专题08 to do sth和V.-ing的用法-【寒假分层作业】2025年八年级英语寒假培优练（冀教版）

寒假作业08 to do sth和V.-ing的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（2大考点） 考点一 to do sth.用法 考点二 V.-ing用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 to do sth.的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 非谓语动词有三种形式,即动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和分词。 动词不定式： 1.动词不定式的构成:动词不定式的基本构成为“to+动词原形”,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身没有词义,有时可以不要;动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 2.动词不定式的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置。常用句型:It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.; It takes (sb.)+时间段+to do sth. To swim here alone is very dangerous.=It’s very dangerous to swim here alone. 独自在这儿游泳很危险。 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decided to go on a trip to Dali. 我决定去大理旅游。 作宾语 补足语 在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词hear, see, watch等后面,省略to Miss Li made us do Exercise One. 李老师让我们做练习一。 作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 I get up early every morning to catch the early bus. 我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语 Do you have anything to do? 你有要做的事吗? 作表语 常位于be动词后 My job today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。 与疑问词构成不定式短语 “疑问词+to do” 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等 She really didn’t know what to do next. 她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。 3.动词不定式考点归纳 (1)后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的动词(短语): afford, begin/start, choose, decide, try, hope/wish, expect, agree,promise, happen, refuse, learn, seem, volunteer, fail, (would)like/love, want, ask, tell, allow, warn, encourage, force, invite, teach, advise, try one’s best等。 (2)在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(observe, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。 巧学妙记：后跟to do作宾语的动词(短语): ①想要,拒绝,忘记(want/would like, refuse, forget) ②需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn) ③喜欢,同意,帮助(like, agree, help) ④希望,决定,开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start) (3)在“Why not+动词原形?”“had better (not)+动词原形”“Let’s+动词原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。 Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散步呢? You’d better go by bus. 你最好乘公共汽车去。 (4)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的宾语)”结构。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。 4.既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式的动词 (1)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有:like, love, hate, begin, start等。 Do you like playing/to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗? (2)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语)有: (forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) ) (stop doing sth. 停止做某事                    stop to do sth. 停下来去做(其他)某事) (need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)   need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)) (try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事) (mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事     ) (regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)) He stopped watching TV and began to read English. 他停止看电视,开始读英语。 He watched TV for an hour. At 8:00 he stopped to do his homework. 他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。 1．I am ready ________ you with your English homework. A．help B．helping C．to help 2．The students were all tired, but ________ of them stopped ________ a rest. A．all; to have B．no one; having C．none; to have D．nobody; having 3．Mr Li asks the students ________ in the river, because it’s too dangerous. A．to not swim B．not to swim C．to swim 4．It’s windy and cold outside, so we decided ________ outside. A．to go B．not go C．not to go D．don’t go 5．Don’t let yourself ________ by his sweet words. He does ________ the habit of saying bad words behind people. A．fooled; have B．be fooled; have C．fooled; has D．be fooled; has 6．—Millie, I don’t know________. Can you give me some advice? —Why not ________ this red shirt and that pair of jeans? A．what to wear; to wear B．what to wear; wear C．how to wear; to wear D．how to wear; wear 7．—What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow? —I haven’t got the ticket, so I don’t know ________to leave. A．what B．how C．where D．when 8．—Do you have any plans for the coming new year? —Yes. It’s necessary for us ________ resolutions for the Dragon Year of China. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 9．It took my sister three hours ________ her book report. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 10．My mother offered ________ us to the museum. A．take B．to take C．taking 11．Don’t forget _________ Lin Tao about the match when you meet him. A．tell B．to tell C．telling D．tells 12．The purpose of the discussion is ________ children how to tell right from wrong. A．teaches B．teach C．to teaching D．to teach 13．—Li Lei is the first ________ the finishing line. —How great he is! A．pass B．passing C．to pass 14．Children are not allowed ________ in the hall. A．