Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册创新导学案Word（译林版2019）

英语 选择性必修 第三册(译林) Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Heritage in danger 濒危遗产 Welcome, everybody. 欢迎大家。 It's wonderful to be here. 很高兴来到这里。 Before we begin, I want to ask you: have you ever been awed by natural wonders? 在我们开始之前，我想问问大家：你曾为自然奇观惊叹吗？ Have you ever been fascinated by human civilization? 你曾为人类文明着迷吗？ •If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 如果是这样，你们可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正奋力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗产地。 ①heritage n. 遗产 ②awe vt. 使惊叹，使敬畏　n. 敬畏，惊叹 ③civilization n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界 ④why为连接副词，引导宾语从句，to preserve 为不定式作目的状语。 •I have the belief that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one! 我相信你们当中有些人听说过联合国教科文组织遗产地，甚至可能已经去过一处了！ There are currently around 1，100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. 现今全世界共有大约1，100处遗产地，分布在160多个国家。 Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. 很遗憾，它们正面临各种危险，其中多处急需保护。 Let's look at some specific issues. 我们来看看一些具体问题。 ⑤preserve vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持 ⑥urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的 ⑦that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的内容。 Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces. 遗产地会受到自然力的威胁。 The long­term natural forces, such as wind, water and temperature, can gradually wear down heritage sites. 长期的自然力，比如风、水和温度，会逐渐侵蚀遗产地。 For instance, the Great Pyramid of Giza is now several metres shorter than it was originally. 例如，(埃及)吉萨大金字塔现在比原来矮了几米。 Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces, can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: 自然灾害，即突发而强大的自然力，会导致遗产地遭到破坏： in 2003, a terrible earthquake shook south­eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site. 2003年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区。该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。 ⑧wear__down (使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平 ⑨pyramid n. 金字塔 ⑩ruin vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭　n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 ⑪incredible adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的 Another big danger is human activities. 另一个重大威胁是人类活动。 Wars can cause a great deal of damage to both cultural and natural heritage sites. 战争会对文化与自然遗产地造成严重破坏。 Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of violence. 有时，惊人的古代泥塑与建筑会在突发暴力期间被导弹意外摧毁。 •In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. 在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士甚至会故意炸毁遗产地。 ⑫clay n. 黏土，陶土 ⑬sculpture n. 雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术 ⑭missile n. 导弹 ⑮violence n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 ⑯conflict n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致　vi. 冲突，抵触 ⑰civil adj. 国民的；国家的；民事的 ⑱where引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas。 Meanwhile, World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems. 与此同时，世界遗产这一地位也会带来一系列问题。 One of the problems is the flood of tourists. 其中之一是大量的游客。 •Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. 每年有大量游客到联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游，因此这些遗产地遭受些磨损是很自然的。 The temples of Angkor in Cambodia are typical examples of unique architecture. 柬埔寨吴哥的寺庙是独特建筑的典型例子。 •Every day, thousands of tourists climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long­term consequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure. 每天，数千名游客攀爬狭窄的石阶，磨损着这些古建筑，长期的影响对内部结构可能造成不可修复的破坏。 ⑲status n. 身份，地位；状况，情形 ⑳wear__and__tear (正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗 internal adj. 内部的；国内的 it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 climbing现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰tourists。 Due to human population growth, the demand for production and consumption of goods increases. 由于人口增长，商品生产与消费需求也随之增长。 Widespread development puts our cultural and natural heritage sites in danger. 大范围的发展让文化与自然遗产地处于危险中。 •Many heritage sites are even at risk of being lost forever. 很多遗产地甚至面临永久消失的危险。 Take the Historic Centre of Vienna in Austria as an example. 以奥地利的维也纳历史中心为例。 The city has been recognized as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven. 自16世纪以来，维也纳就是公认的欧洲音乐之都，莫扎特、贝多芬这一类的音乐家曾居住于此。 It is now on the List of World Heritage in Danger due to high­rise construction projects in central Vienna. 如今因为市中心的高层建筑项目，维也纳历史中心被列入了《世界濒危遗产名录》。 being lost是现在分词作介词of的宾语。 Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people. 这些威胁不仅会给遗产地本身造成灾难性后果，也会对人们产生影响。 For instance, the Great Barrier Reef off the north­east coast of Australia is a natural heritage site in danger. 例如，澳大利亚东北海岸的大堡礁是一处濒危自然遗产地。 •Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming, a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected, which harms its fragile natural ecology. 由于全球变暖引起海水温度升高，大量珊瑚死亡，部分珊瑚礁受到严重影响，这危害了其脆弱的自然生态。 