Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册作业与测评Word（人教版2019）

英语 选择性必修·第三册 [人教版] Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 课时作业(一) 较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ 小精读 难度 ★ ★ ★★ ★ ★ ★★ Ⅰ根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．In order to reduce global warming, ________ (排放) of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced. 答案：emission 2．________ (燃料) such as coal, gas and petrol will not be used with new energy forms being developed. 答案：Fuels 3．We'll have to take steps to protect the lake's scenery and e________. 答案：ecology 4．The bad news is that the ice has begun to m________ as a result of global warming. 答案：melt 5．He punched the pillow in an effort to r________ his anger. 答案：release Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．I have some doubt ________ my cousin will accept his invitation. 答案：whether 2．To keep our earth ________ (habitat), everyone should do his or her bit. 答案：habitable 3．Before the thief could run away，the brave girl seized him ________ the collar. 答案：by 4．We restrict the number of students per class ________ 10. 答案：to 5．This is why the focus now is on ________ (sustain) development. 答案：sustainable Ⅲ　单句表达 1．毫无疑问，青少年时期参加志愿者服务是拓展教育的有效方式。 ____________________ volunteering as a teenager is an effective way to broaden education. 答案：There is little/no doubt that 2．植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，从泥土中吸收水分。 Plants ______________ from the air and moisture from the soil. 答案：absorb carbon dioxide 3．据信，到目前为止有多达12名幸存者在火灾中获救。 (动词不定式的完成式) Up to 12 survivors are believed ________________________ from the fire so far. 答案：to have been rescued 4．个人生活中的微小变化会对整个社会产生影响。 Small changes in an individual's life can ________________ the whole community. 答案：have an impact on/upon 5．他在讲话中提到了最近的加拿大之行。 In his speech, ____________________ to Canada. 答案：he referred to the recent trip Ⅳ　阅读 (2024·广东省汕尾市高二下月考)About 400 pounds of food is wasted per day from 5－8 pm in Douglass Dining Hall in Rochester alone. College student Allison Roll and a few others who do the scraping report data on how much waste is generated in Douglass Dining Hall during the dinner hours. “We hand scrape the food from the conveyor belt into the buckets (桶), and I'm not going to lie, I did not expect to basically become a garbage girl，” Roll said. “We do the work because we care about it a lot. I feel that no one can break away from taking responsibility for caring for the environment.” With the goal of creating more approachable composting (堆肥) systems on campus, Roll now has a new sustainable project. Through a special fund, Roll was able to invest in Lomi, an automated composting system that will reside on campus. Lomi is a new technology that can break down food waste into natural compost. Lomi is basically an automatic version of the natural decomposition (分解) process. It takes it and automates it. Unlike most composting systems, Lomi can compost animal products, such as small bones. It can turn waste into compost in as little as four hours. She hopes that this system will inspire other composting systems in all residential halls. “I want Lomi not only to be a way to reduce food waste on the floor, but to be an educational tool to introduce people to composting in a real way and not just talking about it in a theoretical sense，” Roll said. She acknowledges that the machine is expensive and can be exposed to damage if not used properly. Roll will teach others how to operate it themselves so they can generate motivation for composting and feel like they're part of the process. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为了解决食物残渣问题，大学生Roll (罗尔)专注于推广校园堆肥系统Lomi。 1．Why does Roll scrape food in Douglass Dining Hall? A．She does the job to cover her tuition fees. B．She collects food for a school­funded project. C．She has long dreamed of becoming a garbage girl. D．She feels obligated to make efforts to reduce food waste. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We do the work ... the environment.”可知，Roll做这项工作是出于保护环境的责任。由此可推知，她在道格拉斯餐厅处理食物垃圾是因为她觉得自己有义务努力减少食物浪费。故选D。 2．What can be learned about Lomi? A．It is inexpensive. B．It is easy to handle. C．It breaks down food waste fast. D．It fails to compost animal bones. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It can turn waste into compost in as little as four hours.