精品解析：广东省深圳市格致中学2024-2025学年高二上学期中英语试题

深圳市格致中学2024—2025学年第一学期第二次段考 高二年级英语试题 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，留存试卷，交回答题卡。 第一部分 基础知识(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。分析句子可知，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所属关系，所以关系代词为whose。故选C项。 2. Alice received an invitation from her boss in London, ________ came as a surprise when she stayed in New York. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Alice在纽约时，收到了在伦敦的老板的请柬，这让她很惊讶。句子分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，指代先行词“an invitation”，应用关系代词which引导。故选A。 3. The theory, ____ my opinions are based, consists of three parts. A. on which B. in which C. on that D. which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的观点所依据的理论包括三个部分。句中my opinions are based修饰theory，是一个非限制性定语从句；从句中固定搭配“be based on”表示“以…为基础”，后接关系词所指代的先行词theory，即my opinions are based on the theory；介词后不能用连词that，所以用which指代the theory。定语从句中句末的介词可以提前，所以就变成了on which my opinion are based。故此题选A。 4. The poor old man eventually learned to avoid ________ into buying unnecessary stuff. A. talked B. being talked C. talking D. to talk 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个可怜的老人最终学会了避免被说服去买不必要的东西。短语：avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，据此可排除A、D选项；另句子主语the poor old man 与动词短语talk into为动宾关系，短语：talk into“说服（某人）做（某事）”，所以此处用动名词的被动式，故选B。 5. Above all, I have come to understand that ______ appreciation to competitors is showing our respect. A. express B. expressed C. expressing D. being expressed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：最重要的是，我开始明白，对竞争对手表示感谢就是表示我们的尊重。在that引导的宾语从句中缺少主语，所以为动名词短语作主语，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故选C项。 6. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。故B正确。 7. He prefers ________ at home ________ out because he can control the ingredients and portion sizes. A. to cook; to eat B. to cook; to eating C. cooking; to eat D. cooking; to eating 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他更喜欢在家做饭，而不是外出就餐，因为他可以控制食材和分量。prefer doing...to doing...意为“宁愿做……而不是做……”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 8. Unlike texts and videos, e-sports are popular around the world, with the barriers of language ______ down. A. broken B. to break C. being broken D. breaking 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与文字和视频不同，电子竞技在世界各地都很受欢迎，语言的障碍被打破了。此处使用with的复合结构，the barriers of language和break之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 9. He ________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. had learned B. would have learned C. will learn D. has learned 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他15岁进入大学时，他已经学了超过5000个英语单词。空处在句中为主句的谓语，结合时间状语从句“when he entered the university at the age of 15”可知，他在上大学的时候，学到的单词已经超过了5000，所以表示的是过去之过去，因此空处的时态为过去完成时。故选A。 10. At present, urban electricity system remains unstable, UPS should be used to ______ uninterrupted electric power supply. A. illuminate B. compose C. guarantee D. examine 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，城市电力系统仍然不稳定，需要使用UPS来保证不间断供电。A. illuminate照亮；B. compose组成；C. guarantee保证；D. examine检查。根据句意以及“UPS should be used ”可知，此处为动词guarantee“保证”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 11. My daughter’s abilities have been greatly improved, including her physical strength, ______ patience and the ability to bear stress. A. qualification B. ingredient C. endurance D. disgrace 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我女儿的能力有了很大的提高，包括她的体力、耐心和承受压力的能力。A. qualification资格；B. ingredient成分；C. endurance耐力；D. disgrace丢脸。提到的是身体和心理方面的能力，耐心和承受压力的能力意味着需要耐力，本空用名词endurance。故选C。 12. When you talk about ________ things, people can understand you better if you draw concrete examples. A. abstract B. massive C. dedicate D. primitive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你谈论抽象的事情时，如果你举出具体的例子，人们就能更好地理解你。A. abstract抽象的；B. massive大量的，巨大的；C. dedicate奉献的，供献的；D. primitive原始的，远古的。根据“people can understand you better if you draw concrete examples.”可知，谈论的是抽象的事物。故选A。 13. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________. A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：布莱恩医生建议杰里吃点酸的东西来刺激他的食欲，他说柠檬会有效果。A. come to life苏醒，活跃起来；B. burst onto突然出现；C. bring out出版，生产，使显示；D. do the trick奏效，起作用。根据“Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) ”可知，布莱恩医生说柠檬会起到刺激食欲的作用。故选D。 14. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all. A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当面试官问我未来的计划时，我很尴尬，因为我完全不知道。A. told off斥责；数落；B. brought into focus成为焦点；受到关注；C. put on the spot处于难堪境地；使尴尬；D. let down使失望；辜负。根据“because I had no idea at all.”可知，因为回答不了面试官的问题而感到尴尬。故选C。 15. The coach emphasized the importance of ______ their shooting skills during practice sessions. A. concluding B. sharpening C. declining D. generating 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：教练强调了在训练中提高他们投篮技术的重要性。A. concluding下结论；B. sharpening提高，变强；C. declining下降；D. generating产生。根据后文“their shooting skills”指提高投篮技术。故选B。 16. This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already ______ and being used in some homes. A. available B. natural C. distant D. identical 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种智能技术并不是幻想。这些新发明中的许多已经可用，并在一些家庭中使用。A. available可利用的；B. natural自然的；C. distant疏远的；遥远的；D. identical同一的；相同的。根据“This smart technology is not a fantasy.”可知，许多新发明是可用的。故选A。 17. Tan Dun is most widely known for ________ music for the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. A. composing B. assigning C. tackling D. suspecting 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tan Dun最广为人知的作品是为电影《卧虎藏龙》和2008年北京奥运会作曲。A. composing作曲；B. assigning分派；C. tackling应付，解决；D. suspecting怀疑。由“music for the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”可知，此处表示“作曲”。故选A。 18. We regret to ________you that your application has not been successful. A. examine B. inform C. deserve D. dread 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。A.examine检查；B.inform通知；告知；C.deserve值得；D.dread害怕。根据后文“your application has not been successful”可知，需要选择一个表示“通知”的动词。故选B。 19. The medicine will stop your pain for a while but it’s difficult to find a cure for the disease. A. cruel B. upset C. permanent D. emotive 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种药会暂时止痛，但很难找到永久治愈这种疾病的方法。A. cruel残酷的，冷酷的；B. upset沮丧的；C. permanent永久的；D. emotive有感染力的，敏感的。根据but前的“The medicine will stop your pain for a while”可知，这里表示很难找到永久治愈的方法。故选C。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Do you love taking photographs of plants, flowers, trees, and wildlife? When you’re outdoors, are you often trying to capture the amazing beauty of the natural world? If so, now is your chance to use your creativity, curiosity, and skills to enter the fourth annual Nature Photo Contest. How to enter ·Consider the judging criteria. Submissions will be judged on quality (clear well-composed photographs that aren’t misty), originality (the use of creativity and imagination through the camera lens), and how well they reflect the nature theme. ·Choose one photo to enter. Only one photograph per participant is allowed and professional artists are not allowed. ·Fill out an entry form and pay the entry fee. Submit (提交) your work by July 31, 2024. ·Enter the correct age group category. Children aged 8 to 10 will be judged in one category. Children aged 11 to 14 will be judged in another category. Winners will be selected from each category. The entry form for 8 to 10 is at tinyurl.com/TWJUS-2024PhotoContest-8-10. The entry form for 11 to 14 is at tinyurl.com/TWJUS-2024PhotoContest-11-14. The judges The Nature Photo Contest will be judged by three award-winning professional photographers: Jesse Burke, Angela Led yard, and Ami Vitale. The prize The winning entries will be featured in a free holiday to California with one parent. 