Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元知识点 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 选择性必修二 1 1. severe adj. ① extremely bad or serious severe weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况 His injuries are severe. 他的伤很重。 ② not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb./sth. a severe expression 严厉的表情 She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. 她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。 课中讲练 severe adj. ③ ~ (on/with sb.) punishing sb. in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules a severe punishment/sentence 重罚；重判 be severe with oneself 严于律己 ________ adv. 严重地；严厉地 ________ n. 严重，严重性；严肃，严厉（的态度） severely severity 2. suspect vt. /səˈspekt/ 推测，怀疑，认为 suspect sb. of (doing) sth. to have an idea that sb. is guilty of sth, without having definite proof 怀疑某人（做过）某事 ① The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. ② Bill ____________________（被怀疑是）a spy. n. /ˈsʌspekt/ 嫌疑犯，被怀疑者 ____________ n. 怀疑；嫌疑；猜疑 ____________ adj. 可疑的 was suspected of being suspicion suspicious 4 相同结构的有： __________________ 提醒某人…… ___________________抢了某人…… ___________________通知某人… … _________________ 治愈某人… ________________ 警告某人…… _________________ 说服某人相信… _________________ 欺骗某人… _________________ 指控/责备某人… remind sb. of sth. rob sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth. cure sb. of sth. warn sb. of sth. convince sb. of sth. cheat sb. of sth. accuse sb. of sth. 3. decrease vt. & vi. 减少；（使）变小；或变少 ①会员数减少到150人。 The membership _________ ___ 150. ②家里的零食少了10包。 The number of snacks has _________ ___ 10 packs. ③ The number of members decreased ______ 210 ____ 160 this year. ④ This species of bird is decreasing ____ numbers every year. 这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。 ⑤ People should decrease the amount of fat they eat. to decreased to decreased by from in n. 减少，减少的数量 There has been some decrease in military spending this year. on the decrease 在减少 The birthrate is on the decrease. increase vi.& vt. 增加；增长；增强 n. 增加 __________________ 增加了 __________________ 增加到 __________________ 从A增加到B __________________ 在增加 increase by increase to increase from A to B on the increase 4. defend v. defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth.: ① to protect sb./sth. from attack 防御；保护；保卫 Armed with a long stick, I managed to defend myself against the bear. ② to say or write sth. in support of sb./sth. that has been criticized 辩解；辩白 How can you defend such behaviour? 你怎能为这种行为辩解呢？ __________________ n. 保护；防御 __________________ 保护，防护 defense/defence in defense of sb./sth. 辨析 preserve, protect, defend, guard preserve 重点在保持原样；使继续存活； protect 以掩护物或其他障碍物来避开危险； defend 重点在保护国家或领土； guard 强调人的守卫来避免危险或伤害。 ① Is he really 60? He's remarkably well preserved . ② The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. ③ These regulations were made to protect children. ④ The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland against any invasion. ⑤ The prisoners were guarded by soldiers. 5. gifted adj. 天才的，有天赋的 她有弹钢琴的天赋。 She _______________ playing the piano. (gifted) She _______________ playing the piano. (gift) talented adj. 有天资的，有才能的 be talented at 在......有天赋 have a talent for 有......天赋 任何有音乐才能或喜欢唱歌的人都可以参加比赛。 Anyone who has a talent/gift for music or enjoys singing can participate in the contest. (= is gifted in/is talented at) is gifted in has a gift for 6. blame n. & v. ① Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ___ the alarm clock. ② We tend to blame TV ____ problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds. ③ I don’t know who _______ blame for the car accident. 