Unit 1 Saving the Earth Reading 主题阅读 （分层练习）英语牛津上海版九年级下册

Unit 1 Saving the Earth Reading 主题阅读 夯实基础 A The Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院) fire has been put out, but its spire (尖顶) and a large portion of its wooden roof have been damaged. The terrible destruction causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world. “What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore.” But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely through a video game called Assassin’s Creed: Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. Further, with virtual reality technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage. The idea of making digital models of ancient buildings to save their data dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with multiple images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one. As computers and smartphones are hugely popular, the digital model has great useful value. First, it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore, it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000, a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo, which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all, it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Of course, however precise a model is, it is not the original. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment. 1. What can we see about Notre Dame in the game? A. The damaged Notre Dame.              B. Its wooden shape. C. The big fire.              D. Its original look. 2. What will engineers do to create a digital copy of the ancient buildings? A. Build 3D models of full size.              B. Scan the photos of the buildings C. Measure all the parts exactly.              D. Improve the technology needed. 3. How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance? A. By giving examples.              B. By classification. C. By comparison.              D. By listing data. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the application of the technology? A. Delighted              B. Supportive C. Doubtful              D. Conservative 【答案解析】 1. D    2. C    3. A    4. B 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，运用现代技术的新手段——数字副本——保护建筑文化遗迹，并说明了这种技术的优点。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire.”（在这个游戏中，玩家可以一个接一个地去一个城市，进入建筑，就像他们在现实中一样，看到圣母院在火灾前的样子。），可知在游戏中可看到巴黎圣母院原来的样子。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中的“By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with multiple images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one.”（通过用激光扫描古建筑，用多幅图像建立三维模型，以及精确测量一切，工程师可以制作出与真实一样精确的副本。），可知工程师会精确测量所有古代建筑副本的零部件来创造古建筑的数字副本。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中的“The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore, it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000, a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo, which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all, it preserves all the information of the cultural relics.”（甘肃敦煌石窟的虚拟旅游就是一个很好的例子，因为游客不用站在附近就能看到这些画。通过网络传播对数字化文物的认识，可以使数字化文物更加出名。2000年，在汉诺威世博会上，虚拟的长城之旅变得非常受欢迎，在接下来的几年里，参观长城的外国游客增加了。最重要的是，它保存了文物的所有信息。），可知作者是举了敦煌和长城两个例子，说明数字副本的重要意义。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.”（也许我们将来会有更好的技术，但数字技术提供了一种切实可行的方式来保存建筑文化遗产。），可推断出作者是持有支持的态度。故选B项。 【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如在第4小题中，第三段最后一段中的“Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.”，是已知部分，通过结合原文进行合理地逻辑判断，可推断出作者是持有支持的态度。故选B项。 B Every year when the Italian artist Michelangelo’s (1475－1564，意大利文艺复兴时期著名雕刻家、画家、建筑师) birthday comes around, computer users all over the world are filled with fear (害怕) and use their computers with care. Some may even choose not to turn on their computers on March 3. All this fear and care are just because a deadly computer virus is ready to cause damages (破坏) on that day. What’s a computer virus then? Why do people get so afraid of it? A computer virus is, in fact, a little program that is put into other programs and that does something bad. It is called a virus because, like any real-life viruses such as AIDs virus, it reproduces itself. And when these programs are run, the virus is brought to life. It hides itself in your computer system waiting for the right moment to make damages. And at the same time it keeps producing itself by copying itself onto other programs. The Michelangelo virus waits until the artist’s birthday comes around, and then it will wake up to do very bad things like destroying you files (毁坏文档) . So next time when you turn on your computer, look out for computer viruses! 