寒假作业07 名词性从句 选修二 Unit 2-【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题07 名词性从句 选修二 Unit 2 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、名词性从句的种类 考点二、名词性从句的引导词 考点三、名词性从句的注意事项 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 名词性从句的种类 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1. 主语从句 ：在复合句中作主句的主语，通常放在句首，但有时为了平衡句子结构，会用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。例如： That he will come to our party is certain. （他会来参加我们的派对是确定的。 “That he will come to our party” 是主语从句） It is strange that he didn't pass the exam. （他没通过考试很奇怪。 “It” 是形式主语， “that he didn't pass the exam” 是真正的主语从句） 2. 宾语从句 ：在及物动词或介词后作宾语。例如： I know that he is a good student. （我知道他是个好学生。 “that he is a good student” 作 “know” 的宾语从句） She is worried about whether she can catch the train. （她担心是否能赶上火车。 “whether she can catch the train” 作 “about” 的宾语从句） 3. 表语从句 ：在系动词之后作表语。例如： The problem is that we don't have enough time. （问题是我们没有足够的时间。 “that we don't have enough time” 是表语从句） ) ( It looks as if it is going to rain. （看起来好像要下雨了。 “as if it is going to rain” 是表语从句） 4. 同位语从句 ：对前面的名词作进一步解释说明，同位语从句一般跟在 fact ， idea ， news ， promise ， thought ， message ， suggestion ， word （消息）等抽象名词后面。例如： The news that our team won the game made us excited. （我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们很兴奋。 “that our team won the game” 是 “news” 的同位语从句） He got the idea that he could solve the problem in another way. （他想到他可以用另一种方法解决这个问题。 “that he could solve the problem in another way” 是 “idea” 的同位语从句） ) （一）单选题 1. ______ he said at the meeting surprised everyone. A. Which B. That C. What D. Who 2. I don't know ______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 3. The problem is ______ we can get enough money. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 4. The news ______ our football team won the game made us excited. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 5. It is still unknown ______ will teach us English next term. A. that B. whether C. who D. what （二）填空题 1. ______ he is always late for class makes his teacher angry.（用适当的连接词填空） 2. I wonder ______ I can pass the exam.（用适当的连接词填空） 3. The question is ______ we should accept his invitation.（用适当的连接词填空） 4. The fact ______ the earth is round is known to all.（用适当的连接词填空） 5. It seems ______ he has known the truth.（用适当的连接词填空） 名词性从句的引导词 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 连接词 ： that ， whether ， if that 无意义，在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，在宾语从句中有时可省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不省略。例如： The fact that he is rich is known to all. （他很富有这个事实众所周知。主语从句， that 不可省略） I think (that) he is right. （我认为他是对的。宾语从句， that 可省略） ) ( whether 和 if 表示 “ 是否 ” ，在宾语从句中可互换，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中只能用 whether ，且 whether 可与 or not 连用， if 不能。例如： Whether he will come or not is still a question. （他是否会来还是个问题。主语从句，只能用 whether ） I don't know if/whether he will come. （我不知道他是否会来。宾语从句， if 和 whether 均可） 2. 连接代词 ： what ， who ， whom ， which ， whose 等 what 在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，表示 “ 什么； … 的东西 / 事情 ” 。例如： What he said is very important. （他所说的很重要。 “What he said” 作主语从句， what 在从句中作宾语） I don't know what he wants. （我不知道他想要什么。宾语从句， what 作宾语） who 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，指人，表示 “ 谁； … 的人 ” ； whom 作宾语，指人； which 作主语、宾语、表语，指物或特定范围内的人，表示 “ 哪个；哪些 ” ； whose 作定语，表示 “ 谁的 ” 。例如： Who will be the winner is still unknown. （谁将是获胜者还不知道。主语从句， who 作主语） I don't know whom he is talking to. （我不知道他在和谁说话。宾语从句， whom 作宾语） Which book you should choose depends on your interest. （你应该选哪本书取决于你的兴趣。主语从句， which 作定语修饰 book ） I want to know whose book this is. （我想知道这是谁的书。宾语从句， whose 作定语修饰 book ） 3. 连接副词 ： when ， where ， why ， how 等 when 在从句中作时间状语，表示 “ 什么时候 ” ； where 作地点状语，表示 “ 在哪里 ” ； why 作原因状语，表示 “ 为什么 ” ； how 作方式状语，表示 “ 怎样；如何 ” 。例如： When we will have the meeting is not decided yet. （我们什么时候开会还没决定。主语从句， when 作时间状语） I don't know where he lives. （我不知道他住在哪里。宾语从句， where 作地点状语） The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. （他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。表语从句， why 作原因状语） Can you tell me how you solved the problem? （你能告诉我你是如何解决这个问题的吗？宾语从句， how 作方式状语） ) （一）单选题 1. I don't know ______ book this is. A. who B. whose C. which D. what 2. ______ we will have a picnic depends on the weather. A. Whether B. If C. That D. What 3. Can you tell me ______ you got home last night? A. when B. where C. why D. how 4. The reason ______ he didn't come was that he was ill. A. that B. which C. why D. what 5. ______ he told me just now is a secret. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who （二）改错题：正确的直接在划线处写“正确” 二字 1. I don't know that he wants. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Whether he will come depend on the traffic. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. The question is if we can finish the work on time. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. I want to know which is his favorite sport.（正确） ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. The news what we won the competition made us happy. ___________________________________________________________________________ 名词性从句的注意事项 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 I don't know what he is doing. （正确）而不是 I don't know what is he doing. （错误） 1. 时态呼应 ：如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用过去的某种时态（但表示客观真理、客观事实、自然现象等时仍用一般现在时）。例如： He says that he will go to Beijing tomorrow. （主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时） She said that she was reading a book at that time. （主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时） The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. （主句一般过去时，从句表示客观真理，用一般现在时） 2. it 作形式主语或形式宾语 ： it 作形式主语时，常用结构有： It + be + 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 从句，如 It is necessary that… （有必要 … ）， It is a pity that… （很遗憾 … ）， It is said that… （据说 … ）等。例如： It is important that we should learn English well. （我们学好英语很重要） it 作形式宾语时，常用结构为：主语 + 谓语 + it + 形容词 / 名词 + to do sth./that 从句。例如： I find it difficult to learn math. （我发现学数学很难） I think it necessary that we should take exercise every day. （我认为我们每天锻炼很有必要） 3. that 与 what 的区别 ： that 在名词性从句中不充当成分，无意义； what 在名词性从句中要充当成分，有意义，表示 “… 的东西 / 事情 ” 。例如： ) ( That he passed the exam made his parents happy. （他通过了考试让他父母很高兴。 that 只起连接作用） What he said at the meeting surprised everyone. （他在会议上说的话让每个人都很惊讶。 what 在从句中作宾语） 4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ： 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容进行解释说明， that 在同位语从句中不充当成分；定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰限定，关系代词 that 在定语从句中要充当成分（主语、宾语等）。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. （同位语从句， “that we won the game” 解释 “news” 的内容， that 不充当成分） The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. （定语从句， “that I bought yesterday” 修饰 “book” ， that 作宾语） ) （一）单选题 1. I don't know ______ he is doing now. A. that B. what C. which D. who 是问2. He said that he ______ to Beijing the next day. A. will go B. goes C. would go D. is going 3. It is necessary ______ we should drink plenty of water every day. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 4. I find ______ difficult to learn a foreign language well. A. what B. that C. this D. it 5. The news ______ he told me yesterday is not true. A. that B. which C. what D. as （二）改错题:正确的直接在划线处写“正确” 二字 1. I don't know where is he. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. She said that she has finished her homework. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. It is a pity that you didn't come.（正确） ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. I think it important that we study hard.（正确） ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. The fact which he is a good student is known to all. ___________________________________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wildlife presenter Steve Backshall said getting children connected with nature was “critical”, as he 1 (open) a new “forest school” in Northamptonshire. Cogenhoe Primary School invited the TV star to open its site while in the county for his live show on marine life (海洋生物). Backshall spent the day 2 (show) around the new outdoor classroom. The forest school now 3 (include) an insect hotel and areas for storytelling and construction. The primary school spent the day in learning about the planet and 4 (sustainable), as part of their “Cogenhoe Goes Wild” day. Charley Oldham, head teacher, said: “Something we are so 5 (passion) about is creating that lifelong love of natural spaces and nature. Children need the opportunity 6 (take) risks but in a safer environment to build their confidence and independence.” While Backshall is 7 (usual) seen dealing with dangerous animals, he helped the pupils 8 something much more relaxing — cooking marshmallows (棉花糖) over a campfire. He said: “I think it’s really critical for us to be connecting young people to nature as young as possible and experience nature in 9 really touchable way, and that’s exactly 10 this forest school does.” 