话题16 科普知识-【一战成名新中考】2025河北中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写培优练

话题16科普知识 【2022课标子主题】①自然灾害与人身安全，灾害防范基本常识：②自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护： ③地球与宇宙探索：④地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展 【常考话题角度】①自然科普及宇宙探素：②生活百科 话题阅读 I,阅读理解 第 Passage 1 April 20,2024,Saturday 课标高频词句 部分 It was a normal morning and my parents went to shoulder blade 1.as usual work as usual.I was left at home with my little 2.My heart was in my mouth. brothers Boo and Seven.Suddenly,Boo shouted that choke Seven was choking(窒息). 3.keep calm 话题读写练 I remembered a first-aid video I'd seen,showing what to do if a 4.examine sb.carefully little one is choking.I decided to have a try accordingly.I leaned (使斜靠)Seven over my arm and started hitting him on the back, 5.in a bad situation between his shoulder blades ()My heart was in my mouth, but I was trying to keep clam because Boo was watching.I phoned 6.in practice 120.Then I continued to give Seven back blows while I was speaking to the operator().The doctor told me that I was doing the right thing and to continue doing it. Finally,Seven coughed up a piece of apple and started breathing again. When the hospital workers arrived,they took Seven to the hospital for a full check by the doctors. After they'd examined him carefully,they said he was fine.They told me if I hadn't acted quickly and if I hadn't known what to do,we wouldn't have taken him home that day. If I hadn't watched that video,my brother would have been in a bad situation.I was so happy because what I learned was in practice. 1.What happened to Seven? A.He was choking at home.B.He was playing outside. C.He fought with his brother.D.He went to work with his parents. 2.凸创新考法Which of the following is the correct order of the writer'said? a.Phoned 120. b.Hit Seven on the back. c.Gave Seven back blows.d.Made Seven lean over his arm. A.cbda B.cabd C.deab D.dbea 3.What can we know according to the text? A.The doctor gave Seven the first aid. B.Seven's brother Boo helped him in the aid. C.The writer was too nervous to help Seven. D.The writer was calm enough to give the aid. 4.What can we learn from this diary? A.It's necessary to watch first-aid videos. B.It's important to learn the first-aid skills. C.It's unnecessary to phone 120 after the aid. D.It's helpful to learn first-aid skills from doctors. 话题读写培倪妹·河北英语 107 Passage2(2024山东东营改编) Have you ever wondered why the camels carry hump 课标高频词句 heavy loads(负载物)across the desert without food or 1.take a look at water for several days?For your answer,take a look at 2.store food and water the bag round hump which is on a camel's back. a camel Camels are the only animals with humps.The hump is like a 3.up to spare cupboard(备用食物柜)where the camel stores food and 4.take in 第 water for days. 部 When life is good,and there is plenty to eat and drink,a camel's hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms.The food is changed into fat()and stored in the camel's hump. When there is nothing to eat or drink,camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps.That's why 话 they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water. 骞 Camels are like sponges().They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes,all of this water goes directly to the camel's blood cells(). 练 Camels save water too.They never know when they'll find the next watering hole.As they breathe out,their noses close quickly.The water in the breath stays in their bodies. After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more,a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight.The camel's hump will become very small.As soon as this camel gets to an oasis( )it will take in hundreds of litres of water.In a day,it will get back most of its weight. Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life. 1.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A.The shape of the hump. B.The habit of the camel. C.The function(功能)of the hump. D.The ability of the camel. 2.Which is TRUE about the hump? A.The hump stores different kinds of food. B.The hump always stays the same size. C.The hump can store more than 130 litres of water. D.The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions. 3.What does the underlined word "trek"probably mean? A.Break. B.Journey. C.Activity. D.Test. 4.Q●创新考法Why does the writer use some numbers in this text? A.To explain the facts more clearly. B.To express the ideas more politely. C.To make the article more educational. D.To make the language more beautiful. 5.What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A.Camels have some amazing abilities. B.Camels are good helpers for desert people. C.Camels have a great quality of never wasting water. D.Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert. 108 话题读写培优练·河北英语 Passage3(2024山东临沂改编) It can be really embarrassing if someone sees you talking to }课标高频词句 yourself.But don't feel bad about it!Talking to yourself actually has 1.talk to oneself a lot of advantages. 