1. The Italian artist Michelangelo ____________. A. was born six centuries ago              B. was born on March 3, 1475 C. died six centuries ago              D. died on March 3, 1564 2. Why are computer users full of fear on March 3? Because _________. A. it is the birthday of a famous Italian artist. B. a kind of computer virus will come on that day C. a deadly computer virus called “the Michelangelo virus” will wake up and then damages that day. D. something will easily go wrong with computers 3. In fact, a computer virus is __________. A. a program which can be put into computers with some damages to them. B. a kind of real-life virus. C. a kind of virus like AIDS virus D. also a kind of program which is placed into other programs and which makes damages 【答案解析】 1. B    2. C    3. D 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了致命计算机病毒——米开朗基罗病毒。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段第一句中括号内Michelangelo的出生年代及第二句中的March 3rd可知，意大利艺术家米开朗基罗生于1475年3月3日，故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“All this fear and care are just because a deadly computer virus is ready to cause damages (破坏) on that day.”和最后一段第一句“The Michelangelo virus waits until the artist’s birthday comes around, and then it will wake up to do very bad things like destroying you files (毁坏文档) .”可推出，电脑用户对3月3日充满恐惧是因为一种被称为“米开朗基罗病毒”的致命计算机病毒将苏醒过来并造成损害，故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段第一句A computer virus is, in fact, a little program that is put into other programs and that does something bad.可知，事实上，计算机病毒是一个放入其他程序中的小程序，它会做一些坏事情。由此可知，计算机病毒是放入其他程序中会造成损害的电脑程序，故选D。 C Over a four-year period, Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keep human livers (肝)alive outside of the body for one week. Livers are among the most commonly transplanted (移植)human organs. Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients. The researchers say the purpose of their “Liver4Life” machine is to perform what they call liver perfusion (灌注)operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the process by which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste. The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeated testing and engineering development, they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive for seven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step to transplant machine-treated organs into patients. Pierre-Alain Clavien. leader of the research said in a statement. “This technology will greatly increase the number of livers available for transplant, improving the chances of survival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens the way for many new applications in transplantation and cancer medicine.” 1. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2? A. Introduce a brand new topic for discussion. B. Provide some latest data about present liver transplants. C. Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants. D. Remind readers concerned of the importance of a healthy liver. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The machine.              B. The liver. C. The temperature.              D. The tissue. 3. What can we learn about the Liver4Life machine? A. It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants. B. It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body. C. It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally. D. It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week. 4. Where is this text most likely from? A. A biology textbook.              B. A first aid brochure. C. A social web page.              D. A health magazine. 【答案解析】 1. C    2. B    3. C    4. D 【分析】 本文为一篇说明文。在四年多的时间里，瑞士研究人员开发出一种机器，可以让人的肝脏在体外存活一周。文章介绍了这个机器的作用，研究过程和意义。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients.目前的技术只能让人类的肝脏存活24小时。据报道，2017年，美国约有8000例肝移植手术在美国，另外还有360个活体捐赠者的肝脏，约有1.15万人在等待接受肝脏移植。延长肝脏的存活和功能可以大大提高患者的存活几率。推测作者在第二段中，想要展示肝脏移植技术改进的紧迫性。故选C项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据the machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. 这台机器将肝脏保持在适当的温度，后文主语为The machine，谓语为move，推测宾语与前文相同，也为liver。所以机器使肝脏保持在合适的温度，并以一种人体自然的方式移动肝脏。因此it指的是“肝脏”。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste. 这台机器将肝脏保持在适当的温度，并以人体的方式自然移动肝脏。利用泵像心脏一样向肝脏内注入血液，这台机器还向肝脏提供氧气，控制红细胞水平，并清除废物。 及第四段They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. 他们还发现该系统可以修复受损的肝脏。由此判断出，Liver4Life机器可以发挥多种功能，保持肝脏正常工作。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。在四年多的时间里，瑞士研究人员开发出一种机器，可以让人的肝脏在体外存活一周。文章介绍了这个机器的作用，研究过程和意义。推测这篇文章最有可能来自健康杂志。故选D项。 