20. Who is the contest targeted at? A. Nature protectors. B. Photography fans. C. Travelling lovers. D. Professional photographers. 21. Which of the following is a requirement of the contest? A. Submissions should be shot with phone. B. Every participant should submit more than one photo. C. The entries should be uploaded before August. D. The entries should be sent to the same website. 22. What can we know about the contest? A. All types of works are welcome. B. The participants can sign up for free. C. The entries will be judged by an organization. D. The winners will get a chance to travel to California. 【答案】20. B 21. C 22. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了第四届自然摄影比赛的参赛规则、评判标准及奖项设置等信息。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Do you love taking photographs of plants, flowers, trees, and wildlife? When you’re outdoors, are you often trying to capture the amazing beauty of the natural world? If so, now is your chance to use your creativity, curiosity, and skills to enter the fourth annual Nature Photo Contest.(你喜欢拍摄植物、花朵、树木和野生动物的照片吗？当你在户外时，你是否经常试图捕捉自然世界的惊人之美？如果是这样的话，现在是你利用你的创造力、好奇心和技能参加第四届年度自然摄影大赛的机会)”可知，比赛面向的是喜欢拍摄自然景观的摄影爱好者。故选B。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章How to enter部分“Submit your work by July 31, 2024.(上交您的作品截止到2024年7月31日)”可知，参赛作品必须在8月前上传。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章The prize部分“The winning entries will be featured in a free holiday to California with one parent.(获奖作品的作者将有机会与一位家长一起享受免费的加州假期)”可知，获胜者将有机会免费前往加州旅游。故选D。 B A man sat at a metro station in Washington D.C. and started to play the violin; it was a cold January morning. He played six pieces for about 45 minutes. During that time, since it was rush hour, 1,100 people went through the station, most of them on their way to work. Three minutes went by, and a middle-aged man noticed there was musician playing. A few minutes later, someone leaned against the wall to listen to him. They stopped for a few seconds, and then hurried up to meet their schedule. The one who paid the most attention was a 3-year-old boy. His mother followed him along, hurried, but the kid stopped to look at the violinist. Finally, the mother pushed hard, and the child continued to walk, turning his head all the time. This was repeated by several other children. All the parents, without exception, forced them to move on. In the 45 minutes the musician played, only 6 people stopped and stayed for a while. About 20 gave him money but continued to walk at their normal pace. He collected 32 dollars. When he finished playing and silence took over, no one noticed it. No one applauded (鼓掌), nor was there any recognition. No one knew this, but the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the most talented musicians in the world. He had just played one of the most beautiful pieces ever written, on a violin worth 3.5 million dollars. Two days before his playing in the subway, Joshua Bell sold out at a theatre in Boston where the seats averaged 100 dollars. This is a real story. Joshua Bell’s playing in the metro station was organized by the Washington Post as part of a social experiment. One of the possible conclusions from this experience could be: If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music ever written, how many other things are we missing? 23. Why did few people stop to listen to Joshua Bell playing? A. People were in a hurry. B. It was too cold in the subway. C. They were not interested in music. D. The performance was not good enough. 24. What did the parents do when children stopped to look at the violinist? A. They would give him some money. B. They would stop to enjoy the music. C. They would applaud for the performance. D. They would urge them to continue walking 25. Why did Joshua Bell play in the metro station? A. To make more money. B. To practise his skills in playing music. C. To made an advertisement for his concert. D. To find out people’s reaction under such a circumstance. 26. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To show us how to play music. B. To set us to think about our life. C. To report a subway performance. D. To tell us the importance of music. 【答案】23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名小提琴家Joshua Bell在地铁站的演奏实验，来探讨人们在忙碌生活中对美好事物的忽视，以及这种忽视背后所反映的社会现象。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“During that time, since it was rush hour, 1,100 people went through the station, most of them on their way to work.(在那段时间里，由于是上班高峰期，有1100人经过地铁站，其中大部分人都是去上班的)”以及第二段“They stopped for a few seconds, and then hurried up to meet their schedule.(他们停了几秒钟，然后又匆匆赶路去赴约)”可知，人们之所以没有停下来听Joshua Bell演奏，是因为他们都很匆忙。故选A。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The one who paid the most attention was a 3-year-old boy. His mother followed him along, hurried, but the kid stopped to look at the violinist. Finally, the mother pushed hard, and the child continued to walk, turning his head all the time. This was repeated by several other children. All the parents, without exception, forced them to move on.(最专注的听众是一名3岁的小男孩。他的母亲紧跟在他身后，步伐匆忙，但孩子停下来看向那位小提琴手。最后，母亲用力推了推他，孩子继续往前走，但一直回头张望。其他几个孩子也出现了同样的情况。无一例外，所有父母都催促他们继续赶路)”可知，当孩子们停下来看小提琴手时，父母们会催促他们继续走路。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“This is a real story. Joshua Bell’s playing in the metro station was organized by the Washington Post as part of a social experiment.(这是一个真实的故事。Joshua Bell在地铁站的演奏是《华盛顿邮报》组织的一项社会实验的一部分)”以及最后一段“One of the possible conclusions from this experience could be: If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music ever written, how many other things are we missing?(从这次经历中可能得出的一个结论是：如果我们连片刻时间都抽不出来，去聆听世界上最好的音乐家演奏有史以来最美妙的音乐，那么我们还会错过多少其他的事情呢？)”可知，Joshua Bell在地铁站演奏是为了了解人们在这种情况下的反应。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段提到著名小提琴家约夏·贝尔在地铁站的演奏实验，以及人们对此的反应，接下来几段详细描述了实验的过程和结果。最后一段提到“If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music ever written, how many other things are we missing?(如果我们连片刻时间都抽不出来，去聆听世界上最好的音乐家演奏有史以来最美妙的音乐，那么我们还会错过多少其他的事情呢？)”可知，文章通过描述Joshua Bell在地铁站的演奏实验，以及人们对此的反应，旨在引发读者对生活的思考，让读者意识到在忙碌的生活中可能会错过很多美好。故选B。 