Unit 5 Working the land Learning About Language 主语从句 讲义 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选择性必修一 U5 主语从句 知识总结 主语从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词词组,在复合句中 充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。 一、主语从句的引导词 主语从句的引导词有三类,即从属连词(that, whether, if)、连接代词(what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever)和连接副词(when, where, how, why)。 1.从属连词 (1)that引导的主语从句 情景导学 That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。 That he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.他在会上一言不发使我迷惑不解。 用法归纳 that引导主语从句时无实际词义,且在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用, 但不能省略。 (2)whether/if引导的主语从句 情景导学 Whether we can arrive there on time depends on the traffic.我们能否按时到达那里要由交通状况决定。 It is uncertain whether/if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不确定。 用法归纳 whether和if引导主语从句时表示“是否”, 只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当成分。 特别提醒 if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句,若用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置,则可以用if 引导; whether可与or not直接连用,if不可以。 2.连接代词 (1)what引导的主语从句 情景导学 What color the door will be painted has not been decided yet.门被漆成什么颜色还没有决定。 What the situation will be puzzles me.情况会怎样令我困惑。 What caused the leak remains unanswered.导致泄漏的原因仍未得到解答。 What he said was brief but significant.他的讲话虽然简短但是意义重大。 用法归纳 what引导主语从句时起连接作用,在其引导的从句中充当定语、表语、宾语和主语, 表示“……的事物”。 (2)who, whom, whose, which引导的主语从句 情景导学 It is still uncertain who will come/which he will choose/whom he went with/whose book it is.还 不确定谁会来/他会选择哪一个/他和谁一起去的/这是谁的书。 用法归纳 who, whom, whose, which引导主语从句时在从句中充当一定的句子成分,表示一定的词汇意义,含有疑问意味,一般在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 (3)whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句 情景导学 Whoever says that is a liar.=Anyone who says that is a liar.任何说那话的人都是骗子。 Whatever he does from now on has nothing to do with me. =Anything that he does from now on has nothing to do with me.从现在起他做的任何事都与我无关。 用法归纳 1)引导主语从句时whoever相当于“anyone +who”或the person/people who, 意为“任何……的人”。 2)引导主语从句时whatever相当于“anything+ that”, 意为“任何……的事”。what与whatever有时可互换,二者区别是whatever语气更强烈。 3)whichever用来表示选择,通常前文会提供选择范围。 3.连接副词 情景导学 Why they didn't come remained unclear.他们为什么不来一直不清楚。 When he will arrive doesn't matter.他什么时候到无关紧要。 How it was done is a mystery.这是怎样做的是一个谜。 Where I spend my summer holiday is none of your business.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 用法归纳 连接副词引导主语从句时,保留了其疑问词的意思,即why, when, how, where分别意为“为什么”“什么时候”“怎样”“在哪里”,在从句中作状语。 二、注意事项 情景导学 What he has accomplished is admirable.他的成就令人钦佩。 What we badly need are doctors.我们急需的是医生。 Whoever made this cake is a real artist.制作了这个蛋糕的人是一位真正的艺术大师。 That she was chosen caused a tremendous stir in her village.她被挑选上在她的村子里引起很大轰动。 用法归纳 1)当主语是从句时,谓语动词通常用单数;what引导的主语从句有时意义上表示复数,这时谓语动词用复数。 2)主语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。 三、使用形式主语 it的情况 情景导学1 It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。 It is no wonder that he has achieved so much.他取得如此大的成就不足为奇。 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,在那场事故中没有乘客受伤。 用法归纳1 为避免头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语即主语从句移到后面,构成以下句式: 1)It+be+形容词+that从句.(It be necessary/clear/true/strange/important/possible/likely/...+that从句.) 2)It+be+名词短语+that从句.(It+be+a fact/a good idea/a pity/a shame/no wonder/often the case/...+that从句.) 3)It+be+过去分词+that从句.(It+be+reported/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/suggested/...+that从句.) 4)It+特殊动词+that从句.(It+doesn't matter/makes no difference/...+that从句.) 特别提醒 “It+be+形容词/过去分词+that...”句型中,当形容词是important、necessary、strange等时, 主语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略;当过去分词是表示建议、命令、要求等的词(如advised、suggested、ordered、required、demanded等)时,主语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。 情景导学2 It is uncertain when he came back. 说不准他是何时回来的。 It was clear that my father already had a plan.很明显我父亲已经有了计划。 It is not clear what they want us to do. 我们不清楚他们想要我们做什么。 It remained unclear when the market would recover fully.仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。 用法归纳2 当主句表示“……是不确定/不清楚的”时,主语从句常用when、why、where、what、which、who、whose、how等引导词来引导;当主句表示“……是确定无疑的”时,主语从句常用that来引导。 即时巩固讲 单句语法填空 1. (2022浙江)It suddenly became very clear to me 　　　　    lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. 2.(2021全国甲)It's said 　　　　    history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. 3.(2021新高考Ⅰ)　　　　     is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 4.　　　　    she could come to help us made us very happy. 5.　　　　    started as a traditional Chinese treatment has become a major health trend today. 6.　　　　     is known to us all that the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. 7.　　　　     you'll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work. 8.　　　　     they will come hasn't been made public—probably tomorrow. 答案 1. how 2. that 3. What 4. That 5. What 6. It 7. Whether 8. When 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$