As well as being home to a wide diversity of ocean species, the reef can boost tourism and fishing in the local area, providing many job opportunities. 珊瑚礁不但是各种各样海洋物种的家园，还可以推动当地旅游业与渔业的发展，提供许多就业机会。 It also helps protect the coastline against waves and floods. 它还有助于保护海岸线免受海浪与洪水侵袭。 If the reef disappears, many people's lives and possibly even their homes will suffer greatly. 如果珊瑚礁消失，许多人的生活，甚至可能还有他们的家园都会深受其害。 outcome n. 结果，效果 reef n. 礁，礁脉 coral n. 珊瑚　adj. 珊瑚色的 ecology n. 生态，生态学 caused by global warming 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰temperatures; which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。 Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind. 为了全人类的利益，遗产保护是当务之急。 •The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are to treat them with respect. 我们越是承认我们的遗产地具有突出的普遍价值，我们就越可能尊重它们。 These sites are the great wonders of our world and tell the story of human civilization. 这些遗产地是我们世界的伟大奇观，诉说着人类文明的故事。 We all share a joint responsibility to protect and preserve them, not just for ourselves, but for future generations. 我们有共同的责任来保护、保存它们，这不仅为了我辈，也为了后代。 If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action. 如果你们像我一样，一想到我们不可取代的遗产会永久消失便感到心痛，就请行动起来。 If you're interested, please look at our website and participate in any way you can! Thank you. 如果你们感兴趣，请关注我们的网站，以任何力所能及的方式参与进来！谢谢大家。 agenda n. 计划，方案；议程表，议事日程 “the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，越……”。 1 civilization n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 ①As is known, the ancient people's using stones to make tools and drilling woods to make fire bring about today's civilization. 众所周知，古人用石头制造工具，用木头钻孔生火，带来了今天的文明。 ②School education helped to civilize the people. 学校教育使人们文明起来。 ③Helicopters are mainly used for military rather than civil use. 直升机主要用于军事而不是民用。 ④A fair justice system is a fundamental part of a civilized society. 公正的司法制度是文明社会非常重要的一部分。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They hope to ________ (civil) all the natives in the distant area. ②When watching TV becomes a way of life, man has stepped in a developed society of material ________ (civilize). ③No ________ (civilize) country should allow such terrible injustices. 答案：①civilize　②civilization　③civilized (2)完成句子 精神文明长期以来就存在于不同的历史时期。 ______________________________________ different periods of history. 答案：Spiritual civilization has long been existing in 2 If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.(教材P44) 如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。 剖析 if so是if条件状语从句的省略，意为“如果是这样的话”，表示肯定意义。 归纳 拓展 ①Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 距离你上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了吗？如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现，图书馆已经变得更好了。 ②Are you pressed for time? If not, I suggest we have lunch. 你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。 ③Environmental conditions mattered, but they were rarely, if ever, sufficient to account for sociocultural persistence and change. 环境条件很重要，但是，即使有，也不能足以说明社会文化的持久性和变化。 ④The object of these experiments was to find the connection, if any, between the two phenomena. 这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。 (1)单句语法填空 Does the student require financial aid, and if ________， how much? 答案：so (2)完成句子 ①她在家吗？如果没有，我能和她姐姐谈谈吗？ Is she in? ________， could I speak to her sister? ②如果下列句子中有错误，请改正。 Correct the errors in the following sentences, ____________． ③最严厉的惩罚即使曾经实施过，也很少实施。 The most severe punishments are seldom, ____________， applied. 答案：①If not　②if any　③if ever 3 preserve vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种免于灭绝。 ②Africa is home to some large wildlife preserves in the world. 非洲是世界上一些大型野生动物保护区的所在地。 ③The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation. 这些绘画保存得非常好。 ④We will visit some of the best­preserved Roman monuments in the world. 我们将参观世界上保存最完好的一些罗马纪念碑。 词形辨析：preserve/conserve/reserve/deserve preserve 维护，保存，保护 This vase has been preserved intact. 这个花瓶保存得完好无损。 conserve 保护；节省 The factories have closed for the weekend to conserve energy. 这些工厂在那个周末关厂以节省能源。 reserve 预订；保留 I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock. 我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。 deserve 应受；值得 You deserve a rest after all that hard work. 辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Any ________ (preserve) we set up to protect endangered species may become useless as the species are forced to migrate along with their natural homes. ②It is everyone's responsibility to preserve Earth ________ pollution. ③Believe it or not, ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat ________ (preserve) in winter. ④Some of the world's oldest ________ (preserve) art is the cave art of Europe, most of it is in Spain and France. 答案：①preserves　②from　③preservation　④preserved (2)完成句子 这些18世纪的油画保存得这么好，以至于参观者大为惊叹。 These eighteenth century oil paintings ______________________ that the visitors are greatly amazed. 