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble 1 (learn) English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 2 there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This make me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a 3 (paint), but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And 4 (speak) of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an 5 (oppose) pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of 6 (harm) actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? Even the smallest words can be 7 (confuse). When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? English 8 (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 9 (create) of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are 10 (visible). And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when wind up this passage, it ends. 一、单项选择 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）Kenny still remembers the class discussion________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A．why B．which C．that D．where 二、阅读理解 （2023·全国·高考真题）If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How past events should be presented. B．What humanity is concerned about. C．Whether facts speak louder than words. D．Why written language is reliable. 2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A．His report was scientific. B．He represented the local people. C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one-sided. 3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society. 4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A． How Maps Tell Stories of the World B． A Short History of Australia C． A History of the World in 100 Objects D． How Art Works Tell Stories （2023·全国·高考真题）Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 4 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 5 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 三、完形填空 （2023·全国·高考真题）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 1 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 2 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 3 . I 4 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 5 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 6 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 7 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 8 higher up the tree trunk. 9 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 10 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 11 the trunk and was back on the ground. It was too 12 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 13 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 14 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 15 to go back up. 1．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness 2．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves 3．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless 4．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited 5．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked 6．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated 7．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing 8．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey 9．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately 10．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched 11．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto 12．A．high B．early C．fast D．close 13．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading 14．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry 15．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 名词性从句 选修二 Unit 2 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、名词性从句的种类 考点二、名词性从句的引导词 考点三、名词性从句的注意事项 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 名词性从句的种类 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1. 主语从句 ：在复合句中作主句的主语，通常放在句首，但有时为了平衡句子结构，会用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。例如： That he will come to our party is certain. （他会来参加我们的派对是确定的。 “That he will come to our party” 是主语从句） It is strange that he didn't pass the exam. （他没通过考试很奇怪。 “It” 是形式主语， “that he didn't pass the exam” 是真正的主语从句） 2. 