期末考试核心考点归纳 -江苏省南京市2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

2024到2025年度南京市 8年级上学期期末考试核心考点归纳 一、 复合词 Creating new words We can put two words together to create new words. They are called compound words. 序号 合成词 中文 1 grand daughter granddaughter 2 son grandson 3 black board blackboard 4 notice noticeboard 5 week day weekday 6 end weekend 7 head ache headache 8 tooth toothache 9 book shop book 10 class room classroom 11 country side countryside 12 gentle man gentleman 13 house work housework 14 news paper newspaper 15 pan cake pancake 烙饼 16 super market supermarket 1. In the words unhappy and unusual, the un- means . A. very B. most C. not D. less 2、The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco. The USA. Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark? A. unpleasant B. useless C. summertime D.surprising 3. We can add er to the following words to form nouns for people EXCEPT______. A. speak B. play C. visit D. farm 4. Which of the following words is created in the same way as pancake? A. impolite B. surface C. German D. playground 5. We can add a suffix to some words to form new words. Both operation and ___________ are formed in the same way. A. treatment B. toothache C. unusual D. transport 6.In the words careless and useless, the “-less” means ? A. not B. very C. without D. full 7. Which “-ly” of the following words is in the same way as lovely? A. carefully B. peacefully C. friendly D. quickly 8.--Sandy, you'd better your notes before you do your homework every evening. …OK，I will，mum. A. look through B. look out C. look after D. look around 9-.—What a heavy rain! When did it start? —It started at about seven this morning. I ______ the newspaper at home then. A. read B. will read C. have read D. was reading 答案CCCDA CCAD 二、名词转换 形容词变成名词 -ness 形容词 名词 中文 例句 kind kindness thank you for your kindness sick sickness ill illness sad sadness happy happiness have feelings of happiness and sadness dark darkness important importance 动词变成名词 -ion 动词 名词 中文 例句 act action pollute pollution protect protection need our protection invite invitation accept our invitation operate operation 手术 discuss discussion 讨论 have a discussion decide decision 决定 make a decision apply application 申请，运用 direct direction 方向 run in all directions    ing  begin beginning   shop shopping   meet meeting   feel  feeling mean meaning hunt hunting because of hunting paint painting shake shaking 名词用法 1. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. 及物动词+名词 show interest in 3. 介词+名词 because of hunting 4. 冠词+名词 the weight of 5. 形容词+名词 6. 形容词物主代词+名词 构词法 + e r 序号 动词 名词 中文 例句 1 speak speaker 2 play player 3 report reporter 记者 4 farm farmer 5 paint painter 6 work worker 7 drive driver 8 write writer 9 win winner + o r 序号 动词 名词 中文 例句 1 visit visitor 2 act actor 3 direct director 导演 4 invent inventor 发明家 + ist 序号 名词 中文 例句 1 science scientist 2 art artist an artist 3 tour tourist 4 piano pianist 三、转变成形容词 序号 名词 形容词 副词 补充 1 cloud cloudy It will turn more cloudy in the evening. 2 wind windy The wind is blowing hard 3 rain rainy The sudden heavy rain causes a lot of problems. 4 snow snowy 5 sun sunny 6 fog foggy heavy /thick fog 7 luck lucky luckily 8 health healthy healthily 9 sleep sleepy feel sleepy 10 shine shiny 11 noise noisy noisily 12 fun funny 13 nature natural 14 sleep asleep fall asleep fell asleep 15 silence silent keep silent 四、副词 对比 序号 连词 副词 中文 例句 1 but however 然而 3 so therefore=as a result 由此 4 moreover/furthermore/ besides/also/what’s more 此外 5 or otherwise 否则 6 instead 反而 1.He studies very hard._____, he still can’t do well in his lessons A. However. B.Moreover. C. Otherwise. D.So. 2.Trees can help reduce air pollution.____, they can make city cooler in hot summer A.However. B.Moreover. C. Otherwise. D.Especially. 3. Walking to school is a good way to exercise. ______,it is a green lifestyle. A.However. B.Moreover. C. Otherwise. D.Instead 答案 ABB 序号 形容词 副词 中文 搭配 1 sad sadly 令人遗憾地，不幸地；伤心地 Sadly, 2 main mainly live mainly on 3 slow slowly 4 clear clearly 5 easy easily 6 nearly 几乎，将近 五、辨析 序号 1 a bit +形容词 a bit cold =a little cold =a little bit cold 2 a bit of+不可数 a bit of money 3 not a bit= not at all She is not a bit tired.(=She is not tired at all.)她一点都不累. 4 a little +形容词 a little cold a little+不可数 a little money=a bit of money rise vi The price has risen The temperature will rise to … 气温将上升到… 不及物，后面不能跟宾语 raise vt They have raised the price 及物，后面要能跟宾语 筹集 raise money for 饲养，抚养 raise cows/children bring up 升起 raise the national flag 1.CCTV reported that pork prices will ▲ (上升) by more than 70% in the second half of this year 答案rise 六、补充词汇 序号 英文 中文 例句 补充 1 victim 受害者 2 emergency 紧急情况 3 situation 形势 4 frightened 恐惧的 5 endangered 濒临灭绝的 6 die out 灭绝 7 last 持续 七、数词  考点一： around置于数词前表示“大约”。 