提升能力 A Barred owls (大林鸮猫头鹰) are a large species native to eastern North America, but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century. By 1973, large numbers of barred owls had arrived in the western state of Washington. Later they moved south into Oregon and California. In parts of the Pacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl’s worst enemy. The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals, like squirrels and wood rats. And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owl’s traditional territory (领地). David Wiens is a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls. It is an experimental program. More than 2,400 barred owls have already been shot. Wiens is the son of a well-known bird expert and grew up with the fascination for birds. He has mixed feelings about the program. “It’s a little distasteful, I think, to go out killing barred owls to save another owl species,” he says. But he adds, “We knew that barred owls were out competing spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast.” To catch barred owls, officials put digital (电子的) bird callers on the ground. Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air. All of this happens in the dark of night. Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory, so they will fly down and chase other owls out. That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them. 1．What’s the main problem with spotted owls? A．They have no food. B．They have more babies each year. C．They are hunted by man. D．Barred owls take many parts of their territory. 2．Why are barred owls being killed? A．They are eating the spotted owls. B．They are killing each other to survive. C．They are putting the spotted owls in danger. D．They are destroying large areas of forests. 3．Why did the officials put digital bird callers? A．To kill barred owls. B．To puzzle barred owls. C．To protect barred owls. D．To frighten barred owls. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Keeping the Balance of Nature B．Preventing Birds from Playing Fair C．Protecting Birds in Danger D．Killing One Animal to Save Another 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是因为大林鸮猫头鹰入侵了斑点猫头鹰的生活领地，导致斑点猫头鹰数量下降，于是政府官员决定采取一系列的措施杀死大林鸮猫头鹰来拯救斑点猫头鹰。 1．【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“In parts of the Pacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl’s worst enemy.(据信，在太平洋西北部的部分地区，这种猫头鹰导致了一种较小的、攻击性较弱的鸟类：北方斑点猫头鹰的数量下降。在很多方面，大林鸮猫头鹰是斑点猫头鹰最大的敌人)”可知，斑点猫头鹰的主要问题是它们的领地被另一种猫头鹰入侵了。故选D项。 2．【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“In parts of the Pacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl's worst enemy. The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals, like squirrels and wood rats. And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owl’s traditional territory.(据信，在太平洋西北部的部分地区，这种猫头鹰导致了一种较小的、攻击性较弱的鸟类：北方斑点猫头鹰的数量下降。在很多方面，大林鸮猫头鹰是斑点猫头鹰最大的敌人。大林鸮猫头鹰每年生更多的孩子，并且吃同样的动物，比如松鼠和木鼠。在斑点猫头鹰传统领地的许多地方，它们的数量现在都增加了)”以及第三段中“He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls.(他和其他官员正在采取不同寻常的措施来保护斑点猫头鹰：杀死大林鸮猫头鹰)”可知，大林鸮猫头鹰被杀死是因为斑点猫头鹰最大的敌人，它们的大量存在使斑点猫头鹰处于危险之中。故选C项。 3．【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls.(他和其他官员正在采取不同寻常的措施来保护斑点猫头鹰：杀死大林鸮猫头鹰)”以及最后一段“To catch barred owls, officials put digital bird callers on the ground. Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air. All of this happens in the dark of night. Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory, so they will fly down and chase other owls out. That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them.(为了捕捉大林鸮的猫头鹰，官员们在地面上放置了数字鸟类呼叫器。然后，他们退后一步，等待着这些设备发出的声音充满空气。这一切都发生在黑夜里。大林鸮猫头鹰不喜欢自己领地内的其他鸟类，所以它们会飞下来把其他猫头鹰赶走。这时，Wiens和他的团队试着把它们射下来)”可知，官员们安装数字鸟类呼叫器是为了杀死大林鸮猫头鹰。故选A项。 4．【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls.(他和其他官员正在采取不同寻常的措施来保护斑点猫头鹰：杀死大林鸮猫头鹰)”以及文章其他段落可知，文章主要介绍了因为大林鸮猫头鹰入侵了斑点猫头鹰的生活领地，导致斑点猫头鹰数量下降，于是政府官员决定采取一系列的措施杀死大林鸮猫头鹰来拯救斑点猫头鹰，所以文章主要围绕着政府官员如何杀死大林鸮猫头鹰来拯救斑点猫头鹰来展开。由此可知，D选项“Killing One Animal to Save Another.(杀死一种动物来拯救另一种)”概括全文主要内容，作为文章标题最合适。故选D项。 B Several days of unusual warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). “Temperatures have been running around -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year,” scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone—6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Put another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water. For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxious,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. “Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted.” In 2020, scientists found that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. “No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts,” said researchers. Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so they can ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had recently collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land,” Grinsted said. “So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer.” Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world. Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming. 5．How does the author support the topic of paragraph 1? A．By exploring reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By designing the numbers. D．