对比：be to blame 该受责备，应承担责任 be blamed for 因……被责备 ④ She blamed him for the failure of their marriage. =She blamed the failure of their marriage ___ him. was to on on for ① His car on the way_____________ home. (出故障) ② The fire ___________at midnight when all the people went to sleep. (爆发) ③ Did you know that Kate _________with her husband? (分手) ④ The naughty boy _________, “He is right.” (插嘴) ⑤ They decided to ___________ the partnership. (解散 ) ⑥The police ____________ the crowd by violence. (驱散) ⑧ The robber ________________ the prison. (逃离......) ⑨ Scientists say they are beginning to _____________in the fight against cancer. (突破) broke down broke out broke up broke in broke up broke up broke away from break through 7. 与break相关的短语: 8. thanks to “幸亏, 多亏” ① It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work. ② Everyone knows about it now, thanks to you! 表示“原因”的短语介词： because of; due to; owing to; on account of; as a result of ① He ______________ (接管) the company after his father’s death. ② My uncle is _____________ the hospital. 我叔叔掌握这家医院。 = The hospital is ________________ my uncle. ③ What’s the charge ____ the delivery? ④ Delivery is free ____ charge. 免费送货。 ⑤ They charged me $15 _____ delivery. ⑥ He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。 = He was accused of murder. 9. charge n. 费用；主管； vt. & vi. 收费；控诉 took charge of in charge of in the charge of for of for 10. link n. & v. 连接，联系，纽带 ① I can’t link my computer ___ the internet. ② Is there a link between smoking and lung disease? 11. above all 最重要的是；尤其 ____________ 毕竟 ____________ 总共； ____________ 总的来说 ____________ 首先，第一 ____________ 突然，忽然，一下子 to after all in all first of all all at once all in all 15 1. subscribe to ① I have never been able to subscribe to such a strange theory. ② Which journals does the library subscribe to? ③ She subscribes to society which helps to protect animals. _____________ n. 订阅人，订购者 _____________ n. 订阅费，订阅款，订购 赞同 订阅 定期捐款 subscriber subscription 一词多义 ① All children between the ages of 6 and 15 must attend schools. ② We’ll attend to the problem later. ③ She hadn’t been attending during the lesson. ④ Which doctor is attending (on) you? attendance n. 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料 上学 2. attend v. 注意，处理 专心 照顾，护理 3. deliver v. ① deliver a baby ② Would you help to deliver my message to your elder brother? ③ She delivered a wonderful lecture. ____________ n. 递送者；交付人；拯救者 ____________ n. 递送；交付；分娩；演说 接生 传达，移交 发表（演说等） deliverer delivery 4. rise vi. （直）起身，起立；上升，升起；增加，上涨； n. 加薪，工资增长 选词填空 (arise/rise/ raise/ arouse) ① The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west. ② She _______ her eyes and stared at them. ③ The experiment _______ their interest in chemistry. ④ One of the problems ________ from the present situation is that the price _________ sharply, of course, partly because some illegal businessmen _______ it on purpose, which _______ some objections. rises raised aroused arising is rising raise aroused 写作句型仿写 1. 似乎很多学生因为即将到来的考试而睡不着。(It seems that...) It seems that many students lose sleep because of the approaching exams. ※ It＋不及物动词 (seem/appear/happen/matter等) ＋ that从句 It doesn't matter that... ....不重要/没关系； It happens that... 碰巧发生... It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 写作句型仿写 2. 没有什么比健康更重要了。(否定词+比较级+than) Nothing is more important than health. ※ 否定词 (no/nobody/nothing...) + 比较级 + than = 最高级 Mary is the most beautiful girl in the class. = Nobody is more beautiful than Mary. 3. 他听到消息，大笑起来。(连词+过去分词/现在分词+主句) When (he was) hearing the news, he burst out laughing. ※ 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 常见的从句引导词有when，while，if，unless，once，though，although，as if，as though等。 I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. 写作句型仿写 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim发邮件询问你敬佩的科学家。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 人物简介； 2. 敬佩的原因。 