run B．ran C．to run D．running 15．He practised as often as he could ________ his spoken English. A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved V.-ing的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 动词的-ing形式： 1.构成:动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动词的-ing形式既有动词的性质又有名词的性质。 2.用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 单个动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 玩太多电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 作宾语 动词的-ing形式作宾语表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister likes dancing very much. 我妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。 动词的-ing形式作介词的宾语 I’m looking forward to going home.我期待回家。 作表语 多数情况下,动词的-ing形式作表语可转化为作主语 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务是擦窗户。 作定语 位于所修饰词之前,只表明所修饰词的用途等 My mother bought a washing machine last Sunday. 我妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。 3.后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词及短语 (1)常接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, prefer, need, require, want等。 (2)常接动词的-ing形式作宾语的短语有:be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can’t stop, keep/stop… from, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/ problems/trouble (in) 等。 巧学妙记： 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的词(短语): ①完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy) ②继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up) ③考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like) ④喜欢错过要介意(enjoy, miss, mind) 1．She writes slowly so she has trouble ________ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D．took 2．They finished ________ in the supermarket. Then they went home. A．shopping B．shoping C．shopped D．to shop 3．—Would you mind ________ here? —I’m sorry about that. I won’t do it again. A．no smoking B．no smoke C．not smoking   4．—Would you mind ________ so much noise? The baby is sleeping. —Oh, sorry, I won’t. A．not make B．making C．not making 5．The professor preferred giving speeches to students _________ to meetings at times. A．to being invited B．to inviting C．rather than invite D．rather than be invited 6．Water is very important for us, so we must stop it ________ polluted. A．from be B．is C．from being D．from is 7．—Do you mind ________ the window? —No, not at all. A．my close B．me close C．me closing D．me to close 8．—Not only I but also my brother ________ good at sports. —That’s good. Doing sports ________ good for our health. A．are; is B．is; are C．are; are D．is; is 9．Do you have any ideas for ______ my relationships with my family? A．improve B．to improve C．improving 10．My hobby is ________ chess. I also enjoy ________ stamps. A．play; collecting B．to play; collecting C．playing; to collect D．playing; collecting 11．My teacher says it can improve my ________ skills. A．speak B．speaking C．spoken 12．My brother wants to take part in a ________ competition. A．speak B．spoke C．spoken D．speaking 13．The ___________ machine is broken and we need to buy a new one. A．wash B．washed C．washing D．washes 14．—My hobby is ________ old coins, what about you?   —In my free time, I like _______ in the park. A．collect; painting B．collecting; to paint C．collected; painting 15．The only good habit of the boy’s is ________ up early. A．getting B．to get C．get D．gets 一、完形填空 通读下面短文。掌握其大意，在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C）中选出一个最佳选项。 Do you like reading stories? Perhaps you will answer, “No, I am not a child 1 !” or “Yes, children all over the world always love stories.” Chinese children are interested in Monkey King’s story. It has been a popular bedtime story in China 2 many years. In fact, adults also love the story a lot. The clever monkey 3 the hearts of many Chinese people. British boys and girls all know Alice in Wonderland well. As the name shows, it’s a story full of dangerous but 4 trips. Children laugh, cry and even get scared with Alice while reading the story. Most American kids have read Tom Sawyer. Everyone likes the brave boy. The boy also experiences lots of 5 . Some scenes of the story may make your heart go faster, because Tom and his friends meet some very bad men and are usually in danger. Of course in the end, they beat the bad ones. So either young or old, let’s enjoy stories. 1．A．suddenly B．already C．anymore 2．A．in B．on C．for 3．A．beats B．wins C．hurts 4．A．tiring B．exciting C．boring 5．A．risks B．sticks C．tools 二、短文填空 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。无提示词的空格只填一个单词，有提示词的空格填一个或两个单词。 We all know that water is the source (源泉) of life on Earth. No plant, animal or human can live without it. 1 new study (研究) shows how important drinking water is for 2 (we) to live longer. Researchers found that people who drank a lot of water every day were 3 (healthy) and lived longer than those who didn’t. And these people developed fewer serious health 4 (problem) with age. What’s more, they added that adults (成年人) who did not drink enough water might die at a younger age. These people were much easier to show signs (迹象) of 5 (get) old. The researchers studied the information of older patients who visited a hospital at least five 6 (time). Dr Natalia Dmitrieva, lead researcher of the study, said, “The results suggest that proper water may help slow down aging (衰老).” She advised people 7 (drink) more water and juice and eat more fruit and vegetables. She added that half of people all around the world do not drink enough. An adult 8 (need) to drink at least 1.5 liters (升) of water every day. 