By doing some experiments. 6．What did Kutalmis mean in paragraph 2? A．He disliked wearing a T-shirt. B．He worried about the warmth. C．He was deeply impressed by the ice. D．He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view. 7．What does the underlined word “destabilizing“ mean in paragraph 4? A．Quitting. B．Improving. C．Sheltering. D．Destroying. 8．What will the author probably do in the following paragraph? A．Recommend visiting Greenland. B．Describe how to ship out the ice core. C．Call on people to protect the environment. D．Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。 5．【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Temperatures have been running around -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year (气温一直在-12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和。)”可知作者通过比较来支持第一段的主题，故选B。 6．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxious,’ said Kutalmis Saylam (对于冰盖上的科学家来说，这种温暖令人担忧“这真的让我很焦虑，” Kutalmis Saylam说)”可知在第二段中的Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖，故选B。 7．【答案】D 【解析】词义猜测题。文章第四段划线单词后文讲到“The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land (我们现在看到的天气太热，滑雪飞机无法降落)”可知飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的“But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site(但这种温暖正在破坏着陆点的稳定)”可知降落地点遭到破坏，带下划线单词的意思是“破坏”，故选D。 8．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。文章最后一段讲到“Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming. (Grinsted将温度称为热浪，并指出温度升高的可能性显然与全球变暖有关。)” 可推理作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境，故选C。 C Wolves once ranged over most of North America. But they were nearly wiped out by the early 20th century in the neighbor U. S. by widespread hunting and trapping. Much of them were funded by government , and only a small population were hanging on in the Great Lakes region. They were put on the Endangered Species List in the 1970s, and in 1995 and 1996 the federal government reintroduced wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Idaho. But wolves still don’t have stable numbers in Colorado. Voters narrowly(勉强地)approved a proposal, giving the way for gray wolves to be reintroduced into Colorado, where they nearly died out by the 1940s. Colorado Parks and Wildlife will lead the effort to establish a sustainable (可持续的)population of the animals in the western part of the state, beginning in 2022 or 2023. The Southern Rocky Mountains contain millions of acres of suitable habitat land that could support several hundred wolves or more, biologists say. Those who were against the proposal admitted they lost, but the vote was close. As of Thursday afternoon, with 90 percent of the votes in, there were 1,495,523 votes for and 1,475,235 against.  “Reintroducing wolves will help thin out sick animals, keeping healthy populations of deer, and thus protecting the grass and reducing erosion (土壤侵蚀). ”says Jonathan Proctor. People in rural areas are against the reintroduction proposal, including farmers, who worry that wolves will kill their cattle. Many don’t agree to leave the question of reintroduction to voters. Supporters point to the successful reintroduction of wolves to the Northern Rockies in the 1990s, where only one in 10, 000 cattle in wolf-occupied counties is killed by the hunters, Proctor says. The Colorado proposal will also fund a program to make up for the farm animals being killed. 9．What’s the function of Paragraph 1? A．Finding typical examples. B．Introducing wildlife research. C．Giving the reason for the proposal. D．Discussing the numbers about migration. 10．The local farmers are against the reintroduction proposal because they think the wolves will ___________. A．kill their cattle B．cause erosion C．thin out sick animals D．protect the grass 11．What is the purpose of reintroducing wolves? A．To increase the farmers’ interests. B．To keep Colorado’s natural balance. C．To contribute to gradual soil erosion. D．To cause concern about the climate change. 12．What will the local farmers get from the proposal? A．Suggestions from biologists. B．Extra fund for losing farm animals. C．Knowledge of raising farm animals. D．The right to reclaim their valuable land. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于广泛的捕猎和诱捕，导致狼的数量急剧减少，因此美国科罗拉多州颁布一项提案，重新引入灰狼，以保持当地的自然平衡。 9．【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Wolves once ranged over most of North America. But they were nearly wiped out by the early 20th century in the neighbor U. S. by widespread hunting and trapping. Much of them were funded by government , and only a small population were hanging on in the Great Lakes region. They were put on the Endangered Species List in the 1970s, and in 1995 and 1996 the federal government reintroduced wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Idaho. But wolves still don’t have stable numbers in Colorado.”