答案：are so well preserved 4 urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 ①There's a lot in what you say, but we have more urgent problems to deal with. 你说得很有道理，但我们有更紧急的问题要处理。 ②These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. 这些挑战是真实的，社会迫切需要解决这些问题。 ③She was surprised at the urgency in his voice. 她对他声音的急切感到吃惊。 ④Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. 父母应该积极敦促他们的孩子利用这个机会加入运动队。 ⑤The report urged that all the school children in our country (should) learn to swim. 这份报告呼吁我国所有的学龄儿童都应学习游泳。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The public is ________ (urgent) requested to assist police in tracing this man. ②It can be easy to forget important tasks that aren't ________ (urge). ③Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of ________ (urge) to do my school work immediately. ④Now I hope there is a kind of force could supervise and urge me ________ (live) a regular life. 答案：①urgently　②urgent　③urgency　④to live (2)完成句子 大家希望立即采取行动来解决这个紧迫的问题。 It is hoped that immediate action will be taken ________________________________． 答案：to tackle this urgent problem 5 wear down (使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 ①Notice how the tread on this tyre has worn down. 注意这个轮胎的花纹磨损的程度。 ②The young people run around kicking a ball, wearing themselves out. 这些年轻人四处跑动踢球，把自己弄得精疲力尽。 ③The smell of the new paint will wear off in about a week. 新油漆味大约一个星期后便消散了。 ④The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of visitors. 参观的人成千上万，把台阶踩得不像样子了。 (1)用wear的相关短语填空 ①For many the philosophy was merely a fashion, and the novelty soon ____________． ②If you're physically tired, it will ____________ your immune system. ③Mother always complains that children ____________ their shoes very quickly. 答案：①wore off　②wear down　③wear out (2)完成句子 我的确认为安逸稳定的工作环境会消磨你的意志。 I do think a comfortable and stable work environment can ______________________． 答案：wear down your will 6 ruin vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①That one mistake ruined the new candidate's chance of getting the job. 正是那个错误断送了那位年轻求职者得到那份工作的机会。 ②Too much smoking and drinking will ruin your health. 太多的烟和酒会毁了你的健康。 ③It was not surprising that the North showed little sympathy when the fighting stopped and the South lay in ruins. 当战争停止，南方陷入一片废墟时，北方没有表现出多少同情也就不足为奇了。 ④A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution in the 18th century. 18世纪的那场革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Carl cares about nothing and has made the farm fall ________ ruin. ②When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ________ (ruin)． ③Her neighbourhood witnessed heavy fighting, and most of the houses were reduced ________ ruins. 答案：①into　②ruins　③to (2)翻译 经年的战事已经使得那个国家满目疮痍。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Years of fighting has left that country in ruins. 7 violence n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 ①On no account can we tolerate violence against children. 我们决不能容忍对儿童的暴力行为。 ②The skyscrapers do violence to the beauty of the old city. 这些摩天大厦破坏了这座古城的美。 ③She is strict with her little son and never exposes him to some violent games. 她对小儿子很严格，从不让他玩暴力游戏。 ④What's worse, violence on TV makes people behave violently. 更糟糕的是，电视上的暴力使人们行为暴力。 (1)单句语法填空 ①A nearby volcano erupted ________ (violent), sending out a hail of molten rock and boiling mud. ②Mandela was sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence ________ anti­black laws. ③This evidence supports the view that there is too much ________ (violent) on television. 答案：①violently　②against　③violence (2)完成句子 我们绝对不可以破坏公共设施。 On no account can we ________________________________. 答案：do violence to public facilities 8 conflict n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致　vi. 冲突，抵触(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。 ②There is a conflict between what they are doing and what you want. 他们在做的和你想要的之间存在冲突。 ③When I come into conflict with others, I try to understand them instead of arguing with them. 当我和别人发生冲突时，我努力去理解他们，而不是和他们争论。 ④The results of the new research would seem to conflict with existing theories. 新的研究结果似乎和已有的理论相矛盾。 (1)单句语法填空 ①If my goals come ________ conflict with your goals, reason tells me that I must either defeat your goals, or give up caring about mine. ②It's normal that there always be a conflict ________ career and family. ③Many of these ideas appear to be ________ conflict with each other. 答案：①into　②between　③in (2)翻译 科学家们说，他们的发现彼此并不矛盾。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The scientists said their findings don't conflict with each other. 9 The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are to treat them with respect.(教材P45) 我们越是承认我们的遗产地具有突出的普遍价值，我们就越有可能尊重它们。 剖析 “the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……， (就)越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 归纳 拓展 ①It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. 的确，我年纪越大，就越觉得时间长了翅膀。 ②The more I use the eraser, the less it gets. 我用的橡皮擦越多，它就变得越来越少。 ③This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become. 这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The harder you work, the ________ (great) progress you will make. ②The more careful you are, the ________ (few) mistakes you will make. ③From the experience, I realize that the more fully we prepare, the ________ (good) we will perform. ④As everybody knows, the ________ (lazy) a person is, the more things he needs to do tomorrow. 答案：①greater　②fewer　③better　④lazier (2)完成句子 你锻炼得越多，你就会变得越有活力。 ____________ you work out, ______________________ you will become. 答案：The more; the more energetic 10 assess vt. 评估，评定；估算(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①His annual income was assessed at ten thousand dollars. 他的年收入被定为一万美元。 ②The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers. 这些年轻人被评定为谨慎驾驶员和不谨慎驾驶员两类。 ③You can also turn the laser on and off at will, which makes it easier to assess whether it has any effect. 你可以随时开关激光，这样就能更容易地评估它是否有效了。 ④He wrote a very generous assessment of my work. 他给我写的工作评价多有赞誉之词。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The main reasons we get angry are triggering events, personality traits, and our ________ (assess) of situations. ②The outcome was assessed ________ both favorable and unfavorable according to the criteria. ③They assess his house ________ 15，000 yuan. 答案：①assessment　②as　③at (2)翻译 委员会评估建筑物是否值得保存。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving. 11 consultation n. 咨询，商讨；就诊(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①There is a large collection of texts available for consultation on screen. 有大量的文本可通过电脑查阅。 ②The final decision is then taken in consultation with the clubs involved. 最后的决定是在与相关俱乐部协商后做出的。 ③You had better find a travel agent to consult about your travel things. 你最好找一个旅行代理人咨询一下出行事宜。 ④He was a consultant physician, a serious man dedicated to his calling. 他是一名顾问医生，一个专注于其使命的严肃认真的人。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Carl earned a lot of money over the summer vacation as a ________ (consult) to that company. ②The doctors held a ________ (consult) to decide whether an operation was necessary. ③Patients should consult with a doctor ________ taking medications with juice. 答案：①consultant　②consultation　③about (2)翻译 他们回到另一房间秘密磋商。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：They returned to another room for private consultation. 12 suspend vt. 暂停；悬，挂(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The union suspended strike action this week. 工会本周暂停了罢工行动。 ②A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. 一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。 ③The minister warned that any civil servant not at his desk faced immediate suspension. 那位部长警告说任何擅自离岗的公务员面临着立即停职。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Julie was suspended ________ her job shortly after the incident. ②There's been a temporary ________ (suspend) of flights out of Shanghai. 答案：①from　②suspension (2)翻译 她因有偷窃行为遭勒令停学处分。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：She was suspended from school for stealing. Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Only a bit of string looped round a ________ (钉子) in the doorpost held it shut. 答案：nail 2．Each ________ (专家) has a team of doctors under him or her. 答案：specialist 3．All the writers on the ________(专家咨询组) agreed that his book should be singled out for special praise. 答案：panel 4．Martin Luther King was the leader of the ________ (国民的) rights movement. 答案：civil 5．We saw a tall ________ (佛塔) before entering the temple. 答案：pagoda 6．Oil pollution could damage the fragile e________ of the coral reefs. 答案：ecology 7．For the government, education is now at the top of the a________． 答案：agenda 8．Chinese c________ art is well－known and popular all over the country. 答案：clay 9．They looked at him with a mixture of horror, envy, and a________． 答案：awe 10．A significant exhibition of contemporary s________ will be on view at the Portland Gallery. 答案：sculpture Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It's good to be back in ________ (civil) after two weeks in a tent! 答案：civilization 2．On no consideration can we ignore the ________ (urgent) of protecting the environment. 答案：urgency 3．I felt ________ (incredible) ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 答案：incredibly 4．I began to sicken of the endless ________ (violent) shown on television. 答案：violence 5．There is little ________ (assess) of the damage to the natural environment. 答案：assessment 6．Five firemen narrowly escaped death when a staircase ________ (collapse) beneath their feet. 答案：collapsed 7．The decision was taken after close ________ (consult) with local residents. 答案：consultation 8．These events have led to the ________ (suspend) of talks. 答案：suspension 9．A group of explorers uncovered a huge animal, frozen stiff and solid, but with every part ________ (preserve)． 