宾语从句 ：在及物动词或介词后作宾语。例如： I know that he is a good student. （我知道他是个好学生。 “that he is a good student” 作 “know” 的宾语从句） She is worried about whether she can catch the train. （她担心是否能赶上火车。 “whether she can catch the train” 作 “about” 的宾语从句） 3. 表语从句 ：在系动词之后作表语。例如： The problem is that we don't have enough time. （问题是我们没有足够的时间。 “that we don't have enough time” 是表语从句） ) ( It looks as if it is going to rain. （看起来好像要下雨了。 “as if it is going to rain” 是表语从句） 4. 同位语从句 ：对前面的名词作进一步解释说明，同位语从句一般跟在 fact ， idea ， news ， promise ， thought ， message ， suggestion ， word （消息）等抽象名词后面。例如： The news that our team won the game made us excited. （我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们很兴奋。 “that our team won the game” 是 “news” 的同位语从句） He got the idea that he could solve the problem in another way. （他想到他可以用另一种方法解决这个问题。 “that he could solve the problem in another way” 是 “idea” 的同位语从句） ) （一）单选题 1. ______ he said at the meeting surprised everyone. A. Which B. That C. What D. Who 答案：C 解析：“______ he said at the meeting” 是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用 what 引导，所以选 C。 2. I don't know ______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 答案：B 解析：“know” 是及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，且与 or not 连用，只能用 whether，所以选 B。 3. The problem is ______ we can get enough money. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 答案：B 解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，用 whether，所以选 B。 4. The news ______ our football team won the game made us excited. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 答案：A 解析：“The news” 是抽象名词，后接同位语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以选 A。 5. It is still unknown ______ will teach us English next term. A. that B. whether C. who D. what 答案：C 解析：“It” 是形式主语，真正的主语从句 “______ will teach us English next term” 中缺少主语，指人，用 who 引导，所以选 C。 （二）填空题 1. ______ he is always late for class makes his teacher angry.（用适当的连接词填空） 答案：That 解析：“______ he is always late for class” 是主语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以填 That。 2. I wonder ______ I can pass the exam.（用适当的连接词填空） 答案：if/whether 解析：“wonder” 是及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，if 和 whether 均可，所以填 if/whether。 3. The question is ______ we should accept his invitation.（用适当的连接词填空） 答案：whether 解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，用 whether，所以填 whether。 4. The fact ______ the earth is round is known to all.（用适当的连接词填空） 答案：that 解析：“The fact” 是抽象名词，后接同位语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以填 that。 5. It seems ______ he has known the truth.（用适当的连接词填空） 答案：that 解析：“It seems” 后接表语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以填 that。 名词性从句的引导词 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 连接词 ： that ， whether ， if that 无意义，在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，在宾语从句中有时可省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不省略。例如： The fact that he is rich is known to all. （他很富有这个事实众所周知。主语从句， that 不可省略） I think (that) he is right. （我认为他是对的。宾语从句， that 可省略） whether 和 if 表示 “ 是否 ” ，在宾语从句中可互换，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中只能用 whether ，且 whether 可与 or not 连用， if 不能。例如： Whether he will come or not is still a question. （他是否会来还是个问题。主语从句，只能用 whether ） I don't know if/whether he will come. （我不知道他是否会来。宾语从句， if 和 whether 均可） 2. 连接代词 ： what ， who ， whom ， which ， whose 等 what 在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，表示 “ 什么； … 的东西 / 事情 ” 。例如： What he said is very important. （他所说的很重要。 “What he said” 作主语从句， what 在从句中作宾语） I don't know what he wants. （我不知道他想要什么。宾语从句， what 作宾语） who 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，指人，表示 “ 谁； … 的人 ” ； whom 作宾语，指人； which 作主语、宾语、表语，指物或特定范围内的人，表示 “ 哪个；哪些 ” ； whose 作定语，表示 “ 谁的 ” 。例如： ) ( Who will be the winner is still unknown. （谁将是获胜者还不知道。主语从句， who 作主语） I don't know whom he is talking to. （我不知道他在和谁说话。宾语从句， whom 作宾语） Which book you should choose depends on your interest. （你应该选哪本书取决于你的兴趣。主语从句， which 作定语修饰 book ） I want to know whose book this is. （我想知道这是谁的书。宾语从句， whose 作定语修饰 book ） 3. 连接副词 ： when ， where ， why ， how 等 when 在从句中作时间状语，表示 “ 什么时候 ” ； where 作地点状语，表示 “ 在哪里 ” ； why 作原因状语，表示 “ 为什么 ” ； how 作方式状语，表示 “ 怎样；如何 ” 。例如： When we will have the meeting is not decided yet. （我们什么时候开会还没决定。主语从句， when 作时间状语） I don't know where he lives. （我不知道他住在哪里。宾语从句， where 作地点状语） The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. （他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。