2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册 寒假班Unit3（二）讲义

Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 By Miss Xu 任课教师 徐老师 学生姓名 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? (Section A) Part 1 Key points Key points (2d) 1. key phrases 1）. 帮忙做... ________ __________ _________... 2）. least adj. 最小的，最少的—(比较级)较小的，较少的___________ — (原形)少的，小的 __________ 至少 __________ ___________ -----（反义）__________ ___________ 3） . pretty adj.漂亮的,聪明的 adv.相当，很 = _________ = __________ 4）. finish v.结束,完成 结束做某事 _________ __________ sth. 5）. 做家务 ________ _________ __________ 6）. 扔垃圾 ________ _________ _________ _______ 7）. 叠衣服 ________ _________ __________ 2. I think (two hours of TV) is enough for you! 1）. two hours of TV :表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How times flies ! Three years _________________ (be) really a short time. Keys：1.help out with 2.less little at least/most 3.very; quite 4.finish doing 5.do the housework 6.take out the rubbish 7. fold your clothes 8. is Key points (3a) 1. key phrases 1).throw v. 投掷，扔 扔下 _______ _________扔向；掷向 ________ ________ 丢弃，抛弃 ________ ________ 2).在……的前面(外部) ______ ________ ________ 在……的前面(内部) ______ ________ _______ _______ 3). share v. 分享 _________ sth. _________ sb. 和某人分享某物 4). borrow v. 借(入) — 借(出) _________ 5). shout back __________ 6). hate v. 讨厌 讨厌做某事 ________ _______ ________ sth./ ________ ________ sth. 7). 带某人去散步 ________ sb. _______ _______ ________ 8). 惊奇的 _________ __________ Keys: 1. throw down; throw at; throw away; 2. in front of; in the front of; 3. share, with; 4. lend; 5. 顶嘴； 6. hate to do; hate doing 7. take, for a walk; 8. in surprise 2. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。 1). the minute = as soon as ：一...... 就......（引导时间状语从句） 翻译：许多同学一上英语课就想睡觉。______________________________________________ 小明总是一请同学吃饭就掉钱包。_____________________________________________ Keys: Many students want to sleep the minute they have an English lesson. Xiaoming always loses his wallet the minute he treat his classmates to dinner 2) in front of 指在物体外部的前面 There is a bike in front of the classroom. in the front of 指在物体内部的前面 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 3. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house. 你一直看电视，在家从不帮忙。 1). all the time 一直；总是 eg. He plays computer games all the time which makes his mother angry. 2). 常见的time短语：不时；有时 _______ ________ / ________ ________ _______ ________ 及时 __________ __________ 准时 _______ _______ 立即；马上 _______ ______ _______ 随时 _______ _______ _______ 同时 _______ _______ _______ ________ Keys: at times/from time to time; in time; on time; in no time; at all times; at the same time 4. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。 1). neither/nor +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 某人(主语)也不 (用于否定句) so +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 某人(主语)也是 (用于肯定句) 2). neither两者都不 ，反义词为both两者都 neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词使用就近原则 eg. Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 【即讲即练】 ( ) 1. Though Betty and Lily are twins, Betty isn’t so ________ as Lily. A. more outgoing B. most outgoing C. outgoing ( ) 2. --- What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word! --- _________. He’s from India, so I guess it is Hindi. A. Neither I can B. Neither can I C. So can I ( ) 3. We didn’t believe what he said. We looked at him _______ surprise. A. for B. with C. in ( ) 4. I got home ____________ they were watching TV. A. as soon as B. while C. after ( ) 5. Helen has got two brothers. ________ of them likes chocolate, but he loves it. A. Neither B. None C. Any ( ) 6. Mary will make a plan as soon as she _________ her homework. A. finishes B. finished C. will finish ( ) 7. --- How long will you stay here? --- ________ I finish my homework, I’ll go back home. A. The minute B. While C. Unless ( ) 8. --- I hear Susan will go to Beijing by herself. --- That’s true. _______ her father _______ her mother will go with her. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor ( ) 9. --- How long may I _______ your bike？ --- For a week. But you mustn’t _______ it to others. A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow ( ) 10. Don’t ________ the bottle on the floor or it will be broken into pieces. A. fold B. pass C. drop Part 2 Key grammar （1） 用could提出请求和征求许可 1. 用could提出请求：Could you (please) do sth? 译为“你能......吗？”或“请你......好吗？”， 是一种比较客气的的提出请求的方式，希望得到对方肯定回答。Could不是can的过去式，是委婉礼貌的说法。 肯定回答：Yes, I can./Of course, I can./OK./No problem./Sure./With pleasure.等 否定回答：Sorry, I can’t./I’m afraid I can’t. +原因 Eg: --- Could you please lend me some money? I want to buy my girlfriend a diamond ring. --- Sorry, I can’t. If I have money, I will buy my girlfriend a diamond ring. 2. 用could征求许可：Could I do sth.? 译为“我能/可以......吗？”此时肯定回答和否定回答都不用could. 肯定回答：Yes, you can./Of course./Certainly./No problem./Sure. 否定回答：Sorry, you can’t./you mustn’t./I’m afraid you can’t. Eg: --- Could I smoke here? --- No, you can’t. Look at the sign “No smoking”! 【即讲即练】 ( ) 1. --- Could I borrow your camera? --- ________, but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. No, thanks C. Certainly not D. Of course. ( ) 2. --- Could you please sweep the floor? --- ________, I’m washing the shirt. A. Yes, sure B. No problem C. Sorry, I couldn’t D. Sorry, I can’t. ( ) 3. Could you please _______ out the rubbish? A. to take B. taking C. take D. took ( ) 4. Could you please ________ the piano so loudly? Your brother is having a rest now. A. not to play B. not play C. don’t play D. to not play （2） while的用法 1. 