命题点5 动词的非谓语形式-【一战成名新中考】2025安徽中考英语·一轮复习·精讲册优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 第二部分 语法专题精讲 专题一 动词 命题点5 动词的非谓语形式 2 考点精讲 安徽近10年中考都没有涉及对动词的非谓语形式的考查，但是动词的 非谓语形式在单项填空、单词拼写的题干及书面表达中都有涉及。因此， 考生在复习备考中有必要简单了解这一语法点。 3 考向1 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本构成是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定 式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不可作谓语，但可作主语、宾语、宾语补 足语、状语、表语和定语等。动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式” 构成。如： The teacher told me not to forget to bring my homework. 老师告诉我 不要忘记带作业。 4 1.动词不定式的常见用法 用法 例句 作宾语（常见后接动词不定式作 宾语的动词或短语有prepare， decide，expect， offer， afford， refuse，promise， would like等） I decide to spend my holiday in the countryside this summer. 5 用法 例句 作宾语补足语（常见后接动词不 定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask， advise，allow，encourage， expect， force， tell， remind 等） Mom asks me to go back home on time every night. 6 用法 例句 作状语（分别可以作目的状语、 结果状语和原因状语） 目的状语：To catch the early bus， he gets up very early. 结果状语：Paul is too excited to say anything. 原因状语：I am very happy to talk with you. 7 用法 例句 作主语（1.通常用it作形式主语； 2.若动词不定式位于句首作主 语，谓语动词用第三人称单数） It's hard to improve English in a short time. To help others makes James happy. 作定语（置于被修饰的词之后， 作后置定语） I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. She had something important to deal with. 作表语（常位于系动词之后） To see is to believe. 眼见为实/百闻不 如一见。 8 2.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如： When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.（作主语） I haven't decided when to leave Beijing.（作宾语） My question is how to go to Beijing.（作表语） 9 3.动词不定式常见句型 （1）prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。 如： I prefer to do sports rather than watch TV on the sofa. （2）adj./adv.+enough to do sth.表示“足够……做某事”。如： Our school hall is big enough to hold two thousand students. （3）too+adj./adv.+to do sth.表示“太……而不能做某事”。如： He is too young to attend primary school. 10 （4）It's+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth.表示“（对某人来说，）做某事 是……的/（某人）做某事是……的”。如： It's necessary for us to learn how to cook. （5）It's one's turn to do sth.表示“轮到某人做某事”。如： It's my turn to give a daily report. （6）It's time to do sth.=It's time for sth.表示“是该做……的时候了”。如： It's time to go to school.=It's time for school. （7）It takes/took （sb.）+时间/金钱+to do sth.表示“做某事花费 （某人）……”。如： It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 11 4.动词不定式符号to的省略 （1）在使役动词（let， have， make）及感官动词（see， feel， hear， watch， notice等）后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。但在变为被动 句时需要补上不定式符号 to （let除外）。如： His funny action made me laugh.→I was made to laugh by his funny action. （2）当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需要第一个不定式 带to，其余不定式中的to可以省略。但是，如果这些不定式有对比关系， 则后面不定式中的to不可省略。如： The doctor advised him to drink more water and get enough sleep. They came not to save us， but to control us. 12 （3）help后带to或不带to均可。如： She still works there once a week to help kids （to） learn to read. （4）在表示“除了……”之意的介词 but， except之前，若有动词do，作宾 语的不定式则省略to；若无动词do，则to不能省略。如： I can do everything around the house except cook. I have no choice but to accept the fact. 13 （5）某些固定结构中需要省略不定式符号to。常见此类固定结构有： ①Why not do sth.?“为什么不做某事呢?” 如： Why not go with Tom? ②had better （not）do sth.“最好（不要）做某事”。如： You had better look up the word in the dictionary. 14 考向2 动名词（v.-ing形式） 1.动名词（v.-ing形式）的用法 用法 例句 作宾语 动词宾语 I like playing football very much. 介词宾语 I have no experience in teaching English. 作主语 Getting up early is a good habit. 作表语 His job is teaching Chinese in a school. 作定语 We need a washing machine. 15 2.常见接动名词作宾语的单词 admit承认 advise建议 avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持 mind介意 miss错过 risk冒险 suggest建议 16 3.动名词的常用搭配或句型 （1）be good at/do well in doing sth.擅长做某事 （2）be interested in doing sth./have （an） interest in doing sth.对做某 事感兴趣 （3）be/get/become used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 （4）be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 （5）be worth doing sth.值得做某事 17 （6）can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 （7）feel like doing sth.想要做某事 （8）give up doing sth.放弃做某事 （9）have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难 （10）have difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth.做某事有困难/问题 （11）have fun （in） doing sth./have a good time （in） doing sth.做 某事很开心 （12）have luck （in） doing sth.做某事有运气 （13）look forward to doing sth.