内容正文:
第19讲 状语从句
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.考查频率
状语从句是近三年英语中考的高频考点,每年各地中考卷中都会有 3 至 5 道相关题目。
2.考查重点
重点考查考生对不同类型状语从句的理解和运用,特别是引导词的选择,以及在具体语境中对主从句时态的把握。
(二)常考题型及例题
1.单项选择
(2024 四川宜宾)She stopped talking _______her mother came into the room.
A. as soon as B. unless C. though
(2024 湖北宜昌)It has been much easier for me to go to work________ shared bikes appeared.
A. since B. before C. unless D. though
2.完形填空
(2023 江苏宿迁)The manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate _______ the guests arrived.
A. while B. when C. unless D. after
3.短文填空
(2022 云南昆明)Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice, _______has passed away, he is forever in my mind.
A. If B. Unless C. Before D. Although
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
状语从句是一种主从复合句,在句子中作状语,用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等成分,表明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式等。
When I got home, my mother was cooking.(“When I got home” 是时间状语从句,它说明了主句 “my mother was cooking” 这个动作发生的时间)
(二)状语从句的类型及引导词用法
1.时间状语从句
(1)引导词
when(当…… 时候)、while(当…… 时候;与…… 同时)、as(当…… 时候;一边…… 一边;随着)、before(在…… 之前)、after(在…… 之后)、since(自从;既然)、until/till(直到)等。
(2)用法示例
✦when:可以指时间点,也可以指时间段,从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词或延续性动词。
When I heard the news, I was very happy.(“heard” 是短暂性动词,“when” 强调听到消息的那个时间点)
✦while:强调主句和从句的动作同时进行,从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.(“reading” 和 “watching TV” 都是延续性动词,体现两个动作同时进行)
✦as:有 “一边…… 一边” 或 “随着” 的意思。
As we walked, we talked.(“as” 表示 “一边走一边交谈”);As time goes by, we are getting older.(“as” 表示 “随着时间的流逝”)
✦before & after:很好理解动作的先后顺序。
Before you leave, please turn off the lights.(“离开之前关灯”);After he finished his homework, he went to play.(“完成作业后去玩”)
✦since:引导的从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时,表示 “自从…… 以来”。
Since I came to this school, I have made many friends.(“came” 是一般过去时,“have made” 是现在完成时)
✦until/till:表示 “直到…… 为止”。
He didn't leave until/till his mother came back.(“直到他妈妈回来他才离开”)
2.地点状语从句
(1)引导词
where(在…… 地方)、wherever(无论在哪里)
(2)用法示例
✦where:用于表示主句动作发生的地点。
Put it where you can see it.(“where you can see it” 说明 “放” 这个动作的地点)
✦wherever:强调在任何地方。
Wherever you go, I will follow you.(“无论你去哪里,我都会跟着你”)
3.原因状语从句
(1)引导词
because(因为)、since(既然;由于)、as(由于;因为)、for(因为)
(2)用法示例:
✦because:语气最强,用来回答 why 的提问,强调原因和结果的直接关系。
He didn't come because he was ill.(“因为他生病了所以没来”)
✦since:表示已知的、显然的原因,常译为 “既然”。
Since it's raining heavily, we'd better stay at home.(“既然雨下得很大,我们最好待在家里”)
✦as:表示比较明显的原因,语气比 because 弱。
As it was late, I had to go home.(“由于天晚了,我得回家了)
✦for:是并列连词,引导的句子不是原因状语从句,但也可以表示原因,一般放在主句之后,用逗号隔开,语气最弱。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.(“他一定是病了,因为他今天缺席了”)
4.条件状语从句
(1)引导词
if(如果)、unless(除非;如果不)、as/so long as(只要)、in case(万一;假使)等。
(2)用法示例
✦if:最常见的引导词,用于表示假设的条件。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(“如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里”)