三、阅读表达 阅读下面短文，根据要求完成各题。 Asking for directions is important. However, people become confused(困惑的) easily when listening to someone giving directions. So pay careful attention when listening to someone showing directions. For example, he or she may tell you, “Go down the street and turn right at the first crossing. Walk two miles, and then you will find a movie theater and China Bank is across from the theater.” After listening to someone providing directions in English, are you clear? Here is some advice to help you remember the directions. Be sure to ask the person giving directions to slow down or repeat politely; Repeat each direction the person gives. This will help you remember the names of street, turns, and crossings; Finally, repeat the whole set of directions again. Of course, remember to be polite when you ask for directions. Here come two tips: ·Use greetings and polite expressions. Staring the conversation with a greeting is a must like “Good afternoon!” or “Hello! May I ask for some help?” Remember to finish with expressions such as “Thank you!” or “Have a nice day!” ·Use modal verbs(情态动词). For example, it sounds more polite to say, “Excuse me, would you like to tell me the way to Xinhua Bookstore?” But it sounds impolite if you say, “Tell me the way to Xinhua Bookstore.” 1．What should people do when they listen to someone giving directions? 2．Where is the bank according to the first paragraph? 3．What is the chart about? 4．According to the last two paragraphs, how to be polite when people ask for directions? 5．How can you ask the way if you want to go to the washroom? 一、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Hi, I’m a reporter. 1 ? B: Sure. A: 2 ? B: Yes, very much. I often go to the cinema with my friends on weekends. A: 3 ? B: Big Cinema is the best in town. A: 4 ? B: Because it has the biggest screens and the friendliest service. A: Thank you very much for answering my questions. B: 5 . 二、阅读表达 阅读下面短文，根据要求完成各题。 Fight with flood Dayu (大禹)was a leader of a tribe(部落). He was kind and friendly to everyone. One day, a flood came and broke a dam(大坝)。 Dayu went to fight the flood. Different from his father, Dayu didn’t build new dams. He widened the river courses(加宽河道). He also built new river courses. In this way, more water could go through and flow into the sea. There was no more flood problem. This is not easy work at all. It took 13 years and 20000 workers to do it. Dayu worked very hard every day. During the years, Dayu passed by his house three times. But he never went inside. He didn’t want his family to take his time and mind(心思)away from the work. Dayu then became the hero of people. He also helped homeless people build new houses. People admired(敬仰)Dayu very much and made him the new king. After that, Dayu built Xia. It was the first dynasty(朝代) in Chinese history. 1．What was Dayu like? 2．How did Dayu fight the flood? 3．How many times did Dayu pass by his house? 4．Why didn’t Dayu go inside his house? 5．Did Dayu help those people who didn’t have homes build new houses? 三、阅读理解 Steve Jobs，the designer of Apple Computer，was not clever when he was in school.At that time，he was not a good student and he always made trouble with his schoolmates.When he went into college，he didn't change a lot.Then he dropped out(退学)．But he was full of new ideas. After he left college，Steve Jobs worked as a video game designer.He worked there for only several months and then he went to India.He hoped that the trip would give him some new ideas and give him a change in life.Steve Jobs lived on a farm in California for a year after he returned from India.In 1975，he began to make a new type of computer.He designed the Apple Computer with his friend in his garage(车库)．He chose the name “Apple” just because it could help him to remember a happy summer he once spent in an apple tree garden.His Apple Computer was such a great success that Steve Jobs soon became famous all over the world. 1．Steve Jobs was not a good student in school because he ________. A．never did his lessons B．was full of new ideas C．always made trouble with his  schoolmates D．dropped out 2．Steve Jobs designed his new computer ________. A．in India B．with his friend C．in an apple tree garden D．by himself 3．Steve Jobs was famous for his ________ all over the world. A．new ideas B．apples C．Apple Computer D．video games 4．From this passage we know ________. A．if you want to be successful，you need to drop out B．Jobs liked traveling in India and California C．Jobs was creative and successful D．Jobs could only design video games 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 寒假作业08 to do sth和V.