(Lomi可以在短短四个小时内将食物垃圾转化为堆肥。)”可知，Lomi能快速分解食物垃圾。故选C。 3．What does Roll plan to do? A．Teach students how to make a compost bin. B．Motivate more students to do the scraping. C．Encourage more people to compost food waste. D．Ship Lomi to more communities. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Roll will teach others ... they're part of the process.(Roll将教其他人如何自行操作，这样他们就可以产生堆肥的动力，并感觉自己是这一过程的一部分。)”可推知，Roll计划鼓励更多的人将食物垃圾堆肥。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A study of food waste behavior of students B．Food waste in campus dining halls C．A composting system on campus D．Ways to compost food waste 答案：C 解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中的“Through a special fund ... reside on campus.”可知，本文主要介绍了Lomi这个校园堆肥系统，因此C项(一个校园堆肥系统)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Ⅴ　语法填空 (2024·福建省宁德第一中学高二下月考)Honking cars, blasting stereos and babbling neighbors are __1__ (whole) affecting people's daily life: consider it all part of the symphony that plays daily on New York City streets. Everyone knows the city is loud, and a losing war against noise __2__ (wage) for a long time. Now they have a new weapon __3__ (invite) to many citizens: noise cameras. The cameras __4__ (pair) with a sound meter to detect noise of at least 85 decibels (分贝) from a source 50 ft or more away have recently been fixed on certain streets in Manhattan's wealthy Upper West Side. It's part of a program run by the city's department of environmental protection. However, Erica Walker, who studies the joint__5__ community noise and health, believes most noise comes from poor city planning rather than individual bad actions, and that noise cameras are merely Band­Aids for a more systemic issue. Actually, __6__ (far) research still needs to be done on the economic effects of noise cameras. The public is supposed to zero in on the dangers and economic costs of noise pollution __7__ can blight some proceeds and urge that appropriate actions __8__ (carry) out. On the other hand, __9__ lecturer at Columbia University expressed concern about the surveillance (监视) capabilities of noise cameras. “It is being tried for the possibility __10__ (leak) privacy still. Does this present a privacy risk for residents of the city？” she held the question. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　 6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了纽约正在使用噪音摄像头来对抗街道上的过度噪音水平。不过，这些摄像头是否能有效降低噪音污染和是否具有风险是个问题。 1．答案：wholly 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词affecting应用副词wholly，作状语。故填wholly。 2．答案：has been waged 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for a long time可知，应用现在完成时，主语a losing war和wage “发动，进行”为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been waged。 3．答案：inviting 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词weapon，应用形容词inviting作后置定语，意为“吸引人的”。故填inviting。 4．答案：paired 解析：考查非谓语动词。The cameras与动词pair之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填paired。 5．答案：between 解析：考查介词。between ... and ... 为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。故填between。 6．答案：further 解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：实际上，噪音摄像头的经济效果还需要进一步研究。此处强调更深入的研究，表示程度，应用far的比较级further。故填further。 7．答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词noise pollution，指物，在从句中作主语。故填which/that。 8．答案：(should) be carried 解析：考查虚拟语气和动词的语态。urge意为“催促”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do, actions和carry为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(should) be carried。 9．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。lecturer为可数名词，此处泛指一位讲师，应用不定冠词，且lecturer的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．答案：to leak 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处修饰名词possibility，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to leak。 (2024·湖北省武汉市问津教育联合体高二下联考) A Gift Beyond Measure At an early age, I was crazy about music, dreaming of possessing a piano on which I could practice and play in the way a famous pianist did on the stage. Later when I was getting older, on my way to school, there was an instrument shop that I passed by almost every day. When I saw through the window, in the corner of the shop stood a nice piano which would always attract my eyes so deeply that I even forgot everything around me. To my sadness, my family was truly struggling. In that period, my mother was laid off from her position and my father was only a clerk in a company. It was just a matter of getting by on a low income, not to mention buying me an expensive piano though they knew I was eager to play that piano so much. The increasing wrinkles in my father's face even stopped me from having this thought. Then one day after school, I went as usual to the shop window to look at the piano. However, the piano had gone! It was a big surprise. Someone had purchased the piano that I would stare at almost every day! I should not have been surprised as others had the right to buy it, if they could afford to. However, at the thought of not being able to see that piano any more, tears filled my eyes. Disappointed and helpless, I wandered aimlessly up and down the street. I felt as though something had been stolen in my heart. After what seemed a year, I returned home, dragging my heavy legs. Hardly had I just gone into the house when my mother called my name. Brushing away my tears, I followed the sound of her voice into the dining room. I couldn't imagine what was happening in front of me. Standing there in the room was the very piano I had been longing for day and night. With excitement and surprise in my heart, I couldn't stop tears streaming down my face. My mother came over to me, saying they knew the piano was what I had dreamed about and my father had tried everything possible to make my dream come true. I was about to say something when there was a sound of footsteps. Then the door opened and my father appeared, with a big smile on his wrinkled face. I gave him a big hug. “It's so nice of you, Dad！” I said. I could not imagine how much effort he had made and how hard he was working every day. Maybe only the wrinkles on his face could tell me everything. My father kissed me on the forehead, whispering that he had earned enough to buy the piano at last. Only then did I realize that no gift could measure up to a father's love. When I saw through the window, in the corner of the shop stood a nice piano which would always attract my eyes so deeply that I even forgot everything around me. 本句主干是a nice piano stood, in the corner of the shop为地点状语，地点状语置于句首，句子应完全倒装。When引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句， 修饰a nice piano; so ... that ... 意为“如此……以至于……，”引导结果状语从句。 第一步： “我”被摆在橱窗的钢琴吸引，但是家里却负担不起。 第二步： “我”像平时一样，去橱窗看钢琴，但却发现钢琴被卖掉了，“我”很伤心。 第三步： 令人惊喜的是，钢琴就在“我”的家里，原来是爸爸努力工作，为“我”买下了钢琴。 正是因为父母的负重前行，孩子才能实现自己的梦想。 课时作业(二) 较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比20%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ A B 难度 ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★★★ ★★ Ⅰ根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．It was an unpopular ________ (政策) and caused a number of conflicts within the party. 答案：policy 2．She is to host a new half­hour show which will be ________ (广播) every weekday evening. 答案：broadcast 3．The boy will try his best to s________ the golden chance to go abroad. 答案：seize 4．There is w________ concern about the destruction of the rainforests. 答案：worldwide 5．His f________ were clearly evident in the heavy dust. 答案：footprints Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．They were ________ (comprehensive) beaten in the final. 答案：comprehensively 2．Children all starve ________ love and friendship. 答案：for 3．Truck drivers at large don't like the new speed ________ (restrict) on the highway. 答案：restriction 4．I know him, but we don't ________ (frequent) see each other. 答案：frequently 5．Eating too much sugar can lead ________ health problems. 答案：to Ⅲ　单句表达 1．运动不仅有益于身体，而且令人愉悦。 Sports are ________________________ but also enjoyable. 答案：not only beneficial to your body 2．不管我们采取什么样的医疗改革措施，它都不会节省太多的钱。 However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn't going to save major ________________． 答案：amounts of money 3．工厂关闭后，她和其他数百人一起失去了工作。 She lost her job when the factory closed, ________________________． 答案：along with hundreds of others 4．他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞到了一块大石头上。(现在分词短语作结果状语) He fell off the bike, ____________________________________． 答案：hitting his head against a big stone 5．如果没有他父母的帮助，他不会这么顺利就取得成功的。(虚拟语气) Without the help of his parents, he ____________________ so smoothly. 