内容正文:
第14讲 非谓语动词(一)
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.分值稳定且重要
在近三年英语中考中,非谓语动词一直是重点考查内容之一,所占分值通常在 2 至 4 分之间 。
2.注重语境理解
题目不再单纯考查语法结构,而是将非谓语动词置于具体的语境中,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑和语义来判断其正确形式,对考生的语言综合运用能力要求提高。
3.考点覆盖全面
对非谓语动词的各种形式和用法都有涉及,包括动词不定式、动名词和分词,且常常将不同形式的非谓语动词进行对比考查,增加了试题的难度和区分度。
常考题型
(二)常见题型
1.单项选择
通过给出一个完整的句子,在其中某个位置设置非谓语动词考点,要求考生从四个选项中选择正确的形式。这种题型主要考查考生对非谓语动词基本用法和固定搭配的掌握,如动词后接不定式还是动名词作宾语,以及非谓语动词作定语、状语等的用法区别。
2.完形填空
在一篇短文的空白处需要填入适当的非谓语动词形式,考生需要结合短文的上下文语境、逻辑关系以及所给动词的特点来进行判断和选择。该题型更注重对语篇的理解和整体把握,同时也考查考生对非谓语动词用法的灵活运用能力。
3.词语运用
通常要求考生根据所给的提示词,用其适当的非谓语动词形式填空。这不仅考查考生对非谓语动词形式的转换能力,还要求考生根据句子的结构和语义需求准确使用非谓语动词,如将动词原形转换为不定式、动名词或分词形式。
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
不定式是英语非谓语动词的一种形式,基本结构是 “to + 动词原形”(to 有时可以省略)。它在句子中不能单独作谓语,但可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等成分。例如:“To see is to believe.”(眼见为实)中,“To see” 是主语,“to believe” 是表语。
(二)不定式的语法功能
(1)作主语
不定式作主语时,通常表示一个抽象的动作或行为。为了避免句子头重脚轻,常常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)后置。
To learn English well takes a lot of time.(直接作主语,强调 “学好英语” 这个动作)
It takes a lot of time to learn English well.(用 it 作形式主语,更符合英语表达习惯)
(2)作宾语
✦常考察固定搭配,很多及物动词后可以接不定式作宾语,如 want、hope、decide、refuse、agree、plan 等。I want to go to the park.(“to go to the park” 是 “want” 的宾语,表示想要做的事情)
She hopes to become a singer.(“to become a singer” 是 “hopes” 的宾语)
✦疑问词 + 不定式结构
在某些动词(如 know、show、teach、tell 等)后作宾语,这种结构相当于一个宾语从句。
I don't know what to do.(相当于 I don't know what I should do.)
Can you tell me how to get to the station?(相当于 Can you tell me how I can get to the station?)
(3)作表语
作表语用来解释主语的内容或性质
My dream is to be a scientist.(“to be a scientist” 说明 “my dream” 的具体内容)
Her job is to look after the children.(“to look after the children” 表明 “her job” 的职责内容)
(4)作定语
不定式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,通常表示将要发生的动作。
I have a lot of homework to do.(“to do” 修饰 “homework”,表示 “要做的作业”,动作尚未进行)
He is the first person to come here.(“to come here” 修饰 “the first person”,表示 “第一个来这儿的人”)
(5)作状语
✦表示目的:不定式作目的状语是最常见的用法,可译为 “为了……”。通常可以放在句首或句末。
To catch the early bus, he got up very early.(放在句首,强调目的)
He ran fast to get home on time.(放在句末,同样表示目的)
✦表示结果:在一些固定结构中,不定式可以表示结果,如 “too...to...”(太…… 而不能……)和 “enough...to...”(足够…… 能……)。
He is too young to go to school.(“too young to go to school” 意思是 “年龄太小而不能上学”)
She is old enough to take care of herself.(“old enough to take care of herself” 表示 “年龄足够大,可以照顾自己”)
(6)作补语
✦宾语补足语:在一些使役动词(如 make、let、have)和感官动词(如 see、hear、watch、notice 等)后,不定式作宾语补足语。不过要注意,在使役动词和感官动词(不带 to 的不定式作宾补)变成被动语态时,不定式要带上 to。
The teacher made the students clean the classroom.(主动语态,“clean the classroom” 是宾语补足语)
The students were made to clean the classroom.(被动语态,“to clean the classroom” 是主语补足语)
I saw him cross the road.(主动语态,“cross the road” 是宾语补足语)