-ing的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（2大考点） 考点一 to do sth.用法 考点二 V.-ing用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 to do sth.的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 非谓语动词有三种形式,即动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和分词。 动词不定式： 1.动词不定式的构成:动词不定式的基本构成为“to+动词原形”,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身没有词义,有时可以不要;动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 2.动词不定式的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置。常用句型:It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.; It takes (sb.)+时间段+to do sth. To swim here alone is very dangerous.=It’s very dangerous to swim here alone. 独自在这儿游泳很危险。 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decided to go on a trip to Dali. 我决定去大理旅游。 作宾语 补足语 在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词hear, see, watch等后面,省略to Miss Li made us do Exercise One. 李老师让我们做练习一。 作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 I get up early every morning to catch the early bus. 我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语 Do you have anything to do? 你有要做的事吗? 作表语 常位于be动词后 My job today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。 与疑问词构成不定式短语 “疑问词+to do” 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等 She really didn’t know what to do next. 她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。 3.动词不定式考点归纳 (1)后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的动词(短语): afford, begin/start, choose, decide, try, hope/wish, expect, agree,promise, happen, refuse, learn, seem, volunteer, fail, (would)like/love, want, ask, tell, allow, warn, encourage, force, invite, teach, advise, try one’s best等。 (2)在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(observe, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。 巧学妙记：后跟to do作宾语的动词(短语): ①想要,拒绝,忘记(want/would like, refuse, forget) ②需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn) ③喜欢,同意,帮助(like, agree, help) ④希望,决定,开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start) (3)在“Why not+动词原形?”“had better (not)+动词原形”“Let’s+动词原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。 Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散步呢? You’d better go by bus. 你最好乘公共汽车去。 (4)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的宾语)”结构。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。 4.既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式的动词 (1)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有:like, love, hate, begin, start等。 Do you like playing/to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗? (2)既能接动词不定式又能接v.-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语)有: (forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) ) (stop doing sth. 停止做某事                    stop to do sth. 停下来去做(其他)某事) (need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)   need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)) (try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事) (mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事     ) (regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)) He stopped watching TV and began to read English. 他停止看电视,开始读英语。 He watched TV for an hour. At 8:00 he stopped to do his homework. 他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。 1．I am ready ________ you with your English homework. A．help B．helping C．to help 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我很乐意帮助你完成英语作业。 考查非谓语动词。be ready to do sth“乐意做某事”，为固定短语。故选C。 2．The students were all tired, but ________ of them stopped ________ a rest. A．all; to have B．no one; having C．none; to have D．nobody; having 【答案】C 【解析】句意：学生们都很累，但没有一个人停下来去休息。 考查不定代词和动词不定式。all“全部”；no one“没有人”，不与of连用；none“没有人或物”，可以与of连用；nobody“没有人”，不与of连用。第一空后有of，用none；stop to do指停下来去做另外一件事情，stop doing指停止做某事，此处指停下来去休息，故填to have。故选C。 3．Mr Li asks the students ________ in the river, because it’s too dangerous. A．to not swim B．not to swim C．to swim 【答案】B 【解析】句意：李老师叫学生们不要在河里游泳，因为太危险了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“because it’s too dangerous.”可知在河里游泳太危险了，所以是不让学生去，用结构ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。故选B。 4．It’s windy and cold outside, so we decided ________ outside. A．to go B．not go C．not to go D．don’t go 【答案】C 【解析】句意：外面刮风又冷，所以我们决定不出去。 考查非谓语动词。decide (not) to do sth.意为“决定（不）做某事”，固定搭配，可知空格处用带to的不定式。根据“it’s windy and cold outside”可知，很冷，所以决定不出去，空格处的不定式应用否定形式。故选C。 5．Don’t let yourself ________ by his sweet words. He does ________ the habit of saying bad words behind people. A．fooled; have B．be fooled; have C．fooled; has D．be fooled; has 【答案】B 【解析】句意：不要被他的花言巧语所迷惑。他确实有在别人背后说坏话的习惯。 考查动词不定式和强调。根据“Don’t let”可知，let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，结合“by his sweet words”可知，第一空应用省略to的动词不定式的被动式be fooled，作宾语补足语；根据“He does”可知，助动词does后应用动词原形，does在此表示强调。故选B。 6．—Millie, I don’t know________. Can you give me some advice? —Why not ________ this red shirt and that pair of jeans? A．what to wear; to wear B．what to wear; wear C．how to wear; to wear D．how to wear; wear 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——米莉，我不知道穿什么。