精品解析：上海市静安区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研（一模）英语试题

静安区2024学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研 高三英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共10页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 第Ⅰ卷 （共75分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Essential oils are extremely concentrated versions of oily substance that plants produce ____1____ (attract) pollinators (传粉昆虫). They may be natural, but that doesn’t mean they’re always healthy or good for everyone. ____2____ the essential oil is so popular on the cosmetics market is not known. Some people credit its appeal ____3____ its pleasant smell. But one thing is for sure. Essential oils don’t cure cancer and there’s no solid evidence that they do much of anything else for health. But people who love essential oils often say that there’s an oil for everything. They claim these oils can be useful in a variety of ways. Since long ago, Atlanta Institute for Aromatherapy ____4____ (collect) examples of people harmed by essential oils, in an effort to convince oil fans that these things are not always harmless and ____5____ be treated seriously. In their injury report, people said they got skin burns ____6____ they used the oils in harmless-sounding ways. One woman got blisters (泡) on her back after putting a few drops of sweet orange oil in her bath water. Another applied an oil mixture behind the ears, ____7____ seemed to cause burning. Some oils, especially ____8____ from citrus (柑橘属的) plants, can cause burns and blisters by sensitizing skin to the sun. Others hurt skin directly. And ____9____ (mix) oils with water, which is suggested by many, seldom helps to reduce the harm. Saddest of all are the stories of people who adopted oils as a treatment for skin problems, only to find the condition worsened. Therefore, some oils may be safe for skin, when appropriately ____10____ (apply). To protect you from any unexpected harm, a tryout is always recommended. 【答案】1. to attract 2. Why 3. to 4. has been collecting##has collected 5. should 6. although 7. which 8. those##ones 9. mixing 10. applied 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对精油作用的一些误解和使用精油对人体造成的伤害。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：精油是植物为吸引传粉者而产生的油性物质的极度浓缩。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式。故填to attract。 【2题详解】 考查连接副词。句意：为什么这种精油在化妆品市场如此受欢迎还不清楚。空格处引导主语从句，且意义为“为什么”，所以应该用连词副词why引导。故填Why。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：有些人把它的吸引力归功于它令人愉快的气味。credit...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……归功于……”。故填to。 【4题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从很久以前，亚特兰大芳香疗法研究所一直在收集人们被精油伤害的例子，试图说服精油爱好者，这些东西并不总是无害的，应该认真对待。空格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语since long ago可知，句子应该用现在完成时，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在；也可以强调动作的延续性，用现在完成进行时。主语是Atlanta Institute for Aromatherapy，助动词用has。故填has been collecting/has collected。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：很久以前，亚特兰大芳香疗法研究所一直在收集人们被精油伤害的例子，试图说服精油爱好者，这些东西并不总是无害的，应该认真对待。根据句意和空格后的动词原形be可知，空格处应该填入应该一个情态动词，且意义为“应该”，所以用should。故填should。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：在他们的伤害报告中，人们说尽管他们以无害的方式使用了这些油，他们的皮肤却烧伤了。空格前后的内容是让步转折关系，应该用although引导让步状语从句。故填although。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：另一个人在耳朵后面涂了一种油混合物，这似乎引起了灼伤。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词an oil mixture进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填which。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意：一些油，特别是来自柑橘类植物的油，会使皮肤在阳光下变得敏感，从而导致灼伤和水泡。空格处应该用代词，代指上文的复数名词oils，所以用those或ones。故填those/ones。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人建议将油和水混合，但这很少有助于减少危害。空格处作主语，应该用动名词形式mixing。故填mixing。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：因此，如果使用得当，有些油对皮肤是安全的。根据动词apply和空格前的连词when可知，此处考查状语从句的省略，when引导的完整从句是when they are appropriately applied。从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填applied。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unnoticed B. decompose C. estimated D. fulfil E. replacement F. readily G. launch H. ultimate I. minimize J. hazard K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) ____11____ to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and ____12____ ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal ____13____ in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes ____14____,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The ____15____ available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise ____16____ in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) ____17____ for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to ____18____ eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s ____19____ dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) _____20_____ 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. 【答案】11. J 12. I 13. K 14. A 15. F 16. B 17. E 18. G 19. H 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了时尚行业正面临可持续性和环境挑战，以及设计师们如何探索创新方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，其中Zsofia Kollar利用人类头发作为创新材料来减少对环境的影响。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据后文“designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint”可推知，时尚产品生产被认为对环境有害，所以要探索创新的方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，用名词hazard作宾语，意为“危害”，符合语境。故选J项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据前文“reduce waste”可推知，要减少浪费，要最小化生态足迹，用动词minimize意为“最小化”，用原形构成不定式短语作 ways的后置定语，符合语境。故选I项。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据后文“in clothing”以及“yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool”可推知，我们在服装中使用了除自己头发外的动物纤维，用可数名词fiber作宾语，意为“纤维”，有a variety of(各种各样的)修饰，用复数形式。故选K项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据前文“we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair...”和后文“Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?”可知，们的头发是被忽视的服装材料，用形容词unnoticed作表语，意为“未被注意的”，符合语境。故选A项。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种很容易获得的废弃物不需要土地、水或资源来生产。根据后文“available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce”可知，头发这种废弃物是很容易获得的，用副词readily作状语，意为“容易地”，符合语境。故选F项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：她的创新还节省了数千吨的头发，否则这些头发将在垃圾填埋场中分解。根据后文“in rubbish landfills”可知，头发会在垃圾填埋场中分解，用动词decompose作从句谓语，意为“分解”，在助动词would后用原形。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，这种织物可以作为棉花等天然材料的替代品，棉花的生产需要大量的水。根据下文“for natural materials like cotton”和“whose production requires large quantities of water”可知，棉花的生产需要大量的水，所以很容易获得的头发可以作为棉花的替代品，用名词replacement作宾语，意为“替代品”，符合语境。故选E项。 18题详解】 考查动词。句意：但Kollar已经与一家高端时尚品牌合作，推出环保时尚系列。根据后文“eco-friendly fashion collections”可知，Kollar推出环保时尚系列，用动词launch，意为“推出，发行”，用原形构成不定式短语。