He was seen to cross the road.(被动语态,“to cross the road” 是主语补足语)
(三)不定式的时态和语态
(1)时态
✦一般式(to + 动词原形):表示的动作通常与谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生。
I hope to see you again.(“to see” 这个动作发生在 “hope” 之后)
✦完成式(to have + 过去分词):表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
He seems to have known the truth.(“to have known” 这个动作先于 “seems” 发生)
✦进行式(to be + 动词 - ing 形式):表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词同时发生。
He is said to be studying abroad.(“to be studying” 表示 “正在国外学习”,和 “is said” 同时发生)
(2)语态
✦主动语态和被动语态:当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者时,用主动语态;当逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态(to be + 过去分词)。
I have a lot of letters to write.(“I” 是 “write” 的执行者,用主动语态)
The building to be built next year will be a library.(“the building” 是 “build” 的承受者,用被动语态)
(四)在中考中的考查形式
(1)单项选择题
✦考查不定式的语法功能:
I'm looking forward to ______ you. A. see B. seeing C. saw(答案是 B,“look forward to” 中的 “to” 是介词,后接动名词,这是对不定式和动名词作宾语的辨析)
✦考查不定式的时态和语态
The book is said ______ into several languages already. A. to translate B. to be translated C. to have been translated(答案是 C,根据 “already” 可知要用完成式,且书是 “被翻译”,所以用被动语态的完成式)
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
✦根据句子的语法结构和语义填写不定式形式
He wants ______ (become) a famous singer. 答案是 “to become”,因为 “want” 后接不定式作宾语。
(五)注意事项
要注意区分不定式和其他非谓语动词(动名词和分词)的用法。例如,“remember to do sth.”(记得去做某事)和 “remember doing sth.”(记得做过某事)的意思不同。
牢记不定式作不同成分时的规则,特别是作宾语补足语时在主动语态和被动语态中的不同形式,以及一些固定搭配(如 “it's + 形容词 + to do sth.”)。多做练习题,加深对不定式用法的理解和记忆,提高在考试中运用不定式的准确性。
三、课后练习
(一)单项选择
1.(2024 广西中考模拟)Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A. go B. going C. don't go D. not to go
2.(2024 湖南郴州中考模拟)Remember ________ the light when you leave the classroom.
A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off
3.(2024 广西贵港中考模拟)—Amy, don't forget ________ your mask when you go out.
—Don't worry, mom. I will.
A. wear B. wears C. to wear D. wearing
4.(2024 四川雅安中考模拟)Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A. relax B. to relax C. relaxing D. relaxed
5.(2024 黑龙江黑龙江中考模拟)Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls ________ some chores at home to help busy parents.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. does
6.(2024 内蒙古包头中考模拟)Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets
7.(2024 黑龙江绥化中考模拟)We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus.
A. prevent B. to prevent C. preventing D. prevented
8.(2024 黑龙江绥化中考模拟)It is convenient ________ us ________ things online.
A. for; to buy B. of; to buy C. for; buy D. of; buy
9.(2024 黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考模拟)—Father, I'm afraid I can't win the English competition.
—Believe in yourself, my girl, and tell yourself ________.
