第20讲 中考必考语法专项（主谓一致）-2025年精编中考英语语法高效提分宝典

第20讲 主谓一致 一、考情分析 （一）考情分析 1.考查频率 主谓一致是近三年英语中考的常考考点，每年各地中考卷中均会涉及，一般有 2 至 4 道相关题目。 2.题型分布 主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、用所给词的适当形式填空等题型中。 （二）常考题型 1.单项选择 （2024 浙江杭州）The number of the students in our school _______ over 2000, and a number of them _______ from the countryside. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are （2023 广西玉林）Neither my parents nor I _______ interested in playing computer games. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2.用所给词的适当形式填空 （2024 四川攀枝花改编）A number of visitors _______ (increase) to 10,000 up till now. （2023 四川成都）More than one student _______ (be) against the plan. 答案：is 。 3.完形填空 （2024 湖北武汉）There _______ (be) a book and some pens on the desk. 二、考点分析 （一）基本概念 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。简单来说，就是主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 He runs every morning.（主语 “He” 是单数，谓语动词 “runs” 是第三人称单数形式）；They run every morning.（主语 “They” 是复数，谓语动词 “run” 是原形） （二）主谓一致的规则及示例 1.语法一致原则 （1）单数主语 + 单数谓语动词 ✦普通单数名词或代词作主语 The book is on the table.（“book” 是单数名词，谓语动词 “is” 用单数形式） She likes music.（“She” 是单数代词，谓语动词 “likes” 用第三人称单数形式） ✦不定式、动名词作主语 To see is to believe.（“To see” 是不定式作主语，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.（“Reading” 是动名词作主语，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） （2）复数主语 + 复数谓语动词： ✦普通复数名词或代词作主语 The books are on the table.（“books” 是复数名词，谓语动词 “are” 用复数形式） They like music.（“They” 是复数代词，谓语动词 “like” 用原形） 2.意义一致原则 （1）集合名词作主语 ✦表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数 My family is a big one.（“family” 在这里表示家庭这个整体，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） The team has won the game.（“team” 表示团队整体，谓语动词 “has won” 用单数） ✦表示成员个体时，谓语动词用复数 My family are watching TV.（“family” 在这里表示家庭成员，谓语动词 “are watching” 用复数） The team are celebrating their victory.（“team” 表示队员们，谓语动词 “are celebrating” 用复数） ✦形式为复数，意义为单数的名词作主语（如 news，maths，physics 等） The news is very exciting.（“news” 虽然形式是复数，但意义是单数，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） Maths is not an easy subject for some students.（“Maths” 谓语动词 “is” 用单数） 3.就近一致原则 在 “either...or...”（要么…… 要么……），“neither...nor...”（既不…… 也不……），“not only...but also...”（不但…… 而且……）结构中 ✦Either you or he is right.（在 “either...or...” 结构中，离谓语动词 “is” 最近的主语是 “he”，是单数，所以谓语用单数） ✦Neither the students nor the teacher was late.（在 “neither...nor...” 结构中，离 “was” 最近的是 “teacher”，是单数，谓语用单数） ✦Not only the children but also the mother enjoys the movie.（在 “not only...but also...” 结构中，离 “enjoys” 最近的是 “mother”，是单数，谓语用单数） （三）特殊情况的主谓一致规则及示例 1.带有量词的主语 ✦“a pair of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 A pair of shoes is under the bed.（“a pair of” 强调 “一双”，是单数概念，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） ✦“a number of + 复数名词”（许多）作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of + 复数名词”（…… 的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数 A number of students are playing basketball.（“a number of” 表示 “许多学生”，谓语动词 “are playing” 用复数） The number of students in our class is 50.（“the number of” 表示 “学生的数量”，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） 2.主语后有 with，along with，together with，as well as 等连接的名词时 ✦谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致 The teacher, together with his students, is visiting the museum.（句子的主语是 “The teacher”，“together with his students” 是伴随状语，谓语动词 “is visiting” 与 “The teacher” 保持一致，用单数） （四）在中考中的考查形式 1.单项选择题 （1）考查主谓一致的基本规则 Both Tom and Jerry ______ football. A. like B. likes C. is like （2）考查特殊情况的主谓一致 A number of people ______ in the park every morning. A. exercise B. exercises C. is exercising 2.用所给词的适当形式填空 根据主语的单复数填写谓语动词的正确形式 The family ______ (be) watching TV now. 3.注意事项 要牢记主谓一致的三条基本原则（语法一致、意义一致、就近一致），特别是在遇到特殊情况（如集合名词、带有量词的主语等）时，仔细分析主语的真正含义和结构，判断谓语动词的单复数形式。 注意句子中的主语和谓语动词之间可能会受到其他成分（如修饰语、连接词等）的干扰，要学会拨开干扰因素，准确判断主谓关系。多做练习题可以加深对主谓一致规则的理解和运用。 三、课后练习 1. About three fifths of the students in Chengdu ___________ to school by bus. A. goes B. go C. going D. to go 2. In the city, the old ___________. A. takes good care of B. take good care C. are taken good care D. are taken good care of 3. There ___________ many visitors at the party. They are having great fun. A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. The number of the whales ___________ smaller and smaller because of human activities now. A. were B. was C. is D. are 5. Lots of trees and flowers ___________ in China every year, so our country is getting more and more beautiful now. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 6. There ___________ a lot of litter in the neighborhood in the past, but now it gets clean and tidy. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Last week I went to “the Hill” shopping mall. There ___________ too many people in it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. Why does Henry look so unpleasant? He ___________ for the whole day. He must be tired very much now. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 9. Alice, I rang you up last night but nobody answered. Oh, I together with my parents ___________ walks in the park then. A. take B. took C. am taking D. was taking 10. The number of people using robots ___________ a lot over the past few years and high technology is coming into our life. A. has increased B. have increased C. increased D. were increased 11. ___________ the great ancient books ___________ the writers' experience are shared with the TV viewers on an educational TV show - China in the Classics. A. Either; or B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. Between; and 12. What about going to the music festival with us tomorrow? I suppose so. There ___________ no better choice. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. My sister with my parents ___________ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. A. make B. made C. is making D. was making 14. Either David or I ___________ going to take part in the writing competition. A. am B. is C. are D. be 15. There ___________ still some milk and cakes in the fridge. We don't have to go to the supermarket today. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. There ___________ an English speech competition in our school next Monday. A. is B. are C. will have D. will be 17. Mum, ___________ of the apples ___________ gone bad. We'd better eat up the rest as soon as possible. A. one third; have B. one thirds; have C. one third; has D. first three; has 18. Not only my classmates but also our English teacher ___________ Chinese poems, so we often share their favourite ones. A. like B. liked C. likes D. liking 19. There ___________ a talent show in ten minutes. A. is B. are C. will have D. will be 20. The number of tourists ___________ over 33 million this year. A. is; A number of; have come B. is; The number of; has come C. are; A number of; have come D. are; The number of; has come 21. You're in a hurry. Where are you going? To the cinema. Sue ___________ for me outside. A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting 22. Either the students or the teacher ___________ him very well. A. know B. knows C. to know D. knowing 23. It's a pity that my teacher's parents ___________ allow me to swim alone. A. either...or B. both...and C. neither...nor D. not only...but also 24. There ___________ a fashion show ___________ the end of this month. A. is going to have; at B. will have; in C. is going to be; at D. will be; in 25. ___________ a big party in our school in two weeks. A. There is B. There are C. There will have D. There is going to be 26. We all know that one of the world's most popular sports ___________ football. A. are B. is C. were D. was 27. Two months ___________ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. A. is B. are C. was D. were 28. Look! There ___________ a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were 29. There ___________ an apple, some cakes and hamburgers on the table. A. is B. are C. was D. were 30. There ___________ used to be a lot of trees here, but now it has become desert. A. is B. are C. was D. were 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第20讲 主谓一致 一、考情分析 （一）考情分析 1.考查频率 主谓一致是近三年英语中考的常考考点，每年各地中考卷中均会涉及，一般有 2 至 4 道相关题目。 2.题型分布 主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、用所给词的适当形式填空等题型中。 （二）常考题型 1.单项选择 （2024 浙江杭州）The number of the students in our school _______ over 2000, and a number of them _______ from the countryside. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are 答案：A 。 分析：the number of 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of 表示 “许多”，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数，所以选 A。 （2023 广西玉林）Neither my parents nor I _______ interested in playing computer games. A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案：A 。 分析：neither...nor... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，与最靠近的主语 I 保持一致，所以用 am，选 A。 2.用所给词的适当形式填空 （2024 四川攀枝花改编）A number of visitors _______ (increase) to 10,000 up till now. 答案：have increased 。 分析：a number of 修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数，由 up till now 可知用现在完成时，所以填 have increased 。 （2023 四川成都）More than one student _______ (be) against the plan. 答案：is 。 分析：more than one + 单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以填 is 。 3.完形填空 （2024 湖北武汉）There _______ (be) a book and some pens on the desk. 答案：is 。 分析：在 there be 句型中，当主语是多个事物时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据就近原则确定，此处 a book 是单数，所以用 is 。 二、考点分析 （一）基本概念 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。