表示对比或转折：而；然而。此时while一般位于句中。 Eg: Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. You like sports, while I prefer music. 2. 引导时间状语从句：当......的时候；和......同时。此时两个动作同时发生，从句谓语动词通常是延续性动词。 Eg: While she was listening to music, she fell asleep.她听着音乐睡着了。 His parents died while he was still at school.她还在读书时父母就去世了。 3. 引导让步状语从句：虽然，尽管。通常位于句首。 Eg: While he was in poor health, he still works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但他仍然努力工作。 Part 4 Practice makes perfect. B卷能力提升 一、完成对话。 A: Hello. This is Linda. Who is speaking? B: Hello, Linda. This is Jim. What are you doing now? A: I’m doing my homework at home. B: Oh, I’m 1 . to ask you if you would like to go to the movies with me tomorrow. A: No, sorry. I would like to but I can’t. B: Why? Tomorrow is Saturday. It is the 2 . A: Yes. I know. But I’m still busy. I have many 3 to do at home. B: That's too bad. Do you often have to do so or 4 tomorrow? A: I have to do them every Saturday. This is one of my family 5 . B: What are you going to do? A: First, I have to clean up the room, for example, put up the things, sweep the floor and take out the 6 . B: Oh, do you do it 7 or with you mother? A: 8 . I do it with my father. While we are doing it, my mother is washing some clothes. After that, we go shopping 9 . B: That’s really busy. You may feel very tired. A: Yes, but I can 10 my parents. They just want me to join in the housework and develop myself. B: That’s good. Keys: 1. calling2. weekend 3. chores/things 4. just 5. rules6. rubbish 7. alone/yourself 8. Neither9. together 10. understand 二、短文填空。 agree, chore, do, depend, easily, fair, neither, old, seriously, take, them, train Lisa is a mother of two kids. She doesn’t go to work every day. She is 1 about the housework and always keeps her house clean and tidy. She is a clever woman and is good at teaching and 2 her children. She often gives her children some 3 to do according to (根据) their ages. She starts by asking John, the 4 of her two sons, to help her wash the dishes after dinner every evening. It is an easy chore for the 15-year-old boy. Her 13-year-old son,Dave,now helps John, too. In order to make them 5 , she also asks the boys to make their beds,clean their study tables and take out the rubbish every day. On Sunday mornings,she often asks them to buy food from the market. Now, the boys also know how to cook 6 meals when their parent are not at  home. The family is very rich and they live in a big house, but they do all the housework by  7 . Lisa says, “When I was young, my father wanted us to do things on our own and learn how to 8 care of ourselves. Now I am doing it to my kids. My husband also 9 with me very much.” Her son John says, “My brother and I think 10 chores is good for us. We like doing chores because we can learn many important life skills. Keys: 1. serious 2. training 3. chores 4. older/elder 5. independent 6. easy 7. themselves 8. take 9. agrees 10. doing 三、六选五（B卷狂练） Children go to church, then have a big lunch, then go out to play while mum is doing the housework. That was a typical (典型的) British Sunday in the 1960s. 1 . Some British sociologists studied the typical British Sunday. They found that people get up later and do less housework than they did 50 years ago. They are far more likely to be out shopping or enjoying themselves than cooking Sunday lunch. 2 . Most women caught up on their weekly housework and cooked a nice lunch. They hardly had some free time until afternoon,after they cleaned the dishes. Then there would be another busy time between 5 :00 pm and 6 :00 pm for tea. But now, British can have brunch (早午餐) at the restaurant. 3 . “You only have two free days a week. You don’t want to waste one because there is nothing to do but watch boring TV,” said Elizabeth Biggs, 25, a producer in London. “On Saturday you are recovering( 恢复) from the week,” Biggs added. “ 4 You want to get as much as you can out of the day before you have to go back to work.” In the past, British women usually did their shopping during the week, while the husband was at work. “Now men seem to do that as much as women,” said Jonathan Gershuny, who took part in the study. 5 Back in the 1960s, men were far more likely to spend Sundays out of the house at the pub or playing football before lunch. A. And it is usually a busy day. B. Sunday mornings were busy 50 years ago. C. Sundays are the last time for the weekend. D. But things now could not be more different. E. Fewer people would like to cook themselves. F. Men also do more housework now on Sundays. Keys: DBECF 四、完成表格。（B卷周计划） Different cultures make different families. For example, there are differences in the way that Chinese and Americans raise( 养育) children. First, Chinese and American families have different attitudes( 态度) towards independence. In Chinese parents’ eyes, every child is their apple. It is not surprising to see Chinese parents always help their children with getting dressed, having meals, bathing and other things. American parents, on the other hand, always teach their children how to do things alone from childhood. Second, most Chinese parents often let their children have more classes after school, such as piano, drawing, singing and so on. Parents want their children to develop in an all-round way and be better students than others. The problem is that their children may not be interested in these lessons. American parents try to respect( 尊重) their children' s interests and usually don't make them do what they don’t like. Third, when children make some mistakes, parents in China and America treat (处理) in different ways. When Chinese parents see their children make mistakes, they often get very angry with them and shout at them. This is bad for developing a good relationship between parents and their children. American parents think everyone makes mistakes, because mistakes are the part of life. They often say, “It’s OK to make mistakes. Making mistakes helps you learn.” Families in China and America are quite different, and one way may seemed better than the other, but it is better to think about whether the parents fit the family or not, instead of talking about which one is right. 1 between Chinese and Americans on Raising Children 2 children’s independence · Chinese parents try to do almost everything for their children. · American parents try to let their children do things by themselves from childhood. Caring for children’s interests · Chinese parents want their children to learn more and better, although their children may not like it. · American parents let their children learn what they are 3  in. Treating children’s 4 . · Chinese parents are always not happy when their children make some mistakes. · American parents think it is common for people to make mistakes. The author’s 5 : It is hard to say which way is better. Key: 1. differences 2. Developing 3. interested 4. mistakes 5. opinion/idea Homework 一、完型填空。  What do you think of doing chores? In fact, very few people like doing chores around the house. However, we all know that people must do them. Some children also do some chores though they are young. Some of them do chores because they want to help their family, 1 some of them do chores because their parents ask them to do so. In some western countries, many children do chores to 2 pocket money. They 3 start to do this when they are ten years old. School students have to do homework and study for tests. They don’t have much free time on weekdays. They often do 4 on weekends. Young kids only do easy chores, so they don’t get much money. But that’s 5 . Many of them only want to make some money to buy candy. And candy is cheap! They often help to do dishes, 6 the floor, or feed the pet cat or dog. When they get older, they want to 7 more and more things. They want things that more 8 than candies. So they have to work harder! They often help their parents wash the family car, cut the grass, or cook meals. Some jobs are good ways for kids to 9 new things. For example, they can learn how to rouse a lawn mower（割草机）or how to cook. Of course, their parents help them at first. In fact, it is 10 for parents to let their children to do chores at an early age. Many parents think chores are useful for children, even very young ones. Children learn many important skills when they do chores. The skills will be good for children in their lives. ( ) 1. A. because B. while C. if ( ) 2. A. spend B. save C. get ( ) 3. A. quietly B. quickly C. usually ( ) 4. A. chores B. homework C. sports ( ) 5. A. fair B. enough C. smart ( ) 6. A. repair B. wash C. sweep ( ) 7. A. buy B. do C. know ( ) 8. A. interesting B. expensive C. delicious ( ) 9. A. provide B. learn C. find ( )10. A. good B. difficult C. clever Keys: BCCAB CABBA 二、 判断正误。(比较简单，1-4直接可以从文中选出答案，5题要稍微思考一下。本篇讲的是一个女孩选择去西藏做志愿者的事情及做志愿者所收获的经验。) Yang Yunjing is a tour guide volunteer in Tibet. She went there five times as a tour guide. Her parents and friends couldn’t understand why she chose the hard work. But facing all the misunderstanding(误解), Yang just smiled and said, “Tibet is a wonderful place.” When Yang finished her studies at the university three years ago, she had two choices: being an exchange student in Germany, or volunteering for Tibet. Finally, she chose the latter. Her father said, “I’ll agree you to go. But no matter what happens, you have to face it on your own.” When Yang went to Tibet for the first time, she felt sick. She had to be in hospital, but she didn’t tell her parents about it. During her volunteer work, she did a great job because she worked very hard. One day when she went back to her room at night, she got a call from another tour guide volunteer. She told her that a woman of the group was badly hurt when climbing the mountains. Hears that, Yang went to the hospital quickly and decided to stay there and look after the woman. Yang learnt a lot from the volunteer experience. “As long as I think of the sky there, I can smile, no matter what difficulties I may meet.” She said. ( )1. Yang’s families could understand that she chose to be a tour guide in Tibet. ( )2. She could go to study in German after finishing the studies at the university. ( )3. Yang felt very comfortable when she went to Tibet for the first time. ( )4. A tour guide volunteer hurt herself when climbing the mountains. ( )5. Yang became a positive(积极的) girl because the volunteer experience in Tibet. Keys：BABBA Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 By Miss Xu 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$