of envy? （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期末）Sometimes our friends’ behavior can offend (冒犯) us; sometimes we can see changes they need to make — but how do we tell them? 1 It’s important to have solid evidence that there is indeed a problem. Evidence that can be agreed upon makes it easier for other people to recognize issues. 2 Psychologist Andrea Bonior suggests framing problems with “I”. Saying “I feel hurt that you spend less time with me” is less accusatory (谴责的) than “You never spend time with me!” and is focused more clearly on the impact. 3 Becoming tense might lead you to react badly and cause an argument. Bonior recommends that you should acknowledge the conversation could make you anxious. If you think about this yourself, it can help you focus on positive results. If you admit your anxiety to your friend, you will show a more human side. Another psychologist, Laura Brennan, points out how it’s important that we let go of our ego (自我) and don’t focus on the need to be proved right. This can help reduce tension. 4 Many experts recommend planning your words so that you can say things in a way that avoids conflict. However, Bonior cautions against overplanning, as this can stop you from being flexible enough to genuinely follow and participate in the discussion. Be realistic. Complicated problems are unlikely to be solved with one conversation. Consider what is possible in one discussion and that it may be harder than you initially thought. 5 A．Staying calm is vital. B．Are there any ways to make difficult conversations easier? C．Some people like to gather evidence to support their concerns. D．This will help you to set realistic goals for what you can achieve. E．Once you have proof, it’s important to highlight how it impacts us and others. F．Should we always be completely honest with our friends about their behavior? G．We can lower the potential for conflict by listening to the other person and asking questions. （23-24高二上·江苏常州·期末）Nowadays hair loss is a common concern for many young people in China, and it can be caused by a variety of factors. 1 One common cause of hair loss in young people is genetics. Male and female pattern baldness,is a hereditary (遗传的) condition that can lead to hair thinning and loss. 2 And it also features overall thinning of the hair in women. In addition to genetics, certain medical conditions and treatments can also contribute to hair loss in young people. Conditions such as thyroid (甲状腺 )disorders, different diseases, and hormonal imbalances can all lead to hair thinning. Additionally, undergoing treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can result in temporary hair loss. 3 Poor nutrition, too busy work, and certain hairstyling practices can contribute to hair thinning. For example, a diet lacking in essential nutrients, such as protein, iron, and vitamins,can impact the health of the hair and scalp (头皮). 4 This includes tight hairstyles, frequent use of heat styling tools, and harsh chemical treatments. Additionally, emotional stress and mental health conditions can contribute to hair loss in some individuals. To address hair loss in young people, it is important to identify the underlying cause. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist (皮肤病医生) or trichologist. 5 Treatment options may include topical medications, and hair restoration procedures. In conclusion, hair loss among young people can be attributed to a variety of factors, including genetics, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices. A．Lifestyle factors can also play a role in hair loss among young individuals. B．Furthermore, extreme tension on the hair can lead to hair damage and loss. C．Understanding the causes can help individuals take active steps to address the issue. D．Overall, it highlights the need for greater support for individuals experiencing this issue. E．This can help determine the reason for hair loss and develop a personalized treatment plan. F．This type of hair loss is often characterized by a disappearing hairline or thinning crown in men. G．Additionally, the pressure to maintain a certain appearance may lead to increased levels of anxiety. （23-24高二上·江苏南京·期末）As the autumn colors fade over time, cold days are well underway. The Start of Winter or “Lidong” (立冬), the 19th solar term (节气) in China, begins this year on Nov. 7 and ends on Nov. 21. 1 For the northern hemisphere, biting winds blow from the north, crops harvested in autumn have been stored up, and creatures begin to rest and hibernate (冬眠) for the coming winter. Three phases (阶段) of Lidong 2 In the first phase of Lidong, water begins to freeze. Ice often encrusts lakes in just one night in northern China, which reminds people of the coming cold winter. The second phase of Lidong brings frozen ground. The thin ice is easily broken if stepped on. The ice covers and protects crops and farmlands from pests and discases. 3 As migratory birds move south and resident birds store their food in the nest, the sky often seems lonely without its winged friends. Traditional customs On the day of Lidong, people would treat themselves with feasts, as a reward for their hard work during the busy months. Some brave swimming enthusiasts take a dive in cold rivers to celebrate the Beginning of Winter, and of course, to exercise their bodies. 4 For people in southern China, high-caloric food such as beef, chicken, mutton, and fish is their favorites during the days of Lidong, and can provide enough energy and fat to help them see the winter out. Turn of the year Though for the northern hemisphere, the days are getting colder and nights longer, the year will soon pass by. 5 A．Lidong is divided into three phases. B．Birds are rarely seen in the third phase. C．First things first. D．As a matter of fact, Lidong is the beginning of the end. E．Some living creatures begin to rest and store energy for the cold days. F．“Li” (立) refers to the start of a season as well as the change of seasons. G．In northern China, it is customary to eat dumplings during the winter days. （23-24高二上·江苏无锡·期末）“Exercise snack” does good. Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits. 1 That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session. Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time. 2 It’s still ideal to get longer exercise sessions regularly, but you’ll benefit from any amount that you can fit into your day. 3 Lifting your voice in a choir (合唱团) has cognitive (认知的) benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers. This makes sense, since it’s a hobby that requires attention, information processing, linguistic output, learning and memory.Parkinson’s patients should hit the links. 4 But many patients lack the motivation. In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55. 5 Just as importantly, 86 per cent of golfers said they were “definitely” likely to continue the activity after the study’s end, compared to 33 per cent of the tai chi group. A．Choir singing boosts the brain. B．Developing hobbies improves memory. C．Short bursts of exercise will benefit the health in the short term. D．