故选G项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废弃物，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据后文“dream”和“transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually”可知，这是他的最终梦想，用形容词ultimate作定语，意为“最终的”，符合语境。故选H项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废料，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据常识和后文“550,000 tons of human hair”可知，55万吨人类头发是估计的数字，用形容词estimated作定语，意为“估计的，预计的”，符合语境。故选C项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel ____21____ when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) ____22____ of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I ____23____ regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under ____24____. In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided ____25____. However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without ____26____. Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional ____27____. It disturbs mealtimes and sets off ____28____ conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being ____29____ with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any ____30____ to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself ____31____ into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic ____32____ of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, ____33____, is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic ____34____ in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and ____35____ of the world matter, after all. 21. A. regretful B. ashamed C. unique D. refreshed 22. A. co-hosting B. co-existence C. delivery D. co-authoring 23. A. traded for B. enclosed with C. equipped with D. restricted to 24. A. wraps B. guidance C. way D. construction 25. A. evolution B. controversy C. mask D. conquer 26. A. hesitation B. expense C. rhythm D. notice 27. A. negotiation B. routine C. complication D. highlight 28. A. identical B. inharmonious C. illegal D. innovative 29. A. judged B. guided C. reversed D. cheated 30. A. energy B. information C. excuse D. assistance 31. A. imperceptibly B. purposefully C. narrowly D. originally 32. A. output B. obstacle C. combination D. flow 33. A. for example B. however C. in addition D. in general 34. A. profile B. trace C. imitation D. edge 35. A. priority B. civilization C. diversity D. ambition 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者因为童年时期语言环境复杂而害怕母亲在公共场合说英语，但成为父亲后，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，认为世界的多样性和丰富性很重要。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她在放学回家的路上说英语时，我会感到羞耻。A. regretful后悔的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. unique独特的；D. refreshed恢复精神的。根据前文“My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly.(我在法国农村长大，最大的恐惧是我的英国母亲会在公共场合大声用她的母语对我说话)”可知，作者的母亲会在公共场合大声说英语，作者作为法国人，在公共场合听到母亲说英语会感到羞愧，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年时代，不同语言的共存是由许多人为的划分来维持的。A. co-hosting联合主办；B. co-existence共存；C. delivery递送；D. co-authoring合著。根据后文“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family.(英语是我们家说的语言。法语是为了上学，一般来说是为了家庭以外的一切)”以及“Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者家里会说英语和法语，即多种语言共存，故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后是意大利语，一种我与父亲联系在一起的语言，一种我限制在定期访问意大利时使用的语言。A. traded for换得；B. enclosed with围住；C. equipped with配备；D. restricted to限于。根据后文“regular visits to Italy”可知，作者只有去意大利才有使用意大利语，即仅限于去意大利才使用，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去英国拜访我母亲的家人时，我隐藏了自己的法语。A. wraps外衣；B. guidance指导；C. way方法；D. construction建造。根据后文“In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid nature.(在意大利，我坚持讲我熟悉的话题，以防随便一个英语或法语单词会暴露了我的混合身份)”可知，作者会隐藏与当地不符的语言，keep sth. under wraps意为“把某事隐藏起来，把某事保密”，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：安全身份是三面面具。A. evolution进化；B. controversy争议；C. mask面具，口罩；D. conquer征服。根据前文“Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment.(在这些语言界限的背后，我需要在任何环境下保持安全)”可知，作者需要保持安全，所以作者认为安全的身份是一个面具，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为和我在伦敦出生的孩子说法语自然会使他们说两种语言，于是我毫不犹豫地采取了行动。A. hesitation犹豫；B. expense花费；C. rhythm韵律；D. notice通知。根据前文“Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual”可知，作者认为用法语和孩子在伦敦说话会让他们自然地成为双语者，所以作者毫不犹豫地这样做了，without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，把法语引入家庭无疑是一个额外的复杂因素。A. negotiation协商；B. routine常规；C. complication复杂化的难题；D. highlight强调。根据后文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off ____ conversations”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发复杂情况，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它扰乱了用餐时间，引发了不和谐的谈话，使我的法语和其他人的英语对立起来。A. identical相同的；B. inharmonious不和谐的；C. illegal非法的；D. innovative创新的。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，所以作者认为这会引发不和谐的对话，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让孩子们觉得他们一直被一个以法语为母语的人评判着。A. judged评判；B. guided指导；C. reversed逆转；D. cheated欺骗。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off inharmonious conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发不和谐的对话，作者说法语，家里其他人说英语，所以孩子们会觉得自己一直在被一个说母语法语的人评判，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，尽管他们对法语的理解越来越深，但他们会找任何借口在上学的路上走在我后面几步，以避免用法语交谈。A. energy能量；B. information信息；C. excuse借口；D. assistance帮助。根据后文“to avoid a conversation in French”可知，孩子们想避免用法语交谈，所以他们会找借口走在作者后面几步，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有刻意的努力，随着家人偶尔说意大利语，第三种语言也不知不觉地融入了我孩子的语言网络。A. imperceptibly极微地，不易察觉地；B. purposefully故意地；C. narrowly勉强；D. originally最初。根据前文“without intentional efforts”可知，没有刻意努力，所以第三种语言不易察觉地融入了作者孩子的语言网络，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我成长过程中的语言组合被复制到了我的孩子身上。A. output输出；B. obstacle障碍；C. combination结合；D. flow流动。根据前文“The linguistic (语言的) ____ of different languages during my childhood”和“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者的成长过程中结合了三种不同的语言，最后这种结合的语言环境被复制到了孩子身上，故选C。 33题详解】 考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：然而，它的统治并不是要剥夺我的孩子们说其他语言的自由。A. for example例如；B. however然而；C. in addition此外；D. in general通常。根据前文“No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world”和后文“is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，所以空白处应填however，意为“然而”，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，否则他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言优势。A. profile轮廓；B. trace踪迹；C. imitation模仿；D. edge优势，边缘。根据前文“Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages”可知，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，所以如果不学习外语，他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言学优势，故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坚持让孩子们接触各种语言，这正是我向他们传递世界多元性和多样性重要性的方法。A. priority优先权；B. civilization文明；C. diversity多样性；D. ambition抱负。