简单来说，就是主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 He runs every morning.（主语 “He” 是单数，谓语动词 “runs” 是第三人称单数形式）；They run every morning.（主语 “They” 是复数，谓语动词 “run” 是原形） （二）主谓一致的规则及示例 1.语法一致原则 （1）单数主语 + 单数谓语动词 ✦普通单数名词或代词作主语 The book is on the table.（“book” 是单数名词，谓语动词 “is” 用单数形式） She likes music.（“She” 是单数代词，谓语动词 “likes” 用第三人称单数形式） ✦不定式、动名词作主语 To see is to believe.（“To see” 是不定式作主语，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.（“Reading” 是动名词作主语，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） （2）复数主语 + 复数谓语动词： ✦普通复数名词或代词作主语 The books are on the table.（“books” 是复数名词，谓语动词 “are” 用复数形式） They like music.（“They” 是复数代词，谓语动词 “like” 用原形） 2.意义一致原则 （1）集合名词作主语 ✦表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数 My family is a big one.（“family” 在这里表示家庭这个整体，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） The team has won the game.（“team” 表示团队整体，谓语动词 “has won” 用单数） ✦表示成员个体时，谓语动词用复数 My family are watching TV.（“family” 在这里表示家庭成员，谓语动词 “are watching” 用复数） The team are celebrating their victory.（“team” 表示队员们，谓语动词 “are celebrating” 用复数） ✦形式为复数，意义为单数的名词作主语（如 news，maths，physics 等） The news is very exciting.（“news” 虽然形式是复数，但意义是单数，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） Maths is not an easy subject for some students.（“Maths” 谓语动词 “is” 用单数） 3.就近一致原则 在 “either...or...”（要么…… 要么……），“neither...nor...”（既不…… 也不……），“not only...but also...”（不但…… 而且……）结构中 ✦Either you or he is right.（在 “either...or...” 结构中，离谓语动词 “is” 最近的主语是 “he”，是单数，所以谓语用单数） ✦Neither the students nor the teacher was late.（在 “neither...nor...” 结构中，离 “was” 最近的是 “teacher”，是单数，谓语用单数） ✦Not only the children but also the mother enjoys the movie.（在 “not only...but also...” 结构中，离 “enjoys” 最近的是 “mother”，是单数，谓语用单数） （三）特殊情况的主谓一致规则及示例 1.带有量词的主语 ✦“a pair of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 A pair of shoes is under the bed.（“a pair of” 强调 “一双”，是单数概念，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） ✦“a number of + 复数名词”（许多）作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of + 复数名词”（…… 的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数 A number of students are playing basketball.（“a number of” 表示 “许多学生”，谓语动词 “are playing” 用复数） The number of students in our class is 50.（“the number of” 表示 “学生的数量”，谓语动词 “is” 用单数） 2.主语后有 with，along with，together with，as well as 等连接的名词时 ✦谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致 The teacher, together with his students, is visiting the museum.（句子的主语是 “The teacher”，“together with his students” 是伴随状语，谓语动词 “is visiting” 与 “The teacher” 保持一致，用单数） （四）在中考中的考查形式 1.单项选择题 （1）考查主谓一致的基本规则 Both Tom and Jerry ______ football. A. like B. likes C. is like 答案是 A，“Both...and...” 连接两个主语，谓语动词用复数形式 （2）考查特殊情况的主谓一致 A number of people ______ in the park every morning. A. exercise B. exercises C. is exercising 答案是 A，“A number of...” 作主语，谓语动词用复数 2.用所给词的适当形式填空 根据主语的单复数填写谓语动词的正确形式 The family ______ (be) watching TV now. 答案是 “are”，因为这里 “family” 表示家庭成员，是复数概念，根据语境用现在进行时。 3.注意事项 要牢记主谓一致的三条基本原则（语法一致、意义一致、就近一致），特别是在遇到特殊情况（如集合名词、带有量词的主语等）时，仔细分析主语的真正含义和结构，判断谓语动词的单复数形式。 注意句子中的主语和谓语动词之间可能会受到其他成分（如修饰语、连接词等）的干扰，要学会拨开干扰因素，准确判断主谓关系。多做练习题可以加深对主谓一致规则的理解和运用。 三、课后练习 1. About three fifths of the students in Chengdu ___________ to school by bus. A. goes B. go C. going D. to go 答案：B 解析：“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词，students是复数，所以用go。 2. In the city, the old ___________. A. takes good care of B. take good care C. are taken good care D. are taken good care of 答案：D 解析：the old表示“老年人”，是一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数，且是被照顾，用被动语态，即are taken good care of。 3. There ___________ many visitors at the party. They are having great fun. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：B 解析：visitors是复数，所以用are。 4. The number of the whales ___________ smaller and smaller because of human activities now. A. were B. was C. is D. are 答案：C 解析：the number of表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，now表明是现在的情况，所以用is。 5. Lots of trees and flowers ___________ in China every year, so our country is getting more and more beautiful now. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 答案：C 解析：trees and flowers是复数，且是被种植，用一般现在时的被动语态are planted。 6. There ___________ a lot of litter in the neighborhood in the past, but now it gets clean and tidy. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：C 解析：litter是不可数名词，in the past表示过去，所以用was。 7. Last week I went to “the Hill” shopping mall. There ___________ too many people in it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：D 解析：people是复数，last week表示过去，所以用were。 8. Why does Henry look so unpleasant? He ___________ for the whole day. He must be tired very much now. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 答案：D 解析：for the whole day表示一段时间，强调动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时has worked。 