寒假作业05 主语从句 选修一 Unit 5-【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题05主语从句 选修一 Unit 5 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、主语从句的用法 考点二、主语从句应注意的问题 考点三、主语从句与宾语从句的异同 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 主语从句的用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 （一）连接词的用法 1. that 引导的主语从句 ： that 无实际意义，不充当成分，仅起连接作用，用于陈述事实或观点。例如： That he is honest is well-known. （他很诚实是众所周知的。） 2. whether 引导的主语从句 ：表示 “ 是否 ” ，有意义但不充当成分。如： Whether we can succeed remains to be seen. （我们是否能成功还有待观察。） 3. 连接代词引导的主语从句 ： who 、 what 、 which 等在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语等。例如： Who will win the game is uncertain. （谁将赢得比赛不确定。） What you said makes sense. （你所说的有道理。） 4. 连接副词引导的主语从句 ： when 、 where 、 why 、 how 等在从句中作状语。比如： When the meeting will start is not decided. （会议何时开始尚未决定。） （二） it 作形式主语的情况 1. 常见句型 It is + 形容词 + that 从句，如 It is necessary that we protect the environment. （我们保护环境是必要的。） It is + 名词 + that 从句，如 It is a fact that the earth is round. （地球是圆的是一个事实。） It is + 过去分词 + that 从句，如 It is said that he is a great scientist. （据说他是一位伟大的科学家。） 2. 作用 ：当主语从句较长时，以 it 作形式主语，将真正主语从句后置以平衡句子结构。例如： It is amazing that he can speak five languages. （他能说五种语言令人惊叹。） ) （一）单选题 1. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 答案：A 解析：分析句子结构可知，“______ makes this shop different” 是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示 “什么使得这家店不同”，所以用 What，答案是 A。 2. It is known to all ______ the earth moves around the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 答案：A 解析：“It is known to all that...” 是固定句型，其中 “that” 引导主语从句，在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，所以选 A。 3. ______ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 答案：B 解析：“Whether...or not” 表示 “是否……”，这里 “Whether we will go camping tomorrow” 是主语从句，表示 “我们明天是否去露营”，所以选 B。 4. ______ is still a mystery how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. A. That B. What C. It D. This 答案：C 解析：这里 “it” 作形式主语，真正的主语是 “how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids”，所以选 C。 5. ______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A. When B. How C. That D. What 答案：D 解析：“______ you said at the meeting” 是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，“What” 在从句中作宾语，所以选 D。 （二）填空题 1. ______ he will come to the party is certain.（在空格处填入1个适当的词） 答案：That 解析：“That he will come to the party” 是主语从句，“that” 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，所以填 “That”。 2. It is important ______ (keep) a positive attitude in life.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：to keep 解析：“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.” 是固定句型，这里 “to keep a positive attitude in life” 是真正的主语，所以填 “to keep”。 3. ______ we can finish the task on time is a big question. （在空格处填入1个适当的词） 答案：Whether 解析：“Whether we can finish the task on time” 是主语从句，表示 “我们是否能按时完成任务”，所以填 “Whether”。 4. What we need ______ (be) more time and money.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：is 解析：“What we need” 是主语从句，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，所以填 “is”。 5. It is said ______ a new school will be built here. （在空格处填入1个适当的词） 答案：That 解析：“It is said that...” 是固定句型，“that” 引导主语从句，所以填 “That”。 主语从句应注意的问题 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 （一）主谓一致 1. 一般情况 ：主语从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： That the moon goes around the earth is a scientific truth. （月亮绕着地球转是一个科学真理。） 2. 特殊情况 ：若主语从句表示复数概念或强调多个个体，谓语动词可用复数。如： What we need most are good friends. （我们最需要的是好朋友。） （二）语序问题 主语从句需用陈述句语序 。例如：错误的   Where did he go is a mystery.   应改为 Where he went is a mystery. （他去了哪里是个谜。） （三）连接词的选用 根据从句成分和意义 ：从句不缺成分且陈述事实用 that ；表 “ 是否 ” 用 whether ；缺主语、宾语等用连接代词；缺状语用连接副词。例如： That he passed the exam made his parents happy. （他通过了考试使他父母很高兴。） Whether it will rain tomorrow is hard to say. （明天是否下雨很难说。） What we should do now is the key. （我们现在应该做什么是关键。） How he solved the problem is still a secret. （他如何解决这个问题仍是个秘密。） ) （一）单选题 1. That the boy ______ an accident on his way to school made his parents very sad. A. had B. has C. have D. having 答案：A 解析：主语从句 “That the boy had an accident on his way to school” 中，根据语境可知是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时 “had”，答案是 A。 2. Whether he ______ or not, we will start the meeting on time. A. comes B. come C. came D. coming 答案：A 解析：“Whether he comes or not” 是主语从句，从句中用一般现在时表示将来，所以选 A。 3. What they want ______ some help with their study. A. were B. are C. was D. is 答案：D 解析：“What they want” 是主语从句，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，且这里表示一般情况，所以用 “is”，答案是 D。 4. It is strange ______ he should have said such a thing. A. what B. which C. that D. whether 答案：C 解析：“It is strange that...” 是固定句型，“that” 引导主语从句，所以选 C。 5. ______ you will go there by bus or by train is up to you. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 答案：B 解析：“Whether...or...” 表示 “是…… 还是……”，这里 “Whether you will go there by bus or by train” 是主语从句，所以选 B。 （二）改错题 1. Why did he leave so early are not clear.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：are 应改为 is。 解析：主语从句 “Why he left so early” 视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，所以将 “are” 改为 “is”。 2. That he is a good student it is obvious.