根据前文“my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity”可知，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，所以作者认为世界的多样性很重要，故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them. So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in. “We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.” Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away. 36. What is NOT mentioned as a problem the Allens meet with? A. Physical weakness due to the broken bone. B. Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules. C. Failure to handle certain fixing tasks due to limited mobility. D. Difficulty in traveling to public places alone due to physical condition. 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. People like Allens gather to live in a special place for shared elderly caring. B. The government arranges necessary services for people like Allens. C. Senior people give up “aging in place” life mainly out of pressure from children. D. “Aging in place” people pay to have necessary service staff on call. 38. The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. alternative B. fake C. rushed D. joint 39. Which of the following is probably the title of the passage? A. US grey band fights to stay at home B. Attention, US seniors are suffering C. At home vs Nursing home-a hard choice for US seniors D. US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了关于老年人如何在社区中保持独立生活，以及一个由居民自发组织的运动，旨在使社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的现象。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them.(在波托马克河附近的一个小镇上，82岁的George和Anne Allen夫妇正努力留在他们心爱的三层楼房和社区里。Allen先生自从在楼梯上摔倒摔断了脊椎后，走路就一直很困难，而且考虑到他的身体状况，他在驾照到期续签时可能会失去驾驶资格。Allen太太最近下床时不小心弄伤了脚。他们俩都无法爬上梯子去换灯泡，也无法在洗碗池下弯腰修理漏水。如果没有外界的帮助，对他们来说，去商店和公共场所将意味着难以想象的艰难跋涉)”可知，选项A、C和D都是Allen夫妇所遇到的问题。选项B“Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules.(因违反交通规则而可能失去驾照)”并未提及。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away.(为了获得启发，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费——个人580美元，以此换取安全保障，知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到)”可知，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费，以确保知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到。故选D。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Although not the cure — all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。 39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in.(因此，Allen夫妇与他们的邻居们团结起来，邻居们也同样决心避免因为依赖他人而被迫离开自己的家。与全国100多个社区一样，他们的团体也是致力于让社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的运动的一部分)”以及第四段“Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. (他们的团体已经注册为非营利性公司，正在设定会员费，并正在组织交通、房屋维修、陪伴、安全和其他服务的提供者，以满足他们在家里尽可能长时间生活的需求。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要描述了美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老，即“就地养老”（aging in place），所做的努力和斗争。他们通过自发组织，确保自己能在熟悉的社区环境中养老，而无需被迫搬离到养老院或其他护理机构。选项A“US grey band fights to stay at home”直接反映了文章的主旨，即美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老所做的斗争。其中，“grey band”形象地描述了老年人群体，而“fights to stay at home”则准确地概括了他们的行动和目标，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 （B） The world continues to inspire travel writers. Standout books for the year ahead are to please all types of our readers. A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness World explorer Alastair Humphries spent a year examining every square metre of a 12-mile radius (半径) around his home in London and found wonder close to hand. A former Adventurer of the Year, Humphries has cycled around the globe and rowed across the Atlantic Ocean. His latest book, though, is a celebration of slowing things down and discovering a small wild world right on your doorstep. It’s also a cry to revitalize London’s neglected natural places in urban areas and our right to wander in them. £12.99, Eye Books. My Adventures in Travel and Publishing Travel publisher, Hilary Bradt’s guidebook company celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. The first Bradt Travel Guide was born in1974: Backpacking Along Ancient Ways Peru & Bolivia which included some of the very first descriptions of the Inca Trail. Since then, Bradt has published many guidebooks about the farthest parts of the planet — Mongolia and Madagascar among them. Pioneering backpacking travels before the concept was widespread, he presents this book looking back at a lifetime of trials and stimulation in the wild. £20.00, Bradt. True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection Environmental writer Laurie King has gathered a collection of original non-fiction stories, illustrations, and poems examining the human connection with nature. He takes a walk across the desert and discovers how hermits (隐士) survived in a South American forest. These exciting stories aim to inspire you to find your wild animal soul and rethink your relationship with nature. £14.99, Watkins Publishing. Writers Walk the World From the streets of London to the paths of Japan, the jungles of Ghana and beyond, Duncan Minshull collects the works of more than fifty walker-writers who have traveled the world’s seven continents on foot. From the 1500s to the present day comes a memorable band of explorers and adventurers, scientists and craftsmen, pleasure-seekers and literary drifters sharing their experiences and asking themselves a question — why travel this way in the first place? £15.99, Notting Hill Editions. 40. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Humphries’s book describes sceneries he saw when cycling around the globe. B. Hilary Bradt is among the forerunners of backpacking tours C. Laurie King’s book describes his contact with wild animals. D. Duncan Minshull’s book compares modern cities with rural areas. 41. The book which collects experiences from people of different identities is ________. A. A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness B. My Adventures in Travel and Publishing C. True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection D. Writers Walk the World 42. The book ________ is focused on natural attractions in a city. A. A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness B. My Adventures in Travel and Publishing C. True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection D. Writers Walk the World 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了来年将出版的四本旅行书籍的简介及售价。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。由文章My Adventures in Travel and Publishing部分中“Since then, Bradt has published many guidebooks about the farthest parts of the planet — Mongolia and Madagascar among them. Pioneering backpacking travels before the concept was widespread, he presents this book looking back at a lifetime of trials and stimulation in the wild. £20.00, Bradt. (自那以来，布拉德特出版了许多关于地球上最偏远地区的指南——其中包括蒙古和马达加斯加。在背包旅行的概念广泛流行之前，他就率先进行了这样的旅行，并在这本书中回顾了自己在野外一生的试炼与激励。)”