答案：preserved 10．The ________ (special) walked onto the platform, seated himself in a chair, and prepared for answering questions. 答案：specialist Ⅲ.完成句子 1．下星期我可能外出。要是那样，我就见不到你了。 I might be away next week. ____________， I won't be able to see you. 答案：If so 2．那个年轻人不屈不挠，最终把我拖垮了。 The young man's persistence paid off and he eventually ____________． 答案：wore me down 3．当你对一个词的意义没有把握时，就查一下词典。 When in doubt about the meaning of a word, ________________. 答案：consult the dictionary 4．人们公认这个房子的确值得购买，因为它所有的大窗户都使光线透进室内。 __________________ the house really deserves buying, because all its wide windows admit light into the room. 答案：It is admitted that 5．你离自然越近，你就会越欣赏它的美。 ____________ you stay to nature, ____________ you will appreciate her beauty. 答案：The closer; the more 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 One girl is being praised for a letter of apology she wrote to the rangers (园林管理员) at the National Parks Service (NPS). She reportedly __1__ a rock home. In expressing her __2__， the girl also returned the rock to the park. Later the NPS shared the letter on their Facebook page. “Dear Park Ranger, I __3__ like Tom Branch Falls，” the girl, named Karina, began her letter. “I love it so much that I __4__ to take a souvenir home.” “So I took a rock. I'm __5__， and I want to return it，” she said. The heartfelt letter __6__ with a postscript (附言) of “also look at the back”—where the girl __7__ a picture of Tom Branch Falls. __8__ for Karina, the park rangers were __9__ by her sincere apology and even __10__ back. “Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock! It has made its way back to Tom Branch Falls. If every __11__ took a rock home, that would __12__ 11 million rocks would be gone from the park every year，” the park officials wrote in their Facebook post. “Now that you know to leave __13__ the way you find it, we hope you will help share this __14__ with others，” the officials wrote. “It is always a __15__ thing to give others the chance to discover something meaningful！” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩Karina(卡丽娜)因为喜欢Tom Branch Falls(汤姆布朗瀑布)，从公园带了一块岩石回家，后来感到后悔，归还了岩石，并写信向园林管理员道歉，园林管理员被她感动并给她回信，希望她向更多人传递保护自然景观的信息。 1．A.sent B．took C．bought D．hid 答案：B　根据第三段第一句“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩是带了一块岩石回家。故选B。 2．A.regret B．sadness C．happiness D．surprise 答案：A　根据下文“the girl also returned the rock to the park”可知，女孩把岩石送回了公园，由此可知，她后悔把岩石带回家了，写信表达了自己的后悔。故选A。 3．A.partly B．finally C．especially D．simply 答案：C　根据下文“I love it so much that I __4__ to take a souvenir home.”和“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩特别喜欢Tom Branch Falls，才带了一块岩石回家。故选C。 4．A.wanted B．feared C．asked D．agreed 答案：A　此处表示女孩特别喜欢Tom Branch Falls，所以想要带个纪念品回家。故选A。 5．A.tired B．afraid C．sorry D．upset 答案：C　根据下文“I want to return it”可知，女孩想把岩石还回来，由此可知，她是对自己的行为感到后悔，在信中向园林管理员道歉。故选C。 6．A.changed B．developed C．arrived D．ended 答案：D　根据下文“a postscript (附言)”可知，附言应该是放在信末的，故应是以“也看看后面”的附言结尾，end with ... 意为“以……结束”。故选D。 7．A.cut B．drew C．hung D．found 答案：B　根据设空后“a picture of Tom Branch Falls”可知，女孩应该是在信的后面画了一张Tom Branch Falls的图片。故选B。 8．A.Lucky B．Necessary C．Easy D．Possible 答案：A　结合下文“Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock！”可知，园林管理员原谅了Karina并给她回信了，由此可知，Karina是幸运的。故选A。 9．A.shocked B．excited C．puzzled D．moved 答案：D　此处表示园林管理员被她真诚的道歉感动了。故选D。 10．A.thought B．wrote C．called D．held 答案：B　此处表示园林管理员给Karina回信了，write back意为“回信”。故选B。 11．A.child B．visitor C．farmer D．student 答案：B　根据下文“11 million rocks would be gone from the park every year”可知，此处指如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家。故选B。 12．A.show B．prove C．mean D．explain 答案：C　此处表示公园每年的游客数量很多，如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家，意味着每年会有1，100万块岩石从公园里消失。故选C。 13．A.life B．time C．space D．nature 答案：D　根据上文内容可知，女孩拿走的岩石属于汤姆布朗瀑布，由此可知，女孩把岩石还了回来，证明她知道要让大自然保持原样。故选D。 14．A.message B．promise C．excuse D．example 答案：A　此处表示工作人员希望女孩能够和别人分享“让大自然保持原样”这个信息。故选A。 15．A.hard B．secret C．strange D．great 答案：D　根据下文“give others the chance to discover something meaningful”可知，让别人有机会发现有意义的事情应该是一件好事，呼应了上文园林工作人员让女孩与别人分享保护自然景观这件事。故选D。 Ⅱ　阅读 On a September afternoon in 1940, four teenage boys made their way through the woods on a hill overlooking Montignac in southwestern France. They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor (庄园) of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20，000 years old. The collection of paintings in Lascaux is among some 150 prehistoric sites dating from the Paleolithic period (旧石器时代) that have been documented in France's Vezere Valley. This corner of southwestern Europe seems to have been a hot spot for figurative__art. The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide (崩落的岩石) 22，000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France. Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos (犀牛) and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400，000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas (画布). The site, now known as Chauvet­Pont­d'Arc Cave, is sometimes considered the Sistine Chapel of prehistory. For decades scholars had theorized that art had advanced in slow stages from ancient scratchings to lively, naturalistic interpretation. Surely the delicate shading and elegant lines of Chauvet's masterworks placed them at the top of that progression. Then carbon dates came in, and prehistorians felt shocked. At some 36，000 years old—nearly twice as old as those in Lascaux—Chauvet's images represented not the peak of prehistoric art but its earliest known beginnings. The search for the world's oldest cave paintings continues. On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, for example, scientists found a large room of paintings of part­human, part­animal beings that are estimated to be 44，000 years old, older than any figurative art seen in Europe. Scholars don't know if art was invented many times over or if it was a skill developed early in our evolution. What we do know is that artistic expression runs deep in our ancestry. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了法国拉斯科洞窟和肖维岩洞壁画的发现和研究。 1．According to the passage, where did the boys find the paintings? A．In the woods on a hill. B．In a deep cave in France. C．In a manor of Lascaux. D．On an Indonesian island. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，四个男孩是来探索法国一个又黑又深的洞的，他们一个接一个地从洞穴入口处挤进去，很快就看到了栩栩如生的绘画，有奔跑的马、游泳的鹿、受伤的野牛，以及其他生物。由此可知，男孩们在法国一个很深的洞穴里发现了这些画。故选B。 2．According to the passage, “figurative art” in Paragraph 2 is a form of art that ________． A．conveys concepts by using accurate numbers and forms B．makes stories in contrast to scientific subjects C．represents persons or things in a realistic way D．expresses ideas or feelings by using shapes and patterns 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段第四、五句“Here, by unsteadily ... as their canvas (画布)．(在这里，史前艺术家们借着摇曳的火光勾勒出洞穴狮子、成群的犀牛、壮丽的野牛、马和洞穴熊的轮廓。总共，艺术家们用近40万平方英尺的洞穴表面作为画布，在可能超过数千年的时间里画了442只动物。)”可推知，figurative art是一种通过使用形状和图案来表达思想或感情的艺术形式。故选D。 3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________． A．the Chauvet's paintings had been sealed by a rockslide until 1994 B．the style of Chauvet's paintings is similar to that of the Sistine Chapel C．Chauvet's images are the earliest figurative paintings that have been found D．the main objects of Chauvet's images are part­human, part­animal beings 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The biggest discovery ... in southern France. (自拉斯科洞窟以来最大的发现发生在1994年12月，当时三名洞穴探险家发现了一些艺术品，这些艺术品自2.2万年前法国南部一个巨大的深洞被岩崩封闭以来就再也没有被世人见过。)”和“The site, now known as Chauvet­Pont­d'Arc Cave(该遗址现称为肖维岩洞)”可推知，直到1994年，肖维岩洞的壁画一直被崩落的岩石封住。故选A。 4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Value of Paleolithic Artwork B．Preservation of Figurative Art C．Artistic Expressions of Nature D．Searches for Cave Paintings 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据倒数第二段第一句“The search for the world's oldest cave paintings continues.”并结合文中讲述的拉斯科洞窟和肖维岩洞的壁画的发现和研究可知，文章主要讲述的是寻找洞穴壁画。故选D。 1．overlook v. 俯瞰 2.squeeze v. 挤过 3．prehistoric adj. 史前的 4.document v. 记录 lay eyes on 看见，看到 Ⅲ　语法填空 Airparks are neighborhoods designed __1__ (specific) for people who have their own light airplanes and want to keep them __2__ (park) in their driveways. There are roughly 650 airparks around the world. So why do so few people know they exist? It may have something to do with the fact __3__ most of us can't afford our own personal airplane, let alone buy a house to accommodate it. Living in one of these airparks __4__ (be) very expensive. For example, one of the __5__ (world) nicest airparks in California Cameron Airpark Estates is currently listed on Zillow for $1.5 million. That's the price you pay for living in a place where light airplanes are as common, if not more so __6__ cars. So how do airparks differ from ordinary neighborhoods? Driving through one of them, you're bound __7__ (notice) that every family has a parking lot for their airplanes. The streets are wide enough to fit the wings of a light aircraft, about 100 feet in __8__ (wide). Road signs and mailboxes __9__ (position) unusually low to the ground to avoid getting broken by __10__ wings of the airplanes. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小型民用飞机场的相关特点。 1．specifically　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词作状语，修饰非谓语动词designed。故填specifically。 2．parking　考查非谓语动词。句意：小型民用飞机场是专门为那些拥有自己的轻型飞机并希望使其停在跑道上的人设计的社区。设空处为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语airplanes之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填parking。 3．that　考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：这可能与我们大多数人买不起私人飞机的事实有关，更不用说买地方容纳飞机了。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容，且从句中不缺少任何成分和意义，应由连词that引导。故填that。 4．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子时态为一般现在时，且动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is。 5．world's　考查名词。句意：例如，加州卡梅伦机场庄园中世界最好的机场之一，目前在Zillow上以150万美元的价格挂牌出售。