✦unless:相当于 “if...not”。
You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.(“除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试”)
✦as/so long as:强调条件的持续性。
As long as you keep trying, you will succeed.(“只要你不断尝试,你就会成功”)
✦in case:有 “以防;万一” 的意思。
Take an umbrella in case it rains.(“带把伞,以防下雨”)
5.目的状语从句
(1)引导词
so that(以便;为了)、in order that(为了)、for fear that(以免;生怕)、in case(以防;万一)
(2)用法示例
✦so that & in order that:从句中常有情态动词(如 can、could、may、might 等)。
He got up early so that/in order that he could catch the first bus.(“他早起为了能赶上第一班公共汽车”)
✦for fear that:表示 “以免;生怕”,从句中也常用情态动词。
She left early for fear that she might miss the train.(“她早早离开,生怕错过火车”)
✦in case:与前面提到的意思类似,用于表示目的是 “以防;万一”。
I'll leave you my phone number in case you need to contact me.(“我把我的电话号码留给你,万一你需要联系我”)
6.结果状语从句
(1)引导词
so...that(如此…… 以至于)、such...that(如此…… 以至于)、so that(结果是;以至于)
(2)用法示例
✦so...that:so 后面接形容词或副词。
He ran so fast that he won the race.(“他跑得如此快,以至于他赢得了比赛”)
✦such...that:such 后面接名词(名词短语)。
It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic.(“天气如此好,以至于我们决定去野餐”)
✦so that:在结果状语从句中,意思是 “结果是;以至于”。
He didn't plan his time well, so that he didn't finish the work on time.(“他没有好好计划时间,结果是他没有按时完成工作”)
7.让步状语从句
(1)引导词
although/though(虽然;尽管)、even though/even if(即使)、while(虽然;尽管)、as(虽然;尽管)
(2)用法示例
✦although/though:可以互换,都表示 “虽然;尽管”,不能和 but 同时使用。
Although/Though it was raining heavily, he still went to school on time.(“虽然雨下得很大,他仍然按时去上学”)
✦even though/even if:强调 “即使”,语气更强。
Even though/Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still go on a picnic.(“即使明天下雨,我们仍然要去野餐”)
✦while:用于对比两种情况,有 “虽然;尽管” 的意思。
While I like reading, my brother likes watching TV.(“虽然我喜欢阅读,我弟弟却喜欢看电视”)
✦as:引导让步状语从句时,要把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到 as 前面。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(“虽然他是个孩子,但他知道很多”)
8.方式状语从句
(1)引导词
as(像;如同)、the way(…… 的方式)
(2)用法示例
✦as
You should do as the teacher tells you.(“你应该像老师告诉你的那样做”)
✦the way
I don't like the way he speaks.(“我不喜欢他说话的方式”)
(三)状语从句的时态问题
当主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。这种时态的搭配是为了强调条件、时间等因素的客观性,先确定条件或时间的情况,然后再决定主句动作的发生与否。
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go to school.(“rains” 是一般现在时,“won't go” 是一般将来时)
(四)在中考中的考查形式
1.单项选择题
(1)考查引导词的选择
根据句子的语义和逻辑关系,选择合适的引导词。
______ it rains, we will stay at home.
A. If B. Although C. Because
(2)考查状语从句的时态
I'll call you as soon as I ______ (arrive) in Beijing.
2.完形填空题
根据语境选择正确的引导词和时态:结合上下文的语义和逻辑关系,选择合适的状语从句引导词和正确的时态来填空。
______ (Since/Until) you are here, you can help me.
3.注意事项
要准确理解每个引导词的含义和用法,特别是容易混淆的引导词(如 because 和 since、as 的区别,while 和 when 的区别等)。注意状语从句的时态规则,尤其是 “主将从现” 的情况。在分析句子时,仔细考虑从句与主句之间的逻辑关系,结合语境正确使用状语从句,避免出现错误。多做练习题可以帮助更好地掌握状语从句的知识点。
三、课后练习
(一)时间状语从句
1. I was doing my homework __________ my mother was cooking in the kitchen.
2.The students didn't stop talking __________ the teacher came in.
3. __________ I got home, my parents were watching TV.
4.We have known each other __________ we were children.
5. As soon as he __________ the bus, the bus started to move.
(二) 原因状语从句
6. He didn't come to school __________ he was ill.
7. Since you are here, __________ you help me with my English?
8. I like this movie very much __________ the actors are all very good.
9. __________ it was raining heavily, we had to stay at home.
10. She was late for school __________ her bike was broken.
(三) 条件状语从句
11. You will get good grades __________ you study hard.
12. We won't have the party __________ it rains tomorrow.
13. __________ you don't hurry up, you will be late for the meeting.
14. He will go to the park with us __________ he finishes his homework.
15. You can't pass the exam __________ you work hard from now on.
(四)目的状语从句
16. We should speak English as much as possible __________ we can improve our spoken English.
17. He got up early __________ he could catch the first bus.
18. I want to buy a big house __________ my parents can live with me.
19. She took many photos __________ she could remember the beautiful moment.
20. The boy saved every coin __________ he could buy his mother a present on Mother's Day.
(五)结果状语从句
21. The boy is __________ young __________ he can't go to school.
22. It was __________ a cold day __________ nobody went out.
23. He ran __________ fast __________ he won the first prize in the race.
24. She has __________ few friends __________ she often feels lonely.
25. The movie is __________ interesting __________ I want to watch it again.
(六) 让步状语从句
26. __________ he is very busy, he still helps me with my English.
27. The old man is 80 years old, __________ he looks very young.
28. __________ it was late, he still went on working.
29. I like English __________ it's a little difficult for me.
30. __________ the weather is bad, we still have a good time.
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第19讲 状语从句
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.考查频率
状语从句是近三年英语中考的高频考点,每年各地中考卷中都会有 3 至 5 道相关题目。
2.考查重点
重点考查考生对不同类型状语从句的理解和运用,特别是引导词的选择,以及在具体语境中对主从句时态的把握。
(二)常考题型及例题
1.单项选择
(2024 四川宜宾)She stopped talking _______her mother came into the room.
A. as soon as B. unless C. though
答案:A 。
分析:本题考查时间状语从句,as soon as 表示 “一…… 就……”,妈妈一进到房间里,她就停止了说话,符合题意,所以选 A。
(2024 湖北宜昌)It has been much easier for me to go to work________ shared bikes appeared.
A. since B. before C. unless D. though
答案:A 。
分析:本题考查时间状语从句,since 表示 “自从…… 以来”,引导时间状语从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,符合题意,所以选 A。
2.完形填空
(2023 江苏宿迁)The manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate _______ the guests arrived.
A. while B. when C. unless D. after
答案:B 。
分析:本题考查时间状语从句,when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词,arrive 是短暂性动词,客人到达时,饭店经理正在门口等候,所以选 B。
3.短文填空
(2022 云南昆明)Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice, _______has passed away, he is forever in my mind.
A. If B. Unless C. Before D. Although
答案:D 。
分析:本题考查让步状语从句,although 表示 “虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,符合题意,所以选 D。
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
状语从句是一种主从复合句,在句子中作状语,用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等成分,表明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式等。
When I got home, my mother was cooking.(“When I got home” 是时间状语从句,它说明了主句 “my mother was cooking” 这个动作发生的时间)
(二)状语从句的类型及引导词用法
1.时间状语从句
(1)引导词
when(当…… 时候)、while(当…… 时候;与…… 同时)、as(当…… 时候;一边…… 一边;随着)、before(在…… 之前)、after(在…… 之后)、since(自从;既然)、until/till(直到)等。
(2)用法示例
✦when:可以指时间点,也可以指时间段,从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词或延续性动词。
When I heard the news, I was very happy.(“heard” 是短暂性动词,“when” 强调听到消息的那个时间点)
✦while:强调主句和从句的动作同时进行,从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.(“reading” 和 “watching TV” 都是延续性动词,体现两个动作同时进行)
✦as:有 “一边…… 一边” 或 “随着” 的意思。
As we walked, we talked.(“as” 表示 “一边走一边交谈”);As time goes by, we are getting older.(“as” 表示 “随着时间的流逝”)
✦before & after:很好理解动作的先后顺序。
Before you leave, please turn off the lights.(“离开之前关灯”);After he finished his homework, he went to play.(“完成作业后去玩”)
✦since:引导的从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时,表示 “自从…… 以来”。
Since I came to this school, I have made many friends.(“came” 是一般过去时,“have made” 是现在完成时)
✦until/till:表示 “直到…… 为止”。
He didn't leave until/till his mother came back.(“直到他妈妈回来他才离开”)
2.地点状语从句
(1)引导词
where(在…… 地方)、wherever(无论在哪里)
(2)用法示例
✦where:用于表示主句动作发生的地点。
Put it where you can see it.(“where you can see it” 说明 “放” 这个动作的地点)
✦wherever:强调在任何地方。
Wherever you go, I will follow you.(“无论你去哪里,我都会跟着你”)
3.原因状语从句
(1)引导词
because(因为)、since(既然;由于)、as(由于;因为)、for(因为)
(2)用法示例:
✦because:语气最强,用来回答 why 的提问,强调原因和结果的直接关系。
He didn't come because he was ill.(“因为他生病了所以没来”)
✦since:表示已知的、显然的原因,常译为 “既然”。
Since it's raining heavily, we'd better stay at home.(“既然雨下得很大,我们最好待在家里”)
✦as:表示比较明显的原因,语气比 because 弱。
As it was late, I had to go home.(“由于天晚了,我得回家了)
✦for:是并列连词,引导的句子不是原因状语从句,但也可以表示原因,一般放在主句之后,用逗号隔开,语气最弱。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.(“他一定是病了,因为他今天缺席了”)
4.条件状语从句
(1)引导词
if(如果)、unless(除非;如果不)、as/so long as(只要)、in case(万一;假使)等。
(2)用法示例
✦if:最常见的引导词,用于表示假设的条件。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(“如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里”)
✦unless:相当于 “if...not”。
You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.(“除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试”)
✦as/so long as:强调条件的持续性。
As long as you keep trying, you will succeed.(“只要你不断尝试,你就会成功”)
✦in case:有 “以防;万一” 的意思。
Take an umbrella in case it rains.(“带把伞,以防下雨”)
5.目的状语从句
(1)引导词
so that(以便;为了)、in order that(为了)、for fear that(以免;生怕)、in case(以防;万一)
(2)用法示例
✦so that & in order that:从句中常有情态动词(如 can、could、may、might 等)。
He got up early so that/in order that he could catch the first bus.(“他早起为了能赶上第一班公共汽车”)
✦for fear that:表示 “以免;生怕”,从句中也常用情态动词。
She left early for fear that she might miss the train.(“她早早离开,生怕错过火车”)
✦in case:与前面提到的意思类似,用于表示目的是 “以防;万一”。
I'll leave you my phone number in case you need to contact me.(“我把我的电话号码留给你,万一你需要联系我”)
6.结果状语从句
(1)引导词
so...that(如此…… 以至于)、such...that(如此…… 以至于)、so that(结果是;以至于)
(2)用法示例
✦so...that:so 后面接形容词或副词。
He ran so fast that he won the race.(“他跑得如此快,以至于他赢得了比赛”)
✦such...that:such 后面接名词(名词短语)。
It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic.(“天气如此好,以至于我们决定去野餐”)
✦so that:在结果状语从句中,意思是 “结果是;以至于”。
He didn't plan his time well, so that he didn't finish the work on time.(“他没有好好计划时间,结果是他没有按时完成工作”)
7.让步状语从句
(1)引导词
although/though(虽然;尽管)、even though/even if(即使)、while(虽然;尽管)、as(虽然;尽管)
(2)用法示例
✦although/though:可以互换,都表示 “虽然;尽管”,不能和 but 同时使用。
Although/Though it was raining heavily, he still went to school on time.(“虽然雨下得很大,他仍然按时去上学”)
✦even though/even if:强调 “即使”,语气更强。
Even though/Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still go on a picnic.(“即使明天下雨,我们仍然要去野餐”)
✦while:用于对比两种情况,有 “虽然;尽管” 的意思。
While I like reading, my brother likes watching TV.(“虽然我喜欢阅读,我弟弟却喜欢看电视”)
✦as:引导让步状语从句时,要把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到 as 前面。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(“虽然他是个孩子,但他知道很多”)
8.方式状语从句
(1)引导词
as(像;如同)、the way(…… 的方式)
(2)用法示例
✦as
You should do as the teacher tells you.(“你应该像老师告诉你的那样做”)
✦the way
I don't like the way he speaks.(“我不喜欢他说话的方式”)
(三)状语从句的时态问题
当主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。这种时态的搭配是为了强调条件、时间等因素的客观性,先确定条件或时间的情况,然后再决定主句动作的发生与否。
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go to school.(“rains” 是一般现在时,“won't go” 是一般将来时)
(四)在中考中的考查形式
1.单项选择题
(1)考查引导词的选择
根据句子的语义和逻辑关系,选择合适的引导词。
______ it rains, we will stay at home.
A. If B. Although C. Because
答案是 A,因为句子表达的是 “如果下雨,我们就待在家里” 的条件关系
(2)考查状语从句的时态
I'll call you as soon as I ______ (arrive) in Beijing.
答案是 “arrive”,考查 “主将从现” 的时态规则。
2.完形填空题
根据语境选择正确的引导词和时态:结合上下文的语义和逻辑关系,选择合适的状语从句引导词和正确的时态来填空。
______ (Since/Until) you are here, you can help me.
根据语境,应填 “Since”,表示 “既然你在这儿,你可以帮助我”。
3.注意事项
要准确理解每个引导词的含义和用法,特别是容易混淆的引导词(如 because 和 since、as 的区别,while 和 when 的区别等)。注意状语从句的时态规则,尤其是 “主将从现” 的情况。在分析句子时,仔细考虑从句与主句之间的逻辑关系,结合语境正确使用状语从句,避免出现错误。多做练习题可以帮助更好地掌握状语从句的知识点。
三、课后练习
(一)时间状语从句
1. I was doing my homework __________ my mother was cooking in the kitchen.
答案:while
解析:while引导时间状语从句,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生,从句中常用延续性动词,此处“我做作业”和“妈妈做饭”是同时进行的动作,故用while。
2.The students didn't stop talking __________ the teacher came in.
答案:until
解析:not...until表示“直到……才”,这里指直到老师进来学生们才停止说话。
3. __________ I got home, my parents were watching TV.
答案:When
解析:when引导时间状语从句,既可以指时间点,也可以指时间段,这里指“当我到家的时候”,父母正在看电视。
4.We have known each other __________ we were children.
答案:since
解析:since引导时间状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,表示“自从……以来”,此处指“自从我们是孩子的时候就认识了”。
5. As soon as he __________ the bus, the bus started to move.
答案:got on
解析:as soon as引导时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,这里指他一上车,公交车就开动了,从句用一般过去时。
(二) 原因状语从句
6. He didn't come to school __________ he was ill.
答案:because
解析:because表示直接原因,语气最强,用来回答why的提问,这里指他没来上学是因为他病了。
7. Since you are here, __________ you help me with my English?
答案:can
解析:since引导原因状语从句,意为“既然”,表示已知的、显然的理由,此处指“既然你在这儿,你能帮我学英语吗”。
8. I like this movie very much __________ the actors are all very good.
答案:because
解析:because引导原因状语从句,解释喜欢这部电影的原因是演员都很好。
9. __________ it was raining heavily, we had to stay at home.
答案:Because
解析:because引导原因状语从句,说明“我们不得不待在家里”的原因是雨下得很大。
10. She was late for school __________ her bike was broken.
答案:because
解析:because引导原因状语从句,表明她上学迟到是因为自行车坏了。
(三) 条件状语从句
11. You will get good grades __________ you study hard.
答案:if
解析:if引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,这里指如果努力学习,就会取得好成绩。
12. We won't have the party __________ it rains tomorrow.
答案:if
解析:if引导条件状语从句,此处指如果明天下雨,我们就不举行派对了。
13. __________ you don't hurry up, you will be late for the meeting.
答案:If
解析:if引导条件状语从句,提醒如果不快点,开会就会迟到。
14. He will go to the park with us __________ he finishes his homework.
答案:if
解析:if引导条件状语从句,指他如果完成作业就会和我们一起去公园。
15. You can't pass the exam __________ you work hard from now on.
答案:unless
解析:unless相当于if not,引导条件状语从句,这里指除非从现在开始努力学习,否则你不能通过考试。
(四)目的状语从句
16. We should speak English as much as possible __________ we can improve our spoken English.
答案:so that
解析:so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,为了”,这里指我们应该尽可能多地说英语,以便提高英语口语。
17. He got up early __________ he could catch the first bus.
答案:so that
解析:so that引导目的状语从句,说明他早起的目的是为了赶上第一班公交车。
18. I want to buy a big house __________ my parents can live with me.
答案:so that
解析:so that引导目的状语从句,表示“我想买大房子”的目的是让父母能和我一起住。
19. She took many photos __________ she could remember the beautiful moment.
答案:so that
解析:so that引导目的状语从句,指她拍很多照片是为了能记住这美好的时刻。
20. The boy saved every coin __________ he could buy his mother a present on Mother's Day.
答案:so that
解析:so that引导目的状语从句,说明男孩存钱的目的是在母亲节给他妈妈买礼物。
(五)结果状语从句
21. The boy is __________ young __________ he can't go to school.
答案:so; that
解析:so...that引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词或副词,意为“如此……以至于”,这里指男孩如此小以至于不能上学。
22. It was __________ a cold day __________ nobody went out.
答案:such; that
解析:such...that引导结果状语从句,such后面接名词或名词短语,这里指“如此寒冷的一天以至于没有人出去”。
23. He ran __________ fast __________ he won the first prize in the race.
答案:so; that
解析:so...that引导结果状语从句,表示“他跑得如此快以至于在比赛中获得了第一名”。
24. She has __________ few friends __________ she often feels lonely.
答案:so; that
解析:so...that引导结果状语从句,因为few表示“几乎没有”,具有否定意义,所以用so修饰,指她几乎没有朋友,以至于经常感到孤独。
25. The movie is __________ interesting __________ I want to watch it again.
答案:so; that
解析:so...that引导结果状语从句,说明这部电影如此有趣以至于我想再看一遍。
(六) 让步状语从句
26. __________ he is very busy, he still helps me with my English.
答案:Although/Though
解析:although/though引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,表示让步关系,这里指尽管他很忙,他仍然帮我学英语。
27. The old man is 80 years old, __________ he looks very young.
答案:but
解析:这里虽然表示转折,但在英语中,although/though与but不能同时使用,不过在口语中有时会用but来表示转折,正式书面语中则通常用although/though。
28. __________ it was late, he still went on working.
答案:Although/Though
解析:although/though引导让步状语从句,指尽管很晚了,他仍然继续工作。
29. I like English __________ it's a little difficult for me.
答案:although/though
解析:although/though引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然英语对我来说有点难,但我还是喜欢它”。
30. __________ the weather is bad, we still have a good time.
答案:Although/Though
解析:although/though引导让步状语从句,说明尽管天气不好,我们仍然玩得很开心。
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