(狼曾经遍布北美大部分地区。但到20世纪初，由于广泛的狩猎和诱捕，它们在邻国美国几乎灭绝。其中大部分是由政府资助的，只有一小部分人在五大湖地区继续生存。它们在20世纪70年代被列入濒危物种名单，1995年和1996年，联邦政府将狼重新引入黄石国家公园和爱达荷州。但在科罗拉多州，狼的数量仍然不稳定。)可知，第一段陈述了由于广泛的捕猎和诱捕，狼的数量急剧减少，在20世纪70年代被列入濒危物种名单；再根据第一段关键句“Voters narrowly (勉强地) approved a proposal, giving the way for gray wolves to be reintroduced into Colorado, where they nearly died out by the 1940s.”（选民们以微弱优势通过了一项提案，为灰狼重新引入科罗拉多州铺平了道路，在20世纪40年代，灰狼几乎在科罗拉多州灭绝。）可知，后文介绍了正是因为狼的数量急剧减少，所以选民们通过了一项提案，将灰狼重新引入科罗拉多州，接下来的段落里介绍了提案的好处和人们对提案的看法，由此可知，第1段的作用是给出提案被提出的原因。故选C项。 10．【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“People in rural areas are against the reintroduction proposal, including farmers, who worry that wolves will kill their cattle.”（农村地区的人们反对这项重新引入的提议，包括农民，他们担心狼会杀死他们的牛。）可知，当地的农民反对重新引进狼群的提议，因为他们认为这是狼群会杀死他们的牛。故选A。 11．【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“‘Reintroducing wolves will help thin out sick animals, keeping healthy populations of deer, and thus protecting the grass and reducing erosion (土壤侵蚀).” says Jonathan Proctor.”（乔纳森·普罗克特说：“重新引入狼将有助于减少生病的动物，保持健康的鹿群的数量，从而保护草地，减少土壤侵蚀”。）可知，重新引入狼可以减少生病的动物，从而保护草地，减少土壤侵蚀，这将会对保持科罗拉多州的自然平衡有利，由此可知，重新引入狼的目的是保持科罗拉多州的自然平衡。故选B项。 12．【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“People in rural areas are against the reintroduction proposal, including farmers, who worry that wolves will kill their cattle.”（农村地区的人们反对这项重新引入的提议，包括农民，他们担心狼会杀死他们的牛。）和最后一段关键句“The Colorado proposal will also fund a program to make up for the farm animals being killed.”（科罗拉多州的提案还将为一项计划提供资金，以补偿被杀的农场动物。）可知，农民担心狼会杀死他们的牛，反对这项提案，因此，这项提案还将为一项计划提供资金，以补偿被杀的农场动物，由此可知，当地农民将从该提案中得到因损失农场动物获得的额外资金。故选B项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Saving the Earth Reading 主题阅读 夯实基础 A The Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院) fire has been put out, but its spire (尖顶) and a large portion of its wooden roof have been damaged. The terrible destruction causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world. “What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore.” But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely through a video game called Assassin’s Creed: Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. Further, with virtual reality technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage. The idea of making digital models of ancient buildings to save their data dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers, building 3D models with multiple images, as well as measuring everything precisely, engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one. As computers and smartphones are hugely popular, the digital model has great useful value. First, it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore, it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000, a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo, which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all, it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Of course, however precise a model is, it is not the original. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future, but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment. 1. What can we see about Notre Dame in the game? A. The damaged Notre Dame.              B. Its wooden shape. C. The big fire.              D. Its original look. 2. What will engineers do to create a digital copy of the ancient buildings? A. Build 3D models of full size.              B. Scan the photos of the buildings C. Measure all the parts exactly.              D. Improve the technology needed. 3. How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance? A. By giving examples.              B. By classification. C. By comparison.              D. By listing data. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the application of the technology? A. Delighted              B. Supportive C. Doubtful              D. Conservative B Every year when the Italian artist Michelangelo’s (1475－1564，意大利文艺复兴时期著名雕刻家、画家、建筑师) birthday comes around, computer users all over the world are filled with fear (害怕) and use their computers with care. Some may even choose not to turn on their computers on March 3. All this fear and care are just because a deadly computer virus is ready to cause damages (破坏) on that day. What’s a computer virus then? Why do people get so afraid of it? A computer virus is, in fact, a little program that is put into other programs and that does something bad. It is called a virus because, like any real-life viruses such as AIDs virus, it reproduces itself. And when these programs are run, the virus is brought to life. It hides itself in your computer system waiting for the right moment to make damages. And at the same time it keeps producing itself by copying itself onto other programs. The Michelangelo virus waits until the artist’s birthday comes around, and then it will wake up to do very bad things like destroying you files (毁坏文档) . So next time when you turn on your computer, look out for computer viruses! 