Some words/phrases to describe people: generosity(慷慨); patriotism(爱国精神); integrity(诚实正直); thankfulness; courage; forgiveness; loyalty; cooperation; honesty be considered/regarded/acknowledged as; be famous for/as It’s well known that... It’s acknowledged that... achievement; birth; death; graduate from/in 范文背诵 Dear Jim, (开门见山) ____________________________________ the scientists I admire, I’_______________________ brief you on the one I respect most — Zhong Nanshan. In response to your letter inquiring about m more than delighted to (人物简介) Born in Guangzhou in October 1936, Zhong Nanshan is ________________________________ as well as __________________________________. a leading model of society an academic acknowledged universally (敬佩的原因) _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________. Such is Zhong Nanshan, who ______________________ my admiration and respect. Without his excellent medical skills and dogged persistence, China couldn’t have made amazing achievements in the battle against the deadly COVID-19 is definitely worthy of How about yours? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 写作词汇 1. _______________ his honesty怀疑他的诚实 2. __________________ the problems处理问题 3. _______ unjustly 错怪 4. ________ homeland 保卫祖国 5. ______ description 生动的描述 6. _____________ scientist 杰出的科学家 7. ________ competition 激烈的竞争 8. ___________ increase 大幅度增长 请根据中文提示完成下列词块或短句。 suspect/doubt handle/solve/settle blame defend vivid outstanding severe substantial 9. ________ growth 稳步增长 10. _________ movement 爱国运动 11. a ________ child 天资聪慧的孩子 12. establish a ______ 建立联系 13. admit his ______ 承认他的错误 14. under your ____________ 在您的领导下 15. the _________ sun 灿烂的阳光 16. population _________ 人口减少 decrease steady patriotic gifted link fault leadership brilliant 转换词汇 单词派生。 1. _______ vt. 使感染；传染→ __________ n. 感染；传染 2. _________ v. 使恼怒；挫败→ ___________ adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ ___________ n. 懊恼；沮丧；受挫 3. ___________ v. 同……矛盾；反驳→ _____________ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 infect infection frustrate frustrated contradict contradictory frustration 4. __________ v. 干预，干涉→ _____________ n. 干涉；介入 5. __________ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的→ __________ 乘；迅速增加; (使)繁殖，增殖 6. __________ n. 思想；见解→ _______ v. 认为；思考→ ________ n. 思想家 7. ________ n. 阴影；影子；背光处→__________ adj. 阴暗的 intervene intervention multiple multiply thinking think thinker shadow shadowy 8. _______ v. 证明；检验→ _______ n. 证据；证明；检验 9. ______ v. 带领→ ________ n. 领导→ ____________ n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 10. ________ vt. 保卫；辩解→ _________________ n. 保卫；防守；辩解 prove proof lead leader leadership defend defense/defence 11. _____ v. 发现；找到→ ________ n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 12. _______ adj. 极为恶劣的，十分严重的，→ _________ adv. 严重地; 严厉地 13. _______ v. 帮助→ __________ n. 助理；助手→ ___________ n. 帮助 find finding severe severely assist assistant assistance 14. ___________ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变→ ________________ n. 改观；改变 15. _______ adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ _______ v. 净化(心灵); 提纯; 精炼 16. ___________ n. 机械师；机械修理工→ _____________ adj. 机械的；发动机的 mechanical transform transformation pure purify mechanic 词组搭配 根据中文提示完成下列词组、语块或短句。 1. __________ 幸亏；由于 2. ____________________ 接受挑战 3. ____________ 同意，赞同 4. ___________ 患(病); 染上(小病) 5. _________________ 对……有影响 6. _______________ 熟悉…… thanks to take on the challenge subscribe to come down have an impact on be familiar with 7. ________________ 最终地；彻底地 8. ___________ 最重要的是；尤其是 9. ___________ 一般而言；总的来说 10. ____________ 主管，掌管 11. __________ 突然开始，爆发 12. _____________________ 理论框架 theoretical framework once and for all above all in general in charge of break out THANK YOU 36 $$