话题3 个人成长与提升-【一战成名新中考】2025福建厦门中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·教材话题基础讲练（练册）

参考答案·福建英语(厦门专用)　 教 材 话 题 基 础 讲 练 教材话题基础讲练 第一部分　 教材话题基础精讲练 话题 1　 人物介绍 单元考点精讲练 1. as　 2. ①also　 ②neither　 ③either　 ④too 3. families 　 4. rooms 　 5. are 　 6. to 　 7. ① house 　 ②rooms　 ③family　 8. preparing　 9. with　 10. to tell　 11. to / with 　 12. of 　 13. to 　 14. ① told 　 ② speak 　 ③said　 ④ talked 　 15. ① with 　 ② at 　 ③ for 　 ④ to 　 16. to　 17. around / round　 18. on　 19. to be 20. himself　 21. himself 　 22. wore 　 23. on 　 24. in 　 25. ①dress　 ②put on　 ③is in　 ④wears　 26. rides 　 27. his　 28. on 　 29. by 　 30. to 　 31. the 　 32. in 　 33. to enjoy　 34. laughing　 35. from　 36. flying　 37. to speak　 38. of　 39. them　 40. herself　 41. a　 42. for　 43. behind　 44. for　 45. does　 46. helpful　 47. has　 48. like　 49. of　 50. mistakes　 51. ①a few　 ②a little　 ③little　 ④few　 52. beat　 53. won　 54. ①beat　 ②win 55. ①get　 ②arrived　 ③reached　 56. ①message ②news　 ③information 单元语法精讲练 1. helps 　 2. rises 　 3. comes 　 4. leaves 　 5. does 　 6. wants 　 7. The boy / He plays basketball every day. 　 8. The man / He often goes swimming. 　 9. days􀆳 10. students􀆳　 11. teacher􀆳s　 12. mine　 13. of　 14. him 15. ours　 16. her　 17. herself　 18. yourself / yourselves　 19. ① their 　 ② them 　 ③ my 　 ④ us 　 ⑤ our 　 these; those; them; ones　 20. ①This　 ②that　 ③one　 ④it　 ⑤those　 ⑥these / those　 21. at　 22. In　 23. on　 24. in 25. ① on 　 ② at 　 ③ in 　 ④ at 　 first; eleventh; tenth; second; twelfth; twentieth; third; thirteenth; thirtieth; fourth; fourteenth; fortieth; fifth; fifteenth; fiftieth; sixth; sixteenth; sixtieth; seventh; seventeenth; seventieth; eighth; eighteenth; eightieth; ninth; nineteenth; ninetieth 26. first　 27. fifties　 28. ninth　 29. once　 30. second　 31. twelve; twelfth 　 32. third 　 33. twice 　 34. fifths 　 35. Which season do you like better　 36. or　 37. Both　 38. Neither 话题 2　 人物故事 单元考点精讲练 1. rises　 2. raises　 3. lifted　 4. your　 5. risen 6. raised　 7. ①raise　 ②rose　 8. cooking　 9. dealing　 10. in　 11. smile　 12. happy　 13. understood　 14. to　 15. live 　 16. read 　 17. me 　 18. a / the 　 19. away 　 20. are　 21. filled　 22. with　 23. of　 24. with 25. to fall　 26. started 单元语法精讲练 1. was cleaning　 2. were waiting　 3. was taking　 4. was introducing　 5. was watching　 6. The boy / He was playing the violin at five yesterday. 　 7. The boy / He was reading a book at 9:00 a. m. 　 8. seen 　 9. had cleaned 　 10. had planted　 11. had cooked 　 12. had learned / had learnt 　 13. had left 　 14. By the time the girl / she got to the airport, the plane had taken off. 话题 3　 个人成长与提升 单元考点精讲练 1. to be　 2. What　 3. as　 4. What are you going to be in the future / What are you going to be when you grow up 　 5. what does your father do / what is your father / what is your father􀆳s job　 6. to have 　 7. of 　 8. about / of 　 9. for 　 10. was　 11. to solve　 12. could　 13. to　 14. to pick　 15. his　 16. a　 17. to　 18. to keep　 19. to look　 20. so 21. to　 22. to spend　 23. stopping 　 24. on 　 25. for 　 26. of　 27. experienced　 28. experiences 29. experienced　 30. to be 　 31. to warn 　 32. looking 　 33. used 　 34. ① deal with 　 ② do with 　 35. to play 　 36. proud 　 37. in 　 38. of 　 39. that 　 40. to tell 　 41. saying 　 42. To 　 43. to help 　 44. managed 　 45. manager 单元语法精讲练 1. will succeed 　 2. to buy 　 3. to shut 　 4. will push 　 5. to be 　 6. I will go to the museum next Monday. 　 7. It is going to rain soon. 　 8. The boy / He will go skating tomorrow. 　 9. The boy / He is going to play baseball next weekend. 