C Scientists at the UCL Institute for Neurology have developed new tools, based on AI language models, that can characterize subtle signatures in the speech of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (精神分裂症). The research, published in PNAS, aims to understand how the automated analysis of language could help doctors and scientists diagnose and assess psychiatric (病) conditions. Currently, psychiatric diagnosis is based almost entirely on talking with patients and those close to them, with only a minimal role for tests such as blood tests and brain scans. However, this lack of precision prevents a richer understanding of the causes of mental illness and the monitoring of treatment. The researchers asked 26 participants with schizophrenia and 26 control participants to complete two verbal fluency tasks, where they were asked to name as many words as they could either belonging to the category “animals” or starting with the letter “p” in five minutes. To analyze the answers given by participants, the team used an AI language model to represent the meaning of words in a similar way to humans. They tested whether the words people naturally recalled could be predicted by the AI model, and whether this predictability was reduced in patients with schizophrenia. They found that the answers given by control participants were indeed more predictable by the AI model than those generated by people with schizophrenia, and that this difference was largest in patients with more severe symptoms. The researchers think that this difference might have to do with the way the brain learns relationships between memories and ideas, and stores this information in so called “cognitive maps”. The team now plan to use this technology in a larger sample of patients, across more diverse speech setting, to test whether it might prove useful in the clinic. Lead author, Dr. Matthew Nour, said: “There is enormous interest in using AI language models in medicine. If these tools prove safe, I expect they will begin to be used in the clinic within the next decade.” 27. What is the disadvantage of current psychiatric diagnosis? A. It is greatly related to blood tests. B. It mostly relies on talking with patients. C. It refers to the words of patients’ family. D. It can’t comprehend schizophrenia deeply. 28. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the research. B. The tasks of the participants. C. The performance of researchers. D. The predictability of AI language models 29. What is Dr Matthew Nour’s attitude toward AI language models? A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Negative. 30. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. AI language new tools used in the clinic. B. AI language tools developed by scientists. C. AI language models treating schizophrenia. D. AI language models diagnosing schizophrenia. 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了利用人工智能语言模式帮助诊断精神分裂症。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Currently, psychiatric diagnosis is based almost entirely on talking with patients and those close to them, with only a minimal role for tests such as blood tests and brain scans. However, this lack of precision prevents a richer understanding of the causes of mental illness and the monitoring of treatment (目前，精神病诊断几乎完全基于与患者及其亲近者的交谈，血液测试和脑部扫描等测试只起到很小的作用。然而，这种缺乏准确性的情况阻碍了对精神疾病原因和治疗监测的更深入了解)”可知，传统方式最大的弊端是无法深入地理解精神分裂症的原因。故选D。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The researchers asked 26 participants with schizophrenia and 26 control participants to complete two verbal fluency tasks, where they were asked to name as many words as they could either belonging to the category “animals” or starting with the letter “p” in five minutes. To analyze the answers given by participants, the team used an AI language model to represent the meaning of words in a similar way to humans. They tested whether the words people naturally recalled could be predicted by the AI model, and whether this predictability was reduced in patients with schizophrenia. (研究人员要求26名患有精神分裂症的参与者和26名对照参与者完成两项语言流利性任务，要求他们在五分钟内说出尽可能多的单词，要么属于“动物”类别，要么以字母“p”开头。为了分析参与者给出的答案，该团队使用人工智能语言模型以类似于人类的方式表示单词的含义。他们测试了人工智能模型是否可以预测人们自然回忆的单词，以及这种可预测性在精神分裂症患者中是否降低。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了科学家是如何执行这项实验的，即科学研究的过程。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lead author, Dr. Matthew Nour, said: “There is enormous interest in using AI language models in medicine. If these tools prove safe, I expect they will begin to be used in the clinic within the next decade. (首席作者Matthew Nour博士说：“人们对在医学中使用人工智能语言模型非常感兴趣。如果这些工具被证明是安全的，我预计它们将在未来十年内开始在临床上使用”。)”可知，Dr Matthew Nour对这项人工智能语言模式持肯定和乐观的态度。故选B。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据主旨段第一段中“The research, published in PNAS, aims to understand how the automated analysis of language could help doctors and scientists diagnose and assess psychiatric(精神病的) conditions. (这项发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究旨在了解语言的自动分析如何帮助医生和科学家诊断和评估精神疾病。)”可知，本文主要讲了人工智能语言模式帮助诊断精神分裂症。故选D。 D The richness of the natural world aren’t spread evenly across the globe. Places like the tropical Andes (安第斯山脉) in South America are packed with unique species, many found no place else on Earth. Previously, the main explanation for the biological richness concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that they were such places where new species evolved at a faster rate than other parts of the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead sporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster. The researchers say the biodiversity cold spots are generally found in harsher (更严酷的) environments featuring freeing, dry and unstable conditions. Though the researchers have found these locations with few bird species tend to produce new ones at high rates, they fail to accumulate many species because the unstable conditions frequently make the new life forms die out. The more well-known hot spots, by contrast, have accumulated their large numbers of species by being warm, hospitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers have found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms. That actually accounts for higher species richness there. “Our results suggest that these hot spots for biodiversity are not hot spots for the evolution of new species,” says Elizabeth Derryberry, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee. “New species do form in places like the Amazon, just not as frequently as in more extreme environments.” The researchers managed to collect 1,940 samples (样本) representing 1,287 of the 1,306 bird species from South America. Their analysis revealed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species-rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly. On a practical level, the study’s findings add new urgency for stopping destroying ecosystems that may look dry and bare, because they may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species. 31. What is the previous explanation for biodiversity in the Amazon Basin? A. Its species’ strong survival abilities. B. The immigration of foreign species. C. The rapid evolution of new species. D. Its vast living space for new species. 32. Why do the bird species in the Amazon tend to be older? A. It constantly attracts new species to come. B. There’s less competition and more chances. C. It had extreme environments a long time ago. D. The environment there is stable and favorable. 33. According to the study’s findings, what should we do? A. Conserve harsh ecosystems. B. Develop species-rich environments. C. Help species in hot areas live longer. D. Limit species in biodiversity cold spots. 34. What is the main idea of the text? A. Bird species prefer to live in harsher ecosystems. B. Species-poor areas may produce new species faster. C. Tropical areas are home to large numbers of species, D. Hot areas are more attractive to species than cold areas. 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明，物种较少的地区比物种丰富的地区能更频繁地孕育出新物种。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Previously, the main explanation for the biological riches concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that they were such places where new species evolved at a faster rate than other parts of the world.