答案：would not have succeeded Ⅳ　阅读 A (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10：00 am－1：00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10：00 am－2：30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9：30 am－2：30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个生物栖息地修复工作队的工作内容和招募志愿者的相关信息和要求。 1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A．To discover mineral resources. B．To develop new wildlife parks. C．To protect the local ecosystem. D．To conduct biological research. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas”和“Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species”可知，生物栖息地修复工作队恢复和保护自然区域，在恢复敏感资源和保护濒危物种方面起到极其重要的作用。由此可知，该工作队的目标是保护当地的生态系统。故选C。 2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5. B．10. C．15. D．18. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知，加入生物栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄是10岁。故选B。 3．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“We'll be working rain or shine.”可知，无论天气好坏，志愿者都会工作。由此可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣天气下工作。故选B。 B (2024·江西省宜春市高二下期中)An Italian firm has invented what seems to be the perfect tool for stopping plastic waste from reaching the ocean through a river. They had to check__a__lot__of__boxes. The device had to allow boats to pass without effort, while being able to run 24/7 with no impact on the river ecosystem. The result is River Cleaning, a 100% low­cost and low­impact solution. Anchored (固定) to the bed at the bottom of the river, River Cleaning is made up of a series of floating devices, positioned diagonally (对角线地) on the course of the river; thus positioned, they can collect incoming plastic waste and transport it to the river bank for storage. Passing boats need only go straight through them at a low speed, after which their anchor lines will pull them back into place. The River Cleaning system collects energy directly from the river current. It does not produce any type of waste. It is designed to have zero impact on the ecosystem. It only does good! They can be adjusted to collect different kinds of waste, such as tiny particles (微粒), larger items like plastic bottles, and even oil, and some studies have shown River Cleaning can collect 85% of all waste passing by them. Most people know of the scope of plastic pollution in the ocean, but it's not as common to know that much of this waste comes from rivers—80%, at least. Most of that 80% comes from just 100 of the world's largest waterways. Running through big cities like Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok, the rivers funnel (使流经狭窄空间) waste into global ocean currents that lead plastic to clump together (聚集) in areas of the high seas. River Cleaning became the first product of its kind to demonstrate that the system preserves the river environment while respecting the well­being of native species. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种名为River Cleaning的新发明，其旨在解决河流中的塑料污染问题，同时阐述了这一发明的原理及重要性。 4．What does the underlined part “check a lot of boxes” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ask for suggestions. B．Promote the products. C．Come up with new ideas. D．Meet many requirements. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The device had to ... river ecosystem.(该设备必须允许船只毫不费力地通过，同时能够全天候运行而不会对河流生态系统产生影响。)”可知，设备必须满足许多条件，因此画线部分意为“满足许多条件”。故选D。 5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How River Cleaning works. B．How River Cleaning was created. C．Where River Cleaning is positioned. D．What influence River Cleaning has on boats. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段“Anchored (固定) to the bed ... pull them back into place.(河道清洁装置固定在河底的河床上，由一系列漂浮装置组成，在河道上对角线放置；这样一来，它们就可以收集流入的塑料垃圾并将其运送到河岸进行储存。过往船只只需以低速直接穿过它们，然后锚绳就会将它们拉回原位。)”可知，第三段介绍了河道清洁装置的工作原理。故选A。 6．What can we know about River Cleaning? A．It is powered by the natural flow of the river. B．It may produce a small amount of waste. C．It is unable to pick up tiny particles. D．It may block the water passage. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The River Cleaning system collects energy directly from the river current.”可知，河道清洁装置由河流的自然流动提供动力。故选A。 7．What do the statistics in Paragraph 6 show? A．Plastic pollution has a direct effect on port cities. B．Inland waterways present huge challenges for cities. C．The majority of plastic gets to the ocean through rivers. D．