表示“世界的”，应用名词所有格。故填world's。 6．than　考查介词。句意：这就是你生活在一个轻型飞机和汽车一样普遍的地方所需付的价格。设空前有比较级more修饰，本句将轻型飞机与汽车进行比较。故填than。 7．to notice　考查非谓语动词。句意：开车经过其中一个，你一定会注意到每个家庭都有一个飞机停车场。设空处应用非谓语动词，be bound to do sth为固定短语，意为“必定会，一定会做某事”。故填to notice。 8．width　考查词性转换。句意：街道足够宽，可以容纳轻型飞机的机翼，宽度大约100英尺。设空前为介词in，设空处应用名词。故填width。 9．are positioned　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子时态为一般现在时，且主语Road signs and mailboxes和谓语动词position是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语也应用复数。故填are positioned。 10．the　考查冠词。句意：路标和邮箱的位置离地非常低，以避免被机翼折断。此处表示飞机的机翼，为特指，应用定冠词。故填the。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假定你是李华，请你以记者的身份为校报写一篇报道来阐述保护文化遗产的重要意义。内容要点： 1．文化遗产是不可再生的财富，保护文化遗产是我们义不容辞的职责； 2．保护文化遗产，其意义也关乎未来； 3．保护非物质文化遗产是每一个人的义务，对待文化遗产我们必须怀着欣赏的态度。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：非物质文化遗产 intangible cultural heritage 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] As is well known to all, protecting cultural relics is of great importance, because cultural relics are non­rene wable wealth. What's more, the meaning of protecting cultural relics is related to our future. It is vital for the young generation to understand it so that we can protect cultural relics better. There is no denying that everyone has responsibility for protecting the intangible cultural heritage. However, we must have an appreciative attitude towards cultural relics. Only by learning to enjoy cultural relics can we make full use of all we have to protect them. History and culture are the soul of a city and people should cherish the city's historical and cultural heritage as their own lives. 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A Cultural heritage is really important in terms of promoting tourism of a place as it helps develop the local economy. But__it__certainly__does__not__stop__there. There is a deeper significance on preserving our cultural heritage than the possibility of bringing income for local communities. It is understanding and appreciating our way of life as a people. Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future. There is wisdom as to how buildings were built a certain way during ancient (古代) times. We can pick a learning or two from them that can be more effective when we blend with our modern practices. It is also our connecting bridge to cultures that share similarities with us, strengthening our ethnic bond as a human race. It also enhances our societies as we find fulfillment and pride in shaping our cultural identity. Understanding our cultural heritage also influences our understanding of our humanity (人性). Why some of them disappear is partially because of lack of understanding why they were being done in the first place. Historian Simon Thurley views it as a cycle: by understanding cultural heritage, we come to value it; by valuing it, we want to care for it: by caring for it, we enjoy it and help other people enjoy it, too; and from enjoying it, people thirst to understand. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是文化遗产的重要性。 1．What does the underlined sentence probably mean? A．Promoting tourism should be stopped. B．Our way of life as a people matters a lot. C．Developing the local economy doesn't make sense. D．Preserving cultural heritage doesn't only benefit economy. 答案：D　句意理解题。根据画线句上文“Cultural heritage is really important ... the local economy.(文化遗产在促进一个地方的旅游业方面非常重要，因为它有助于发展当地经济。)”和下文“There is a deeper ... as a people.(比起为当地社区带来收入的可能性，保护我们的文化遗产还有更深层的意义，那就是理解和欣赏我们作为一个民族的生活方式。)”可知，画线句在文中起着承上启下的作用，意思是保护文化遗产不只有利于经济。故选D。 2．Why does the author mention ancient buildings in Paragraph 2? A．To tell people they are out of date. B．To show cultural heritage is helpful. C．To stress old buildings are amazing. D．To prove modern buildings are effective. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“Our cultural heritage is ... during ancient (古代) times.(我们的文化遗产连接过去和现在，对未来是有益的。古代建筑是如何以某种方式建造，是有智慧的。)”可推知，作者在第二段提到古代建筑是为了展示文化遗产是有益的。故选B。 3．What's the passage mainly about? A．The promotion of cultural tourism. B．The influence of culture on lifestyle. C．The importance of cultural heritage. D．The disappearance of cultural heritage. 答案：C　主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要讲的是文化遗产的重要性，即The importance of cultural heritage。故选C。 1．significance n. 重要性 2．blend v. 融合 3．strengthen v. 增强，加强 4．fulfillment n. 