A. don't give up B. not to give up C. to give up D. gives up
10.(2024 贵州毕节中考模拟)Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It's important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A. have B. had C. to have D. to be having
(二)用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2024 江苏镇江中考模拟)The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day. (give)
2.(2024 海南中考模拟)Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room. (turn)
3.(2023 江苏扬州中考真题)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared _______the STEAM Club. (join)
4.(2023 云南中考真题)Today is Father's Day, and I plan _______ a dinner for my father. (prepare)
5.(2023 天津中考真题)David learnt _______ when he was five. (swim)
6.(2023 四川自贡中考真题)Mike, we are told not_______ the phone while crossing the street. (answer)
7.(2023 四川泸州中考真题)What are you going to do this summer vacation? I plan _______ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-old lovely panda in Chengdu. (see)
8.(2022 内蒙古中考真题)Betty, I'm not good at English. Could you help me please? Sure. I'll do what I can _______ you improve your English. (help)
9.(2022 西藏中考真题)It's important for the disabled _______ the ability to make a living. (have)
10.(2022 广西桂林中考真题)They are working hard _______ tigers. (save)
(三)完成句子
1.为了保持健康,我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜。(根据中文完成句子)
We should eat more fruits and vegetables _______ healthy.
2.老师让我们不要在课堂上讲话。(根据中文完成句子)
The teacher told us _______ in the classroom.
3.他停下来去帮助那位老人过马路。(根据中文完成句子)
He stopped _______ the old man cross the road.
4.我希望有一天能去巴黎旅游。(根据中文完成句子)
I hope _______ to Paris one day.
(四)句型转换
1.I found it difficult to learn English well.(改为复合句)
I found that_______ difficult to learn English well.
2.The doctor advised me to take more exercise.(对划线部分提问)
What _______ the doctor _______ you to do?
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第14讲 非谓语动词(一)
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.分值稳定且重要
在近三年英语中考中,非谓语动词一直是重点考查内容之一,所占分值通常在 2 至 4 分之间 。
2.注重语境理解
题目不再单纯考查语法结构,而是将非谓语动词置于具体的语境中,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑和语义来判断其正确形式,对考生的语言综合运用能力要求提高。
3.考点覆盖全面
对非谓语动词的各种形式和用法都有涉及,包括动词不定式、动名词和分词,且常常将不同形式的非谓语动词进行对比考查,增加了试题的难度和区分度。
常考题型
(二)常见题型
1.单项选择
通过给出一个完整的句子,在其中某个位置设置非谓语动词考点,要求考生从四个选项中选择正确的形式。这种题型主要考查考生对非谓语动词基本用法和固定搭配的掌握,如动词后接不定式还是动名词作宾语,以及非谓语动词作定语、状语等的用法区别。
2.完形填空
在一篇短文的空白处需要填入适当的非谓语动词形式,考生需要结合短文的上下文语境、逻辑关系以及所给动词的特点来进行判断和选择。该题型更注重对语篇的理解和整体把握,同时也考查考生对非谓语动词用法的灵活运用能力。
3.词语运用
通常要求考生根据所给的提示词,用其适当的非谓语动词形式填空。这不仅考查考生对非谓语动词形式的转换能力,还要求考生根据句子的结构和语义需求准确使用非谓语动词,如将动词原形转换为不定式、动名词或分词形式。
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
不定式是英语非谓语动词的一种形式,基本结构是 “to + 动词原形”(to 有时可以省略)。它在句子中不能单独作谓语,但可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等成分。例如:“To see is to believe.”(眼见为实)中,“To see” 是主语,“to believe” 是表语。
(二)不定式的语法功能
(1)作主语
不定式作主语时,通常表示一个抽象的动作或行为。为了避免句子头重脚轻,常常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)后置。
To learn English well takes a lot of time.(直接作主语,强调 “学好英语” 这个动作)
It takes a lot of time to learn English well.(用 it 作形式主语,更符合英语表达习惯)
(2)作宾语
✦常考察固定搭配,很多及物动词后可以接不定式作宾语,如 want、hope、decide、refuse、agree、plan 等。I want to go to the park.(“to go to the park” 是 “want” 的宾语,表示想要做的事情)
She hopes to become a singer.(“to become a singer” 是 “hopes” 的宾语)
✦疑问词 + 不定式结构
在某些动词(如 know、show、teach、tell 等)后作宾语,这种结构相当于一个宾语从句。
I don't know what to do.(相当于 I don't know what I should do.)