可知，Hilary Bradt是背包旅行的先驱之一。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“From the 1500s to the present day comes a memorable band of explorers and adventurers, scientists and craftsmen, pleasure-seekers and literary drifters sharing their experiences and asking themselves a question — why travel this way in the first place? (从16世纪到现在，一群令人难忘的探险家和冒险家、科学家和工匠、寻欢作乐者和文学流浪者分享了他们的经历，并问自己一个问题——为什么要以这种方式旅行？)”可知，《Writers Walk the World》收集了不同身份的人的经验。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。由文章A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness部分中“His latest book, though, is a celebration of slowing things down and discovering a small wild world right on your doorstep. It’s also a cry to revitalize London’s neglected natural places in urban areas and our right to wander in them. (然而，他的最新著作却是在庆祝放慢脚步，发现你家门口的那个小小的野生世界。这本书也呼吁振兴伦敦市区被忽视的自然场所，以及我们在其中漫步的权利。)”可知，《A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness》这本书聚焦于城市内的自然景观。故选A。 （C） About 150 years after his death, questions appeared about the authorship of William Shakespeare’s plays. Scholars and literary critics began to float names like Christopher Marlowe, Edward de Vere and Francis Bacon - men of more known backgrounds, literary recognition, or inspiration - as the true authors of the plays. Much of this came from the incomplete record of Shakespeare’s life and the lack of eye-witness sources. Official files from the Holy Trinity Church and the Stratford government record the existence of a William Shakespeare, but none bears the statements like him being an actor or playwright (剧作家). Skeptics (怀疑者) also questioned how anyone of such humble education could write with the intellectual perceptiveness and poetic power that are displayed in Shakespeare’s works. One specific cry came from Henry Chettle and Robert Greene, who, many thought were both jealous of Shakespeare’s fame. The problem these two authors had with Shakespeare had something to do with the fact that he was a new comer from the back of beyond. The two questioned Shakespeare’s unclear whereabouts after he moved to London. However, the vast majority of Shakespearean scholars argue that William Shakespeare wrote all his own plays. They point out that other playwrights of the time also had unclear histories and came from low backgrounds. They believe that Stratford’s New Grammar School course of Latin and the classics could have provided a good foundation for literary writers. Supporters of Shakespeare’s authorship argue that the lack of evidence about Shakespeare’s life doesn’t mean his life didn’t exist. They point to evidence that displays his name on the title pages of published poems and plays. Examples exist of authors and critics of the time acknowledging William Shakespeare as author of plays. According to many, Shakespeare’s footprints in London are also well documented. He was believed to partly own the Globe Theatre where his plays were produced. The theatre was also involved in some high profile events: it was moved across the Thames in 1598 and burned down on the 29th of June 1613. The events both pointed to Shakespeare’s whereabouts. Today, his plays are highly popular and reinterpreted in performances with diverse cultural backgrounds. The appeal of Shakespeare’s characters and plots is that they present real human beings in a wide range of emotions and conflicts that go beyond their origins in Elizabethan England. 43. Which of the reasons is NOT mentioned to support skepticism about Shakespeare’s authorship? A. Official records didn’t mention Shakespeare’s identity as a playwright. B. Shakespeare’s education background couldn’t support his literary achievements. C. Shakespeare’s plays were inspired by big-name literary giants. D. There was a lack of specific details of Shakespeare’s life. 44. Which of the following facts disproves Henry Chettle and Robert Greene’s skepticism? A. Shakespeare’s literary power was recognized at his time. B. His activities in London could be proved by happenings of his theatre. C. Shakespeare’s childhood education experience helped him gain literary ability. D. The title papers of government documents bore his name. 45. The charm of Shakespeare’s plays today lies in that ________. A. his plots are full of conflicts B. his plays are translated into many languages C. he succeeded from a modest background D. he pictures people of real feelings which can exist today 46. The passage is mainly about ________. A. ways to determine the real author of classic literary works B. the fights between Shakespeare’s supporters and his opponents C. doubts and proofs about the authorship of Shakespeare’s plays D. the criticism on Shakespeare’s plays and their values 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于莎士比亚戏剧作者身份的争议，怀疑者质疑其行踪、身份记录和教育背景，但大多数学者认为莎士比亚是其作品的真正作者，并通过历史证据支持这一观点。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Much of this came from the incomplete record of Shakespeare’s life and the lack of eye-witness sources. Official files from the Holy Trinity Church and the Stratford government record the existence of a William Shakespeare, but none bears the statements like him being an actor or playwright (剧作家). (这在很大程度上是由于对莎士比亚生平的记录不完整，以及缺乏目击者。来自圣三一基督教堂和斯特拉特福德政府的官方文件记录了威廉·莎士比亚的存在，但没有任何证据表明他是一名演员或剧作家。)”和第二段“Skeptics (怀疑者) also questioned how anyone of such humble education could write with the intellectual perceptiveness and poetic power that are displayed in Shakespeare’s works. (怀疑论者还质疑，一个受教育程度如此低下的人，怎么能写出莎士比亚作品中所展现的那种思想的洞察力和诗意的力量。)”可知，对莎士比亚的作者身份持怀疑态度的理由包括，缺乏关于他生活的具体细节，官方记录没有提到他作为剧作家的身份，以及他的教育背景无法支持他的文学成就，但未提及他的戏剧受到了大名鼎鼎的文学巨匠的启发。故选C项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was believed to partly own the Globe Theatre where his plays were produced. The theatre was also involved in some high profile events: it was moved across the Thames in 1598 and burned down on the 29th of June 1613. The events both pointed to Shakespeare’s whereabouts. (据信他拥有环球剧场的部分股份，他的戏剧就是在那里制作的。剧场还参与了一些引人注目的事件：1598年，它被搬到泰晤士河对岸，1613年6月29日被烧毁。这两件事都指向莎士比亚的行踪。)”可知，剧场里发生的事情可以证明莎士比亚在伦敦的活动，这驳斥了Henry Chettle和Robert Greene的怀疑。故选B项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The appeal of Shakespeare’s characters and plots is that they present real human beings in a wide range of emotions and conflicts that go beyond their origins in Elizabethan England. (莎士比亚的人物和情节的魅力在于，他们呈现了真实的人类，其广泛的情感和冲突超越了他们在伊丽莎白时代的英国的起源。)”可知，其戏剧仍有魅力的原因在于他描绘了真实情感的人，这种真实情感可以存在于今天。故选D项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“About 150 years after his death, questions appeared about the authorship of William Shakespeare’s plays. (大约在他死后150年，关于威廉·莎士比亚戏剧的作者的问题出现了。)”