Unit 1基础版导学案- 2024-2025学年沪教牛津版八年级英语上册

Unit 1 Encyclopgedias 课文讲解 1 Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an ltalian painter, inventor, musician,engineer scientist.列奥纳多·达·芬奇(1452-1519)是一位意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程科学家。 He also had many inventions.他还拥有多项发明。 inventor n.发明家。invention n.发明。如: My dream is to be an inventor in the future.我的梦想是将来成为一名发明家。 The computer is a great invention.电脑是一项伟大的发明。 2.Da Vinci was born in the countryside.达·芬奇出生于乡村。 be born 出生。如: I was born on August 3rd,2001.我出生于2001年8月3日。 His parents were born in Beijing.他的父母出生于北京。 in the countryside在乡村;在农村。如: It's so quiet in the countryside.乡下真安静。 Do you like living in the city or in the countryside?你喜欢住在城里还是乡下? 3.However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.然而，有些恐龙喜欢吃肉。 however adv.然而。表示语气上的转折，后面常跟逗号。如: Sally lives far from school. However, she is never late for school. 萨利住得离学校远，然而她从不迟到。 比较:but也可表示转折，意为“然而;但是”，但后面没有逗号。 4 Then, suddenly, they all died out. 然后，突然之间，它们全都消失了。 die out 灭绝;消失。如: If we don't protect our Earth, many plants and animals will die out.如果我们不保护地球，很多动植物都会灭绝。 5.Nobody knows why.没人知道为什么。 nobody pron.没有人。相当于 no one。如: Nobody agrees with him.没人赞成他的意见。 Nobody can answer the question.没人能回答这个问题。 同类词:everybody人人;somebody 某人;anybody任何人 巩固练习 (一)单项选择。 ( ) 1 All my cousins in Foshan. A. born B. is born in C. was born D. were born ( )2 He was a great because he had so many inventions. A. Inventor B. soldier C. musician D. painter ( )3 The air in countryside is so fresh. A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )4Lily is only five years old . she can sing and dance very well. A. But B. However C.So D. Because ( )5 Sam is the best student in his class. else does better than him. A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Anybody (二)单词拼写。 1.Dinosaurs lived on Earth before h beings. 2. You have the a to do the job well. I'm sure of it. 3.I opened the door, but there was n in the room. 4.Tom's dream is to be an i . He wants to make great things and change the world. 5.Mary's hobbies i swimming and singing. (三)完成句子。 1.我的爷爷奶奶住在乡下。 My grandparents . 2.你知道恐龙为什么会灭绝吗? Do you know why dinosaurs ? 3.玛丽出生于一个富裕的家庭。 Mary in a rich family. 4.《蒙娜丽莎》可能是全世界最有名的画作。 Mona Lisa is perhaps painting in the world. 5.没人知道他为什么离开了。 Nobody knows . 语法讲解 some 和 any 的用法 some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句、疑问句中。如: 1 some和any都表示"一些;某些”的意思，都可以修饰可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。 Some students are running on the playground.一些学生在操场上跑步。 There is some water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There isn't any milk in the fridge.冰箱里没牛奶。 Do you have any questions to ask?你们有什么问题要问吗? 2当some用于疑问句时，表示请求、建议，并期望得到对方的肯定回答。 如: Would you like some fish?想吃点儿鱼吗? May I have some grapes?我可以吃点儿葡萄吗? B somebody, anybody,nobody等的用法 1 由 some, any, no, every 加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。 如: somebody = someone某(些)人 something 某物;某事 anybody = anyone任何人 anything任何事情(东西);某些事情(东西) nobody = no one没有人 nothing 没有东西;没事 everybody = everyone 人人;所有人everything所有事物;一切 2 复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中作主语和宾语。这些代词都作单数看待，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如: Somebody is in the classroom.有人在教室里。(作主语) I can see nobody in the classroom.我没看到有人在教室里。(作宾语) 3 由some 和 any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some 和any的区别一样，something , somebody, someone一般用于肯定句，anything，anybody,anyone一般用于否定句或疑问句中。something，somebody,someone用于疑问句中时，表示请求、建议，并期望得到对方的肯定回答。如: I have something to tell you.我有些事情要告诉你。 I don't have anything to say. = I have nothing to say.我没什么可说的。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么话要说吗? Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点儿什么吗? 4 nobody = no one = not anybody = not anyone没有人。 nothing = not anything没有东西;没事。如: I know nobody /no one in the new school. = I don't know anybody /anyone in the new school.在新学校里，我谁都不认识。 