Can you tell me how to get to the station?(相当于 Can you tell me how I can get to the station?)
(3)作表语
作表语用来解释主语的内容或性质
My dream is to be a scientist.(“to be a scientist” 说明 “my dream” 的具体内容)
Her job is to look after the children.(“to look after the children” 表明 “her job” 的职责内容)
(4)作定语
不定式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,通常表示将要发生的动作。
I have a lot of homework to do.(“to do” 修饰 “homework”,表示 “要做的作业”,动作尚未进行)
He is the first person to come here.(“to come here” 修饰 “the first person”,表示 “第一个来这儿的人”)
(5)作状语
✦表示目的:不定式作目的状语是最常见的用法,可译为 “为了……”。通常可以放在句首或句末。
To catch the early bus, he got up very early.(放在句首,强调目的)
He ran fast to get home on time.(放在句末,同样表示目的)
✦表示结果:在一些固定结构中,不定式可以表示结果,如 “too...to...”(太…… 而不能……)和 “enough...to...”(足够…… 能……)。
He is too young to go to school.(“too young to go to school” 意思是 “年龄太小而不能上学”)
She is old enough to take care of herself.(“old enough to take care of herself” 表示 “年龄足够大,可以照顾自己”)
(6)作补语
✦宾语补足语:在一些使役动词(如 make、let、have)和感官动词(如 see、hear、watch、notice 等)后,不定式作宾语补足语。不过要注意,在使役动词和感官动词(不带 to 的不定式作宾补)变成被动语态时,不定式要带上 to。
The teacher made the students clean the classroom.(主动语态,“clean the classroom” 是宾语补足语)
The students were made to clean the classroom.(被动语态,“to clean the classroom” 是主语补足语)
I saw him cross the road.(主动语态,“cross the road” 是宾语补足语)
He was seen to cross the road.(被动语态,“to cross the road” 是主语补足语)
(三)不定式的时态和语态
(1)时态
✦一般式(to + 动词原形):表示的动作通常与谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生。
I hope to see you again.(“to see” 这个动作发生在 “hope” 之后)
✦完成式(to have + 过去分词):表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
He seems to have known the truth.(“to have known” 这个动作先于 “seems” 发生)
✦进行式(to be + 动词 - ing 形式):表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词同时发生。
He is said to be studying abroad.(“to be studying” 表示 “正在国外学习”,和 “is said” 同时发生)
(2)语态
✦主动语态和被动语态:当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者时,用主动语态;当逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态(to be + 过去分词)。
I have a lot of letters to write.(“I” 是 “write” 的执行者,用主动语态)
The building to be built next year will be a library.(“the building” 是 “build” 的承受者,用被动语态)
(四)在中考中的考查形式
(1)单项选择题
✦考查不定式的语法功能:
I'm looking forward to ______ you. A. see B. seeing C. saw(答案是 B,“look forward to” 中的 “to” 是介词,后接动名词,这是对不定式和动名词作宾语的辨析)
✦考查不定式的时态和语态
The book is said ______ into several languages already. A. to translate B. to be translated C. to have been translated(答案是 C,根据 “already” 可知要用完成式,且书是 “被翻译”,所以用被动语态的完成式)
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
✦根据句子的语法结构和语义填写不定式形式
He wants ______ (become) a famous singer. 答案是 “to become”,因为 “want” 后接不定式作宾语。
(五)注意事项
要注意区分不定式和其他非谓语动词(动名词和分词)的用法。例如,“remember to do sth.”(记得去做某事)和 “remember doing sth.”(记得做过某事)的意思不同。
牢记不定式作不同成分时的规则,特别是作宾语补足语时在主动语态和被动语态中的不同形式,以及一些固定搭配(如 “it's + 形容词 + to do sth.”)。多做练习题,加深对不定式用法的理解和记忆,提高在考试中运用不定式的准确性。
三、课后练习
(一)单项选择
1.(2024 广西中考模拟)Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A. go B. going C. don't go D. not to go
2.(2024 湖南郴州中考模拟)Remember ________ the light when you leave the classroom.