话题 4　 学校生活 单元考点精讲练 1. rules 　 2. ① too much 　 ② too many 　 ③ much too 　 3. in / about　 4. with　 5. trying　 6. washing　 7. waiting 8. healthy 　 9. from 　 10. to 　 11. for 　 12. playing 　 13. like　 14. to　 15. ①listening　 ②sounded　 ③heard 16. from　 17. into 　 18. ①divided　 ②separate　 19. to return　 20. to say　 21. second　 22. for 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 02 教材话题基础讲练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 教 材 话 题 基 础 精 讲 练 话题 3　 个人成长与提升 话题单元 考点概览 语法概览 八年级(上) Unit 6 I􀆳m going to study computer science. 询问职业的句型;sure 的用法;辨析 be able to 与 can;promise 的用法;too 􀆺 to􀆺 句型 一般将来时(be going to) 八年级(上) Unit 10 If you go to the party, you􀆳ll have a great time! 辨析 advice 和 advise;experience 的 用法 情态动词(should) 九年级(全) Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. 辨析 used to do sth. , be / get used to doing sth. 与 be used to do sth. ;辨析 deal with 与 do with; 辨 析 pride 与 proud / 九年级(全) Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. regret 的用法;manage 的用法 含情态动词的被动语态 单元考点精讲练 考点 1　 询问职业的句型(Unit 6 P41) 　 　 询问职业的特殊疑问词是 what,主要有三 种句型: ①What does / do sb. do? ②What is / are sb. ? ③What is / are+名词所有格 / 形容词性物主代词 +job? 其答语为:sb. + be 动词+职业. / sb. work(s) as+职业. 如: —What does your mother do? = What is your mother? = What is your mother􀆳s job? 你妈妈是 做什么工作的? —She is a nurse. / She works as a nurse. 她是 一名护士。 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀦂 􀦂 􀦂􀦂 　 　 　 　　　拓展 　 　 询问将来想要从事什么职业时, 常用 “What are you going to be in the future / when you grow up?”或“What do you want to be in the fu- ture / when you grow up?”。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　1. Wang Ming wants 　 　 　 　 (be) an astronaut when he grows up. He looks forward to going to the space station one day. 2. —　 　 　 　 does your elder brother do? —He is a physics teacher. His students like him very much. (盲填) 3. She works 　 　 　 　 a scientist because she was interested in science when she was young. (盲填) 4. —　 　 　 　 　 　 ? —I am going to be a doctor like Zhong Nan- shan. 5. —David, 　 　 　 　 　 　 ? —Well, my father is a doctor. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 81 教材话题基础讲练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 教 材 话 题 基 础 精 讲 练 考点 2　 sure 的用法(Unit 6 P42) ①be sure to do sth. 一定 要做某事 ⑤make sure 确保;查明 ②be sure about / of 对…… 有把握 ⑥make sure to do sth. 务必做某事 ③be sure that+从句 确信; 肯定…… ⑦make sure of +名词 / 名词短语 确保,确定 ④for sure 无疑;肯定 ⑧make sure ( that) +宾 语从句 确保…… 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　6. Work hard for another several months, and you are sure 　 　 　 　 (have) a good result in the exam. 7. When going swimming, you must go with others to make sure 　 　 　 　 your safety. (盲填) 8. Some people don􀆳t like to make plans because no one is sure 　 　 　 　 what will happen tomorrow. (盲填) 9. I think he􀆳ll be back on Monday, but I can􀆳t say it 　 　 　 　 sure. (盲填) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 3　 辨析 be able to 与 can(Unit 6 P45) 辨析 含义及用法 时态 数 be able to 意为“能够”, 强调通 过 努 力而获 得 的 能力。 用于各种时态 有人称和 数的变化 can 意为 “ 能够, 可以”, 强调 自身已 具 有 的能力。 只有一 般 现 在时( can)和 一般过 去 时 (could) 没有人称 和数的变 化 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　10. Nancy 　 　 　 　 (be) able to play the piano when she was five years old. 11. Working in groups is a good method if you aren􀆳t able 　 　 　 　 ( solve) the problems by yourself. 12. Linda got up early this morning so that she 　 　 　 　 (can) catch the early bus. 13. I think I will be able 　 　 　 　 look after my- self well when my parents are away on business. (盲填) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 4　 promise 的用法(Unit 6 P45) 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　14. To be friends of the Earth, the students prom- ise 　 　 　 　 (pick) up the rubbish. 