表语从句， why 作原因状语） Can you tell me how you solved the problem? （你能告诉我你是如何解决这个问题的吗？宾语从句， how 作方式状语） ) （一）单选题 1. I don't know ______ book this is. A. who B. whose C. which D. what 答案：B 解析：“know” 是及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰 “book”，用 whose 引导，所以选 B。 2. ______ we will have a picnic depends on the weather. A. Whether B. If C. That D. What 答案：A 解析：“______ we will have a picnic” 是主语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，且位于句首，只能用 whether，所以选 A。 3. Can you tell me ______ you got home last night? A. when B. where C. why D. how 答案：D 解析：“tell” 是及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，用 how 引导，所以选 D。 4. The reason ______ he didn't come was that he was ill. A. that B. which C. why D. what 答案：C 解析：“The reason” 后接定语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，用 why 引导，所以选 C。 5. ______ he told me just now is a secret. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who 答案：B 解析：“______ he told me just now” 是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用 what 引导，所以选 B。 （二）改错题：正确的直接在划线处写“正确” 二字 1. I don't know that he wants. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：（错误：that，改正：what） 解析：宾语从句中缺少宾语，应用 what 引导，而不是 that。 2. Whether he will come depend on the traffic. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：（错误：depend，改正：depends） 解析：主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，应将 depend 改为 depends。 3. The question is if we can finish the work on time. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：（错误：if，改正：whether） 解析：表语从句中有 “是否” 之意，且位于系动词后，应用 whether 引导，不能用 if。 4. I want to know which is his favorite sport.（正确） ___________________________________________________________________________ 解析：此句中 which 引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，句子正确。 5. The news what we won the competition made us happy. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：（错误：what，改正：that） 解析：“The news” 后接同位语从句，从句不缺成分，应用 that 引导，而不是 what。 名词性从句的注意事项 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 I don't know what he is doing. （正确）而不是 I don't know what is he doing. （错误） 1. 时态呼应 ：如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用过去的某种时态（但表示客观真理、客观事实、自然现象等时仍用一般现在时）。例如： He says that he will go to Beijing tomorrow. （主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时） She said that she was reading a book at that time. （主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时） The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. （主句一般过去时，从句表示客观真理，用一般现在时） ) ( 2. it 作形式主语或形式宾语 ： it 作形式主语时，常用结构有： It + be + 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 从句，如 It is necessary that… （有必要 … ）， It is a pity that… （很遗憾 … ）， It is said that… （据说 … ）等。例如： It is important that we should learn English well. （我们学好英语很重要） it 作形式宾语时，常用结构为：主语 + 谓语 + it + 形容词 / 名词 + to do sth./that 从句。例如： I find it difficult to learn math. （我发现学数学很难） I think it necessary that we should take exercise every day. （我认为我们每天锻炼很有必要） 3. that 与 what 的区别 ： that 在名词性从句中不充当成分，无意义； what 在名词性从句中要充当成分，有意义，表示 “… 的东西 / 事情 ” 。例如： That he passed the exam made his parents happy. （他通过了考试让他父母很高兴。 that 只起连接作用） What he said at the meeting surprised everyone. （他在会议上说的话让每个人都很惊讶。 what 在从句中作宾语） 4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ： 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容进行解释说明， that 在同位语从句中不充当成分；定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰限定，关系代词 that 在定语从句中要充当成分（主语、宾语等）。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. （同位语从句， “that we won the game” 解释 “news” 的内容， that 不充当成分） The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. （定语从句， “that I bought yesterday” 修饰 “book” ， that 作宾语） ) （一）单选题 1. I don't know ______ he is doing now. A. that B. what C. which D. who 答案：B 解析：宾语从句中缺少宾语，用 what 引导，所以选 B。且从句用陈述句语序，A 选项 that 在从句中不充当成分，不符合题意；C 选项 which 表示 “哪个”，不符合语境；D 选项 who 指人，这里不是问人，所以也不正确。 2. He said that he ______ to Beijing the next day. A. will go B. goes C. would go D. is going 答案：C 解析：主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态，这里表示过去将来时，用 would go，所以选 C。 3. It is necessary ______ we should drink plenty of water every day. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 答案：A 解析：“It is necessary” 后接 that 引导的主语从句，所以选 A。 4. I find ______ difficult to learn a foreign language well. A. what B. that C. this D. it 答案：D 解析：“find it + 形容词 + to do sth.” 是固定结构，it 作形式宾语，所以选D。 