However, evidence has shown that anything is better than nothing. E．The patients playing golf saw their balance and walking ability improve. F．Exercise is one of the most powerful treatments for people with Parkinson’s disease. G．Examples include a few push-ups, 60 seconds on an bike, or a jog up a flight of stairs. （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are in a temper, you make quick ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret. 1 How to stop being angry? Here are four ways that you can fight the causes of anger. Firstly, you need to change your attitude to the way the world works. You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely. The actions of other people can be a significant cause of anger. Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and angry. 2 Secondly, don’t dismiss anger as a bad emotion. There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things. Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA．Gandhi was angry about British rule in India. They both used that anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice. Thirdly, reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. But it is a habit, and habits can be broken. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers. 3 This way, your anger will not get the emotional food it needs to survive. Fourthly, don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something (or even someone), or scream when we are angry. It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally. 4 By learning control, you can become a much calmer. You will be better liked and better placed to influence others. 5 That control will come once you identify what is at the root of your anger. Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes, and you will find that you will turn angry much less often, if at all. A．You need to learn not to respond at all. B．Anger of this type can be used to fuel action. C．But that is what you must do if you are to stop anger. D．You will also regret bad words spoken without thought. E．Take positive steps towards solving the present problem. F．You must recognize that anger is something you can control. G．Realizing that no-one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. （23-24高二上·江苏徐州·期末）As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own negatives. Understanding them will help create strategies for more efficiently delivering the lessons, ensuring a good learning journey for students. So, what are the disadvantages of online learning? 1 For many students, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. There’s a great chance for students to be easily attracted by social media or other sites. Therefore, it is vital for the teachers to keep their online classes interesting and interactive. It will help students stay focused on the lesson. Technology issues 2 While Internet coverage has grown over the past few years, in smaller cities and towns, a consistent connection with great speed is a problem. Without a consistent Internet connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child. This is harmful to the education process. Sense of isolation Students can learn a lot from being in the company of their peers. 3 This often results in a sense of isolation for the students. In this situation, it is important that the school should allow for other forms of communication between students and teachers. 4 Teacher training Online learning requires teachers to have a basic understanding of using digital forms of learning. 5 Very often, teachers have a very basic understanding of technology. Sometimes, they don’t even have the necessary resources or tools to conduct online classes. To solve this, it is important for schools to invest in training teachers with the latest technology updates. A．Screen time management B．Inability to focus on screens C．Yet this is not always the case. D．This increase in screen time is one of the biggest concerns. E．However, in an online class, there is little physical interaction. F．Another key challenge of online classes is Internet connectivity. G．This can include online messages, emails and video conferencing. （23-24高二上·江苏南通·期末）As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. 1 . “Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. 2 . The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes. She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard. 3 . Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity, “gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains. Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. 4 . And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain. Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”, says Vander Meer. 5 . She expresses her worries. Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates “visual note-taking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked (互连的) by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”. A．Young kids should learn several basic drawing skills. B．It is believed that typing may be easier for young children. C．Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard. D．It has to be done by hand, not necessarily typing on a keyboard. E．So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful. F．She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors G．It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing. （23-24高二上·江苏淮安·期末）For people who are not self-disciplined, their life is full of pain, and all pain comes from their own inability. 1 So how do you achieve self-discipline? Have control over body. Self-disciplined people will not be so bad; those who can lose weight successfully have high requirements for themselves. Health is the most important foundation of your self-discipline. 2 They work for one hour and charge for eight hours, and the efficiency is extremely low. If you don’t have time to exercise, you can only spend time seeing a doctor after the red light of your physical condition. Have a good sense of time. The more self-disciplined you are, the more time you’ll have to manage. A precise schedule can save you a lot of unnecessary time costs. 3 The beauty of time front allows you to use more free time to read, exercise, master a skill, and severely surpass the person who is still sleeping in bed. 4 Self-disciplined people will not be willing to stay in the comfort zone, but will keep developing their own new field world with the mentality of giving it a try. Choosing ease and obeying instinct(本能)will bring the game of life to a dead end. And self-discipline may not always let you win. 5 If you decide that suffering is what you deserve, then the light will unavoidably come to you the same way. A．Have a feeling of freshness. B．But it will never let you lose. C．Keep breaking personal ceiling. D．People who do not work out are like a red light. E．People who do not exercise are like an aging battery. F．A self-disciplined person lives a particularly advanced and free life. G．In addition, self-disciplined people will create time for themselves-get up early. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$