1. The Italian artist Michelangelo ____________. A. was born six centuries ago              B. was born on March 3, 1475 C. died six centuries ago              D. died on March 3, 1564 2. Why are computer users full of fear on March 3? Because _________. A. it is the birthday of a famous Italian artist. B. a kind of computer virus will come on that day C. a deadly computer virus called “the Michelangelo virus” will wake up and then damages that day. D. something will easily go wrong with computers 3. In fact, a computer virus is __________. A. a program which can be put into computers with some damages to them. B. a kind of real-life virus. C. a kind of virus like AIDS virus D. also a kind of program which is placed into other programs and which makes damages C Over a four-year period, Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keep human livers (肝)alive outside of the body for one week. Livers are among the most commonly transplanted (移植)human organs. Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients. The researchers say the purpose of their “Liver4Life” machine is to perform what they call liver perfusion (灌注)operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the process by which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste. The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeated testing and engineering development, they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive for seven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step to transplant machine-treated organs into patients. Pierre-Alain Clavien. leader of the research said in a statement. “This technology will greatly increase the number of livers available for transplant, improving the chances of survival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens the way for many new applications in transplantation and cancer medicine.” 1. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2? A. Introduce a brand new topic for discussion. B. Provide some latest data about present liver transplants. C. Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants. D. Remind readers concerned of the importance of a healthy liver. 2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The machine.              B. The liver. C. The temperature.              D. The tissue. 3. What can we learn about the Liver4Life machine? A. It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants. B. It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body. C. It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally. D. It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week. 4. Where is this text most likely from? A. A biology textbook.              B. A first aid brochure. C. A social web page.              D. A health magazine. 提升能力 A Barred owls (大林鸮猫头鹰) are a large species native to eastern North America, but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century. By 1973, large numbers of barred owls had arrived in the western state of Washington. Later they moved south into Oregon and California. In parts of the Pacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl’s worst enemy. The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals, like squirrels and wood rats. And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owl’s traditional territory (领地). David Wiens is a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls. It is an experimental program. More than 2,400 barred owls have already been shot. Wiens is the son of a well-known bird expert and grew up with the fascination for birds. He has mixed feelings about the program. “It’s a little distasteful, I think, to go out killing barred owls to save another owl species,” he says. But he adds, “We knew that barred owls were out competing spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast.” To catch barred owls, officials put digital (电子的) bird callers on the ground. Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air. All of this happens in the dark of night. Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory, so they will fly down and chase other owls out. That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them. 1．What’s the main problem with spotted owls? A．They have no food. B．They have more babies each year. C．They are hunted by man. D．Barred owls take many parts of their territory. 2．Why are barred owls being killed? A．They are eating the spotted owls. B．They are killing each other to survive. C．They are putting the spotted owls in danger. D．They are destroying large areas of forests. 3．Why did the officials put digital bird callers? A．