你能给我一些建议吗？——为什么不穿这件红色的衬衫和那条牛仔裤呢？ 考查疑问词+不定式和固定搭配。what to wear穿什么；how to wear怎么穿。第一空根据“Why not…this red shirt and that pair of jeans?”可知，此处是询问穿什么衣服，应用what to wear；第二空why not do sth“为什么不做某事？”，应用动词原形wear。故选B。 7．—What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow? —I haven’t got the ticket, so I don’t know ________to leave. A．what B．how C．where D．when 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——明天你将几点乘飞机去北京？——我还没买飞机票，所以我不知道什么时候离开。 考查特殊疑问词辨析。what什么；how怎样；where在哪里；when什么时候。根据“What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow?”及“I haven’t got the ticket”可知，此处应是说不知道离开的时间。故选D。 8．—Do you have any plans for the coming new year? —Yes. It’s necessary for us ________ resolutions for the Dragon Year of China. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你对即将到来的新年有什么计划吗？——有的。我们有必要为中国的龙年立下决心。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”结构，意为“对于某人来说做某事是……的”，所以C项符合。故选C。 9．It took my sister three hours ________ her book report. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我妹妹花了3个小时完成她的读书报告。 考查it句型。此处是It takes sb some time to do sth“花费某人时间做某事”，应用不定式作真正的主语。故选C。 10．My mother offered ________ us to the museum. A．take B．to take C．taking 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的妈妈主动提出带我们去博物馆。 考查非谓语动词。offer to do sth.表示“主动提出做某事”。故选B。 11．Don’t forget _________ Lin Tao about the match when you meet him. A．tell B．to tell C．telling D．tells 【答案】B 【解析】句意：见到林涛时，别忘了告诉他比赛的事。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Lin Tao about the match when you meet him.”可知，考查forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”，表示“事情还未做”，应该填“to tell”。故选B。 12．The purpose of the discussion is ________ children how to tell right from wrong. A．teaches B．teach C．to teaching D．to teach 【答案】D 【详解】句意：讨论的目的是教孩子们如何明辨是非。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The purpose of the discussion is...”可知讨论的目的是教孩子们如何明辨是非，故此处用动词不定式作表语。故选D。 13．—Li Lei is the first ________ the finishing line. —How great he is! A．pass B．passing C．to pass 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——李雷是第一个通过终点线的人。——他真棒啊！ 考查非谓语动词。根据“the first...”可知此处用动词不定式作定语。故选C。 14．Children are not allowed ________ in the hall. A．run B．ran C．to run D．running 【答案】C 【解析】句意：孩子们不被允许在大厅里跑。 考查非谓语动词。根据短语be not allowed to do sth.“不被允许做某事”可知，空格处应用动词不定式to run。故选C。 15．He practised as often as he could ________ his spoken English. A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他尽可能经常练习来提高他的英语口语。 考非谓语动词。根据“his spoken English.”可知，他训练的目的是为了提高口语，故用动词不定式表达目的状语。故选C。 V.-ing的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 动词的-ing形式： 1.构成:动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动词的-ing形式既有动词的性质又有名词的性质。 2.用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 单个动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 玩太多电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 作宾语 动词的-ing形式作宾语表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister likes dancing very much. 我妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。 动词的-ing形式作介词的宾语 I’m looking forward to going home.我期待回家。 作表语 多数情况下,动词的-ing形式作表语可转化为作主语 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务是擦窗户。 作定语 位于所修饰词之前,只表明所修饰词的用途等 My mother bought a washing machine last Sunday. 我妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。 3.后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词及短语 (1)常接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, prefer, need, require, want等。 (2)常接动词的-ing形式作宾语的短语有:be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can’t stop, keep/stop… from, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/ problems/trouble (in) 等。 巧学妙记： 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的词(短语): ①完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy) ②继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up) ③考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like) ④喜欢错过要介意(enjoy, miss, mind) 1．She writes slowly so she has trouble ________ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她写得很慢，所以上课记笔记有困难。 考查非谓语动词。have trouble doing sth. “做某事有困难”，可知填动名词。故选B。 2．They finished ________ in the supermarket. Then they went home. A．shopping B．shoping C．shopped D．to shop 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他们在超级市场买完东西。然后他们就回家了。 考查非谓语动词和动名词变化规则。finish doing sth“结束做某事”，shop的动名词是shopping，故选A。 3．—Would you mind ________ here? —I’m sorry about that. I won’t do it again. A．no smoking B．no smoke C．not smoking 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你介意不在这儿抽烟吗。——对此我很抱歉，我不会再这样做了。 考查非谓语动词。smoke抽烟，考查would you mind doing sth表示“你介意做某事吗？”后面跟动词的ing形式，它的否定形式直接在mind后面加not。故选C。                 4．—Would you mind ________ so much noise? The baby is sleeping. —Oh, sorry, I won’t. A．not make B．making C．not making 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你介意不要制造这么大噪音吗？那个婴儿在睡觉。——抱歉，我不会那么做了。 考查非谓语动词。mind (not) doing sth介意（不）做某事，根据“The baby is sleeping.”可知，婴儿在睡觉，所以不要制造这么大的噪音，故选C。 5．The professor preferred giving speeches to students _________ to meetings at times. A．to being invited B．to inviting C．rather than invite D．