9. Alice, I rang you up last night but nobody answered. Oh, I together with my parents ___________ walks in the park then. A. take B. took C. am taking D. was taking 答案：D 解析：together with连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语I保持一致，last night表示过去，用过去进行时was taking。 10. The number of people using robots ___________ a lot over the past few years and high technology is coming into our life. A. has increased B. have increased C. increased D. were increased 答案：A 解析：the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数，over the past few years表示过去的一段时间，用现在完成时has increased。 11. ___________ the great ancient books ___________ the writers' experience are shared with the TV viewers on an educational TV show - China in the Classics. A. Either; or B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. Between; and 答案：C 解析：both...and连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。 12. What about going to the music festival with us tomorrow? I suppose so. There ___________ no better choice. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：There be句型，choice是单数，用is。 13. My sister with my parents ___________ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. A. make B. made C. is making D. was making 答案：D 解析：with连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语my sister保持一致，yesterday evening表示过去，用过去进行时was making。 14. Either David or I ___________ going to take part in the writing competition. A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案：A 解析：either...or连接两个主语时，遵循就近原则，与I保持一致，用am。 15. There ___________ still some milk and cakes in the fridge. We don't have to go to the supermarket today. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：C 解析：There be句型遵循就近原则，milk是不可数名词，用is，这里描述的是现在的情况，所以用is。 16. There ___________ an English speech competition in our school next Monday. A. is B. are C. will have D. will be 答案：D 解析：There be句型的一般将来时，用will be。 17. Mum, ___________ of the apples ___________ gone bad. We'd better eat up the rest as soon as possible. A. one third; have B. one thirds; have C. one third; has D. first three; has 答案：A 解析：分数表达中分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母用复数，one third of the apples表示“三分之一的苹果”，是复数，用have。 18. Not only my classmates but also our English teacher ___________ Chinese poems, so we often share their favourite ones. A. like B. liked C. likes D. liking 答案：C 解析：not only...but also连接两个主语时，遵循就近原则，与our English teacher保持一致，用likes。 19. There ___________ a talent show in ten minutes. A. is B. are C. will have D. will be 答案：D 解析：There be句型的一般将来时，用will be。 20. The number of tourists ___________ over 33 million this year. A. is; A number of; have come B. is; The number of; has come C. are; A number of; have come D. are; The number of; has come 答案：A 解析：the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数，用is；a number of tourists作主语，谓语动词用复数，so far表示到目前为止，用现在完成时have come。 21. You're in a hurry. Where are you going? To the cinema. Sue ___________ for me outside. A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting 答案：C 解析：根据语境，用现在进行时is waiting，表示正在等。 22. Either the students or the teacher ___________ him very well. A. know B. knows C. to know D. knowing 答案：B 解析：either...or连接两个主语时，遵循就近原则，与the teacher保持一致，用knows。 23. It's a pity that my teacher's parents ___________ allow me to swim alone. A. either...or B. both...and C. neither...nor D. not only...but also 答案：C 解析：根据语境，应该是老师和父母都不允许，用neither...nor表示两者都不。 24. There ___________ a fashion show ___________ the end of this month. A. is going to have; at B. will have; in C. is going to be; at D. will be; in 答案：C 解析：There be句型的一般将来时，用There is going to be或There will be，at the end of表示在……结束时。 25. ___________ a big party in our school in two weeks. A. There is B. There are C. There will have D. There is going to be 答案：D 解析：There be句型的一般将来时，用There is going to be。 26. We all know that one of the world's most popular sports ___________ football. A. are B. is C. were D. was 答案：B 解析：“one of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 27. Two months ___________ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：表示时间的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数。 28. Look! There ___________ a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：There be句型遵循就近原则，a photo是单数，用is。 29. There ___________ an apple, some cakes and hamburgers on the table. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：There be句型遵循就近原则，an apple是单数，用is。 30. There ___________ used to be a lot of trees here, but now it has become desert. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：C 解析：used to be表示过去曾经有，There used to be是固定句型。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$