A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off
3.(2024 广西贵港中考模拟)—Amy, don't forget ________ your mask when you go out.
—Don't worry, mom. I will.
A. wear B. wears C. to wear D. wearing
4.(2024 四川雅安中考模拟)Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A. relax B. to relax C. relaxing D. relaxed
5.(2024 黑龙江黑龙江中考模拟)Our school often advises the students, especially teenage girls ________ some chores at home to help busy parents.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. does
6.(2024 内蒙古包头中考模拟)Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets
7.(2024 黑龙江绥化中考模拟)We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus.
A. prevent B. to prevent C. preventing D. prevented
8.(2024 黑龙江绥化中考模拟)It is convenient ________ us ________ things online.
A. for; to buy B. of; to buy C. for; buy D. of; buy
9.(2024 黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考模拟)—Father, I'm afraid I can't win the English competition.
—Believe in yourself, my girl, and tell yourself ________.
A. don't give up B. not to give up C. to give up D. gives up
10.(2024 贵州毕节中考模拟)Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It's important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A. have B. had C. to have D. to be having
1. 答案:D
解析:“tell sb. (not) to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”。根据“when the traffic light is red”(当交通灯是红色的时候)可知,老师应该是告诉我们不要过马路,所以用“not to go”。故答案选D。
2. 答案:B
解析:“remember to do sth.”表示“记得去做某事(事情还未做)”;“remember doing sth.”表示“记得做过某事(事情已经做了)”。这里是提醒离开教室时要去关灯,事情还未做,所以用“to turn off”。故答案选B。
3. 答案:C
解析:“forget to do sth.”表示“忘记去做某事(事情还未做)”;“forget doing sth.”表示“忘记做过某事(事情已经做了)”。妈妈提醒Amy出门时要戴口罩,事情还未做,所以用“to wear”。故答案选C。
4. 答案:B
解析:这里用动词不定式“to relax”作目的状语,说明青少年听流行音乐的目的是为了放松。“relax”是动词原形;“relaxing”常用来修饰物;“relaxed”常用来修饰人。故答案选B。
5. 答案:B
解析:“advise sb. (not) to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“建议某人(不要)做某事”。所以这里用“to do”。故答案选B。
6. 答案:A
解析:用动词不定式“to meet”作目的状语,说明Nancy决定加入课后俱乐部的目的是为了结识新朋友。“meet”是动词原形;“met”是过去式;“meets”是第三人称单数形式。故答案选A。
7. 答案:B
解析:“We should do what we can”表示“我们应该做我们能做的事情”,“to prevent the spread of virus”是动词不定式作目的状语,说明做这些事情的目的是为了阻止病毒传播。故答案选B。
8. 答案:A
解析:“It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. + to do sth.”是固定句型,当形容词描述事情的性质时用“for”,当形容词描述人的品质时用“of”。“convenient”(方便的)是描述事情“在网上买东西”的性质,所以用“for”,后面用动词不定式“to buy”。故答案选A。
9. 答案:B
解析:“tell oneself (not) to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“告诉自己(不要)做某事”。根据“Believe in yourself”(相信你自己)可知,是告诉自己不要放弃,所以用“not to give up”。故答案选B。
10. 答案:C
解析:“It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.”是固定句型,这里“important”(重要的)描述事情“拥有一个和平的世界”的性质,所以用“for”,后面用动词不定式“to have”。故答案选C。
(二)用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2024 江苏镇江中考模拟)The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day. (give)
2.(2024 海南中考模拟)Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room. (turn)
3.(2023 江苏扬州中考真题)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared _______the STEAM Club. (join)
4.(2023 云南中考真题)Today is Father's Day, and I plan _______ a dinner for my father. (prepare)