rather than be invited 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这位教授宁愿给学生做演讲，也不愿不时被邀请参加会议。 考查动名词的被动式。prefer doing sth to doing sth/prefer to do sth rather than do sth都可以表达“喜欢做……胜过做……”，是固定搭配，根据“preferred ging speeches”可知，该句用的是“prefer doing sth to doing sth”，排除C和D；students和invite之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动式“being done”，排除B。故选A。 6．Water is very important for us, so we must stop it ________ polluted. A．from be B．is C．from being D．from is 【答案】C 【解析】句意：水对我们来说非常重要，所以我们必须阻止它被污染。 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，此处表示“被污染”，应用动名词的被动式作宾语。故选C。 7．—Do you mind ________ the window? —No, not at all. A．my close B．me close C．me closing D．me to close 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你介意我关上窗户吗？——不，一点也不（介意）。 考查非谓语动词。mind后接动名词形式，此处是“mind sb doing sth”结构，表示“介意某人做某事”。故选C。 8．—Not only I but also my brother ________ good at sports. —That’s good. Doing sports ________ good for our health. A．are; is B．is; are C．are; are D．is; is 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——不仅我而且我哥哥都擅长运动。——那很好。做运动对我们的健康有好处。 考查主谓一致。not only...but also“不仅……而且……”，连接并列主语时，遵循“就近原则”，靠近的be的主语“my brother”为单数，be动词应用is；根据“Doing sports ... good for our health.”可知，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故选D。 9．Do you have any ideas for ______ my relationships with my family? A．improve B．to improve C．improving 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你对改善我与家人的关系有什么想法吗？ 考查非谓语动词。介词for后加动名词。故选C。 10．My hobby is ________ chess. I also enjoy ________ stamps. A．play; collecting B．to play; collecting C．playing; to collect D．playing; collecting 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我的爱好是下棋。我也喜欢集邮。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，第一个空用动名词形式，作表语；enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，固定词组。故选D。 11．My teacher says it can improve my ________ skills. A．speak B．speaking C．spoken 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的老师说它可以提高我的口语技能。 考查非谓语动词。根据“skills”可知，此处表示提高自己的口语技能，speaking skills“口语技能”，固定词组。故选B。 12．My brother wants to take part in a ________ competition. A．speak B．spoke C．spoken D．speaking 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我弟弟想参加一次演讲比赛。 考查非谓语动词。speak说，讲，动词原形；spoke过去式；spoken过去分词；speaking现在分词，动名词。speaking competition意为“演讲比赛”，符合句意。故选D。 13．The ___________ machine is broken and we need to buy a new one. A．wash B．washed C．washing D．washes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：洗衣机坏了，我们需要买一台新的。 考查非谓语动词。结合选项和句中“machine”可知，此句说的是洗衣机，表达为“washing machine”，动名词作定语。故选C。 14．—My hobby is ________ old coins, what about you?   —In my free time, I like _______ in the park. A．collect; painting B．collecting; to paint C．collected; painting 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我的爱好是收集旧硬币，你呢？——在空闲时间，我喜欢在公园里画画。 考查非谓语动词。根据“My hobby is...old coins”可知爱好是收集邮票，此处用动名词作表语来说明主语的内容，排除AC选项，故选B。 15．The only good habit of the boy’s is ________ up early. A．getting B．to get C．get D．gets 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个男孩唯一的好习惯就是早起。 考查非谓语动词。is是连系动词，后加动名词或动词不定式，排除CD；习惯是经常性而不是偶然一次，短语get up“起床”，此处用动名词，故选A。 一、完形填空 通读下面短文。掌握其大意，在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C）中选出一个最佳选项。 Do you like reading stories? Perhaps you will answer, “No, I am not a child 1 !” or “Yes, children all over the world always love stories.” Chinese children are interested in Monkey King’s story. It has been a popular bedtime story in China 2 many years. In fact, adults also love the story a lot. The clever monkey 3 the hearts of many Chinese people. British boys and girls all know Alice in Wonderland well. As the name shows, it’s a story full of dangerous but 4 trips. Children laugh, cry and even get scared with Alice while reading the story. Most American kids have read Tom Sawyer. Everyone likes the brave boy. The boy also experiences lots of 5 . Some scenes of the story may make your heart go faster, because Tom and his friends meet some very bad men and are usually in danger. Of course in the end, they beat the bad ones. So either young or old, let’s enjoy stories. 1．A．suddenly B．already C．anymore 2．A．in B．on C．for 3．A．beats B．wins C．hurts 4．A．tiring B．exciting C．boring 5．A．risks B．sticks C．tools 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了世界各地的小孩甚至大人都喜欢读故事。 1．句意：也许你会回答：“不，我不再是个孩子了!”或者“是的，全世界的孩子都喜欢听故事。” suddenly突然；already已经；anymore再。not…anymore“不再……”，固定搭配。故选C。 2．句意：多年来，它一直是中国流行的睡前故事。 in用于年、月、季节之前；on用于具体日期之前；for后接一段时间，用于现在完成时。由“It has been a popular bedtime story in China…many years”可知，此处指一段时间。故选C。 3．句意：这只聪明的猴子赢得了许多中国人的心。 beats打败；wins赢得；hurts伤害。由“ The clever monkey…the hearts of many Chinese people”可知，此处指孙悟空赢得了许多中国人的心。故选B。 4．句意：顾名思义，这是一个充满危险但令人兴奋的旅行的故事。 tiring疲倦的；exciting兴奋的；boring无聊的。由“As the name shows, it’s a story full of dangerous but…trips”及常识可知，《爱丽丝梦游仙境》是一个充满危险但又很令人兴奋的旅程的故事。故选B。 5．句意：这个男孩也经历了很多风险。 risks风险；sticks枝条；tools工具。由“because Tom and his friends meet some very bad men and are usually in danger”可知，是经历了很多风险。故选A。 二、短文填空 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。无提示词的空格只填一个单词，有提示词的空格填一个或两个单词。 