期望做某事 18 （14）prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A胜过做B （15）stick to doing sth./hold on to doing sth.坚持做某事 （16）pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 （17）spend+时间/金钱+（in） doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 （18）succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 （19）Thank sb. for doing sth.因某人做了某事而感谢某人。 （20）What/How about doing sth.？做某事怎么样？ 19 1.若动名词位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2.有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，但是意思有所 区别，常见的有： forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） 20 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔（已做） regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 21 need doing sth. （某物）需要被…… need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 22 考向3 分词 1.分词的用法 分词包括现在分词（v.-ing）和过去分词（v.-ed），其常见用法有： 用法 例句 作补 足语 现在分词作补足语，被补充说明 的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语 （即与主语/宾语是主谓关系） I hear my sister singing. 23 用法 例句 作补 足语 过去分词作补足语，被补充说明 的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语 （即与主语/宾语是动宾关系） I had my hair cut last night. 作定 语 现在分词作定语，所修饰的词是 其逻辑主语 Do you know the boy playing football？ 过去分词作定语，所修饰的词是 其逻辑宾语 Please hand in your written exercises. 24 2.现在分词与过去分词的区别 角度 意义 示例 语态 现在分词表示主动意义 a sleeping girl 过去分词表示被动意义 the moved people 体 态 现在分词表示正在进行的动作 the developing country 过去分词表示已完成的动作 the developed country 25 考点精练 1.When class began， we stopped ___ and listened to the teacher carefully. A. talking B. to talk C. talked D. talk 2.You look so tired. Why not stop ___ a rest? A. have B. had C. to have D. having √ √ 26 3.I can recognize the tennis player because I remember ___ him somewhere. A. interview B. interviewed C. to interview D. interviewing 4.—Remember ___ the book to the library when you finish reading it. —OK， I will. Thanks for telling me. A. return B. to return C. returning D. returned √ √ 27 5.Don't forget ___ the windows during breaks to keep the air fresh in the classroom. A. opening B. to open C. opened D. open 6.I will never forget ___ him for the first time. He was giving a speech then. A. meet B. met C. meeting D. to meet 7.The government is trying ___ the wild animals from being killed. A. to prevent B. prevent C. preventing D. prevented √ √ √ 28 8.—I can't learn anything from the job. I'm bored with it. —Maybe you can try ___ another job. A. change B. changed C. changing D. to change 9.“Put yourself in others' shoes” means ___ the people around as possible as you can. A. to understand B. understanding C. understand D. understood √ √ 29 10.Benny felt terribly sorry. He said he didn't mean ___ the rule. A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broke 11.His purpose of writing the report is to make people ___ the danger of letting out nuclear waste water. A. realize B. realizing C. to realize D. realized 12.We were made ___ at home because my deskmate's mother gave us presents and meals. A. feeling B. feel C. to feel D. felt √ √ √ 30 13.The juice is free for the visitors， so they don't need ___ for it. A. paid B. pay C. to pay D. paying 14.Please help me take care of flowers when I'm not here. They need ___. A. to water B. watering C. watered D. waters 15.[2024云南]Our headmaster will invite a scientist ___ us a speech on space technology. A. give B. given C. giving D. to give √ √ √ 31 16.[2024天津]People may use different body language ___ the same feelings. A. show B. to show C. showed D. shows 17.The first forest library in Shanghai makes it possible ___ reading in the natural environment. A. enjoys B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy 18.It's really important ___ and give love and joy to people around us. A. sharing B. share C. to share D. shares √ √ √ 32 19.Jim was the first ___ at the finishing line and Dave was the next. A. arrive B. arriving C. to arrive D. arrived 20.As a lover of Chinese culture， Tina keeps ___ videos to learn about real life in China. A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 21.The heavy rain prevented us from ___ out. A. go B. went C. going D. gone √ √ √ 33 22.—There is a woman ___ for you at the school gate. —Thanks. I'm coming. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. waits 23.He found an injured man ___ in the street and called the police. A. lie B. lay C. lying D. to lie 24.We must get the house ___ during the holidays. A. painted B. painting C. paint D. to paint √ √ √ 34 $$