5. The news ______ he told me yesterday is not true. A. that B. which C. what D. as 答案：A 解析：“The news” 后接定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词是 news，应用 that 引导，所以选 A。这里不是同位语从句，因为从句是对 news 的修饰限定，而不是解释说明其内容。 （二）改错题:正确的直接在划线处写“正确” 二字 1. I don't know where is he. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：（错误：where is he，改正：where he is） 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，应将 is he 改为 he is。 2. She said that she has finished her homework. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：（错误：has，改正：had） 解析：主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态，这里应将 has 改为 had。 3. It is a pity that you didn't come.（正确） ___________________________________________________________________________ 解析：此句是 it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句，句子正确。 4. I think it important that we study hard.（正确） ___________________________________________________________________________ 解析：“think it + 形容词 + that 从句” 是常见结构，句子正确。 5. The fact which he is a good student is known to all. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：（错误：which，改正：that） 解析：“The fact” 后接同位语从句，从句不缺成分，应用 that 引导，而不是 which。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wildlife presenter Steve Backshall said getting children connected with nature was “critical”, as he 1 (open) a new “forest school” in Northamptonshire. Cogenhoe Primary School invited the TV star to open its site while in the county for his live show on marine life (海洋生物). Backshall spent the day 2 (show) around the new outdoor classroom. The forest school now 3 (include) an insect hotel and areas for storytelling and construction. The primary school spent the day in learning about the planet and 4 (sustainable), as part of their “Cogenhoe Goes Wild” day. Charley Oldham, head teacher, said: “Something we are so 5 (passion) about is creating that lifelong love of natural spaces and nature. Children need the opportunity 6 (take) risks but in a safer environment to build their confidence and independence.” While Backshall is 7 (usual) seen dealing with dangerous animals, he helped the pupils 8 something much more relaxing — cooking marshmallows (棉花糖) over a campfire. He said: “I think it’s really critical for us to be connecting young people to nature as young as possible and experience nature in 9 really touchable way, and that’s exactly 10 this forest school does.” 【答案】 1．opened 2．being shown 3．includes 4．sustainability 5．passionate 6．to take 7．usually 8．with 9．a 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了生动物节目主持人史蒂夫・巴克肖尔（Steve Backshall）受邀参加科根霍小学（Cogenhoe Primary School）新“森林学校”的开幕活动当天学校开展的相关活动、校长的发言以及史蒂夫・巴克肖尔的观点。 1．考查一般过去时。句意：野生动物主持人Steve Backshall表示，让孩子们与大自然建立联系是“至关重要的”，因为他在北安普敦郡开设了一所新的“森林学校”。此处描述过去发生的动作，空处应为一般过去时态，故填opened。 2．考查被动语态。句意：Backshall花了一天时间参观新的户外教室。spend time (in) doing sth. 是固定用法，表示“花时间做某事”，Backshall与空处为被动关系，故填being shown。 3．考查动词。句意：森林学校现在包括一家昆虫旅馆和讲故事和建设的区域。根据now可知句子描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语The forest school是第三人称单数，故填includes。 4．考查名词。句意：小学部花了一天时间学习地球和可持续发展，这是他们“Cogenhoe Goes Wild”日的一部分。此处and连接两个并列的名词，与planet并列，作learning about的宾语，sustainable是形容词，其名词形式为sustainability，故填sustainability。 5．考查形容词。句意：校长Charley Oldham说：“我们非常热衷的事情是创造对自然空间和自然的终生热爱。be passionate about是固定短语，意为“对……充满热情”，空处为形容词作表语，故填passionate。 6．考查不定式。句意：孩子们需要有机会冒险，但在更安全的环境中建立他们的信心和独立性。the opportunity to do sth.表示“做某事的机会”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰opportunity。故填to take。 7．考查副词。句意：虽然人们经常看到Backshall与危险的动物打交道，但他帮助学生们做了一些更轻松的事情——在篝火上煮棉花糖。此处修饰动词seen，要用副词形式，usual是形容词，其副词形式为usually，故填usually。 8．考查介词。句意：虽然人们经常看到Backshall与危险的动物打交道，但他帮助学生们做了一些更轻松的事情——在篝火上煮棉花糖。help sb. with sth.是固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，故填with。 9．考查冠词。句意：他说：“我认为，让我们尽可能年轻地将年轻人与大自然联系起来，并以一种真正可触摸的方式体验大自然，这对我们来说真的很关键，而这正是这所森林学校所做的。”way是可数名词且为辅音因素开头的单词，此处表示“一种”，用不定冠a表示泛指，故填a。 10．考查表语从句。句意：他说：“我认为，让我们尽可能年轻地将年轻人与大自然联系起来，并以一种真正可触摸的方式体验大自然，这对我们来说真的很关键，而这正是这所森林学校所做的。”此处是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代“森林学校所做的事情”，用what引导表语从句。故填what。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. 【答案】 1．whom 2．truly 3．safety 4．planning 5．themselves 6．has brought 7．largest 8．treasures 9．What 10．to 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。 1．考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。 2．考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。 3．