(以前，对多种生物集中在亚马逊盆地这样地方的主要解释是，这些地方的新物种的进化速度比世界其他地方要快)”可知，以前，对亚马逊地区生物多样性丰富的解释是，该地区新物种的进化速度快，故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The more well-known hot spots, by contrast, have accumulated their large numbers of species by being warm, hospitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers have found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms.(相比之下，更著名的热点地区，由于温暖、环境适宜和相对稳定，积累了大量的物种。事实上，研究人员已经发现，从进化的角度来看，以亚马逊为家的无数鸟类在进化方面往往更为古老)”可知，亚马逊地区的鸟类较古老是因为该地区环境适宜且稳定，故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“On a practical level, the study’s findings add new urgency for stopping destroying ecosystems that may look dry and bare, because they may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species.(实际上，这项研究的发现为阻止破坏那些看起来干燥裸露的生态系统增添了新的紧迫性，因为它们实际上可能是新物种进化的自然温室)”可知，研究表明，严酷的生态环境有可能是新物种进化的温室，因此可以推断出，我们应该保护那些严酷的生态环境，故选A。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead sporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster.(但现在，一项关于鸟类进化的新研究可能会颠覆这一假设，取而代之的是，物种较少的地区实际上往往会更快地产生新物种)”可知，本文主要讲了物种较少的地方可能更频繁地孕育出新物种，故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A good laugh is like a mild workout. It exercises the muscles, gets the blood flowing, decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system._____35_____. Don’t take life too seriously. We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes. _____36_____ In fact, if you can laugh light-heartedly at your own fault, you’ll find that you give yourself that extra happiness and confidence increase that can get you over any obstacle. Find the humor in a bad situation. Sure , there are some situations where you are really sad. _____37_____The next time you feel the stress levels rising, take a minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the things you cannot control. This will lower your blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate. Remind yourself of funny moments from the past. Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing. _____38_____. Sometimes just reliving a funny moment can cause the endorphins (内啡肽), natural painkillers, to kick in. ___39___. As the saying goes, laughter is contagious(会传染的）. So make a point of seeking out positive people who aren’t afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in life’s situations. Young children are especially skilled at finding laughter and joy in everyday moments. A. Take control over your emotions. B. There is no reason to blame yourself for it. C. However, most situations in life have funny sides. D. Surround yourself with fun people who like to laugh a lot. E. The following are some ways to enjoy more laughter and joy in your life. F. Studies show that people with pets have lower levels of depression and stress. G. Call on these memories frequently, especially when feeling sad, angry or stressed. 【答案】35. E 36. B 37. C 38. G 39. D 【解析】 【分析】本文属于说明文，告诉我们大笑对健康很有好处，同时文章中还给出了一些让我们更快乐有更多笑声的三个建议。 【35题详解】 根据前一句A good laugh is like a mild workout. It exercises the muscles, gets the blood flowing, decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system.大笑对我们有很好的作用，那么在生活中我们应该更多大笑。另外从下文三个黑体字部分可知这些都是让我们有更多笑声的方法。所以E项“以下是一些让你在生活中享受更多欢笑和快乐的方法”属于上下文的过渡句。故选E项。 【36题详解】 根据前句We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes.在生活中我们都会遇见障碍也都会犯错。犯错是生活中很正常的一件事情，所以我们不要因此而责备自己。故B项“不要因此而责备自己.”符合语境。故选B项。 【37题详解】 本段的标题是Find the humor in a bad situation.在糟糕的情景中找到幽默的一面。告诉我们当我们遇见困难时，要学会从中找到有趣的一面，让自己开心快乐。再根据横线前一句Sure , there are some situations where you are really sad当然，有一些我们真的很难受的情况。那么我们要从这些令人难受的情景中找到有趣的东西。故C项“我们要从这些令人难受的情景中找到有趣的东西”符合语境。故选C项。 【38题详解】 本段的标题为Remind yourself of funny moments from the past.让自己想起过去那些有趣的时刻，因为那些时刻对我们的情绪有很好的影响。所以我们要经常想起这些时刻，尤其是在我们悲伤难过的时候。选项中只有G项“要经常想起这些时刻，尤其是在我们悲伤难过的时候” 符合语境。故选G项。 【39题详解】 根据横线后两句As the saying goes, laughter is contagious(会传染的）. So make a point of seeking out positive people who aren’t afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in life’s situations.可知俗话说得好，笑是会传染的。 所以要特别注意寻找积极向上的人，他们不害怕嘲笑自己，善于在生活中寻找幽默。所以笑是会传染的，要让我们周围都是一些快乐的人，让自己快乐的人来感染我们。让我们一起快乐起来。所以D项“周围都是爱笑的有趣的人.”符合语境。故选D项。 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I ____40____ a routine of walking on the treadmill(跑步机). I was ____41____ with our routine in the gym. My friend, however, became bored. One day, he suggested that we ____42____ an outdoor sport. I was an uncoordinated (动作不协调的)person, so I ____43____ his proposal. But several weeks later, he managed to ____44____ me to step onto an outdoor racquetball (美式壁球)court. When I hit the ball, I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had ____45____. Still, somehow, I tried hard to learn it and became ____46____ after constantly practicing. “We’re not getting enough ____47____ on the treadmill. Why not play tennis to build up our body?” suggested my friend. “Tennis? I can’t play tennis! That ____48____ real skills!” I firmly resisted his new _____49_____. Nevertheless, weeks later, I started playing tennis. After several months of painful practice, one day, as the ball came flying towards me, my racket and the ball met in what tennis players _____50_____ as the “sweet spot”. I had _____51_____learned how to play tennis properly! I learned an extremely valuable _____52_____ from these experiences: I can do whatever I set my mind on. I just need to put in efforts, and the results will _____53_____. And I become quite _____54_____ about trying new things and I’m always filled with a sense of excitement. 40. A. began B. changed C. quit D. delayed 41. A. disappointed B. familiar C. satisfied D. careful 42. A. show off B. take up C. keep off D. set out 43. A. refused B. supported C. highlighted D. understood 44. A. remind B. allow C. expect D. persuade 45. A. imagined B. intended C. agreed D. found 46. A. considerate B. cautious C. mature D. skillful 47. A. exercise B. entertainment C. movement D. experience 48. A. occupies B. preserves C. improves D. involves 49. A. method B. chance C. attempt D. assistance 50. A. refer to B. think out C. make up D. set down 51. A. occasionally B. formally C. eventually D. frequently 52. A. concept B. lesson C. theory D. standard 53. A. respond B. remain C. follow D. help 54. A. hesitant B. enthusiastic C. particular D. flexible 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议。主要讲述了毕业之后，作者决定要开始锻炼，起初是在健身房的跑步机上行走，后来在朋友强烈的建议下，开始尝试了美式壁球和打网球，并且练习得非常成功。作者由此学到了宝贵的一课：作者可以做他任何想做的事情。只要付诸努力，结果会随之而来。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在朋友的陪伴下，我开始了在跑步机上行走的习惯。A. began开始；B. changed改变；C. quit放弃；D. delayed延迟。根据前文内容“I decided to take the gym seriously”，我决定要在健身房锻炼，之后“开始”在跑步机上行走，此处考查动作顺序。故答案为A。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对我们在健身房的日常活动很满意。然而，我的朋友却感到厌烦了。A. disappointed失望的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. satisfied满意的；D. careful小心的。提示词however表明前后句意呈转折关系，后文“My friend, however, became bored”作者朋友感觉无聊，所以前文作者情绪是“满意的”，构成转折。故答案为C。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天，他建议我们从事一项户外运动。A. show off炫耀；B. take up开始，从事；C. keep off不接近；D. set out出发。根据空前提示“suggested”可知这只是建议，还没有开始，结合空后的宾语“an outdoor sport”，take up符合题意，表示“开始，参加”一项户外运动。故答案为B。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是个动作不协调的人，所以我拒绝了他的建议。A. refused拒绝；B. supported支持；C. highlighted强调；D. understood理解。根据空前提示词“uncoordinated”，A选项符合题意，前后构成因果关系。