Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Discovering Useful Structure Unit 5 Languages Around the World Teaching Objectives At the end of this class, we will be able to: 1.Apply the basic usages of relative adverbs of attributive clauses in the real situation. 2.Analyse the structure in/on/at/for +which in attributive clauses is equal to where/when/why. 3.Tell the difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns. 4.Communicate with Jake about Chinese solar terms and write a passage to introduce Dongzhi to a foreign friend Jake. struggle tongue point of view semester Words Review n.&vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 n. 舌头；语言 观点；看法 n. 学期 Speak out the Chinese immediately. Review: What is the attributive clause？ eg. She is the one who you never forget . 定语 从句 结构： 从句 关系词 修饰名词或代词的从句 先行词 关系词 被修饰的名词或代词 引导定语从句 替代先行词 充当句子成分 关系代词 关系副词 who ,whom, that ,which whose when, where, why 定义: 方法：先找关系词- 前有谓，句子完；前无谓，谓二前 There is a girl who wants to see you. The old man whom you saw yesterday is a thinker（思想家）. 划分定语从句 找定从关系词(引导词)步骤： 找到关系词，关系词前面大概率为先行词。 判断先行词是人还是物 划从句:关系词 前有谓，句子完；前无谓，谓二前 分析定语从句结构,看定从中缺什么 缺少主宾,填关系代词,关系词前后有所属关系，缺少定语，填whose,不缺主宾定,填对应关系副词。 定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词 关 系 代 词 关系副词 指 主语 宾语 定语 人 that who whom whose 物 that which whose √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 可省 √ Fill in the blanks with that/which/who/whom/whose. 1. There were deep cracks ______________appeared in the well walls. 2. A quake __________ caused damage was more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. 3. Two thirds of the people ________ lived there were dead or injured. 4. Workers built shelters for survivors _________ homes had been destroyed. 5. People in modern times can read the classic works _________ were written by Chinese in ancient times. which/that which/that who/that whose which/that 限制性定语从句Ⅱ 关系副词的指代及功能 This is the school where I studyed 2 years ago. I know the street where you live on It’s famous place where visitors like taking pictures. 观察先行词有什么特点? 从句中缺少什么成分？ 主 谓 时间状语 地状 地点 地点 主 谓 状 地点 主 谓 宾 状 关系副词 where a. This is the place where (in which) we lived ten years ago. b. The hotel is the one where (at which) I stayed last month. where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点(如place, room, house, area, point, situation, case…)的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。 注意：where 可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如position(位置,境地), stage(阶段), situation(环境), case(情况), occasion(场合)，activity, point(地步)，spot(地点)， 等。 The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in. 事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。 1. That is the place _____________ they met for the first time. 那就是他们第一次见面的 地方。 2. China is the only country ______________________ ______________________ 中国是唯一一个发现野生 大熊猫的国家。 where/in which where/from which wild pandas can be found. 1. I still remember the day when I first met him. 2. It was a time when we fighted for dreams together. 3. Winter is a season when people need to wear warm clothes. 观察先行词有什么特点? 从句中缺少什么成分？ 主 谓 宾 状 时间 时间 主 谓 宾 状 主 谓 定 宾 状 时间 a. He told me the date when (on which) he joined the Party. b. 1949 was the year when (in which) the P.R.C. was founded. when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间(如time, day, year, occasion, moment…)的先行词, 在定语从句中作时间状语, 相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。 关系副词 when 1. I'll never forget the day ______________ I first went to school. 2. I've always longed for the days _________________ _____________________. when/on which when I should be able to be independent Can you tell me the reason why you fail the exam ? I know the reason why you learn the foreign language. 观察先行词有什么特点? 从句中缺少什么成分？ 主 谓 宾 原因 状 状 主 谓 宾 原因 a. I know the reason why (for which) she was so angry. b. This is the reason why (for which) we put off the match. why引导的定语从句表示原因(先行词一般是reason), 在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“for which”。 关系副词 why 1. There are many reasons _____________ people like travelling. why (for which) 2. The reason ________________ was that he missed the bus. why he was late 1. It was a time when people were divided geographically. 2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. 4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 1. Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate? a time for an event a location a reason for an action a location for an action Part II 关系副词与关系代词区别 This is the factory（ I visited last year.） 这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。 This is the factory ( I used to work.) 这是我以前工作过的那家工厂。 【总结】从句缺主要成分（主语、宾语、定语）时用关系代词，缺次要成分（状语）用关系副词 比较下列两个定语从句： that where 点拨运用 判断用关系副词or关系代词的方法：分析从句句子成分 that作宾语 where作 地点状语 关系副词与关系代词区别 原则： 中缺什么就补什么 关系代词，代“名词”，定语从句缺名词用关系代词； 关系副词，做状语，定语从句中缺状语用关系副词。 Eg. 1. Do you remember the days ( )we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗? 2.Do you remember the days （ ） we spent studying together in the classroom? 你还记得我们在教室一起学习的那些日子吗? when that/which 定语从句 3. I don't know the reason （ ）he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 4. We won't accept the reason （ ） you have given. 我们坚决不接受你给出的那个理由。 5.Can you recognise the house ( )you used to live with your parents? 你能认出你过去和父母一起住的房子吗? 6. Can you recognise the house （ ) Tom sold three years ago? 你能认出汤姆三年前卖的那座房子吗? why that/which where that/which 关系副词 句法功能 先行词特征 常见先行词 when where why 状语 表时间 表地点 表原因 关系副词 抽象地点：point, case, stage, activity, position, condition, situation time, moment, day, month, year, period 具体地点：place, house, city, country, world, street reason, excuse Part III when, where, why可用“介词+关系代词”代替 1. when= “介词＋which” I still remember the day.I came to Beijing on that day. I still remember the day when (＝________ ) I came to Beijing. 2. where= “介词＋which” This is the hotel. They stayed in the hotel. This is the hotel where (＝________ ) they stayed. 