He has nothing to do. = He doesn't have anything to do.他无事可做。 5复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。如: There is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有些不舒服。 Is there anything new in today's newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新闻啊? (广州中考) 1.Although there were no pianos in Yan'an at that time, Xian still wrote of his most important music there, including The Yellow River, his most famous work. A. any B. little C.few D. some (河南中考) 2.As a child, I would sit for hours by the river doing simply daydreaming. A. nothing B. everything C.something D.anything (荆州中考) 3.- Do you have any interesting news to tell us? -No, much. A. anything B. nothing C. something D.everything (广州中考) .He put one spoon of sugar and milk in it. A. many B.any C. few D.some (黄冈中考) 5. - Our classroom is so clean. Who's cleaned it, Li Fei? - Sorry, I don't know. I think did it before class. A. somebody B. nobody C. everyone D.anyone 课文讲解 1 it was made in 1964 by John Landy，它由约翰·兰迪于1964年制造。 be made by (somebody)由……(某人)制造。如: My desk was made by my dad. 我的书桌是我爸爸制作的。 回顾:(be) made of 由……制成;(be) made up of由……组成 2 Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana.很多人来到他的水 果店，给"大香蕉”拍照。 take pictures of 给……拍照。如: Let's take pictures of the beautiful flowers.我们来给这些漂亮的花儿拍照吧。 3 Merinos are a type of sheep.美利奴是一种绵羊。 a type of 一种。相当于a kind of。如: Bananas are a type of fruit.香蕉是一种水果。 4 Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there.澳大利亚的一些地方非常干燥，因此这些绵羊对那里的农民很重要。 be important to somebody对某人很重要。如: Learning English well is important to us.学好英语对我们很重要。 Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merino's head and look at the view through its eyes. 游客还可以爬到“大美利奴羊”的头部位置，透过它的眼睛看风景。 climb up 向上爬;攀登。如: It took us two hours to climb up to the top of the mountain.我们花了两小时才爬到山顶。 巩固练习 单项选择。 ( )1 The Big Banana was made_____a man called John Landy. A. in B. by C. of D.from ( )2 Mum is sad. I need to do_____to make her happy. A. something B. some C. any D. anything ( )3-_____is the Big Merino? - In Goulbur,Australia. A. What B. When C. Where D. Why ( )4 They________ a lot of pictures of the Great Wall last week. A. take B. took C. takes D. are taking ( )5 Look, the monkey is____up the tree. A. growing B. cleaning C. catching D. climbing ( )6 Hi, Lucy. I bought____encyclopaedia yesterday. It's very interesting. 一 Really? Can you bring it to school and let me have a look tomorrow? A. a B. an C. the D. / 7 Scientists are trying to __the secrets of the sea. A. find out B. put out C. die out D. go out 8 Edison was a great____and he had many____ A. inventor; inventors B. invention; inventions C. inventor; inventions D. invention; inventors 9 Here is____information about dinosaurs. A, many B. any C.an D. some 10 Listen!____is coming near.It may be Li Hua A.Anyone B. Someone . C.Everyone D.No one 11 Our school team ____the football match yesterday. A. win B.wins C.won D.are winning(B) 12 My father grew up____. A.in countryside B. in the countryside C. on countryside D. on the countryside 13 Don't go into the study. Dad is writing_____there. A. important nothing B. nothing important C.important something D. something important 14 We can learn____the life of the old man_his pictures. A.about; from B. from; about C. about; about D.from; from 15 This kind of dinosaur is as______as a chicken. A. small B.smaller C.smallest D.much smaller (二)单词拼写。 1 Australia is a b____country, but the population there is small. 2 Bananas are my favourite f____. 3Can you c____ up the tree and pick some apples? 4 Do your grandparents live in the c____ with you or in the countryside? 5 Landy built the Big Banana to m____ people come to his shop. (三)完成句子。 1 这条裙子是我妈妈缝制的。 The dress my mum. 2 蝴蝶是一种昆虫。 Butterflies insects. 3 抱歉，我有一些不好的事情要告诉你。 Sorry, I have something tell you. 4 这些书对我很重要。 These books are very to me. 5 我们去散散步好吗? Shall we ? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$