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：it 应去掉。 解析：“That he is a good student” 是主语从句，已经是句子的主语，不需要再用 “it”，所以去掉 “it”。 3. Whether we can win the game depend on our efforts.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：depend 应改为 depends。 解析：“Whether we can win the game” 是主语从句，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，所以将 “depend” 改为 “depends”。 4. What they need are more books.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：are 应改为 is。 解析：“What they need” 是主语从句，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，所以将 “are” 改为 “is”。 5. It is a pity that you didn't come it.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：第二个 it 应去掉。 解析：“It is a pity that...” 是固定句型，“that you didn't come” 是主语从句，不需要再用 “it”，所以去掉第二个 “it”。 限制性定语从句与主语从句的不同 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 （一）相同点 1. 连接词有重叠 ：都可由 that 、 whether 、连接代词和连接副词引导。如：主语从句 That she is beautiful is obvious. 宾语从句 I know that she is beautiful. 2. 语序要求相同 ：均需用陈述句语序。例如：主语从句 Why he left is unknown. 宾语从句 I don't know why he left. （二）不同点 1. 在句中的位置不同 ：主语从句在句首作主语；宾语从句在及物动词或介词后作宾语。如：主语从句 What he wants is a mystery. 宾语从句 I wonder what he wants. 2. it 作形式主语 / 宾语的情况不同 ：主语从句常用 it 作形式主语后置从句；宾语从句中 it 作形式宾语时，从句在形容词后。例如：主语从句 It is known that he is rich. 宾语从句 I find it strange that he is late. 3. 引导词 that 的省略情况不同 ：宾语从句中 that 有时可省略，主语从句中 that 一般不能省略。如：宾语从句 I think (that) he is nice. 主语从句 That he is nice is clear. ) （一）单选题 1. I know ______ he is a good student. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 答案：A 解析：“I know...” 后接宾语从句，从句 “he is a good student” 不缺成分且是陈述一个事实，所以用 “that”，答案是 A。 2. That he likes music ______ known to all. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：“That he likes music” 是主语从句，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，且这里表示一般情况，所以用 “is”，答案是 A。 3. I don't know ______ he will come or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 答案：B 解析：“I don't know...” 后接宾语从句，“whether...or not” 表示 “是否……”，所以选 B。 4. What we should do next ______ a big problem. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：A 解析：“What we should do next” 是主语从句，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，所以选 A。 5. I believe ______ he can pass the exam. A. whether B. which C. what D. that 答案：D 解析：“I believe...” 后接宾语从句，从句 “he can pass the exam” 不缺成分且是陈述一个事实，所以用 “that”，答案是 D。 （二）句型转换题 1. That he is right is certain.（改为宾语从句） I know _____________________________________________ 答案：I know that he is right. 解析：将主语从句 “That he is right is certain.” 改为宾语从句 “I know that he is right.”，“that” 在宾语从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。 2. I don't know whether he will come.（改为主语从句） ________________________________________ not clear. 答案：Whether he will come is 解析：将宾语从句 “I don't know whether he will come.” 改为主语从句 “Whether he will come is not clear.”，“Whether he will come” 是主语从句，视为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式 “is”。 3. What he said made me angry.（改为宾语从句） I am mad at________________________________________ 答案：I am mad at what he said. 解析：将主语从句 “What he said made me angry.” 改为宾语从句 “I am mad at what he said.”，“what” 在宾语从句中作宾语。 4. It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.（改为宾语从句） We all know ________________________________________ 答案：that the earth moves around the sun. 解析：将主语从句 “It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.” 改为宾语从句 “We all know that the earth moves around the sun.”，“that” 在宾语从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。 5. Whether we can succeed or not. It depends on our efforts.（合并成一个句子） ____________________________________________________ 答案：Whether we can succeed or not depends on our efforts. 解析：原句中 “Whether we can succeed or not” 是主语从句，表示 “我们是否能够成功” 这一概念整体作句子的主语，“depends on our efforts” 是谓语部分，表示 “取决于我们的努力”。合并后 “Whether we succeed or not” 直接作主语，整个句子结构为主语从句作主语的主从复合句，清晰地表达出成功与否取决于努力这一语义关系。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 1 ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 2 ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 3 ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 4 ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 5 ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 6 you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 7 the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 8 impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 9 ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 10 ( plain ). 【答案】 1．broaden 2．crowded 3．stands 4．surrounded 5．is forbidden 6．where 7．in 8．what 9．mountainous 10．plains 【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了游览三峡的路线以及沿途的景色。 1．考查动词。句意：通过旅行，你可以欣赏到美丽的景色，开阔视野。分析句子可知，and连接的是enjoy和broaden两个并列谓语。故填 broaden。 2．考查形容词。句意：夏天，你最好在重庆坐游轮去三峡，因为江油号船通常都是太拥挤了。分析句子可知，本句为for引导的原因状语从句。从句的结构为主系表结构。故填crowded。 3．考查一般现在时。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，且为全部倒装句，本句的主语为the famous Zhang Fei Temple，所以谓语为stands。故填stands。 4．考查过去分词。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，the famous Zhang Fei Temple与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语。故填surrounded。 5．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语smoking 与谓语forbid 为被动。