3. why= “for which” This is the reason. He left in a hurry for this reason. This is the reason why (＝________ ) he left in a hurry. 1.关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句，关系副词可用“介词+关系代词”代替。 on which in which for which 26 1.关系代词的确定 “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句： Do you know the girl with ________ our teacher is talking? 当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句： This is the room in ___________ my grandmother used to live. whom which on which on which with which (on the day 在那天) (on the farm 在农场) (with the money 用钱) 2. 介词的确定 ①根据先行词的搭配关系： 1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met him. 2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you. 3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone. “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 2. 介词的确定 ②根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯 Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10? 2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10? 3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. on which for which for which 二、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 2. 介词的确定 ③根据句子的意思来确定 Air, _________ which man can’t live, is really important. 空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。 2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。 without with “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 ④表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用both/none/some/most...+介词 “of ”+which/whom 翻译成：其中两个都，其中没有，其中一个，其中大部分等 He has two sons, _____________ graduated from Peking University. 他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。 2) Tom wrote many children’s books, half __________ were about campus culture. 汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中一半是关于校园文化的。 both of whom of which “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 特殊结构 Part IV Practice 2. Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause. Then use the phrases to make complete sentences. the day when the place where the reason why the place/time in/at which 1 2 3 4 the earthquake happened I was on holiday the day when the earthquake happened. She works near the place where my friend lives. I don't know the reason why I didn't get a pay-rise. This is the cupboard in which I found Grandma's glasses. my friend lives I didn't get a pay-rise I found Grandma's glasses 3.Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary. When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _____________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day ______________ suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place ______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a diferent point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal __________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason ____________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum! where/in which when/on which where/at which which/that why/for which 4. Ask and answer the questions. A: Who do you admire most? Why? B: I admire … That's the reason why … A: What kind of teachers do you like best? B: I like teachers who … A: What's your favourite place at school？ B: It's … because it is a place where … A: What kind of day makes you happy? B: It's a day when … 1. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. （2019江苏卷） A. which B. what C. when D. that 2. Their child is at the stage ______ she can say individual words but not full sentences. （2019天津卷） A. why  B. where C. which D. what 3. Self-driving is an area ____ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (2018江苏卷) A. that B. where C. which D. when Ⅰ. 实战高考 I.单句语法填空 1）We will never forget the day ________ we flew at an altitude of 6，000 meters in the sky. 2） Finally，we got to a factory，________ many mobile phones of high quality were produced. 3） It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently. 4） This is the house __________ was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 5） I don’t know the reason ________ he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 6） I won’t listen to the reason __________ you have given us. when where where that/which why that/which 7) Gone are the days we used “foreign oils”. 8)This is the spot I first met him when I arrived in Beijing for further study . 9)The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ___ are sold abroad. 10)I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most ___ were from Germany. 11)I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ___ she had come. when where of which of whom where/ from which 12)Do you remember those days __________ we spent along the seashore very happily? 13)She spent the evening talking about the things and persons _______ none of us has ever heard of. 14)As you know, the final exam of this term is around the corner, for __________ I am kind of busy preparing. 15)The accident had reached to a point __________ both their parents are to be called in. 16)Please think up a situation ____________ you can use daily expression. that/which that which where where The Dongzhi falls on the day _____ the northerners have dumplings and the southerners have Tangyuan. Study and Understand The Dongzhi falls on the day. ① The northerners have dumplings and the southerners have Tangyuan. ② on the day =on which =when （关系副词） when During Dongzhi, people will find a place_______ they can eat rice cakes（年糕）and sweet rice wine（甜米酒）. Study and Understand During Dongzhi, people will find a place. ① They can eat rice cakes and sweet rice wine . ② in the place =in which =where （关系副词） where I know the reason _____ Dongzji marks the shortest day and longest night of the year. Study and Understand I know the reason. ① Dongzji marks the shortest day and longest night of the year . ② for the reason =for which =why （关系副词） why Thank You! $$