考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。 4．考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。 5．考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。 6．考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。 8．考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。 9．考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。 10．考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。 【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第九小题，为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，故应填What。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble 1 (learn) English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 2 there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This make me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a 3 (paint), but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And 4 (speak) of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an 5 (oppose) pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of 6 (harm) actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? Even the smallest words can be 7 (confuse). When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? English 8 (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 9 (create) of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are 10 (visible). And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when wind up this passage, it ends. 【答案】 1．learning 2．if/whether 3．painting 4．speaking 5．opposing 6．harmful 7．confusing 8．was invented 9．creativity 10．invisible 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者表达了对英语这门语言的神奇的思考与感叹。 1．考查动名词。句意：你有没有问过自己，为什么人们在学习英语方面经常遇到困难？此处为短语have trouble (in) doing，意为“在做某事上有困难”，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填learning。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我汉堡里有没有火腿。设空处连接宾语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处表“是否”。故填if/ whether。 3．考查名词。句意：例如，在我们的空闲时间，我们可以雕刻雕塑(用sculpt)和绘画(用paint)，但我们拍照(用take)。设空处为宾语并且前面有a修饰，应用名词单数，表示“画作”，paint的名词为painting。故填painting。 4．考查固定短语。句意：说到家，为什么作业(homework)和家务(housework)不是一回事呢？短语speaking of，意为“谈及，说到”，作为一个插入语，一般用于引出下文的话题。故填speaking。 5．考查形容词。句意：如果“hard”是“soft”的反义词，为什么“hardly”和“softly”不是相反的一对呢？设空处修饰名词作定语，oppose的形容词opposing表示“相反的”符合句意。故填opposing。 6．考查形容词。句意：如果无害的(harmless)行为是有害的(harmful)行为的对立面，为什么无耻的(shameless)行为和可耻的行为(shameful)是一样的呢？设空处修饰名词作定语，harm的形容词为harmful意为“有害的”。故填harmful。 7．考查形容词。句意：即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。设空处接在be动词作表语，应用形容词，confuse的形容词confusing表示“令人困惑的”符合句意。故填confusing。 8．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：英语是人发明的，而不是电脑，它反映了人类的创造力。设空处为谓语，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语English，谓语为动词三单形式。故填was invented。 9．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处为宾语，应用名词，create的名词creativity表示“创造力”符合句意。故填creativity。 10．考查形容词。句意：这就是为什么当星星出来的时候，它们（星星）是可以被看见的，而当灯光熄灭的时候，它们（灯光）是不被看见的。设空处接在be动词作表语，应用形容词，结合句意，visible的反义词invisible表示“看不见的”符合句意。故填invisible。 一、单项选择 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示“谷歌可能做的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选B。 2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：最近，科学家们开始就计算机是否会在半个世纪后像人类一样“思考”展开辩论。A. where哪里；B. whether是否；C. whose谁的；D. which哪一个。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，用连接代词whether引导宾语从句。故选 B。 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）Kenny still remembers the class discussion________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. A．why B．which C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 二、阅读理解 （2023·全国·高考真题）If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How past events should be presented. B．What humanity is concerned about. C．Whether facts speak louder than words. D．Why written language is reliable. 2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A．His report was scientific. B．He represented the local people. C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one-sided. 3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society. 4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A． How Maps Tell Stories of the World B． A Short History of Australia C． A History of the World in 100 Objects D． How Art Works Tell Stories 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。 【点睛】 （2023·全国·高考真题）Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 4 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 5 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．