和第四段中“However, the vast majority of Shakespearean scholars argue that William Shakespeare wrote all his own plays. (然而，绝大多数研究莎士比亚的学者认为威廉·莎士比亚所有的戏剧都是他自己写的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了关于莎士比亚戏剧作者身份的争议，怀疑者质疑其行踪、身份记录和教育背景，但大多数学者认为莎士比亚是其作品的真正作者，并通过历史证据支持这一观点。因此，文章主要是展现关于莎士比亚戏剧作者的怀疑和证据。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The coming of a new year marks a fresh start and motivates many people to break bad habits. Some are easier to shake than others. However, the tendency to procrastinate is among the stickiest. Whether it’s finishing a piece of work, sending an email or going for a run, some tasks can become unconquerable. The easiest way to deal with these tasks is to put them off until later or never at all. It’s procrastination. It is a specific form of delay that is both unnecessary and voluntary. ____47____ At its heart, procrastination is about avoidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s often the emotions attached to an activity that cause people to pause. Handling the first lines of a college essay may bring up feelings of self-doubt, for example. When you’re faced with a broad question or topic to write about, the lack of clear instructions can produce a fear of not getting it right or of what might happen if you get it wrong. The person procrastinating usually does so despite knowing that the task is important or valuable to them or others, and that putting it off could be risky to them or others. Big projects may bring overpowering feelings which are likely to lead to procrastination. ____48____ Answering an ordinary email from work, for example, may bring instant discomfort, so the urge to escape such negative emotion defeats one’s duty to complete the daily task. Like any personality character, there are some biological connections. Research suggests that procrastination is linked to impatience on a genetic level. It may be a passed-down property. ____49____ Environmental factors are just as important in shaping our response to tasks. Someone who doesn’t usually procrastinate can do so if they find themselves in a situation that exhausts their responding abilities, such as the death of a family member. ____50____ Of course, procrastination can pile on more pressures by leaving a task hanging over a person’s head, thus producing a negative cycle that can damage mental health, lower academic performance and lead to financial trouble. A. But that doesn’t mean you’re stuck and that’s who you are. B. Procrastination becomes an easy and ‘dirty’ way of reaction when your handling resources are maxed out. C. Chances are that you will find yourself supported by procrastination all along. D. It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. E. You will become increasingly frustrated with yourself for not getting the task done. F. However, the threat can also come from something tiny. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了拖延现象的本质及其影响因素，指出拖延是一种不必要的自愿延迟，通常源于对任务的负面情绪反应，而遗传和环境因素也会影响拖延行为，最终可能导致心理压力和不良后果。 【47题详解】 前文“It’s procrastination. It is a specific form of delay that is both unnecessary and voluntary. (这是拖延。这是一种既不必要又自愿的特殊延迟形式。)”引入拖延的话题，介绍其性质，后文“At its heart, procrastination is about avoidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s often the emotions attached to an activity that cause people to pause. (拖延的核心是逃避。导致人们暂停的往往不是任务本身，而是与活动相关的情绪。)”指出拖延是由逃避与任务相关的情绪导致的，因此D项“It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. (它不是由人们需要优先处理其他任务或意外的紧急情况引起的。)”符合语境，指出拖延不是由什么原因导致的，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的procrastination。故选D。 【48题详解】 前文“Big projects may bring overpowering feelings which are likely to lead to procrastination. (大项目可能会带来难以抑制的情绪，这很可能导致拖延。)”提到大项目可能会导致拖延，后文“Answering an ordinary email from work, for example, may bring instant discomfort, so the urge to escape such negative emotion defeats one’s duty to complete the daily task. (例如，回复工作中的普通电子邮件可能会立即带来不适，所以逃避这种负面情绪的冲动会使一个人无法完成日常任务。)”举例具体说明一些日常的小事也会导致拖延，因此F项“However, the threat can also come from something tiny. (然而，威胁也可能来自微小的东西。)”符合语境，指出微小的东西也会造成拖延，与前文构成转折，后文是对其例证。故选F。 【49题详解】 前文“Research suggests that procrastination is linked to impatience on a genetic level. It may be a passed-down property. (研究表明，拖延症在基因层面上与缺乏耐心有关。这可能是一种遗传属性。)”提到拖延可能是一种遗传下来的内在特性，后文“Environmental factors are just as important in shaping our response to tasks. (环境因素在塑造我们对任务的反应方面同样重要。)”指出外界的环境因素也会影响拖延，因此A项“But that doesn’t mean you’re stuck and that’s who you are. (但这并不意味着你被困住了，这就是你。)”符合语境，表示虽然有遗传因素，但不代表拖延不能改变，与前文构成转折，引出后文。故选A。 50题详解】 前文“Environmental factors are just as important in shaping our response to tasks. Someone who doesn’t usually procrastinate can do so if they find themselves in a situation that exhausts their responding abilities, such as the death of a family member. (环境因素在塑造我们对任务的反应方面同样重要。通常不拖延的人在发现自己处于耗尽反应能力的情况下会这样做，比如家庭成员的死亡。)”指出外界的环境因素也会影响拖延，举例说明人的反应能力被耗尽时会拖延，因此B项“Procrastination becomes an easy and ‘dirty’ way of reaction when your handling resources are maxed out. (当你的处理能力达到极限时，拖延就变成了一种简单而“肮脏”的反应方式。)”符合语境，分析了这种情况下拖延出现的原因，承接前文，其中的maxed out和前文的exhausts呼应。故选B。 Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究发现，遭受危机的古代社会很快就能从未来的挫折中恢复过来。这项研究研究了跨越时间和空间的多个地点。采用日期作为数据的方法对收集的样本进行了年龄测定，结果发现，作为主要受害者的农民以某种方式幸存下来，这些经历使他们的后代受益，有助于未来的快速恢复。这项研究的比较方法在今天是有价值的。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. ②Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. ③To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. ④However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks.用现分词作后置定语对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 [高分句型2] Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第四段进行了概括。 第Ⅱ卷（共40分） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 记得修水管，否则厨房很快就会水漫金山。（or）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Remember to fix the pipe, or the kitchen will soon be flooded. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句和连词。“记得修水管”用祈使句表示，翻译为remember to fix the pipe，位于句首，首字母需大写；“否则”用连词or；“厨房很快就会水漫金山”可译为the kitchen will soon be flooded。故翻译为Remember to fix the pipe, or the kitchen will soon be flooded. 53. 我们不妨送她一个带遥控功能的空气净化器作为乔迁礼物。（might as well）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We might as well give her an air purifier with remote control as a housewarming gift. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，表示“我们”应用we，在本句中作主语；表示“不妨”应用 might as well，为固定搭配，该短语由情态动词may和副词as well组成，并且常跟原形动词连用；表示“送某人某东西”应用give sb sth，为固定搭配，表示“一个带遥控功能的空气净化器”应用an air purifier with remote control，在本句中作直接宾语，其中with remote control(带遥控功能的)为介词短语作后置定语；表示“为乔迁礼物”应用 as a housewarming gift，为介词短语作状语。故翻译为We might as well give her an air purifier with remote control as a housewarming gift. 54. 如果准新娘们认为婚纱是重中之重，那只能削减其它项的开支以防婚礼预算超支。