故填is forbidden。 6．考查关系副词。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，the deck为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故填where。 7．考查介词。句意：你可以看到远处的渔民。in the distance “在远处”为固定短语。故填 in。 8．考查连接代词。句意：然而，给你印象最深的可能是巫山县的大宁河。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，在主语从句中，缺少主语，所以用what来充当主语。且符合句意。故填what。 9．考查形容词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。mountainous为形容词来修饰名词land。故填mountainous。 10．考查名词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。flat为形容词修饰名词plain。长江两岸不止一个平原，所以应填plain的复数plains。故填plains。 【点睛】what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句.what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点： 一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所…的”，“…的样子”等. 二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语，宾语或表语. 分析小题8的句子可知，本句为主语从句，在主语从句中，缺少主语，所以用what来充当主语。且符合句意。故填what。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. 【答案】 1．whom 2．truly 3．safety 4．planning 5．themselves 6．has brought 7．largest 8．treasures 9．What 10．to 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。 1．考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。 2．考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。 3．考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。 4．考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。 5．考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。 6．考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。 8．考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。 9．考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。 10．考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。 【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第九小题，为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，故应填What。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous 1 (scientist). Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he 2 (continual) works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim 3 strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, 4 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and 5 (receive) an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a 6 (challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could 7 (find) in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a 8 (high) yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was 9 matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers 30 (expand) their output greatly. 【答案】 1．scientists 2．continually 3．but 4．what 5．received 6．challenging 7．be found 8．higher 9．a 10．to expand 【导语】本文是一篇传记。文章主要讲述了被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平的一生，包括他的出生背景、求学经历、科研贡献以及他对农民生活的深切关怀。 1．考查名词的数。句意：袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。由前面的one of China’s most famous可知，本空用名词scientist“科学家”的复数形式，故填scientists。 2．考查副词。句意：然而，他认为自己是一名农民，因为他持续不断地在土地上工作进行研究。本空用副词continually“持续不断地”，作状语，修饰works，故填continually。 3．考查连词。句意：事实上，他瘦削而强壮的身体就像数百万中国农民一样，他为他们奉献了自己的一生。slim与strong为转折关系，本空用连词but连接。故填but。 4．考查主语从句。句意：然而，最让他关心的是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。本空引导主语从句，且从句缺少指物的主语，用what“什么”引导。故填what。 5．考查动词时态。句意：为了应对这场危机，他选择学习农业，并在重庆西南农业大学接受教育。根据and前的chose可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，本空用receive“收到，接受”的过去式，与前面的chose并列，作谓语。故填received。 6．考查形容词。句意：当时，如何做到这一点是一个具有挑战性的问题。本空用形容词challenging“具有挑战性的”，作定语，修饰question，故填challenging。 7．考查动词语态。句意：袁隆平相信，答案可以在创造杂交水稻中找到。that引导的宾语从句中，主语the answer与动词find“找到”为被动关系，本空用被动语态be found，位于情态动词could后，be用原形，故填be found。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：杂交的一个特征是它们通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。本空用形容词high的比较级higher“更高的”，作定语，修饰yield，故填higher。 9．考查冠词。句意：然而，是否可以培育出像水稻这样的自花授粉植物的杂交种是一个激烈争论的问题。此处泛指“一个问题”，且matter以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种杂交使农民能够大幅提高他们的产出。本句谓语为enabled，此处为非谓语动词，且farmers 与expand“增加”为主动关系，应用不定式，作宾补。故填to expand。 一、完形填空 （2024·新课标II卷·高考真题）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of  Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 10 , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 11 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 12 . These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy. Whatever 14 life in Italy might have, the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle 2．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened 3．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match 4．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised 5．A．course B．barrier C．area D．test 6．A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed 7．A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order 8．A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties 9．A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth 10．A．costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale 11．A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait 12．A．put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for 13．A．signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied 14．A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities 15．A．