话题16 科普知识-【一战成名新中考】2025河北中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写培优练优质课件PPT

英语 1 2 第一部分 话题读写练 ★范畴三 人与自然 话题16 科普知识 3 【2022课标子主题】①自然灾害与人身安全，灾害防范基本常识；②自然 灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护；③地球与宇宙探索；④地球与宇 宙探秘，航天事业发展 【常考话题角度】①自然科普及宇宙探索；②生活百科 4 话题阅读 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Passage 1 April 20, 2024, Saturday It was a normal morning and my parents went to work as usual. I was left at home with my little brothers Boo and Seven. Suddenly, Boo shouted that Seven was choking（窒息）. 5 I remembered a first-aid video I'd seen, showing what to do if a little one is choking. I decided to have a try accordingly. I leaned （使斜靠） Seven over my arm and started hitting him on the back, between his shoulder blades（肩胛）. My heart was in my mouth, but I was trying to keep clam because Boo was watching. I phoned 120. Then I continued to give Seven back blows while I was speaking to the operator（接线员）. The doctor told me that I was doing the right thing and to continue doing it. Finally, Seven coughed up a piece of apple and started breathing again. When the hospital workers arrived, they took Seven to the hospital for a full check by the doctors. After they'd examined him carefully, they said he was fine. They told me if I hadn't acted quickly and if I hadn't known what to do, we wouldn't have taken him home that day. If I hadn't watched that video, my brother would have been in a bad situation. I was so happy because what I learned was in practice. 课标高频词句 1. as usual ___________ 2. My heart was in my mouth. ________________________ 3. keep calm _________ 4. examine sb. carefully _________________ 5. in a bad situation _______________ 6. in practice _________ 像往常一样 我的心都提到嗓子眼儿了。 保持冷静 仔细给某人做检查 在糟糕的情况下 付诸实践 8 1.What happened to Seven?( ) A. He was choking at home. B. He was playing outside. C. He fought with his brother. D. He went to work with his parents. 2.创新考法 Which of the following is the correct order of the writer's aid? a. Phoned 120. b. Hit Seven on the back. c. Gave Seven back blows. d. Made Seven lean over his arm. A. cbda B. cabd C. dcab D. dbca √ √ 9 3.What can we know according to the text?( ) A. The doctor gave Seven the first aid. B. Seven's brother Boo helped him in the aid. C. The writer was too nervous to help Seven. D. The writer was calm enough to give the aid. √ 10 4.What can we learn from this diary?( ) A. It's necessary to watch first-aid videos. B. It's important to learn the first-aid skills. C. It's unnecessary to phone 120 after the aid. D. It's helpful to learn first-aid skills from doctors. √ Passage 2[2024山东东营改编] Have you ever wondered why the camels carry heavy loads（负载物） across the desert without food or water for several days? For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel's back. 12 Camels are the only animals with humps. The hump is like a spare cupboard（备用食物柜） where the camel stores food and water for days. When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel's hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat （脂肪） and stored in the camel's hump. When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That's why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water. Camels are like sponges（海绵）. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel's blood cells（细胞）. Camels save water too. They never know when they'll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies. After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel's hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis（绿洲）, it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight. Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life. 课标高频词句 1. take a look at ___________ 2. store food and water _____________ 3. up to _____________ 4. take in ___________ 仔细看一看 储存食物和水 不超过，最多 吸收；理解 16 1.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?( ) A. The shape of the hump. B. The habit of the camel. C. The function（功能） of the hump. D. The ability of the camel. √ 17 2.Which is TRUE about the hump?( ) A. The hump stores different kinds of food. B. The hump always stays the same size. C. The hump can store more than 130 litres of water. D. The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions. 3.What does the underlined word “trek” probably mean?( ) A. Break. B. Journey. C. Activity. D. Test. √ √ 18 4.创新考法Why does the writer use some numbers in this text?( ) A. To explain the facts more clearly. B. To express the ideas more politely. C. To make the article more educational. D. To make the language more beautiful. √ 19 5.What does the writer mainly want to tell us?( ) A. Camels have some amazing abilities. B. Camels are good helpers for desert people. C. Camels have a great quality of never wasting water. D. Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert. √ Passage 3[2024山东临沂改编] It can be really embarrassing if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don't feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of advantages. You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us do things like making plans and managing our feelings. Talking to yourself loud is like showing this quiet inner（内在的） speech. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work. 21 Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can help us manage bad feelings. “Talking to yourself in the third person is like giving yourself advice,” said Jason Moser, a professor（教授） from the US. Moser uses himself in an example. He does not like flying, but he has to fly often for his work. So when he is feeling nervous or afraid during a flight（航班）, he talks to himself, “Well, you know, Jason knows air travel is very safe. And Jason has been on thousands of flights.” This can help us to see things from a different aspect especially when we're feeling sad or angry. When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence. A study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers（调查者） put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. Self-talk also helps to improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud recalled the information the best, researchers said in their study. It's because the information will probably become a long-term memory if it is said out loud. 课标高频词句 1. talk to oneself _________ 2. manage feelings _________ 3. thousands of ___________ 4. take part in _____ 5. a long-term memory _________ 自言自语 管理情绪 成千上万的 参加 长期记忆 25 1.What is the advantage of talking to yourself?( ) A. Talking to yourself is good for your brain. B. Talking to yourself can make you active. C. Talking to yourself can make you do better in art. D. Talking to yourself can help you have a better memory. 2.What does the underlined word “aspect” mean in Paragraph 3?( ) A. Face. B. Side. C. Meaning. D. Direction. √ √ 26 3.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?( ) A. Talking to yourself helps to find out the best players. B. Talking to yourself helps to make players happier. C. Talking to yourself helps to make you more confident. D. Talking to yourself helps to improve players' talking skills. 4.创新考法 Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?( ) A. B. C. D. √ √ 27 5.What's the best title for the text?( ) A. The Reasons of Talking to Yourself B. The Influence of Talking to Yourself C. The Wonder of Talking to Yourself D. The Truth of Talking to Yourself √ 28 Passage 4 What can trees tell us about climate（气候） change? Quite a lot, actually! But to understand what the trees tell us, we first have to understand the differences between weather and climate. 29 Weather is a specific（具体的） event—like a rainstorm or hot day—that happens over a short period of time. Weather can be tracked （追踪） within hours or days. Climate is the weather conditions in a place over a long period of time（30 years or more）. Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping track of weather in the United States since 1891.But trees can keep a much longer record of Earth's climate. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands of years. One way that scientists use trees to learn about past climates is by studying a tree's rings. If you've ever seen a tree stump（树桩）, you probably noticed that the top of the stump had some rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree's life. The light-colored rings represent wood that grew in the spring and early summer, while the dark rings represent wood that grew in the late summer and fall. One light ring and one dark ring represent one year of the tree's life. Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area's local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced difficult conditions, such as a drought （干旱）, the tree might hardly grow at all in those years. 课标高频词句 1. climate change _________ 2. quite a lot ___________ 3. over a short/long period of time ______________ 4. weather condition __________ 5. keep track of _____ 6. keep a record of _______________ 7. climate conditions _________ 8. in the past _______ 气候变化 很多，不少 在短/长时间内 天气状况 追踪 把……记录下来 气候条件 在过去 33 1.创新考法 How does the writer develop Paragraph 2?( ) A. By making comparisons. B. By telling stories. C. By listing numbers. D. By following the time order. 2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?( ) A. The influence of trees on climate. B. The reasons for climate change. C. The differences between weather and climate. D. The history of using trees to learn about past climates. √ √ 34 3.What does the underlined phrase “are sensitive to” in the last paragraph mean?( ) A. Get used to. B. Are easily influenced by. C. Help to protect. D. Make a big difference to. √ 35 4.创新考法Which of the following best shows the rings in dry seasons?( ) A. B. C. D. 5.What is the best title for the text?( ) A. The Life of a Tree B. Tree Rings and Seasons C. The Need for Planting Trees D. Trees and Climate Change √ √ 36 $$