15. Even though he is in trouble, he still tries his best to keep 　 　 　 　 (he) promises. 16. Once we make 　 　 　 　 promise, we should keep it and not break it easily. (盲填) 17. There is no need to worry about it. I promise it 　 　 　 　 you. (盲填) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 5　 too􀆺 to􀆺 句型(Unit 6 P45) ▶too+ adj. / adv. ( +for sb. ) +to do sth. 意为“太 ……而不能做某事”。 如: He􀆳s too busy to write to me. 他太忙了,没时间 给我写信。 ▶too􀆺 to􀆺可转换为 so􀆺 that􀆺(从句用否定 形式)或 not􀆺 enough to do sth. ,not 后的形容 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　18. We were too tired 　 　 　 　 ( keep) climb- ing, so we rested under a tree for about half an hour. 19. Don􀆳t worry about your children. They are old enough 　 　 　 　 ( look) after themselves well. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 91 教材话题基础讲练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 教 材 话 题 基 础 精 讲 练 词为 too 后形容词的反义词。 如: The problem is too difficult for me to work out. = The problem is so difficult that I can􀆳t work it out. = The problem isn􀆳t easy enough for me to work out. 这道题太难,我解不出来。 20. The movie last night was 　 　 　 　 boring that Steven nearly fell asleep halfway through it. (盲填) 21. The little child is too young 　 　 　 　 dress himself. His mother helps him every morning. (盲填) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 6　 辨析 advice 和 advise(Unit 10 P77)(2022. 25) 名词 advice 的常见搭配 动词 advise 的常见搭配 ①a piece of advice 一条 建议 ② ask sb. for advice 向 某人寻求建议 ③give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议 ④take / follow one􀆳s advice 采纳 / 听取某人的建议 ①advise doing sth. 建议 做某事 ②advise sb. ( not) to do sth. 建议某人(不要) 做某事 ③advise sb. on / about sth. 就某事给某人建议 ④advise that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事 注:advice 和 suggestion 都意为“建议”,但 advice 为 不可数名词,suggestion 为可数名词。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　22. My father advised me 　 　 　 　 ( spend) at least one hour taking exercise every day to keep healthy. 23. At celebrations, the government advised 　 　 　 　 (stop) setting off fireworks to reduce air pollution. 24. Mr. Smith gave me some advice 　 　 　 　 how to improve my writing yesterday. (盲填) 25. Mike􀆳s ideas are always different from ours, and we all like to ask him 　 　 　 　 advice. (盲填) 26. Our teacher gave us a piece 　 　 　 　 advice on how to realize our beautiful dreams. (盲填) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 7　 experience 的用法(Unit 10 P77) 27. David 　 　 　 　 ( experience) some difficul- ties in solving the problem, but he finally made it. 28. I love travelling because it can bring me different 　 　 　 　 (experience) and feelings. 29. Lily has 　 　 　 　 ( experience) many chal- lenges in her life, but she always manages to overcome them. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 8　 辨析 used to do sth. , be / get used to doing sth. 与 be used to do sth. (Unit 4 P25) 辨析 含义及用法 used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”,只用于 一般过去时。 be / get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”,可用于多 种时态。 be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”,是被动语 态,可用于多种时态, 相当于 be used for doing sth. 。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　30. My grandma always tells me stories about the past and how things used 　 　 　 　 (be). 31. This sign is used 　 　 　 　 (warn) tourists to stay away from the lions in the zoo. 32. The boy􀆳s parents are busy, so he is used to 　 　 　 　 (look) after himself. 33. Eric 　 　 　 　 ( use ) to like collecting stamps, but now he likes collecting coins. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 02 教材话题基础讲练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 教 材 话 题 基 础 精 讲 练 考点 9　 辨析 deal with 与 do with(Unit 4 P27) 辨析 含义 用法 deal with 应对;处理 强调处理的方式、方法,常 与疑问词 how 连用。 