We all know that water is the source (源泉) of life on Earth. No plant, animal or human can live without it. 1 new study (研究) shows how important drinking water is for 2 (we) to live longer. Researchers found that people who drank a lot of water every day were 3 (healthy) and lived longer than those who didn’t. And these people developed fewer serious health 4 (problem) with age. What’s more, they added that adults (成年人) who did not drink enough water might die at a younger age. These people were much easier to show signs (迹象) of 5 (get) old. The researchers studied the information of older patients who visited a hospital at least five 6 (time). Dr Natalia Dmitrieva, lead researcher of the study, said, “The results suggest that proper water may help slow down aging (衰老).” She advised people 7 (drink) more water and juice and eat more fruit and vegetables. She added that half of people all around the world do not drink enough. An adult 8 (need) to drink at least 1.5 liters (升) of water every day. 【答案】1．A 2．us 3．healthier 4．problems 5．getting 6．times 7．to drink 8．needs 【解析】本文主要介绍了喝水对人类健康的重要性。 1．句意：一项新的研究表明，喝水对我们长寿是多么重要。此处表示泛指“一项新的研究”，new是以辅音音素开头的，故填A。 2．句意：一项新的研究表明，喝水对我们长寿是多么重要。介词for后接宾格us，故填us。 3．句意：研究人员发现，每天喝大量水的人比不喝水的人更健康，寿命更长。根据“than”可知，此空应填比较级，were后接形容词，healthy的比较级是healthier，故填healthier。 4．句意：随着年龄的增长，这些人很少出现严重的健康问题。fewer后接复数形式，故填problems。 5．句意：这些人更容易表现出衰老的迹象。of后接动名词，故填getting。 6．句意：研究人员研究了至少去医院五次的老年患者的信息。根据“at least five”可知，此处指至少五次，time“次数”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式，故填times。 7．句意：她建议人们多喝水和果汁，多吃水果和蔬菜。advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，此空应填动词不定式，故填to drink。 8．句意：一个成年人每天至少需要喝1.5升水。根据“every day”可知，此句时态为一般现在时，主语是三单，故谓语动词应用三单，故填needs。 三、阅读表达 阅读下面短文，根据要求完成各题。 Asking for directions is important. However, people become confused(困惑的) easily when listening to someone giving directions. So pay careful attention when listening to someone showing directions. For example, he or she may tell you, “Go down the street and turn right at the first crossing. Walk two miles, and then you will find a movie theater and China Bank is across from the theater.” After listening to someone providing directions in English, are you clear? Here is some advice to help you remember the directions. Be sure to ask the person giving directions to slow down or repeat politely; Repeat each direction the person gives. This will help you remember the names of street, turns, and crossings; Finally, repeat the whole set of directions again. Of course, remember to be polite when you ask for directions. Here come two tips: ·Use greetings and polite expressions. Staring the conversation with a greeting is a must like “Good afternoon!” or “Hello! May I ask for some help?” Remember to finish with expressions such as “Thank you!” or “Have a nice day!” ·Use modal verbs(情态动词). For example, it sounds more polite to say, “Excuse me, would you like to tell me the way to Xinhua Bookstore?” But it sounds impolite if you say, “Tell me the way to Xinhua Bookstore.” 1．What should people do when they listen to someone giving directions? 2．Where is the bank according to the first paragraph? 3．What is the chart about? 4．According to the last two paragraphs, how to be polite when people ask for directions? 5．How can you ask the way if you want to go to the washroom? 【答案】1．They should pay careful attention. 2．It’s across from the theater. 3．It’s about the advice to help remember the directions. 4．By using greetings, polite expressions and model verbs. 5．Excuse me, would you like to tell me the way to washroom? 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了帮助记住方向的建议和礼貌问路的建议。 1．根据“So pay careful attention when listening to someone showing directions.”可知，听别人指路时要小心。故填They should pay careful attention. 2．根据“...China Bank is across from the theater”可知，中国银行在剧院对面。故填It’s across from the theater. 3．根据“Here is some advice to help you remember the directions.”可知，这里有一些建议可以帮助你记住方向。故填It’s about the advice to help remember the directions. 4．根据最后两段“Use greetings and polite expressions.”和“Use modal verbs.”可知，问路的时候使用问候语和礼貌用语，使用情态动词。故填By using greetings, polite expressions and model verbs. 5．本题答案不唯一，言之有理即可。根据文章最后两段可知，问路的时候使用问候语、礼貌用语、情态动词。故填Excuse me, would you like to tell me the way to washroom? 一、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Hi, I’m a reporter. 1 ? B: Sure. A: 2 ? B: Yes, very much. I often go to the cinema with my friends on weekends. A: 3 ? B: Big Cinema is the best in town. A: 4 ? B: Because it has the biggest screens and the friendliest service. A: Thank you very much for answering my questions. B: 5 . 【答案】1．May I ask you some questions 2．Do you like going to the cinema 3．Which is the best cinema in town 4．Why do you think so 5．You’re welcome 【解析】本文介绍了一名记者采访一个人是否喜欢电影及对电影院的看法。 1．根据“Sure!”及下文对话内容可知，此处应该说可否问对方一些问题。故填May I ask you some questions。 2．根据“Yes, very much. I often go to the cinema with my friends on weekends.”可知，此处应该问对方是否喜欢去看电影。故填Do you like going to the cinema。 3．根据“ Big Cinema is the best in town.”可知，此处应该问哪个电影院最好。故填Which is the best cinema in town。 