（cut）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If brides-to-be think that wedding dresses are the top priority, they can only cut back on other expenses to prevent the wedding budget from overspending. 【解析】 【详解】考查从句和动词短语。本句是一个条件状语从句，从句为一般现在时，主句用情态动词+动词原形。连词使用if导，表示“如果”。“brides-to-be”表示“准新娘”，“think”后接宾语从句，连接词为that；表达“婚纱是最重要的事情”用the wedding dresses are the top priority；“削减其它项的开支”为cut back on other expenses ；“以防婚礼预算超支”为prevent the wedding budget from overspending，用不定式作目的状语。故翻译为：If brides-to-be think that wedding dresses are the top priority, they can only cut back on other expenses to prevent the wedding budget from overspending. 55. 与其他国家消费者相比，很多中国人并不习惯信用卡支付，移动支付能在中国迅速崛起，一定程度上也得益于此。（benefit）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Compared to consumers in other countries, many Chinese don’t get accustomed to paying by credit card, which to some extent has benefited the rapid rise of mobile payment in China. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。表示“与……相比”短语为compared to，此处过去分词作状语；表示“其他国家消费者”翻译为consumers in other countries作宾语；表示“很多中国人”作主语主语为many Chinese；表示“习惯于”短语为get accustomed to doing sth.，此处为否定陈述句，且陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“信用卡支付”用动名词短语paying by credit card；后跟which 引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“一定程度上”短语为to some extent；表示“使……受益”应用动词benefit，此处“移动支付能在中国迅速崛起，一定程度上也得益于此”理解为“有利于中国移动支付的快速崛起”翻译为benefit the rapid rise of mobile payment in China，为现在完成时。故翻译为Compared to consumers in other countries, many Chinese don’t get accustomed to paying by credit card, which to some extent has benefited the rapid rise of mobile payment in China. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是高三学生李华，你所属的学校本学期实行午餐自助餐制（buffet lunch），目前发现了食物浪费和饮食不均衡等问题，有人建议取消自助餐制。给校长写电子邮件，谈谈你的看法。邮件中必须包括： 1. 你是否赞成取消自助餐制； 2. 你的理由； 3. 如赞成，你建议的新就餐形式/如反对，你建议的改进措施。 （邮件中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Principal,  I am writing to express my thoughts regarding the suggestion of canceling the buffet lunch system at our school.  I do not agree with canceling it, as it provides students with variety and flexibility in choosing their meals, which is valuable for meeting different dietary needs and preferences. However, I acknowledge the issues of food waste and nutritional imbalance. To address these concerns, I suggest implementing educational sessions on balanced diets to guide students in making healthier food choices. Additionally, placing clear portion guidance signs can remind students to take only what they can consume. Monitoring and providing feedback on food waste can also raise awareness. These measures can help maintain the benefits of the buffet system while reducing its drawbacks.  Thank you for your attention to this matter.  Sincerely,  Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生所属的学校本学期实行午餐自助餐制，目前发现了食物浪费和饮食不均衡等问题，有人建议取消自助餐制，要求考生按照要求给校长写电子邮件，谈谈自己的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：express → convey 建议：suggestion → proposal 废除：cancel → abolish 不同的：different → diverse 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To address these concerns, I suggest implementing educational sessions on balanced diets to guide students in making healthier food choices. 拓展句：To address these concerns, I suggest our school implement educational sessions on balanced diets to guide students in making healthier food choices. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I do not agree with canceling it, as it provides students with variety and flexibility in choosing their meals, which is valuable for meeting different dietary needs and preferences.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句、which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 Additionally, placing clear portion guidance signs can remind students to take only what they can consume.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 静安区2024学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研 高三英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共10页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 第Ⅰ卷 （共75分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Essential oils are extremely concentrated versions of oily substance that plants produce ____1____ (attract) pollinators (传粉昆虫). They may be natural, but that doesn’t mean they’re always healthy or good for everyone. ____2____ the essential oil is so popular on the cosmetics market is not known. Some people credit its appeal ____3____ its pleasant smell. But one thing is for sure. Essential oils don’t cure cancer and there’s no solid evidence that they do much of anything else for health. But people who love essential oils often say that there’s an oil for everything. They claim these oils can be useful in a variety of ways. Since long ago, Atlanta Institute for Aromatherapy ____4____ (collect) examples of people harmed by essential oils, in an effort to convince oil fans that these things are not always harmless and ____5____ be treated seriously. In their injury report, people said they got skin burns ____6____ they used the oils in harmless-sounding ways. One woman got blisters (泡) on her back after putting a few drops of sweet orange oil in her bath water. Another applied an oil mixture behind the ears, ____7____ seemed to cause burning. Some oils, especially ____8____ from citrus (柑橘属的) plants, can cause burns and blisters by sensitizing skin to the sun. Others hurt skin directly. And ____9____ (mix) oils with water, which is suggested by many, seldom helps to reduce the harm. Saddest of all are the stories of people who adopted oils as a treatment for skin problems, only to find the condition worsened. Therefore, some oils may be safe for skin, when appropriately ____10____ (apply). To protect you from any unexpected harm, a tryout is always recommended. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unnoticed B. decompose C. estimated D. fulfil E. replacement F. readily G. launch H. ultimate I. minimize J. hazard K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) ____11____ to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and ____12____ ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal ____13____ in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes ____14____,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The ____15____ available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise ____16____ in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) ____17____ for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to ____18____ eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s ____19____ dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) _____20_____ 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel ____21____ when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) ____22____ of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I ____23____ regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under ____24____. In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided ____25____. However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without ____26____. Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional ____27____. It disturbs mealtimes and sets off ____28____ conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being ____29____ with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any ____30____ to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself ____31____ into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic ____32____ of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, ____33____, is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic ____34____ in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and ____35____ of the world matter, after all. 21 A. regretful B. ashamed C. unique D. refreshed 22. A. co-hosting B. co-existence C. delivery D. co-authoring 23. A. traded for B. enclosed with C. equipped with D. restricted to 24. A. wraps B. guidance C. way D. construction 25. A. evolution B. controversy C. mask D. conquer 26. A. hesitation B. expense C. rhythm D. notice 27. A. negotiation B. routine C. complication D. highlight 28. A. identical B. inharmonious C. illegal D. innovative 29. A. judged B. guided C. reversed D. cheated 30. A. energy B. information C. excuse D. assistance 31. A. imperceptibly B. purposefully C. narrowly D. originally 32 A. output B. obstacle C. combination D. flow 33. A. for example B. however C. in addition D. in general 34 A. profile B. trace C. imitation D. edge 35. A. priority B. civilization C. diversity D. ambition Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them. So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in. “We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.” Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away. 36. What is NOT mentioned as a problem the Allens meet with? A. Physical weakness due to the broken bone. B. Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules. C. Failure to handle certain fixing tasks due to limited mobility. D. Difficulty in traveling to public places alone due to physical condition. 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. People like Allens gather to live in a special place for shared elderly caring. B. The government arranges necessary services for people like Allens. C. Senior people give up “aging in place” life mainly out of pressure from children. D. “Aging in place” people pay to have necessary service staff on call. 38. The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. alternative B. fake C. rushed D. joint 39. Which of the following is probably the title of the passage? A. US grey band fights to stay at home B. Attention, US seniors are suffering C. At home vs Nursing home-a hard choice for US seniors D. US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents （B） The world continues to inspire travel writers. Standout books for the year ahead are to please all types of our readers. A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness World explorer Alastair Humphries spent a year examining every square metre of a 12-mile radius (半径) around his home in London and found wonder close to hand. A former Adventurer of the Year, Humphries has cycled around the globe and rowed across the Atlantic Ocean. His latest book, though, is a celebration of slowing things down and discovering a small wild world right on your doorstep. It’s also a cry to revitalize London’s neglected natural places in urban areas and our right to wander in them. £12.99, Eye Books. My Adventures in Travel and Publishing Travel publisher, Hilary Bradt’s guidebook company celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. The first Bradt Travel Guide was born in1974: Backpacking Along Ancient Ways Peru & Bolivia which included some of the very first descriptions of the Inca Trail. Since then, Bradt has published many guidebooks about the farthest parts of the planet — Mongolia and Madagascar among them. Pioneering backpacking travels before the concept was widespread, he presents this book looking back at a lifetime of trials and stimulation in the wild. £20.00, Bradt. True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection Environmental writer Laurie King has gathered a collection of original non-fiction stories, illustrations, and poems examining the human connection with nature. He takes a walk across the desert and discovers how hermits (隐士) survived in a South American forest. These exciting stories aim to inspire you to find your wild animal soul and rethink your relationship with nature. £14.99, Watkins Publishing. Writers Walk the World From the streets of London to the paths of Japan, the jungles of Ghana and beyond, Duncan Minshull collects the works of more than fifty walker-writers who have traveled the world’s seven continents on foot. From the 1500s to the present day comes a memorable band of explorers and adventurers, scientists and craftsmen, pleasure-seekers and literary drifters sharing their experiences and asking themselves a question — why travel this way in the first place? £15.99, Notting Hill Editions. 40. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Humphries’s book describes sceneries he saw when cycling around the globe. B. Hilary Bradt is among the forerunners of backpacking tours C. Laurie King’s book describes his contact with wild animals. D. Duncan Minshull’s book compares modern cities with rural areas. 