满意，满足 in terms of 就……而言；在……方面 B Six “sacrificial pits (祭祀坑)” dating back 3，200 to 4，000 years were newly discovered in Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan. Southwest China's Sichuan Province. Over 500 artifacts, including gold masks, bronze wares, ivories, jades, and textiles, were unearthed from the site. Sanxingdui site, first found in 1929, is generally considered as one of the most important archaeological (考古) sites along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the work of excavation on the site only began in 1986 when two pits—widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies—were accidentally discovered. Investigation in the area around No.1 and 2 pits was relaunched in October 2019, and No.3 pit was found in December 2019, according to Lei Yu, a researcher of Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute who heads the ongoing excavation. Thirty four research universities and research institutes have cooperated in this project. He said the new discoveries will help to better understand many unexplained findings in 1986. More excavation followed in March 2020, and five more pits were found. And detailed research began in October. Excavation capsules with hi­tech equipment were set up in the pits in order to prevent the site from further damage. Sanxingdui site covers an area of 12 square kilometers, and its core zone of an ancient city covers nearly 4 square kilometers. According to the National Cultural Heritage Administration, studies of Sanxingdui site will become a crucial project in an ongoing program Archaeology China, which tries to explain the origins of Chinese civilization and how diverse cultures communicate and come together. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工作及意义。 4．How did archaeologists protect the Sanxingdui site? A．By dividing the task of excavation into several parts. B．By cooperating with research universities and institutes. C．By conducting more experiments around the site. D．By using excavation capsule armed with hi­tech equipment. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Excavation capsules ... from further damage.(为了防止遗址被进一步破坏，在坑内设置了装有高科技设备的挖掘舱。)”可知，考古学家采用配备高科技设备的挖掘舱保护三星堆遗址。故选D。 5．What can we infer about the pits from the text? A．The size of the core zone is about 1/3 of Sanxingdui site. B．The discovery of Sanxingdui site only began in 2019. C．There are 6 sacrificial pits discovered in Sanxingdui site in all. D．All sacrificial sites were discovered in the meantime. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Sanxingdui site covers ... 4 square kilometers.(三星堆遗址占地面积12平方公里，其古城核心区占地近4平方公里。)”可推知，核心区面积约为三星堆遗址的1/3。故选A。 6．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Sanxingdui discoveries tell us more about ancient China B．Sanxingdui Site needed to be protected C．Sacrificial pits were unearthed in Sanxingdui Site D．Hi­tech helped to explore Sanxingdui Site 答案：C　标题判断题。本文主要介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现以及发掘工作，因此C项“三星堆遗址出土了祭祀坑”最适合作本文标题。故选C。 1．unearth v. 挖掘，使出土 2．investigation n. 调查 3．relaunch v. 重新启动 date back to 追溯到 C Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack (侵害) as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle. Here's how technology is preserving our cultural heritage. As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) via crowd sourced 2D images is extremely time­consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours.AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods. Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes accumulate everywhere, causing enormous problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We'll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch！) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes. Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍现代技术(AI和VR)怎样应用在文化遗产的保护上。 7．What does the underlined word “exacting” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Paying. B．Cutting. C．Receiving. D．Demanding. 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“But today ... threatening our cultural heritage(但今天，文化受到前所未有的攻击。时间的破坏不仅威胁着我们的文化遗产)”可知，后文应该讲的是冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业也都在付出沉重的代价。由此可推知，exacting意为“付出……代价”。故选A。 8．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage? A．It generates 2D images. B．It makes restoration easier. C．It makes preservation safer. D．It creates replicas in seconds. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“AI will also ... previous methods.(人工智能还将使现有文化遗产的恢复和保护变得更加容易，并且大大优于以前的方法。)”可知，人工智能使文化遗产的恢复变得更容易。故选B。 9．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage? A．By recycling huge amounts of waste. B．By reducing human impact on the site. C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts. D．By educating people about the sites' importance. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As more cultural heritage sites ... with our own eyes.(随着越来越多的文化遗址和文物被数字化绘制和记录，虚拟现实技术将越来越成为人们体验它们的方式。我们最终都将能够在不同的地方穿行，观看(和触摸！)手工艺品和艺术品，而不用真正看到它们。)”可推知，VR技术可以模拟出这些文化遗产让我们不用去现场就能感受到这些艺术品，从而减少人类对文化遗址的影响以达到保护文化遗产的目的。故选B。 10．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How Technology Changes Art B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced D．Prepare for a Revolution in Technology 答案：C　标题判断题。通读全文，本文主要介绍现代技术应用在文化遗产的保护上。C项(用先进的技术保护古代文化遗产)适合作文章标题。故选C。 1．structure n. 结构 2．threaten v. 威胁 3．globalization n. 全球化 1．be surrounded by 被……包围 2．pass down 传承 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$