故答案为A。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但几周后，他成功说服我去一个美式壁球场地。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. expect期望；D. persuade说服。由前文可知，作者起初拒绝了朋友的开始户外活动的建议，提示词“But”表明前后句意呈转折关系，但几周之后，朋友成功“说服”我去该户外场地。故答案为D。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我击球时，我让它向各个方向飞去，除了我想要的方向。A. imagined想象；B. intended打算，想要；C. agreed同意；D. found发现。根据空前提示词except，B选项符合题意，“想要”的方向和前文的实际击球的方向形成对比。故答案为B。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，不知为什么，我还是努力学习，并在不断练习后变得熟练起来。A. considerate考虑周到的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. mature成熟的；D. skillful熟练的。根据并列连词and和空后内容“after constantly practicing”，选项D符合题意，努力练习，经过持续练习后变“熟练”。故答案为D。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们在跑步机上没有得到足够的锻炼。为什么不打网球来锻炼身体呢？”我的朋友建议道。A. exercise锻炼；B. entertainment娱乐；C. movement移动；D. experience经历，经验。根据空后内容“to build up our body”可知，朋友想要打网球来锻炼身体，所以认为在跑步机上并不能得到充分的“锻炼”，所以A选项符合题意。故答案为A。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“网球？我不会打网球！这需要真正的技巧！”A. occupies占用；B. preserves保存；C. improves提升；D. involves涉及，包含。空格的主语that指代前文的“play tennis”,打网球“涉及”到真正的技巧。故答案为D。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坚决抵制他的新尝试。A. method方法；B. chance机会；C. attempt尝试，企图。D. assistance帮助。此处空格指代前文朋友建议通过打网球来强身健体，这是一种新的“尝试，企图”。故答案为C。 【50题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过几个月的痛苦练习，有一天，当球飞向我时，我的球拍和球相遇了，网球运动员称之为“甜区”。A. refer to提及，指的是；B. think out仔细考虑；C. make up编造；D. set down放下。此处what引导宾语从句，从句中缺宾语，作者球拍和球相遇的这一完美球被网球运动员“称之为”甜区。故答案为A。 【51题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我终于学会了如何正确地打网球！A. occasionally偶尔；B. formally正式地；C. eventually终于；D. frequently频繁地。由前文可知，作者起初抗拒朋友打网球的新建议，但几周之后还是开始进行这一运动，并且某天打出了完美的球，所以“最终”作者学会了如何正确打网球，前后形成时间顺序。故答案为C。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从这些经历中学到了非常宝贵的一课：我可以做任何我下定决心要做的事。A. concept概念；B. lesson课程，教训；C. theory理论；D. standard标准。冒号内容进一步解释了该空，“ I can do whatever I set my mind on”是我从这些经历中学到的“经验，教训”。故答案为B。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只需要付出努力，结果就会随之而来。A. respond回应；B. remain保持；C. follow跟着；D. help帮助。根据并列词and和“ I just need to put in efforts”，选项C符合题意，努力之后好的结果也会“随之而来”。故答案为C。 【54题详解】 查形容词词义辨析。句意：我变得非常热衷于尝试新事物，我总是充满兴奋感。A. hesitant犹豫不决的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. particular特别的；D. flexible灵活的。由前文可知，作者通过这几次经历明白了只要下定决心去做，就可以成功，后文描述了作者总是充满激动感，所以作者现在喜欢尝试新鲜事物，对新鲜事物保持“热情”。故答案为B。 第二节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分) 请在方框中选择合适的选项，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。 注意：(1)每个选项只能使用一次； (2)方框中有一个多余选项。 A．interaction B．passionate C．deserves D．trend E．suspect F．essential G．cooperation H．generations L．generates J．delight K．innovations Nature and its connection to our daily lives are ____55____ for our well-being. Many people are ____56____ about spending time outdoors because it ____57____ a sense of peace and happiness. Whether it’s walking in the park, hiking in the mountains, or simply enjoying a garden, nature offers us a break from the busy world. The ____58____ between humans and nature can bring a lot of ____59____ and help reduce stress. However, there is a growing ____60____ where people spend less time outside due to technology and busy lifestyles. Some may ____61____ that this change could lead to negative effects on our health. Sitting indoors for too long, away from the natural world, may make us feel disconnected or tired. Nevertheless, new ideas and ____62____ are helping us find ways to bring nature into our lives. For example, urban gardens and green spaces are becoming more common in cities. Nature ____63____ our attention and care. It provides us with food, clean air, and beauty. We should take steps to protect it so that future _____64_____ can continue to enjoy its many benefits. By finding a balance between technology and nature, we can create a healthier and more fulfilling life. 【答案】55. F 56. B 57. I 58. A 59. J 60. D 61. E 62. K 63. C 64. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕自然与人类日常生活的联系及其对人们福祉的重要性进行论述，提出了人们应该关注自然、呵护自然，并寻找科技与自然之间的平衡，以创造更健康、更充实的生活。 【55题详解】 考查形容词。句意：自然与我们日常生活的联系对我们的福祉至关重要。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了自然与我们日常生活的联系对我们的福祉很重要。选项F“essential”，意为“重要的”，符合句意。故选F。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多人热衷于花时间在户外，因为这能带来一种平和与幸福的感觉。根据下文“because it ____3____ a sense of peace and happiness”可推测，有人喜欢户外生活。选项B“passionate”，形容词，意为“热心的”，符合句意。故选B。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：许多人热衷于花时间在户外，因为这能带来一种平和与幸福的感觉。根据主语“it”以及空后的“a sense of peace and happiness”可推测，待在户外可以带来幸福感。选项I“generates”，动词，意为“产生”，符合句意。故选I。 【58题详解】 考查名词。句意：人与自然的互动可以带来很多乐趣，并有助于减轻压力。根据空后的“between humans and nature”以及上文所说的有人喜欢待在户外可知，空处指的是人与自然的“互动”。选项A“interaction”，名词，意为“互动”，符合句意。故选A。 【59题详解】 考查名词。句意：人与自然的互动可以带来很多乐趣，并有助于减轻压力。根据下文“help reduce stress”可推测，空处指的是带来“乐趣”。选项J“delight”，名词，意为“高兴”，符合句意。故选J。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，由于科技和繁忙的生活方式，人们待在户外的时间越来越少，这一趋势正在加剧。根据空后“where people spend less time outside due to technology and busy lifestyles”可知，下文讲述的是一种“趋势、现象”。选项D“trend”，意为“趋势”，符合句意。故选D。 【61题详解】 考查动词。句意：一些人可能会怀疑，这种变化可能会对我们的健康产生负面影响。根据下文“this change could lead to negative effects on our health”可知，下文是一些人“担心、怀疑”的事情。选项E“suspect”，动词，意为“怀疑、疑问”，符合句意。故选E。 【62题详解】 考查名词。句意：不过，新的想法和创新正在帮助我们找到将自然融入生活的方式。根据空前的“new ideas”可推测，空处与此意思相似。选项K“innovations”，名词，意为“创新”，与上文“new ideas”相一致。故选K。 【63题详解】 考查动词。句意：自然值得我们关注和呵护。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据下文“It provides us with food, clean air, and beauty.”可知，自然会给我们提供食物、空气和美景。再根据主语“nature”以及空后的“our attention and care.”可知，自然“值得”我们呵护。选项C“deserves”，动词，意为“值得”，符合句意。故选C。 【64题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们应该采取措施保护它，以便后代能够继续享受它所带来的众多益处。根据上文“We should take steps to protect it”可知，我们保护自然，这样后代才能继续享受自然带来的好处。选项H“generations”，名词，意为“一代人”，符合句意。故选H。 第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the best-preserved core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis (中轴线) is now ____65____ consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status. Stretching over a distance of 7.8 kilometers, the Beijing Central Axis ____66____ (witness) China’s history since the 13th century. ____67____ (original) established in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), this exceptional path extends from the Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north to the Yongding Gate in the south. Many of Beijing’s most significant buildings are constructed along the axis, ____68____ (consist) of three world cultural heritage sites. It is the buildings along both sides of the axis ____69____ offer a glimpse into the lives of emperors and ordinary folks in history. It is said that the celebrated architect Liang Sicheng first used the term central axis in ____70____ (refer) to Beijing’s backbone. The central axis not only serves as a splendid representation of China’s principle of “respecting the center” in urban construction, ____71____ highlights harmony between man and nature. It has been 50 years since the birth of the World Heritage Convention, during ____72____ a total of 1, 154 heritage sites have been strictly evaluated around the world. In a world of change, World Heritage is ____73____ reminder of all that unites humanity. It is a _____74_____ (share) responsibility for each and every one of us. 【答案】65. under 66. has witnessed 67. Originally 68. consisting 69. that 70. referring 71. but 72. which 73. a 74. shared 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了北京中轴线的历史和现实意义。 