2.manage feelings You probably know that thinking is good for the brain.It helps 3.thousands of us do things like making plans and managing our feelings.Talking 4.take part in to yourself loud is like showing this quiet inner(内在的)speech.It 5.a long-term memory can help us do better in different areas like school,sports and work. Talking to yourself,especially in the third person,can help us manage bad feelings."Talking to 第 yourself in the third person is like giving yourself advice,"said Jason Moser,a professor()from the 部 US.Moser uses himself in an example.He does not like flying,but he has to fly often for his work.So when he is feeling nervous or afraid during a flight()he talks to himself,"Well,you know,Jason knows air travel is very safe.And Jason has been on thousands of flights."This can help us to see things 话 from a different aspect especially when we're feeling sad or angry. When encouragement comes from oneself,it adds to self-confidence.A study invited 72 tennis 练 players to take part in some matches.Researchers()put the players into two groups:one group that said nothing while playing,and the other that talked to themselves while playing.They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. Self-talk also helps to improve memory.Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently,reading aloud,listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading.Those who read out loud recalled the information the best,researchers said in their study.It's because the information will probably become a long-term memory if it is said out loud. 1.What is the advantage of talking to yourself? A.Talking to yourself is good for your brain. B.Talking to yourself can make you active. C.Talking to yourself can make you do better in art. D.Talking to yourself can help you have a better memory. 2.What does the underlined word "aspect"mean in Paragraph 3? A.Face. B.Side. C.Meaning. D.Direction. 3.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4? A.Talking to yourself helps to find out the best players. B.Talking to yourself helps to make players happier. C.Talking to yourself helps to make you more confident. D.Talking to yourself helps to improve players'talking skills. 4.b创新考法Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A.① B.① ① D.①②③ ② ②④ ②③④ ④ ③④⑤ ③⑤ ⑤ ⑤ 5.What's the best title for the text? A.The Reasons of Talking to Yourself B.The Influence of Talking to Yourself C.The Wonder of Talking to Yourself D.The Truth of Talking to Yourself 话题读写培倪妹：河北英语 109 Passage 4 What can trees tell us FIRST YEAR GROWTH RAINY SEASON- 课标高频词句 about climate（气候）SCAR FROM POREST FIRE DRY SEASON 1.climate change change? Quite a lot, SPRINC/EARLY SUMMER GROWTH 2.quite a lot actually!But to understand LATE SUMMER/FALL RD球TH 3.over a short/long period of time what the trees tell us,we first Iree riugs have to understand the differences between weather and climate. 4.weather condition Weather is a specific(具体的)event-一-like a rainstorm or hot 5.keep track of 第 day-that happens over a short period of time.Weather can be 6.keep a record of 部 tracked within hours or days.Climate is the weather 7.climate conditions conditions in a place over a long period of time(30 years or more). 8.in the past Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping 话 track of weather in the United States since 1891.But trees can keep a much longer record of Earth's climate.In fact,trees can live for hundreds-and sometimes even thousands of years. One way that scientists use trees to learn about past climates is by studying a tree's rings.If you've 第 ever seen a tree stump(),you probably noticed that the top of the stump had some rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is,and what the weather was like during each year of the tree's life.The light-colored rings represent wood that grew in the spring and early summer,while the dark rings represent wood that grew in the late summer and fall.One light ring and one dark ring represent one year of the tree's life. Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions,such as rain and temperature,they give scientists some information about that area's local climate in the past.For example,tree rings usually grow wider in warm,wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.If the tree has experienced difficult conditions,such as a drought(),the tree might hardly grow at all in those years. L.d创新考法How does the writer develop Paragraph2? A.By making comparisons. B.By telling stories. C.By listing numbers. D.By following the time order. 2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A.The influence of trees on climate. B.The reasons for climate change. C.The differences between weather and climate. D.The history of using trees to learn about past climates. 3.What does the underlined phrase "are sensitive to"in the last paragraph mean? A.Get used to. B.Are easily influenced by. C.Help to protect. D.Make a big difference to. 4.