To kill barred owls. B．To puzzle barred owls. C．To protect barred owls. D．To frighten barred owls. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Keeping the Balance of Nature B．Preventing Birds from Playing Fair C．Protecting Birds in Danger D．Killing One Animal to Save Another B Several days of unusual warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). “Temperatures have been running around -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year,” scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone—6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Put another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water. For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxious,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. “Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted.” In 2020, scientists found that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. “No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts,” said researchers. Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so they can ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had recently collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land,” Grinsted said. “So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer.” Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world. Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming. 5．How does the author support the topic of paragraph 1? A．By exploring reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By designing the numbers. D．By doing some experiments. 6．What did Kutalmis mean in paragraph 2? A．He disliked wearing a T-shirt. B．He worried about the warmth. C．He was deeply impressed by the ice. D．He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view. 7．What does the underlined word “destabilizing“ mean in paragraph 4? A．Quitting. B．Improving. C．Sheltering. D．Destroying. 8．What will the author probably do in the following paragraph? A．Recommend visiting Greenland. B．Describe how to ship out the ice core. C．Call on people to protect the environment. D．Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice. C Wolves once ranged over most of North America. But they were nearly wiped out by the early 20th century in the neighbor U. S. by widespread hunting and trapping. Much of them were funded by government , and only a small population were hanging on in the Great Lakes region. They were put on the Endangered Species List in the 1970s, and in 1995 and 1996 the federal government reintroduced wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Idaho. But wolves still don’t have stable numbers in Colorado. Voters narrowly(勉强地)approved a proposal, giving the way for gray wolves to be reintroduced into Colorado, where they nearly died out by the 1940s. Colorado Parks and Wildlife will lead the effort to establish a sustainable (可持续的)population of the animals in the western part of the state, beginning in 2022 or 2023. The Southern Rocky Mountains contain millions of acres of suitable habitat land that could support several hundred wolves or more, biologists say. Those who were against the proposal admitted they lost, but the vote was close. As of Thursday afternoon, with 90 percent of the votes in, there were 1,495,523 votes for and 1,475,235 against.  “Reintroducing wolves will help thin out sick animals, keeping healthy populations of deer, and thus protecting the grass and reducing erosion (土壤侵蚀). ”says Jonathan Proctor. People in rural areas are against the reintroduction proposal, including farmers, who worry that wolves will kill their cattle. Many don’t agree to leave the question of reintroduction to voters. Supporters point to the successful reintroduction of wolves to the Northern Rockies in the 1990s, where only one in 10, 000 cattle in wolf-occupied counties is killed by the hunters, Proctor says. The Colorado proposal will also fund a program to make up for the farm animals being killed. 9．What’s the function of Paragraph 1? A．Finding typical examples. B．Introducing wildlife research. C．Giving the reason for the proposal. D．Discussing the numbers about migration. 10．The local farmers are against the reintroduction proposal because they think the wolves will ___________. A．kill their cattle B．cause erosion C．thin out sick animals D．protect the grass 11．What is the purpose of reintroducing wolves? A．To increase the farmers’ interests. B．To keep Colorado’s natural balance. C．To contribute to gradual soil erosion. D．To cause concern about the climate change. 12．What will the local farmers get from the proposal? A．Suggestions from biologists. B．Extra fund for losing farm animals. C．Knowledge of raising farm animals. D．The right to reclaim their valuable land. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$