【65题详解】 考查介词。句意为：作为北京旧城最保存完好的核心区，中轴线现在正被联合国教科文组织考虑列入世界遗产名录。 under consideration 为固定搭配，意为“在考虑中”，符合句意。故答案为under 。 【66题详解】 考查时态。句意为：北京中轴线绵延7.8公里，自13世纪以来见证了中国的历史。根据句意可知，此处表示北京中轴线见证了中国的历史，时间状语为since the 13th century ，故时态应用现在完成时，结构为 have / has done，主语为 the Beijing Central Axis ，故用 has done , witness 的过去分词为 witnessed。故答案为has witnessed。 【67题详解】 考查副词。句意：最初建于元朝（1271-1368)，这条非凡的小路北起鼓楼和钟楼，南至永定门。此处应用副词修饰动词“ established ”，句首单词首字母大写。故答案为Originally。 【68题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：北京许多最重要的建筑都是沿着中轴线建造的，由三处世界文化遗产组成。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，consist of 与其逻辑主语buildings 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。故答案为consisting。 【69题详解】 考查强调句。句意：正是中轴线两侧的建筑让人们得以一窥历史上帝王和普通人的生活。此处考查强调句型“ It is ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋其他”，此处强调主语“ the buildings along both sides of the axis ”。故答案为that。 【70题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：据说，著名建筑师梁思成首次使用“中轴线”一词指的就是北京的脊梁。in后接动名词referring作宾语。故答案为 referring。 【71题详解】 考查连词。句意：中轴线不仅是中国城市建设"尊重中心"原则的精彩体现，也凸显了人与自然的和谐。 not only … but ( also )…为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，符合句意。故答案为 but。 【72题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：自《世界遗产公约》诞生50年来，全球共严格评估了1154处遗产地。分析句子可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词为 the World Heritage Convention ，指物，在从句中作介词during的宾语，故用which 。 【73题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在一个变化的世界里，世界遗产是人类团结的一个提醒。 reminder 为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词， reminder以辅音音素开头，故用a。 【74题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是我们每个人的共同责任。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词responsibility , shared 意为“共同的”，符合句意。故答案为shared。 第四部分 应用文写作(满分20分) 75. 假定你是某国际学校体育俱乐部的负责人李华，你们俱乐部最近发起了“每天锻炼1小时”活动。请你结合以下要点写封倡议书，号召全校同学动起来。 1．活动目的； 2．其体做法； 3．发出倡议。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Students, To encourage us students to get into shape and enrich our school life, our school sports club has launched an activity themed “Exercise 60 minutes every day”. Regular exercise can be highly beneficial to us. We can go jogging or running in the morning. We recommend taking full advantage of break time at school to play jump rope, hula hoop and so on. In addition, it’s workable to cycle or swim after school. Only with good health can we enjoy a happy life and good academic performance. So I appeal to all the students in our school to work out for an hour every day. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生作为某国际学校体育俱乐部的负责人，就俱乐部最近发起的“每天锻炼1小时”活动这一情况写封倡议书，号召全校同学动起来。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：launch→ hold 建议：recommend → suggest 利用：take advantage of→ make use of 此外：In addition→ What’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To encourage us students to get into shape and enrich our school life, our school sports club has launched an activity themed “Exercise 60 minutes every day”. 拓展句：To encourage us students to get into shape and enrich our school life, our school sports club has launched an activity whose theme is “Exercise 60 minutes every day”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To encourage us students to get into shape and enrich our school life, our school sports club has launched an activity themed “Exercise 60 minutes every day”.（运用了非谓语动词中的动词不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】Only with good health can we enjoy a happy life and good academic performance（运用了only+状语置于句首的部分倒装） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 深圳市格致中学2024—2025学年第一学期第二次段考 高二年级英语试题 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，留存试卷，交回答题卡。 第一部分 基础知识(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 2. Alice received an invitation from her boss in London, ________ came as a surprise when she stayed in New York. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 3. The theory, ____ my opinions are based, consists of three parts. A. on which B. in which C. on that D. which 4. The poor old man eventually learned to avoid ________ into buying unnecessary stuff. A. talked B. being talked C. talking D. to talk 5. Above all, I have come to understand that ______ appreciation to competitors is showing our respect. A. express B. expressed C. expressing D. being expressed 6. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote 7. He prefers ________ at home ________ out because he can control the ingredients and portion sizes. A. to cook; to eat B. to cook; to eating C. cooking; to eat D. cooking; to eating 8. Unlike texts and videos, e-sports are popular around the world, with the barriers of language ______ down. A. broken B. to break C. being broken D. breaking 9. He ________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. had learned B. would have learned C. will learn D. has learned 10. At present, urban electricity system remains unstable, UPS should be used to ______ uninterrupted electric power supply. A. illuminate B. compose C. guarantee D. examine 11. My daughter’s abilities have been greatly improved, including her physical strength, ______ patience and the ability to bear stress. A. qualification B. ingredient C. endurance D. disgrace 12. When you talk about ________ things, people can understand you better if you draw concrete examples. A. abstract B. massive C. dedicate D. primitive 13. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________. A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick 14. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all. A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down 15. The coach emphasized the importance of ______ their shooting skills during practice sessions. A. concluding B. sharpening C. declining D. generating 16. This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already ______ and being used in some homes. A. available B. natural C. distant D. identical 17. Tan Dun is most widely known for ________ music for the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. A. composing B. assigning C. tackling D. suspecting 18. We regret to ________you that your application has not been successful. A. examine B. inform C. deserve D. dread 19. The medicine will stop your pain for a while but it’s difficult to find a cure for the disease. A. cruel B. upset C. permanent D. emotive 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Do you love taking photographs of plants, flowers, trees, and wildlife? When you’re outdoors, are you often trying to capture the amazing beauty of the natural world? If so, now is your chance to use your creativity, curiosity, and skills to enter the fourth annual Nature Photo Contest. How to enter ·Consider the judging criteria. Submissions will be judged on quality (clear well-composed photographs that aren’t misty), originality (the use of creativity and imagination through the camera lens), and how well they reflect the nature theme. ·Choose one photo to enter. Only one photograph per participant is allowed and professional artists are not allowed. ·Fill out an entry form and pay the entry fee. Submit (提交) your work by July 31, 2024. ·Enter the correct age group category. Children aged 8 to 10 will be judged in one category. Children aged 11 to 14 will be judged in another category. Winners will be selected from each category. The entry form for 8 to 10 is at tinyurl.com/TWJUS-2024PhotoContest-8-10. The entry form for 11 to 14 is at tinyurl.com/TWJUS-2024PhotoContest-11-14. The judges The Nature Photo Contest will be judged by three award-winning professional photographers: Jesse Burke, Angela Led yard, and Ami Vitale. The prize The winning entries will be featured in a free holiday to California with one parent. 