创新考法Which of the following best shows the rings in dry seasons? DRY SEASON DRY SEASOX DRY SEASON DRY SEASOX 5.What is the best title for the text? A.The Life of a Tree B.Tree Rings and Seasons C.The Need for Planting Trees D.Trees and Climate Change 110 话题读写培优练·河北英语On the one hand,some students in our class agree to 二、高分范文： reevcle textbooks.The reasons are as follows.First of How to Keep Our Environment Cleaner all,recycling textbooks can save paper.Secondly,it can As we all know,environmental problems are becoming protect the environment.Finally,it can also develop more and more serious.For example,many people can't use students'sense of responsibility.On the other hand,other the waste well and always use plastic bags,which are bad for students are against recycling textbooks.Because it prevents the environment. students from marking up books.Another reason is that So it is important to keep our environment clean.But students can't make notes on books. how can we realize the goal?Here is some advice on it.To In my opinion,textbooks can be reeyeled as long as we start with,we should reuse and recycle the waste and do a form a good habit to use and recycle the books. good job of garbage sorting.What's more,we must realize the 【实战演练】 importance of keeping our environment cleaner.Besides.we 一、.Waste and pollution become more and more should do what we can to keep our environment cleaner.such serious,which has a bad effect on our earth. as saving water,riding bikes and using cloth bags.Last but 2.We had better use cloth bags rather than plastic bags when not least,we should insist on doing it and never give it up we go shopping. halfway. 3.It's time for us to protect our earth and help build a green 话题16科普知识 home. 话题阅读 4.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment,our city will become much more beautiful. I Passage 1 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B Passage 2 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 5.In order to make our city greener,we are supposed to Passage 3 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C plant more trees and take part in more community Passage 4 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D activities. 第二部分 多模态语篇专练 Passage 1 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B Passage 7 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D Passage 2 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.D Passage 8 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C Passage 3 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A Passage 9 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C Passage 4 1.A 2.C 3.D Passage 10 1.C 2.A 3.A Passage 5 1.A 2.D 3.B Passage 11 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B Passage 6 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D Passage 12 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 第三部分 书面表达分类练 类别1建议/做法类 some books about managing oneself.from which I will get 第1篇 some useful tips. Dear Jenny. Managing myself is a long way to go,but I will keep 话 I'm glad to hear from you.Don't worry.I ean give you leaming while doing. some suggestions on how to solve the problems. 第3篇 读 To make friends.I think you can communicate with your Traveling in Good Manners classmates more often to let them get to know you.What's Nowadays traveling is getting more and more more,join a club or take part in some activities.They are popular.While traveling around,however,we 练 good ways to know more students and make friends with often see some visitors throwing rubbish everywhere and them. hear someone speaking loudly in public places.Such acts,in As for schoolwork,you can ask your classmates or my opinion,not only show the impoliteness of these teachers for help.It can not only help you solve your people,but also disturb other visitors around them and ruin problems but also help you get eloser to your classmates and the beauty of nature. teachers.In addition,it's best to make a plan before studying To avoid these effects.I suggest the tourists put their because it can help you make full use of your time. waste into dusthins and keep quiet in the public. I hope these suggestions are useful and helpful to you. Besides,put up signs to remind people what they should Yours. do.If these don't work well,striet rules should be made to Wang Mei punish those who go against them. 第2篇 第4篇 Self-management is important to us.I think I behave Nowadays,environmental problems are becoming more well in managing myself.I can manage my pocket money and more serious.In order to protect the environment,more well.I have healthy living habits-getting up early and and more people choose to live a low-carbon life.As keeping running every day.However,I sometimes have students,first,we should plant more trees.Second,we difficulty managing my time of study and rest. should also organize activities to sell things we don't use to To better manage myself,I will make a clear plan for my people who need them.Besides,we are supposed to tum off the lights when we leave the room.Then we had better go to study and rest time and surely carry it out.Besides,I will ask my friends and parents for their advice.I will also read school on foot or by bike.Finally,we can reuse water bottles 参考答案·河北英语 39