5.(2023 天津中考真题)David learnt _______ when he was five. (swim)
6.(2023 四川自贡中考真题)Mike, we are told not_______ the phone while crossing the street. (answer)
7.(2023 四川泸州中考真题)What are you going to do this summer vacation? I plan _______ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-old lovely panda in Chengdu. (see)
8.(2022 内蒙古中考真题)Betty, I'm not good at English. Could you help me please? Sure. I'll do what I can _______ you improve your English. (help)
9.(2022 西藏中考真题)It's important for the disabled _______ the ability to make a living. (have)
10.(2022 广西桂林中考真题)They are working hard _______ tigers. (save)
1. to give
解析:“invite sb. to do sth.”是固定短语,意为“邀请某人做某事”,所以这里用“to give”,表示“邀请一位著名科学家做一场关于世界地球日的演讲”。
2. to turn
解析:“remember to do sth.”表示“记得去做某事(事情还未做)”,根据“when he leaves the room”可知,这里是记得去关灯,事情还没做,所以用“to turn”。
3. to join
解析:“prepare to do sth.”意为“准备做某事”,所以这里用“to join”,表示“准备加入STEAM俱乐部”。
4. to prepare
解析:“plan to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“计划做某事”,所以“plan”后接“to prepare”,表示“计划为父亲准备一顿晚餐”。
5. to swim
解析:“learn to do sth.”表示“学习做某事”,所以“learnt”后接“to swim”,即“David五岁时学习游泳”。
6. to answer
解析:“be told not to do sth.”表示“被告诉不要做某事”,所以这里用“to answer”,表示“我们被告诉过马路时不要接电话”。
7. to see
解析:“plan to do sth.”意为“计划做某事”,所以“plan”后接“to see”,表示“计划去看花花(那只可爱的近3岁的熊猫)”。
8. to help
解析:“I'll do what I can”表示“我会做我能做的事情”,后面用“to help”作目的状语,说明做这些事情的目的是“帮助你提高英语”。
9. to have
解析:“It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.”是固定句型,“important”是描述事情的性质,所以这里用“for”,后面接“to have”,表示“对残疾人来说拥有谋生的能力是重要的”。
10. to save
解析:“They are working hard”表示“他们正在努力工作”,后面用“to save”作目的状语,说明努力工作的目的是“拯救老虎”。
(三)完成句子
1.为了保持健康,我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜。(根据中文完成句子)
We should eat more fruits and vegetables _______ healthy.
2.老师让我们不要在课堂上讲话。(根据中文完成句子)
The teacher told us _______ in the classroom.
3.他停下来去帮助那位老人过马路。(根据中文完成句子)
He stopped _______ the old man cross the road.
4.我希望有一天能去巴黎旅游。(根据中文完成句子)
I hope _______ to Paris one day.
1. to keep
解析:“to do”形式作目的状语,“to keep healthy”表示“为了保持健康”,符合“为了保持健康,我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜”的语境。
2. not to talk
解析:“tell sb. not to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“告诉某人不要做某事”,所以这里是“told us not to talk”,表示“老师让我们不要在课堂上讲话”。
3. to help
解析:“stop to do sth.”表示“停下来去做另一件事”,这里他停下来(正在做的事)去帮助老人过马路,所以用“to help”。
4. to travel
解析:“hope to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“希望做某事”,所以“hope”后接“to travel”,表示“我希望有一天能去巴黎旅游”。
(四)句型转换
1.I found it difficult to learn English well.(改为复合句)
I found that_______ difficult to learn English well.
2.The doctor advised me to take more exercise.(对划线部分提问)
What _______ the doctor _______ you to do?
1. it was
解析:原句“I found it difficult to learn English well.”中“it”是形式宾语,“to learn English well”是真正宾语。改为复合句时,“that”引导宾语从句,从句中用“it”作形式主语,“was”作谓语,“difficult”作表语,“to learn English well”是真正主语,即“I found that it was difficult to learn English well.”。
2. did; advise
解析:对“to take more exercise”(做的事情)提问,用特殊疑问词“What”,原句是一般过去时,且“advised”是实义动词,变特殊疑问句要借助助动词“did”,后面的动词“advised”还原为“advise”,所以是“What did the doctor advise you to do?” 。
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