B 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。 1．根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 5．根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 三、完形填空 （2023·全国·高考真题）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 1 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 2 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 3 . I 4 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 5 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 6 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 7 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 8 higher up the tree trunk. 9 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 10 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 11 the trunk and was back on the ground. It was too 12 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 13 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 14 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 15 to go back up. 1．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness 2．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves 3．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless 4．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited 5．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked 6．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated 7．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing 8．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey 9．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately 10．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched 11．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto 12．A．high B．early C．fast D．close 13．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading 14．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry 15．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者跟随埃塞俄比亚坚持传统养蜂技艺的Ziyad，进行的一次独特的采蜜经历。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我此行是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。A. share分享；B. collect收集；C. celebrate庆祝；D. witness见证；目睹。根据下文“I ____4____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.”可知，作者是跟随经验丰富的养蜂人Ziyad见证埃塞俄比亚传统的采蜜方式。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在埃塞俄比亚东南部，手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。A. courtyards庭院；B. fields田野；领域；C. treetops树顶；D. caves洞穴。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk.”可知，手工制作的蜂箱是放在树顶高处。故选C项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ____14____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着养蜂人走过一片广阔的草地，进入茂密的丛林。A. searched搜索；B. recognised认出；C. followed跟随；D. invited邀请。根据前文“I was on my way to ____1____ a unique honey harvest.”可知，作者此行是为了跟随经验丰富的养蜂人，近距离观察Ziyad如何采蜜。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他每过一会儿就停下调整绳索位置，继续向上攀爬。A. hives蜂房；B. leaves树叶；C. rope绳索；D. honey蜂蜜。根据“Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,”可知，Ziyad是通过不断调整绳索的位置，保证自己安全灵活地向上攀爬。故选C项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有20米高。A. Finally最终；B. Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Immediately立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to move the ____8____ higher up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的Ziyad借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂巢的位置。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对……大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____3____”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off切除；B. gone up上升；C. slid down滑下；D. held onto抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在采集蜂蜜还为时尚早。A. high高的；B. early早的；C. fast快速的；D. close亲近的。根据下文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，现在蜜蜂幼虫尚未成年，蜂蜜酿造完成还需要一段时日。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天凉爽的温度延误了幼虫孵化。A. hatching孵化；B. training培训；C. sowing播种；D. trading与……作交易；交换。根据“Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，此时蜜蜂宝宝较以往孵化时间更晚，尚未成年。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad从树上逃离之时，成年蜂群被激怒了，持续不断地攻击他。A. curious好奇的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. bored无聊的；D. angry生气的。根据下文“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，蜜蜂被外来侵入者激怒，不停地攻击Ziyad。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要等待合适的时刻，再次爬上树顶采摘蜂蜜。A. moment时刻；B. equipment设备；C. person个人；D. order点餐；命令。根据上文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，蜂蜜尚未形成，Ziyad只好另待时机，等幼虫变成成年蜂后，再来采蜜。故选A项。 ( 18 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$