Most people are unaware of plastic pollution in the ocean. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Most people ... largest waterways.(大多数人都知道海洋中塑料污染的范围，但很少有人知道这些废物中的大部分来自河流——至少 80%。这80%中的大部分来自世界上最大的100条水道。)”可推知，统计数据表明大多数塑料废物是通过河流进入海洋的。故选C。 Ⅴ　完形填空 (2024·江苏省百校联考高二下阶段检测)I've never been much of a jogger, but might I make a decent plogger? “Plogging” is a(n) __1__ of “plocka upp” with “jogga”， the Swedish for “pick up” and “jog”. The idea is that you __2__ litter while out running and the __3__ has been growing in popularity in Sweden. “It's good for both the __4__ and ourselves，” says Anna Christopherson, the 43­year­old Swede who runs Edinburgh's first plogging group. “It's very __5__ for the body to combine running with squatting (蹲下) to lift rubbish.” Seven of us __6__ in the city for the run. We rush up Leith Walk, our rubbish bags __7__in the evening wind. “Quite competitive, isn't it？” says Struan, an accountant. He __8__ to a bin, muscles bulging (鼓起), to pick up a leaflet. Within 10 minutes, our bags are filling up. It's amazing—and __9__—to see how much __10__ is lying on the streets. A passing walking tour gives us some __11__ looks, but we ploggers, lost in a world of plogging, carry on __12__． After an hour, I'm tired and __13__， but feeling good. The city is a little __14__ thanks to these ploggers. Anna is not satisfied, though. Our __15__ have made no difference to her pet hate: chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to the paths. “You need a steamer to get that off，” she says. “And I'm not going to run with a steamer any time soon.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参与在瑞典越来越受欢迎的“跑步时捡垃圾”活动的经历，这项活动对于环境和个人来说都是有好处的。 1．A.source B．combination C．adaptation D．case 答案：B 解析：source 来源；combination 组合；adaptation 适应；case 情况。根据下文“of ‘plocka upp’ with ‘jogga’”可知，plogging这个词是“plocka upp”和“jogga”的组合。故选B。 2．A.pick up B．hand over C．throw away D．put up 答案：A 解析：pick up 捡起；hand over 移交；throw away 扔掉；put up 搭建，张贴。根据下文“It's very __5__ for the body to combine running with squatting (蹲下) to lift rubbish.”可知，此处表示在跑步时捡垃圾。故选A。 3．A.service B．approach C．activity D．plan 答案：C 解析：service 服务；approach 方法；activity 活动；plan 计划。根据上文“you __2__ litter while out running”可知，此处指一边跑步一边捡垃圾这项活动越来越受欢迎。故选C。 4．A.tourism B．environment C．agriculture D．technology 答案：B 解析：tourism 旅游业；environment 环境；agriculture 农业；technology 技术。此处指跑步时捡垃圾对于我们自己和环境都是有好处的。故选B。 5．A.normal B．difficult C．good D．strange 答案：C 解析：normal 正常的；difficult 困难的；good 好的；strange 奇怪的。根据上文“It's good for both the __4__ and ourselves”可知，跑步时蹲下捡垃圾对身体有好处。故选C。 6．A.disappear B．camp C．live D．gather 答案：D 解析：disappear 消失；camp 露营；live 居住；gather 聚集。根据下文“We rush up Leith Walk”可知，一行七人聚集在城里跑步。故选D。 7．A.shining B．flying C．falling D．lying 答案：B 解析：shine 发光；fly 飘扬，飞；fall 下落；lie 平躺。根据下文“in the evening wind”可知，此处指垃圾袋在作者他们跑步时迎风飘扬起来。故选B。 8．A.points B．waves C．rushes D．refers 答案：C 解析：point 指向；wave 挥手；rush 冲，奔；refer 提到。根据下文“to pick up a leaflet”可知，他奔向一个垃圾箱去捡起一张传单。故选C。 9．A.refreshing B．discouraging C．frightening D．interesting 答案：B 解析：refreshing 令人耳目一新的；discouraging 令人沮丧的；frightening 可怕的；interesting 有趣的。根据上文“Within 10 minutes, our bags are filling up.”以及下文“to see how much __10__ is lying on the streets”可知，看到街上有很多垃圾，让人感到惊讶也感到沮丧。故选B。 10．A.mess B．damage C．trouble D．danger 答案：A 解析：mess 垃圾，脏乱的东西；damage 损害；trouble 麻烦；danger 危险。根据上文“Within 10 minutes, our bags are filling up.”可知，街上有很多垃圾。故选A。 11．A.worried B．challenging C．confused D．disapproving 答案：C 解析：worried 担心的；challenging 具有挑战性的；confused 困惑的；disapproving 不赞成的。根据下文“but we ploggers, lost in a world of plogging”可知，作者他们这些跑步捡垃圾的人，沉浸在跑步时捡垃圾的世界里，路过的徒步旅行者不理解他们的做法，因此会投来困惑的目光。故选C。 12．A.otherwise B．painfully C．separately D．regardless 答案：D 解析：otherwise 否则；painfully 痛苦地；separately 分别地；regardless 不加理会，不管。作者他们沉浸在跑步捡垃圾的世界里，因此不理会别人的眼光，继续前进。故选D。 13．A.cold B．sweaty C．depressed D．shocked 答案：B 解析：cold 冷的；sweaty 出汗的；depressed 沮丧的；shocked 震惊的。根据上文“I'm tired”和常识可知，一边跑步一边捡垃圾，会感到累，因此会出汗。故选B。 14．A.busier B．safer C．cleaner D．quieter 答案：C 解析：busier 更忙碌的；safer 更安全的；cleaner 更干净的；quieter 更安静的。根据下文“thanks to these ploggers”可知，跑步时捡垃圾让城市变得更干净了。故选C。 15．A.efforts B．passions C．claims D．dreams 答案：A 解析：effort 努力；passion 激情；claim 声明；dream 梦想。根据下文“have made no ... to the paths”可知，作者他们一行人捡垃圾(即他们的努力)并没有改变Anna (安娜)最讨厌的东西：粘在路上的口香糖。故选A。 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$