4．根据“Because it has the biggest screens and the friendliest service.”可知，此处应该问影院最好的原因。故填Why do you think so。 5．根据“Thank you very much for answering my questions.”可知，此处应该回答对方的感谢，应说“不客气”。故填You’re welcome。 二、阅读表达 阅读下面短文，根据要求完成各题。 Fight with flood Dayu (大禹)was a leader of a tribe(部落). He was kind and friendly to everyone. One day, a flood came and broke a dam(大坝)。 Dayu went to fight the flood. Different from his father, Dayu didn’t build new dams. He widened the river courses(加宽河道). He also built new river courses. In this way, more water could go through and flow into the sea. There was no more flood problem. This is not easy work at all. It took 13 years and 20000 workers to do it. Dayu worked very hard every day. During the years, Dayu passed by his house three times. But he never went inside. He didn’t want his family to take his time and mind(心思)away from the work. Dayu then became the hero of people. He also helped homeless people build new houses. People admired(敬仰)Dayu very much and made him the new king. After that, Dayu built Xia. It was the first dynasty(朝代) in Chinese history. 1．What was Dayu like? 2．How did Dayu fight the flood? 3．How many times did Dayu pass by his house? 4．Why didn’t Dayu go inside his house? 5．Did Dayu help those people who didn’t have homes build new houses? 【答案】1．He was kind and friendly to everyone. 2．He widened the river courses. He also built new river courses. 3．Three times 4．Because he didn’t want his family to take his time and mind away from the work. 5．Yes, he did. 【解析】文章主要讲述了大禹治水的历史故事，后来大禹成为新国王。之后，大禹建造了夏。成为中国历史上第一个王朝。 1．根据文中Dayu (大禹)was a leader of a tribe(部落). He was kind and friendly to everyone. 大禹是一个部落的首领。他对每个人都很友好。可知他对每个人都很好，故答案为He was kind and friendly to everyone. 2．根据文中Dayu went to fight the flood. Different from his father, Dayu didn’t build new dams. He widened the river courses(加宽河道). He also built new river courses. In this way, more water could go through and flow into the sea. 大禹去抗洪了。与父亲不同的是，大禹没有修建新水坝。他拓宽了河道。他还修建了新的河道。这样，更多的水可以通过并流入大海。可知他不仅拓宽了河道，而且还修建了新的河道，故答案为He widened the river courses. He also built new river courses. 3．根据文中During the years, Dayu passed by his house three times. 几年来，大禹三次路过他的家。可知他路过他的家三次，故答案为Three times。 4．根据文中But he never went inside. He didn’t want his family to take his time and mind(心思)away from the work. 但他没进去。他不希望家人把他的时间和精力从工作中抽走。可知它是为了不让家人把时间和精力从他的工作中抽走，故答案为Because he didn’t want his family to take his time and mind away from the work. 5．根据文中He also helped homeless people build new houses. 他还帮助无家可归的人盖了新房子。可知他有帮助无家可归的人修建新房，故答案为Yes, he did. 三、阅读理解 Steve Jobs，the designer of Apple Computer，was not clever when he was in school.At that time，he was not a good student and he always made trouble with his schoolmates.When he went into college，he didn't change a lot.Then he dropped out(退学)．But he was full of new ideas. After he left college，Steve Jobs worked as a video game designer.He worked there for only several months and then he went to India.He hoped that the trip would give him some new ideas and give him a change in life.Steve Jobs lived on a farm in California for a year after he returned from India.In 1975，he began to make a new type of computer.He designed the Apple Computer with his friend in his garage(车库)．He chose the name “Apple” just because it could help him to remember a happy summer he once spent in an apple tree garden.His Apple Computer was such a great success that Steve Jobs soon became famous all over the world. 1．Steve Jobs was not a good student in school because he ________. A．never did his lessons B．was full of new ideas C．always made trouble with his  schoolmates D．dropped out 2．Steve Jobs designed his new computer ________. A．in India B．with his friend C．in an apple tree garden D．by himself 3．Steve Jobs was famous for his ________ all over the world. A．new ideas B．apples C．Apple Computer D．video games 4．From this passage we know ________. A．if you want to be successful，you need to drop out B．Jobs liked traveling in India and California C．Jobs was creative and successful D．Jobs could only design video games 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】文章大意：短文主要描述了苹果电脑公司创始人乔布斯的成功历史。他小时候不是个好学生，常和同学其冲突。毕业后只为一家公司工作了几个月，后来和朋友在自家车库里面研究出了苹果电脑。 1．细节理解题。根据文中At that time，he was not a good student and he always made trouble with his schoolmates.那时，他不是个好学生，常和同学其冲突可知。故答案为C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中He designed the Apple Computer with his friend in his garage(车库)．他和他的朋友在他家的车库里设计了苹果电脑可知。故答案为B。 3．细节理解题。根据文中His Apple Computer was such a great success that Steve Jobs soon became famous all over the world.他的苹果电脑是如此的成功以至于乔布斯很快在全世界出名可知。故答案为C。 4．推理判断题。根据文中Then he dropped out．But he was full of new ideas．然后他辍学了，但是他充满了新想法。He hoped that the trip would give him some new ideas and give him a change in life.他希望这次旅行能给他一些新的想法，给他的生活带来改变。His Apple Computer was such a great success that Steve Jobs soon became famous all over the world. 他的苹果电脑是如此的成功以至于乔布斯很快在全世界出名。可见史蒂文•乔布斯喜欢尝试新事物，有创造力，并且把新想法变成现实，取得了成功。故答案为C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$