The temperature will be around 7C.   考点二：one of后要跟名词的复数形式，形容词的最高级。 It is one of the world’s most important wetlands.  考点三： with temperatures in the thirties气温三十多度 考点四：thousands of 表示“数千”。hundreds of表示“数百”。如果hundred和thousand前面有数字，则后面的s和of都要去掉。 The earthquake in Taiwan killed thousands of people. There are two thousand students in our school. The temperatures are in the _______ (twenty). You needn’t wear such a warm coat. 答案twenties 八、不规则动词过去式 序号 原形 过去式 例句 1 beat beat 2   blow blew 3 break broke 4 catch caught 5 drop dropped 6    fall fell 7 feel felt 8 hear heard 9 hit hit 10   hurt hurt 11 lead led 12 mean meant 13 mop mopped 14 rise rose 15 .ring rang 16  shake shook 17 shine shone 18 throw threw 九、冠词 an awful day 十、交际用语 1. No way. 2. What a pity! / What a shame!多可惜/遗憾的事啊 3.this is...speaking. 4.How are you doing/going?=How are you ？ 5.I’ll ring you later 十一、提问 1. How much did he weigh? 2. What is the weight of..? 3.   How is the weather in Nanjing? = what is the weather in Nanjing like? 4. He took a notebook with him to write down what he saw.（对画线部分提问） ▲ ▲ he take a notebook with him? Why did 十二、五种基本句型 The basic parts of a sentence are the subject(S), the verb(V) and the object(O). Usually a statement begins with the subject and the verbs. We divide verbs into three kinds: intransitive verbs(vi),transitive verbs(vt) and linking verbs(linking v) An intransitive verb doesn’t take an object A transitive verb takes an object A linking verb links the subject and the adjective phrase or noun phrase that describe it The complement can also follow a direct object to rename or describe it. In this case, it is called the object complement(OC) We can add an adverbial to each of the above five main structures. We use an adverbial to show when,where or how an action is done. 序号 英文 缩写 中文 例句 补充 1 structure 结构 2 intransitive verb vi 不及物动词 3 transitive verb vt 及物动词 4 linking verb linking v 系动词 5 verb V 6 subject S 主语 7 object O 宾语、物体、反对 8 direct object DO 直接宾语 9 indirect object IO 间接宾语 10 complement 补足语 11 object complement OC 宾语补足语 12 predicative P 表语 13 adverbial 状语 14 phrase 词组 15 divide ... into 把...分成 The introduction of five basic sentence structures (五大基本句子结构介绍） 结构 英文缩写 例句 常见动词 备注 主语+谓语 S+V The boy laughed. Peter is swimming in the pool now The children are playing in the park.  谓语动词均为不及物动词，后面不跟宾语，但可跟时间、地点、方式等状语。 主语+谓语+宾语 S+V+O He plays the violin very well. No one will look after you. She started to eat bamboo shoots and leaves 不定式作宾语 He enjoys listening to music ing做宾语 主语+连系动词+表语 S+V+P She is a doctor. Be, keep, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn, fall, get 这里的动词都为连系动词。 She became a lawyer last yea 名词做表语 Giant pandas are in danger now. 介词短语做表语 The music sounds beautiful 形容词做表语 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+IO+DO I gave her a present. give, bring, show, pass, buy, make, tell, ask, get, teach, write, sing, lend, hand, sell, cost, pay 通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据需要，间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+DO+OC We call him Jack. They named the girl Susan 名词作宾补 We find English easy His words made me happy (形容词作宾补) I advised my cousin to take a course 不定式作宾补 I often hear him sing 省略to的不定式作宾补 I heard him singing ing做宾补 1.call sb sth S+V+DO+OC 2.give sb sth S+V+IO+DO 1. Which of the following sentences is different from the others in the sentence structure? A. Tommy often tells us funny stories after class. B. Mr. Wang taught himself Japanese at university. C. My mother always makes me stay at home at weekends. D. The meeting gives everyone a chance to express their ideas 2.. Which of the following sentences has a different sentence structure from the other three? A. We have four seasons. B. Ice cream tastes nice. C. Spring is warm and sunny. D. Autumn leaves turn brown. 答案CA 十三、转换 1.all year round = the whole year 2.provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 3.in the beginning= at first 4.right away =at once=/immediately立刻 5.the same height as= as high as 6.when sb. was born / at birth 7.get lost=lose one’s way=lose oneself 8..at 4 years old =at the age of 4 =When it was 4 years old, 9.not… any more=no more 10   on one’s own= by oneself= alone  11.be full of=be filled with 12.cause=lead to 13.as...as possible= as...as sb can 14.at last =in the end=finally 15.cover our mouth and nose with a wet towel =use a wet towel to cover our mouth and nose用一块湿毛巾捂住我们的嘴和鼻子 16.My car broke down because of the heavy rain.= My car went wrong because it rained heavily.因为大雨，我的车抛锚了。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$