41. The book which collects experiences from people of different identities is ________. A. A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness B. My Adventures in Travel and Publishing C. True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection D. Writers Walk the World 42. The book ________ is focused on natural attractions in a city. A. A Search for Nearby Nature and Wilderness B. My Adventures in Travel and Publishing C. True Stories of Nature, Adventure & Connection D. Writers Walk the World （C） About 150 years after his death, questions appeared about the authorship of William Shakespeare’s plays. Scholars and literary critics began to float names like Christopher Marlowe, Edward de Vere and Francis Bacon - men of more known backgrounds, literary recognition, or inspiration - as the true authors of the plays. Much of this came from the incomplete record of Shakespeare’s life and the lack of eye-witness sources. Official files from the Holy Trinity Church and the Stratford government record the existence of a William Shakespeare, but none bears the statements like him being an actor or playwright (剧作家). Skeptics (怀疑者) also questioned how anyone of such humble education could write with the intellectual perceptiveness and poetic power that are displayed in Shakespeare’s works. One specific cry came from Henry Chettle and Robert Greene, who, many thought were both jealous of Shakespeare’s fame. The problem these two authors had with Shakespeare had something to do with the fact that he was a new comer from the back of beyond. The two questioned Shakespeare’s unclear whereabouts after he moved to London. However, the vast majority of Shakespearean scholars argue that William Shakespeare wrote all his own plays. They point out that other playwrights of the time also had unclear histories and came from low backgrounds. They believe that Stratford’s New Grammar School course of Latin and the classics could have provided a good foundation for literary writers. Supporters of Shakespeare’s authorship argue that the lack of evidence about Shakespeare’s life doesn’t mean his life didn’t exist. They point to evidence that displays his name on the title pages of published poems and plays. Examples exist of authors and critics of the time acknowledging William Shakespeare as author of plays. According to many, Shakespeare’s footprints in London are also well documented. He was believed to partly own the Globe Theatre where his plays were produced. The theatre was also involved in some high profile events: it was moved across the Thames in 1598 and burned down on the 29th of June 1613. The events both pointed to Shakespeare’s whereabouts. Today, his plays are highly popular and reinterpreted in performances with diverse cultural backgrounds. The appeal of Shakespeare’s characters and plots is that they present real human beings in a wide range of emotions and conflicts that go beyond their origins in Elizabethan England. 43. Which of the reasons is NOT mentioned to support skepticism about Shakespeare’s authorship? A. Official records didn’t mention Shakespeare’s identity as a playwright. B. Shakespeare’s education background couldn’t support his literary achievements. C Shakespeare’s plays were inspired by big-name literary giants. D. There was a lack of specific details of Shakespeare’s life. 44. Which of the following facts disproves Henry Chettle and Robert Greene’s skepticism? A. Shakespeare’s literary power was recognized at his time. B. His activities in London could be proved by happenings of his theatre. C. Shakespeare’s childhood education experience helped him gain literary ability. D. The title papers of government documents bore his name. 45. The charm of Shakespeare’s plays today lies in that ________. A. his plots are full of conflicts B. his plays are translated into many languages C. he succeeded from a modest background D. he pictures people of real feelings which can exist today 46. The passage is mainly about ________. A. ways to determine the real author of classic literary works B. the fights between Shakespeare’s supporters and his opponents C doubts and proofs about the authorship of Shakespeare’s plays D. the criticism on Shakespeare’s plays and their values Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The coming of a new year marks a fresh start and motivates many people to break bad habits. Some are easier to shake than others. However, the tendency to procrastinate is among the stickiest. Whether it’s finishing a piece of work, sending an email or going for a run, some tasks can become unconquerable. The easiest way to deal with these tasks is to put them off until later or never at all. It’s procrastination. It is a specific form of delay that is both unnecessary and voluntary. ____47____ At its heart, procrastination is about avoidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s often the emotions attached to an activity that cause people to pause. Handling the first lines of a college essay may bring up feelings of self-doubt, for example. When you’re faced with a broad question or topic to write about, the lack of clear instructions can produce a fear of not getting it right or of what might happen if you get it wrong. The person procrastinating usually does so despite knowing that the task is important or valuable to them or others, and that putting it off could be risky to them or others. Big projects may bring overpowering feelings which are likely to lead to procrastination. ____48____ Answering an ordinary email from work, for example, may bring instant discomfort, so the urge to escape such negative emotion defeats one’s duty to complete the daily task. Like any personality character, there are some biological connections. Research suggests that procrastination is linked to impatience on a genetic level. It may be a passed-down property. ____49____ Environmental factors are just as important in shaping our response to tasks. Someone who doesn’t usually procrastinate can do so if they find themselves in a situation that exhausts their responding abilities, such as the death of a family member. ____50____ Of course, procrastination can pile on more pressures by leaving a task hanging over a person’s head, thus producing a negative cycle that can damage mental health, lower academic performance and lead to financial trouble. A. But that doesn’t mean you’re stuck and that’s who you are. B. Procrastination becomes an easy and ‘dirty’ way of reaction when your handling resources are maxed out. C. Chances are that you will find yourself supported by procrastination all along. D. It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. E. You will become increasingly frustrated with yourself for not getting the task done. F. However, the threat can also come from something tiny. Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷（共40分） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 记得修水管，否则厨房很快就会水漫金山。（or）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 我们不妨送她一个带遥控功能的空气净化器作为乔迁礼物。（might as well）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 如果准新娘们认为婚纱是重中之重，那只能削减其它项的开支以防婚礼预算超支。（cut）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 与其他国家消费者相比，很多中国人并不习惯信用卡支付，移动支付能在中国迅速崛起，一定程度上也得益于此。（benefit）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是高三学生李华，你所属的学校本学期实行午餐自助餐制（buffet lunch），目前发现了食物浪费和饮食不均衡等问题，有人建议取消自助餐制。给校长写电子邮件，谈谈你的看法。邮件中必须包括： 1. 你是否赞成取消自助餐制； 2. 你的理由； 3. 如赞成，你建议的新就餐形式/如反对，你建议的改进措施。 （邮件中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $