内容正文:
第16讲 并列复合句
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.分值与比重稳定
近三年来,并列复合句在英语中考中是较为稳定的考点,分值通常在 2 至 4 分左右,占比适中。
2.注重语境理解
题目越来越注重在具体语境中考查考生对并列复合句的运用能力,要求考生根据上下文逻辑和语义来判断其正确形式。
(二)常考题型
1.单项选择
(2024 年甘肃卷)We must get up at 7:00 tomorrow morning, _______ well be late for the train.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案:B 。
分析:本题考查并列复合句中表示选择关系的连词 “or” 的用法,“or” 表示 “否则”,用于警告或提醒。
(2024 年龙东卷)Jack _______ his mother likes pop songs,and they often sing together.
A. Not only;but also B. Neither;nor C. Either;or D. Both;and
答案:A 。
分析:本题考查并列复合句中表示并列关系的连词 “not only…but also…” 的用法,连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
2.完形填空
I like reading books _________ watching movies in my free time. I think both of them can bring me a lot of fun.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A 。
分析:本题考查并列复合句中表示并列关系的连词 “and” 的用法,“and” 表示 “和”,连接两个并列的动作或事物。
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
并列复合句是由两个或多个并列的简单句通过并列连词连接而成的句子。这些简单句在语法上是平等的,都能独立表达完整的意思,它们之间的关系可以是并列、递进、选择、转折等。
“I like reading, and my sister likes writing.” 这个句子中,“I like reading” 和 “my sister likes writing” 是两个简单句,通过并列连词 “and” 连接,构成了一个并列复合句。
(二)并列连词的种类及用法
1.and
表示并列或递进关系
(1)当表示并列关系时,连接的两个句子在意思上是平等的、同类的。
He is smart, and he is kind.(他很聪明,而且他很友善。“聪明” 和 “友善” 是并列的性格特点)
(2)用于递进关系时,后一个句子的意思在前一个句子的基础上有所加深或拓展。
She can sing, and she can dance well.(她会唱歌,而且她舞跳得很好。强调不仅会唱歌,舞蹈能力也不错)
(3)连接两个动作先后发生的句子
He got up early, and then he went to school.(他早起,然后去上学。体现了动作的先后顺序)
2.or
表示选择关系
(1)用于提供两种或多种选择。
You can choose the red one, or you can choose the blue one.(你可以选择红色的那个,或者你可以选择蓝色的那个)
(2)在否定句中表示并列关系,意思是 “也不”。
He doesn't like math, nor/neither does he like physics.(他不喜欢数学,也不喜欢物理。这里 “nor/neither...or...” 结构用于否定句)
3.but
表示转折关系:用于连接两个在意思上相反或相对的句子。
She is rich, but she is not happy.(她很富有,但她不开心。“富有” 和 “不开心” 形成鲜明的对比)
4.both...and...
表示并列关系,强调两者都
Both Tom and Jerry like ice - cream.(汤姆和杰瑞都喜欢冰淇淋。突出两个人都有相同的喜好)
5.not only...but also...
表示递进关系,意思是 “不但…… 而且……”
He is not only good at math, but also excellent in English.(他不但擅长数学,而且英语也很好。强调在两方面都有良好的表现)
(三)并列复合句的语法特点
1.句子结构
每个并列的简单句都有自己的主语和谓语,它们在结构上相对独立。
I like sports, and my brother loves music.(“I like sports” 的主语是 “I”,谓语是 “like”;“my brother loves music” 的主语是 “my brother”,谓语是 “loves”)
并列连词的位置一般在两个简单句之间,连接它们的语义。不过,在某些情况下,为了强调或者使句子结构更平衡,连词的位置可能会有所变化,但语义基本不变。
And I think he is right.(这种情况通常是在口语或者承接上文内容时使用)
2.时态和语态
每个简单句可以根据自身的语境和表达的时间使用不同的时态和语态。
She was reading a book, and her sister was watching TV.(两个简单句都使用了过去进行时,分别描述当时两个人正在进行的不同动作)
(四)在中考中的考查形式
1.单项选择题
考查并列连词的选择:根据句子的语义和逻辑关系,选择合适的并列连词。
I wanted to go to the party, ______ my parents didn't allow me.
A. and B. but C. or
答案是 B,因为句子表达的是 “我想去参加聚会,但是我的父母不允许我去” 的转折关系
考查并列复合句的语法结构和语义理解
______ you ______ your sister can come with me.
A. Either; or B. Both; and C. Not only; but also
答案是 A,因为句子意思是 “你或者你的妹妹可以和我一起去”,是选择关系
2.句型转换
(1)将简单句合并为并列复合句
He likes reading. He also likes writing.(合并为)He likes reading, and he also likes writing.
(2)将并列复合句改为简单句(部分考查)
这需要对并列复合句的语义有深刻理解,通过使用合适的词汇或结构来简化句子。
She can sing, and she can dance.(改为)She can sing and dance.
(3)注意事项
要准确理解每个并列连词的含义和用法,特别是 and、or、but 等基本连词以及它们和其他关联词语(如 both...and...、not only...but also... 等)之间的区别。
在使用并列复合句时,要注意句子的逻辑关系是否清晰,语义是否通顺。同时,注意每个简单句内部的语法结构,包括主谓一致、时态、语态等,避免出现错误。多做练习题可以帮助更好地掌握并列复合句的知识点。
三、课后练习
1.I like reading books, ________ my sister prefers watching TV. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:前半句 “我喜欢读书”,后半句 “我妹妹更喜欢看电视”,两者之间是转折关系,所以用 but。
2.Hurry up, ________ you will miss the bus. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:C
解析:“快点”,否则 “你会错过公交车”,表示 “否则” 用 or。
3.The weather was fine, ________ we went out for a walk. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“天气很好” 是原因,“我们出去散步” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
4.I want to buy a new dress, ________ I don't have enough money. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:“我想买一条新裙子”,但是 “我没有足够的钱”,前后是转折关系,用 but。
5.Work hard, ________ you will succeed in the exam. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“努力学习”,然后 “你会在考试中成功”,表示递进、顺承关系用 and。
6.You can come to my party, ________ you can stay at home. It's up to you. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:C
解析:“你可以来我的派对” 或者 “你可以待在家里”,表示选择关系用 or。
7.The boy is very clever, ________ he is a little lazy. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:“这个男孩很聪明”,但是 “他有点懒”,前后是转折关系,用 but。
8.I called my friend, ________ he didn't answer the phone. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:“我给我的朋友打电话”,但是 “他没有接”,前后是转折关系,用 but。
9.She is good at dancing, ________ she also loves singing. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“她擅长跳舞”,而且 “她也喜欢唱歌”,表示递进关系用 and。
10.Read more books, ________ you will get more knowledge. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“多读一些书”,然后 “你会获得更多的知识”,表示顺承关系用 and。
11.It's raining hard outside, ________ we have to stay at home. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“外面雨下得很大” 是原因,“我们不得不待在家里” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
12.You should brush your teeth twice a day, ________ you will have a toothache. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:C
解析:“你应该一天刷两次牙”,否则 “你会牙痛”,表示 “否则” 用 or。
13.The movie is very interesting, ________ I want to watch it again. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“这部电影很有趣” 是原因,“我想再看一遍” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
14.He studied hard, ________ he still failed the exam. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:“他学习很努力”,但是 “他仍然考试不及格”,前后是转折关系,用 but。
15.I'm thirsty, ________ I want to drink some water. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“我渴了” 是原因,“我想喝一些水” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
16.You can choose the red dress, ________ you can choose the blue one. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:C
解析:“你可以选择红色的裙子” 或者 “你可以选择蓝色的”,表示选择关系用 or。
17.The book is too difficult for me, ________ I still want to read it. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:“这本书对我来说太难了”,但是 “我仍然想读它”,前后是转折关系,用 but。
18.Listen carefully in class, ________ you will learn a lot. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“在课堂上认真听讲”,然后 “你会学到很多”,表示顺承关系用 and。
19.I have a lot of homework to do, ________ I can't go out to play. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“我有很多作业要做” 是原因,“我不能出去玩” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
20.My mother is cooking in the kitchen, ________ my father is reading a newspaper in the living room. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“我妈妈在厨房做饭”,同时 “我爸爸在客厅看报纸”,表示并列关系用 and。
21.The box is too heavy for me to carry, ________ my brother helped me. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“这个箱子对我来说太重了,我搬不动” 是原因,“我哥哥帮助了我” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
22.You should eat more fruits and vegetables, ________ you will be healthier. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“你应该多吃水果和蔬菜”,然后 “你会更健康”,表示递进关系用 and。
23.I like playing basketball, ________ I don't have much time to play it. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:“我喜欢打篮球”,但是 “我没有很多时间去打”,前后是转折关系,用 but。
24.Be careful when you cross the road, ________ you may get hurt. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:C
解析:“过马路时要小心”,否则 “你可能会受伤”,表示 “否则” 用 or。
25.The sun is shining brightly, ________ it's not very hot. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:B
解析:“太阳明亮地照耀着”,但是 “天气不是很热”,前后是转折关系,用 but。
26.I'm going to the park, ________ you can come with me if you like. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“我要去公园”,而且 “如果你喜欢,你可以和我一起去”,表示递进关系用 and。
27.You can take the bus to school, ________ you can ride a bike. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:C
解析:“你可以乘公交车去学校” 或者 “你可以骑自行车”,表示选择关系用 or。
28.He is good at math, ________ he often helps me with my math homework. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:“他擅长数学”,而且 “他经常帮助我做数学作业”,表示递进关系用 and。
29.I lost my wallet, ________ I had to borrow some money from my friend. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“我丢了钱包” 是原因,“我不得不向我的朋友借一些钱” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
30.She is kind and friendly, ________ everyone likes her. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
答案:D
解析:“她善良友好” 是原因,“每个人都喜欢她” 是结果,所以用 so 表示因果关系。
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第16讲 并列复合句
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.分值与比重稳定
近三年来,并列复合句在英语中考中是较为稳定的考点,分值通常在 2 至 4 分左右,占比适中。
2.注重语境理解
题目越来越注重在具体语境中考查考生对并列复合句的运用能力,要求考生根据上下文逻辑和语义来判断其正确形式。
(二)常考题型
1.单项选择
(2024 年甘肃卷)We must get up at 7:00 tomorrow morning, _______ well be late for the train.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
(2024 年龙东卷)Jack _______ his mother likes pop songs,and they often sing together.
A. Not only;but also B. Neither;nor C. Either;or D. Both;and
2.完形填空
I like reading books _________ watching movies in my free time. I think both of them can bring me a lot of fun.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
并列复合句是由两个或多个并列的简单句通过并列连词连接而成的句子。这些简单句在语法上是平等的,都能独立表达完整的意思,它们之间的关系可以是并列、递进、选择、转折等。
“I like reading, and my sister likes writing.” 这个句子中,“I like reading” 和 “my sister likes writing” 是两个简单句,通过并列连词 “and” 连接,构成了一个并列复合句。
(二)并列连词的种类及用法
1.and
表示并列或递进关系
(1)当表示并列关系时,连接的两个句子在意思上是平等的、同类的。
He is smart, and he is kind.(他很聪明,而且他很友善。“聪明” 和 “友善” 是并列的性格特点)
(2)用于递进关系时,后一个句子的意思在前一个句子的基础上有所加深或拓展。
She can sing, and she can dance well.(她会唱歌,而且她舞跳得很好。强调不仅会唱歌,舞蹈能力也不错)
(3)连接两个动作先后发生的句子
He got up early, and then he went to school.(他早起,然后去上学。体现了动作的先后顺序)
2.or
表示选择关系
(1)用于提供两种或多种选择。
You can choose the red one, or you can choose the blue one.(你可以选择红色的那个,或者你可以选择蓝色的那个)
(2)在否定句中表示并列关系,意思是 “也不”。
He doesn't like math, nor/neither does he like physics.(他不喜欢数学,也不喜欢物理。这里 “nor/neither...or...” 结构用于否定句)
3.but
表示转折关系:用于连接两个在意思上相反或相对的句子。
She is rich, but she is not happy.(她很富有,但她不开心。“富有” 和 “不开心” 形成鲜明的对比)
4.both...and...
表示并列关系,强调两者都
Both Tom and Jerry like ice - cream.(汤姆和杰瑞都喜欢冰淇淋。突出两个人都有相同的喜好)
5.not only...but also...
表示递进关系,意思是 “不但…… 而且……”
He is not only good at math, but also excellent in English.(他不但擅长数学,而且英语也很好。强调在两方面都有良好的表现)
(三)并列复合句的语法特点
1.句子结构
每个并列的简单句都有自己的主语和谓语,它们在结构上相对独立。
I like sports, and my brother loves music.(“I like sports” 的主语是 “I”,谓语是 “like”;“my brother loves music” 的主语是 “my brother”,谓语是 “loves”)
并列连词的位置一般在两个简单句之间,连接它们的语义。不过,在某些情况下,为了强调或者使句子结构更平衡,连词的位置可能会有所变化,但语义基本不变。
And I think he is right.(这种情况通常是在口语或者承接上文内容时使用)
2.时态和语态
每个简单句可以根据自身的语境和表达的时间使用不同的时态和语态。
She was reading a book, and her sister was watching TV.(两个简单句都使用了过去进行时,分别描述当时两个人正在进行的不同动作)
(四)在中考中的考查形式
1.单项选择题
考查并列连词的选择:根据句子的语义和逻辑关系,选择合适的并列连词。
I wanted to go to the party, ______ my parents didn't allow me.
A. and B. but C. or
答案是 B,因为句子表达的是 “我想去参加聚会,但是我的父母不允许我去” 的转折关系
考查并列复合句的语法结构和语义理解
______ you ______ your sister can come with me.
A. Either; or B. Both; and C. Not only; but also
答案是 A,因为句子意思是 “你或者你的妹妹可以和我一起去”,是选择关系
2.句型转换
(1)将简单句合并为并列复合句
He likes reading. He also likes writing.(合并为)He likes reading, and he also likes writing.
(2)将并列复合句改为简单句(部分考查)
这需要对并列复合句的语义有深刻理解,通过使用合适的词汇或结构来简化句子。
She can sing, and she can dance.(改为)She can sing and dance.
(3)注意事项
要准确理解每个并列连词的含义和用法,特别是 and、or、but 等基本连词以及它们和其他关联词语(如 both...and...、not only...but also... 等)之间的区别。
在使用并列复合句时,要注意句子的逻辑关系是否清晰,语义是否通顺。同时,注意每个简单句内部的语法结构,包括主谓一致、时态、语态等,避免出现错误。多做练习题可以帮助更好地掌握并列复合句的知识点。
三、课后练习
1.I like reading books, ________ my sister prefers watching TV. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
2.Hurry up, ________ you will miss the bus. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
3.The weather was fine, ________ we went out for a walk. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
4.I want to buy a new dress, ________ I don't have enough money. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
5.Work hard, ________ you will succeed in the exam. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
6.You can come to my party, ________ you can stay at home. It's up to you. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
7.The boy is very clever, ________ he is a little lazy. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
8.I called my friend, ________ he didn't answer the phone. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
9.She is good at dancing, ________ she also loves singing. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
10.Read more books, ________ you will get more knowledge. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
11.It's raining hard outside, ________ we have to stay at home. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
12.You should brush your teeth twice a day, ________ you will have a toothache. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
13.The movie is very interesting, ________ I want to watch it again. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
14.He studied hard, ________ he still failed the exam. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
15.I'm thirsty, ________ I want to drink some water. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
16.You can choose the red dress, ________ you can choose the blue one. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
17.The book is too difficult for me, ________ I still want to read it. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
18.Listen carefully in class, ________ you will learn a lot. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
19.I have a lot of homework to do, ________ I can't go out to play. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
20.My mother is cooking in the kitchen, ________ my father is reading a newspaper in the living room. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
21.The box is too heavy for me to carry, ________ my brother helped me. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
22.You should eat more fruits and vegetables, ________ you will be healthier. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
23.I like playing basketball, ________ I don't have much time to play it. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
24.Be careful when you cross the road, ________ you may get hurt. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
25.The sun is shining brightly, ________ it's not very hot. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
26.I'm going to the park, ________ you can come with me if you like. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
27.You can take the bus to school, ________ you can ride a bike. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
28.He is good at math, ________ he often helps me with my math homework. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
29.I lost my wallet, ________ I had to borrow some money from my friend. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
30.She is kind and friendly, ________ everyone likes her. ( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
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