created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent出租；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with忍受；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认；C. represented代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。 【点睛】 二、阅读理解 （2022·全国·高考真题）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 . ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) 3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · 4 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone 5 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．G 4．A 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。 1．根据上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。 2．根据上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 3．根据下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。 4．分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Remember important dates”（记得重要的日子），所以A项符合题意。故选A项。 5．设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。 【点睛】 三、书面表达 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry." 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Para 1 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure. Para 2 Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一次因风暴延误的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租车前往车站赶最后一班去布拉格的公共汽车。司机冈特不熟悉车站位置，通过电话求助后顺利抵达。到达时作者却发现自己没带现金，尝试用葡萄牙银行卡支付没有成功，而车站的取款机也故障了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。”可知，第一段可描写作者留下冈特的电话，承诺会还钱给对方，冈特同意，最终作者及时登上了公共汽车。 ②由第二段首句内容“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我按照承诺给冈特打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写作者付费给冈特，并向对方表示感激，两人成为了好朋友。 2.续写线索：作者给出解决办法——承诺还钱——冈特同意——作者登上公共汽车——履行承诺还钱——两人成为朋友 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①拒绝：reject/refuse ②给某人拥抱：give sb. a hug/embrace sb. ③记下，写下：write down/set down 情绪类 ①难以置信地：in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably ②开心地：happily/joyfully 【点睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句，that引导的限制性定语从句） ( 16 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05主语从句 选修一 Unit 5 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、主语从句的用法 考点二、主语从句应注意的问题 考点三、主语从句与宾语从句的异同 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 主语从句的用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 （一）连接词的用法 1. that 引导的主语从句 ： that 无实际意义，不充当成分，仅起连接作用，用于陈述事实或观点。例如： That he is honest is well-known. （他很诚实是众所周知的。） 2. whether 引导的主语从句 ：表示 “ 是否 ” ，有意义但不充当成分。如： Whether we can succeed remains to be seen. （我们是否能成功还有待观察。） 3. 连接代词引导的主语从句 ： who 、 what 、 which 等在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语等。例如： Who will win the game is uncertain. （谁将赢得比赛不确定。） What you said makes sense. （你所说的有道理。） 4. 连接副词引导的主语从句 ： when 、 where 、 why 、 how 等在从句中作状语。比如： When the meeting will start is not decided. （会议何时开始尚未决定。） （二） it 作形式主语的情况 1. 常见句型 It is + 形容词 + that 从句，如 It is necessary that we protect the environment. （我们保护环境是必要的。） It is + 名词 + that 从句，如 It is a fact that the earth is round. （地球是圆的是一个事实。） It is + 过去分词 + that 从句，如 It is said that he is a great scientist. （据说他是一位伟大的科学家。） 2. 作用 ：当主语从句较长时，以 it 作形式主语，将真正主语从句后置以平衡句子结构。例如： It is amazing that he can speak five languages. （他能说五种语言令人惊叹。） ) （一）单选题 1. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 2. It is known to all ______ the earth moves around the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 3. ______ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 4. ______ is still a mystery how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. A. That B. What C. It D. This 5. ______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A. When B. How C. That D. What （二）填空题 1. ______ he will come to the party is certain.（在空格处填入1个适当的词） 2. It is important ______ (keep) a positive attitude in life.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 3. ______ we can finish the task on time is a big question. （在空格处填入1个适当的词） 4. What we need ______ (be) more time and money.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 5. It is said ______ a new school will be built here. （在空格处填入1个适当的词） 主语从句应注意的问题 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 （一）主谓一致 1. 一般情况 ：主语从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： That the moon goes around the earth is a scientific truth. （月亮绕着地球转是一个科学真理。） 2. 特殊情况 ：若主语从句表示复数概念或强调多个个体，谓语动词可用复数。如： What we need most are good friends. （我们最需要的是好朋友。） （二）语序问题 主语从句需用陈述句语序 。例如：错误的   Where did he go is a mystery.   应改为 Where he went is a mystery. （他去了哪里是个谜。） （三）连接词的选用 根据从句成分和意义 ：从句不缺成分且陈述事实用 that ；表 “ 是否 ” 用 whether ；缺主语、宾语等用连接代词；缺状语用连接副词。例如： That he passed the exam made his parents happy. （他通过了考试使他父母很高兴。） Whether it will rain tomorrow is hard to say. （明天是否下雨很难说。） What we should do now is the key. （我们现在应该做什么是关键。） How he solved the problem is still a secret. （他如何解决这个问题仍是个秘密。） ) （一）单选题 1. That the boy ______ an accident on his way to school made his parents very sad. A. had B. has C. have D. having 2. Whether he ______ or not, we will start the meeting on time. A. comes B. come C. came D. coming 3. What they want ______ some help with their study. A. were B. are C. was D. is 4. It is strange ______ he should have said such a thing. A. what B. which C. that D. whether 5. ______ you will go there by bus or by train is up to you. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What （二）改错题 1. Why did he leave so early are not clear.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 2. That he is a good student it is obvious.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Whether we can win the game depend on our efforts.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 4. What they need are more books.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 5. It is a pity that you didn't come it.（错误之处并改正） ___________________________________________________________________ 限制性定语从句与主语从句的不同 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 （一）相同点 1. 连接词有重叠 ：都可由 that 、 whether 、连接代词和连接副词引导。如：主语从句 That she is beautiful is obvious. 宾语从句 I know that she is beautiful. 2. 语序要求相同 ：均需用陈述句语序。例如：主语从句 Why he left is unknown. 宾语从句 I don't know why he left. （二）不同点 1. 在句中的位置不同 ：主语从句在句首作主语；宾语从句在及物动词或介词后作宾语。如：主语从句 What he wants is a mystery. 宾语从句 I wonder what he wants. ) ( 2. it 作形式主语 / 宾语的情况不同 ：主语从句常用 it 作形式主语后置从句；宾语从句中 it 作形式宾语时，从句在形容词后。例如：主语从句 It is known that he is rich. 宾语从句 I find it strange that he is late. 3. 引导词 that 的省略情况不同 ：宾语从句中 that 有时可省略，主语从句中 that 一般不能省略。如：宾语从句 I think (that) he is nice. 主语从句 That he is nice is clear. ) （一）单选题 1. I know ______ he is a good student. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 2. That he likes music ______ known to all. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. I don't know ______ he will come or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 4. What we should do next ______ a big problem. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. I believe ______ he can pass the exam. A. whether B. which C. what D. that （二）句型转换题 1. That he is right is certain.（改为宾语从句） I know _____________________________________________ 2. I don't know whether he will come.（改为主语从句） ________________________________________ not clear. 3. What he said made me angry.（改为宾语从句） I am mad at________________________________________ 4. It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.（改为宾语从句） We all know ________________________________________ 5. Whether we can succeed or not. It depends on our efforts.（合并成一个句子） ____________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 1 ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 2 ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 3 ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 4 ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 5 ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 6 you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 7 the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 8 impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 9 ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 10 ( plain ). 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous 1 (scientist). Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he 2 (continual) works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim 3 strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, 4 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and 5 (receive) an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a 6 (challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could 7 (find) in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a 8 (high) yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was 9 matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers 30 (expand) their output greatly. 一、完形填空 （2024·新课标II卷·高考真题）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of  Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 10 , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 11 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 12 . These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy. Whatever 14 life in Italy might have, the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle 2．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened 3．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match 4．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised 5．A．course B．barrier C．area D．test 6．A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed 7．A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order 8．A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties 9．A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth 10．A．costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale 11．A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait 12．A．put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for 13．A．signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied 14．A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities 15．A．created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified 二、阅读理解 （2022·全国·高考真题）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 . ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) 3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · 4 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone 5 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 三、书面表达 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry." 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$