期末复习知识点归纳及练习2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册

人教版八年级英语期末复习知识点归纳及练习 一、语法点 1. 不定代词 · 定义：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 · 用法： · some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问句中用some，不用any，问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。 · 由some，any，no，every与body，one，thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。 · 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后，如：something interesting。 2. 频率副词 · 常见的频率副词：always，usually，often，sometimes，never。 · 用法：频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前，be动词或助动词之后，常用于一般现在时态中。 3. 一般将来时 · 结构：will+动词原形 或 be going to+动词原形。 · 用法：表示将来某个时间里将要发生的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 4. “次数”的表达方法 · 一次：once · 两次：twice · 三次或三次以上：基数词+times，如：three times，five times。 5. how疑问词 · how often：多久一次，问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。 · how soon：多久（以后），常用于对将来时间的提问。 · how long：多久，常用于对一段时间或长度的提问。 · how many+名词复数：多少，问数量（针对可数名词）。 · how much+不可数名词：多少，问数量（针对不可数名词），也可问价格。 二、重点短语 1. buy sth for sb./buy sb. sth：为某人买某物 2. taste+adj.：尝起来…… 3. nothing...but+V.（原形）：除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem+（to be）+adj：看起来…… 5. arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方：到达某地 6. decide to do sth.：决定做某事 7. try doing sth.：尝试做某事/try to do sth.：尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth.：喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth.：想去做某事 10. start doing sth.：开始做某事=begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth.：停止做某事（与stop to do sth.：停下来去做某事，进行区分） 12. dislike doing sth.：不喜欢做某事 13. so+adj+that+从句：如此……以至于…… 14. tell sb.（not）to do sth.：告诉某人（不要）做某事 15. keep doing sth.：继续做某事 16. forget to do sth.：忘记去做某事/forget doing sth：忘记做过某事 17. go to the movies：去看电影 18. look after=take care of：照顾 19. surf the internet：上网 20. healthy lifestyle：健康的生活方式 21. keep healthy=stay healthy：保持健康 22. eating habits：饮食习惯 23. take more exercise：做更多的运动 24. be different from：不同 25. shop=go shopping=do some shopping：购物 26. be good for：对……有益 27. be bad for：对……有害 28. come home from school：放学回家 29. get good grades：取得好成绩 30. keep/be in good health：保持健康 三、词语辨析 1. take a photo/take photos：拍照 2. seem · seem+形容词：看起来…… · seem+to do sth.：似乎/好像做某事 · It seems+从句：似乎…… · seem like...：好像，似乎…… 3. arrive · arrive in+大地点=get to=reach+地点名：到达 · arrive at+小地点（若后跟地点副词here/there/home，介词需省略） 4. feel like · feel like sth：感觉像…… · feel like doing sth.：想要做某事 5. wonder：想知道+疑问词（who，what，why）引导的从句 6. because of+名/代/V-ing 与 because+从句：表示原因 7. enough · enough+名词：足够的…… · 形容词/副词+enough：足够地…… 8. maybe/may be · maybe：副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。 · may be：情态动词，意为“可能是……，也许是……，大概是……”。 9. a few/few/a little/little · a few：少数的，几个，一些（表示肯定，修饰可数名词） · few：很少的，几乎没有的（表示否定，修饰可数名词） · a little：一点儿，少量（表示肯定，修饰不可数名词） · little：很少的，几乎没有的（表示否定，修饰不可数名词） 四、部分重点句型 1. It seems that...：似乎…… 2. I seem to have a cold.：我好像感冒了。 3. I can hardly understand them.：我几乎听不懂他们的话。 4. As for him，I never want to see him here.：至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到他。 5. I enjoy doing sth.：我喜欢做某事。 6. I will go to the beach this weekend.：这个周末我将去海滩。 7. She is going to visit her sister this afternoon.：她今天下午要去看望她姐姐。 一、不定代词 以下是人教版八年级英语上学期关于不定代词的选择题，共15题，选项设计在同一行以便阅读： 1. There isn't _____ water in the bottle. Could you get me _____? A. any; some B. some; any C. any; any D. some; some 2. There is _____ milk in the fridge. Let's go and buy some. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 3. There are _____ people in the park on weekdays. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 4. I have _____ homework to do, so I can't go out with you. A. much too B. too much C. many too D. too many 5. I don't like this shirt. Please show me _____ one. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 6. Is there _____ in today's newspaper? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything 7. There isn't _____ in the room. Let's turn on the light. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 8. He has _____ books, but he doesn't read _____ of them. A. many; many B. much; much C. many; much D. much; many 9. There is _____ food left for lunch. We need to buy some. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 10. I have _____ to tell you. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 11. _____ of the students in our class like playing basketball. A. Most B. Much C. Little D. Few 12. He didn't bring _____ with him, so he had nothing to eat. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 13. There is _____ in the room. It's dark. A. nobody B. someone C. anyone D. everybody 14. Can you give me _____ to drink? A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 15. I have _____ time to do that. A. enough B. a little C. little D. much too 答案解析： 1. A（any用于否定句，some用于请求或建议的疑问句） 2. A（little修饰不可数名词，表示否定） 3. B（a few修饰可数名词，表示肯定） 4. B（too much修饰不可数名词） 5. A（another表示另一个） 6. C（anything用于疑问句，且形容词修饰不定代词需后置） 7. B（anything用于否定句，表示“任何东西”） 8. A（many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，且后文of them提示用many） 9. A（little修饰不可数名词，表示否定） 10. A（something用于肯定句，形容词修饰不定代词需后置） 11. A（most修饰可数名词复数，表示“大多数”） 12. B（anything用于否定句） 13. A（nobody表示“没有人”） 14. A（something用于肯定句或请求、建议的疑问句） 15. A（enough修饰名词，表示“足够的”） 二、频率副词与表示次数的短语 1. He usually _____ TV at night, but last night he _____ it. A. watches; didn't watch B. watched; didn't watch C. watches; watch D. watched; watch 2. I _____ play tennis, but now I play it _____ a week. A. never; twice B. sometimes; twice C. always; two D. often; twice a 3. She _____ eats out, she prefers to cook at home. A. hardly ever B. often C. usually D. always 4. How _____ do you go to the movies? A. often B. many times C. much D. long 5. My brother _____ visits his grandparents on weekends. A. sometimes B. often C. always D. hardly ever 6. I _____ go to bed before 10 o'clock, but last night I stayed up late. A. usually B. sometimes C. never D. always 7. They _____ eat junk food, it's not healthy. A. hardly ever B. often C. usually D. always 8. I _____ play soccer with my friends after school. A. once B. twice C. three times D. often 9. She _____ reads books in the library. A. twice a week B. sometimes C. hardly ever D. often a week 10. How _____ do you go swimming in a week? A. often B. many C. much D. often a week 11. I _____ eat breakfast, it's important for my health. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. hardly ever 12. They _____ come to our party, but they didn't come last night. A. usually B. never C. sometimes D. always 13. My sister _____ watches TV on weekdays, she studies a lot. A. hardly ever B. often C. usually D. always 14. I _____ go to the gym, I prefer running outside. A. hardly ever B. sometimes C. often D. never 15. How _____ do you exercise in a week? A. often B. many times C. often a week D. much 答案解析： 1. A（usually表示通常，但last night是过去时，所以用didn't watch） 2. B（sometimes表示有时，twice表示两次，a week表示一周） 3. A（hardly ever表示几乎从不，与后文的prefers to cook at home相呼应） 4. A（how often询问频率） 5. B（often表示经常） 6. A（usually表示通常，但last night是过去时，所以前面用usually表示通常的习惯） 7. A（hardly ever表示几乎从不，与后文的it's not healthy相呼应） 8. D（often表示经常，与后文的after school相呼应，表示经常放学后做某事） 9. B（sometimes表示有时，符合句意） 10. A（how often询问一周内游泳的频率，但选项D的表述不正确） 11. A（always表示总是，与后文的it's important for my health相呼应） 12. A（usually表示通常，但last night是过去时且表示否定，所以用usually表示通常的习惯被打破） 13. A（hardly ever表示几乎从不，与后文的she studies a lot相呼应） 14. D（never表示从不，与后文的I prefer running outside相呼应） 15. C（how often询问频率，但在这里需要具体到一周内锻炼的次数，所以选C） 注意：在选项设计时，我尽量保持了选项的简洁性和一致性，但某些选项如“twice a”在严格意义上是不完整的，应为“twice a week”等。为了符合题目要求的选项在同一行且简洁明了，我进行了适当的省略。在实际教学中，应确保选项的完整性和准确性。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$