do with 处理;安置 强调处理的对象,常与疑问 词 what 连用。 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　34. 用 deal with, do with填空 The question is everywhere in life, so you need to learn how to ①　 　 　 　 it wisely. You can􀆳t stop what people say. However, you have the right to decide what to ②　 　 　 　 it. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 10　 辨析 pride 与 proud(Unit 4 P30) 辨析 词性 含义 常用短语或搭配 pride 名词 自豪; 骄傲 take pride in􀆺 为……感 到自豪 the pride of 􀆺 ……的骄 傲 proud 形容词 自豪的; 骄傲的 be proud of 􀆺 为……感 到自豪 be proud to do sth. 做某 事很自豪 be proud that 􀆺 很 自 豪…… 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　35. All the players are proud 　 　 　 　 (play) for their countries and they hope they can win. 36. The little boy is 　 　 　 　 ( pride) to be a member of the school basketball team. 37. We took pride 　 　 　 　 ourselves when we succeeded in reaching the top of the moun- tain. (盲填) 38. Our parents are proud 　 　 　 　 us because we have become more independent. (盲填) 39. We are proud 　 　 　 　 China has successful- ly sent astronauts into space several times. (盲填) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 11　 regret 的用法(Unit 7 P51) 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　40. I regret 　 　 　 　 ( tell) you that you failed this time. But you can have another try next month. 41. I really regret 　 　 　 　 ( say) these silly words to my best friend Catherine. I am going to say sorry to her. 42. 　 　 　 　 my regret, I didn􀆳t take my mother􀆳s advice when I made the decision. (盲填) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 考点 12　 manage 的用法(Unit 7 P52) 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　43. Over the past years, Zhang Guimei has man- aged 　 　 　 　 (help) thousands of girls re- ceive education. 44. Betty 　 　 　 　 ( manage) to work out the physics problem though it was difficult. 45. When I was a child, I dreamed of being a 　 　 　 　 (manage) in a big company in the future. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 12 教材话题基础讲练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 教 材 话 题 基 础 精 讲 练 单元语法精讲练 语法 1　 一般将来时(看图写话:8 年 3 考) 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　1. 结构: (1)主语+will / shall+动词原形( +表语 / 宾语) (2)主语+am / is / are going to+动词原形( +表语 / 宾语) 2. 标志词: (1)tomorrow, soon (2)next week / month(next 系列) (3)in a week, in 2030, in+一段时间 (4)one day, in the (near) future 3. 常见用法及例句: (1)表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状 态。 如: They will leave for Shanghai next week. (2)表示某种必然的趋势。 如: Fish will die without water. (3) be going to +动词原形,表示计划、打算做某 事,表示已决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某 种迹象表明要发生的事情。 如: What are you going to do next Sunday? ( 计 划) Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. (客观现象) (4)“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形” 结构也可表示即将发生的动作。 如: The train is about to leave. (5)主将从现。 (具体讲解见话题 1　 人物介绍 一般现在时。) 【即时小练】 1. Believe in yourself. If you keep working hard, you 　 　 　 　 (succeed) someday. 2. Mother􀆳s Day is coming. I am going 　 　 　 　 (buy) a gift for my mother. 3. He was about 　 　 　 　 ( shut) the door when an idea came into his mind. 4. The arrival of ChatGPT 　 　 　 　 ( push ) teachers to focus more on teaching methods in the future. 5. There is going 　 　 　 　 (be) a wonderful mov- ie and I would like to watch it with my friends tomorrow afternoon. 6. next Monday 　 　 　 　 7. soon 8. tomorrow 　 　 　 　 　 9. next weekend 6. 　 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀦂 􀦂 􀦂􀦂 其他语法链接 2. 情态动词的基本用法【见话题 11】 3. 含情态动词的被动语态【见话题 15】 22