20. Who is the contest targeted at? A. Nature protectors. B. Photography fans. C. Travelling lovers. D. Professional photographers. 21. Which of the following is a requirement of the contest? A. Submissions should be shot with phone. B. Every participant should submit more than one photo. C. The entries should be uploaded before August. D. The entries should be sent to the same website. 22. What can we know about the contest? A. All types of works are welcome. B. The participants can sign up for free. C. The entries will be judged by an organization. D. The winners will get a chance to travel to California. B A man sat at a metro station in Washington D.C. and started to play the violin; it was a cold January morning. He played six pieces for about 45 minutes. During that time, since it was rush hour, 1,100 people went through the station, most of them on their way to work. Three minutes went by, and a middle-aged man noticed there was musician playing. A few minutes later, someone leaned against the wall to listen to him. They stopped for a few seconds, and then hurried up to meet their schedule. The one who paid the most attention was a 3-year-old boy. His mother followed him along, hurried, but the kid stopped to look at the violinist. Finally, the mother pushed hard, and the child continued to walk, turning his head all the time. This was repeated by several other children. All the parents, without exception, forced them to move on. In the 45 minutes the musician played, only 6 people stopped and stayed for a while. About 20 gave him money but continued to walk at their normal pace. He collected 32 dollars. When he finished playing and silence took over, no one noticed it. No one applauded (鼓掌), nor was there any recognition. No one knew this, but the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the most talented musicians in the world. He had just played one of the most beautiful pieces ever written, on a violin worth 3.5 million dollars. Two days before his playing in the subway, Joshua Bell sold out at a theatre in Boston where the seats averaged 100 dollars. This is a real story. Joshua Bell’s playing in the metro station was organized by the Washington Post as part of a social experiment. One of the possible conclusions from this experience could be: If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music ever written, how many other things are we missing? 23. Why did few people stop to listen to Joshua Bell playing? A. People were in a hurry. B. It was too cold in the subway. C. They were not interested in music. D. The performance was not good enough. 24. What did the parents do when children stopped to look at the violinist? A. They would give him some money. B. They would stop to enjoy the music. C. They would applaud for the performance. D. They would urge them to continue walking 25. Why did Joshua Bell play in the metro station? A. To make more money. B. To practise his skills in playing music. C. To made an advertisement for his concert. D. To find out people’s reaction under such a circumstance. 26. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To show us how to play music. B. To set us to think about our life. C. To report a subway performance. D. To tell us the importance of music. C Scientists at the UCL Institute for Neurology have developed new tools, based on AI language models, that can characterize subtle signatures in the speech of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (精神分裂症). The research, published in PNAS, aims to understand how the automated analysis of language could help doctors and scientists diagnose and assess psychiatric (病) conditions. Currently, psychiatric diagnosis is based almost entirely on talking with patients and those close to them, with only a minimal role for tests such as blood tests and brain scans. However, this lack of precision prevents a richer understanding of the causes of mental illness and the monitoring of treatment. The researchers asked 26 participants with schizophrenia and 26 control participants to complete two verbal fluency tasks, where they were asked to name as many words as they could either belonging to the category “animals” or starting with the letter “p” in five minutes. To analyze the answers given by participants, the team used an AI language model to represent the meaning of words in a similar way to humans. They tested whether the words people naturally recalled could be predicted by the AI model, and whether this predictability was reduced in patients with schizophrenia. They found that the answers given by control participants were indeed more predictable by the AI model than those generated by people with schizophrenia, and that this difference was largest in patients with more severe symptoms. The researchers think that this difference might have to do with the way the brain learns relationships between memories and ideas, and stores this information in so called “cognitive maps”. The team now plan to use this technology in a larger sample of patients, across more diverse speech setting, to test whether it might prove useful in the clinic. Lead author, Dr. Matthew Nour, said: “There is enormous interest in using AI language models in medicine. If these tools prove safe, I expect they will begin to be used in the clinic within the next decade.” 27. What is the disadvantage of current psychiatric diagnosis? A. It is greatly related to blood tests. B. It mostly relies on talking with patients. C. It refers to the words of patients’ family. D. It can’t comprehend schizophrenia deeply. 28. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the research. B. The tasks of the participants. C. The performance of researchers. D. The predictability of AI language models 29. What is Dr Matthew Nour’s attitude toward AI language models? A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Negative. 30. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. AI language new tools used in the clinic. B. AI language tools developed by scientists. C. AI language models treating schizophrenia. D. AI language models diagnosing schizophrenia. D The richness of the natural world aren’t spread evenly across the globe. Places like the tropical Andes (安第斯山脉) in South America are packed with unique species, many found no place else on Earth. Previously, the main explanation for the biological richness concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that they were such places where new species evolved at a faster rate than other parts of the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption on its head, instead sporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster. The researchers say the biodiversity cold spots are generally found in harsher (更严酷的) environments featuring freeing, dry and unstable conditions. Though the researchers have found these locations with few bird species tend to produce new ones at high rates, they fail to accumulate many species because the unstable conditions frequently make the new life forms die out. The more well-known hot spots, by contrast, have accumulated their large numbers of species by being warm, hospitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers have found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms. That actually accounts for higher species richness there. “Our results suggest that these hot spots for biodiversity are not hot spots for the evolution of new species,” says Elizabeth Derryberry, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee. “New species do form in places like the Amazon, just not as frequently as in more extreme environments.” The researchers managed to collect 1,940 samples (样本) representing 1,287 of the 1,306 bird species from South America. Their analysis revealed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species-rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly. On a practical level, the study’s findings add new urgency for stopping destroying ecosystems that may look dry and bare, because they may actually be nature’s hothouses for the evolution of new species. 31. What is the previous explanation for biodiversity in the Amazon Basin? A. Its species’ strong survival abilities. B. The immigration of foreign species. C. The rapid evolution of new species. D. Its vast living space for new species. 32. Why do the bird species in the Amazon tend to be older? A. It constantly attracts new species to come. B. There’s less competition and more chances. C. It had extreme environments a long time ago. D. The environment there is stable and favorable. 33. According to the study’s findings, what should we do? A. Conserve harsh ecosystems. B. Develop species-rich environments. C. Help species in hot areas live longer. D. Limit species in biodiversity cold spots. 34. What is the main idea of the text? A. Bird species prefer to live in harsher ecosystems. B. Species-poor areas may produce new species faster. C. Tropical areas are home to large numbers of species, D. Hot areas are more attractive to species than cold areas. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A good laugh is like a mild workout. It exercises the muscles, gets the blood flowing, decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system._____35_____. Don’t take life too seriously. We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes. _____36_____ In fact, if you can laugh light-heartedly at your own fault, you’ll find that you give yourself that extra happiness and confidence increase that can get you over any obstacle. Find the humor in a bad situation. Sure , there are some situations where you are really sad. _____37_____The next time you feel the stress levels rising, take a minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the things you cannot control. This will lower your blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate. Remind yourself of funny moments from the past. Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing. _____38_____. Sometimes just reliving a funny moment can cause the endorphins (内啡肽), natural painkillers, to kick in. ___39___. As the saying goes, laughter is contagious(会传染的）. So make a point of seeking out positive people who aren’t afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in life’s situations. Young children are especially skilled at finding laughter and joy in everyday moments. A. Take control over your emotions. B. There is no reason to blame yourself for it. C. However, most situations in life have funny sides. D. Surround yourself with fun people who like to laugh a lot. E. The following are some ways to enjoy more laughter and joy in your life. F. Studies show that people with pets have lower levels of depression and stress. G. Call on these memories frequently, especially when feeling sad, angry or stressed. 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I ____40____ a routine of walking on the treadmill(跑步机). I was ____41____ with our routine in the gym. My friend, however, became bored. One day, he suggested that we ____42____ an outdoor sport. I was an uncoordinated (动作不协调的)person, so I ____43____ his proposal. But several weeks later, he managed to ____44____ me to step onto an outdoor racquetball (美式壁球)court. When I hit the ball, I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had ____45____. Still, somehow, I tried hard to learn it and became ____46____ after constantly practicing. “We’re not getting enough ____47____ on the treadmill. Why not play tennis to build up our body?” suggested my friend. “Tennis? I can’t play tennis! That ____48____ real skills!” I firmly resisted his new _____49_____. Nevertheless, weeks later, I started playing tennis. After several months of painful practice, one day, as the ball came flying towards me, my racket and the ball met in what tennis players _____50_____ as the “sweet spot”. I had _____51_____learned how to play tennis properly! I learned an extremely valuable _____52_____ from these experiences: I can do whatever I set my mind on. I just need to put in efforts, and the results will _____53_____. And I become quite _____54_____ about trying new things and I’m always filled with a sense of excitement. 40. A. began B. changed C. quit D. delayed 41. A. disappointed B. familiar C. satisfied D. careful 42. A. show off B. take up C. keep off D. set out 43. A. refused B. supported C. highlighted D. understood 44. A. remind B. allow C. expect D. persuade 45. A. imagined B. intended C. agreed D. found 46. A. considerate B. cautious C. mature D. skillful 47. A. exercise B. entertainment C. movement D. experience 48. A. occupies B. preserves C. improves D. involves 49. A. method B. chance C. attempt D. assistance 50. A. refer to B. think out C. make up D. set down 51. A. occasionally B. formally C. eventually D. frequently 52. A. concept B. lesson C. theory D. standard 53. A. respond B. remain C. follow D. help 54. A. hesitant B. enthusiastic C. particular D. flexible 第二节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分) 请在方框中选择合适的选项，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。 注意：(1)每个选项只能使用一次； (2)方框中有一个多余选项。 A．interaction B．passionate C．deserves D．trend E．suspect F．essential G．cooperation H．generations L．generates J．delight K．innovations Nature and its connection to our daily lives are ____55____ for our well-being. Many people are ____56____ about spending time outdoors because it ____57____ a sense of peace and happiness. Whether it’s walking in the park, hiking in the mountains, or simply enjoying a garden, nature offers us a break from the busy world. The ____58____ between humans and nature can bring a lot of ____59____ and help reduce stress. However, there is a growing ____60____ where people spend less time outside due to technology and busy lifestyles. Some may ____61____ that this change could lead to negative effects on our health. Sitting indoors for too long, away from the natural world, may make us feel disconnected or tired. Nevertheless, new ideas and ____62____ are helping us find ways to bring nature into our lives. For example, urban gardens and green spaces are becoming more common in cities. Nature ____63____ our attention and care. It provides us with food, clean air, and beauty. We should take steps to protect it so that future _____64_____ can continue to enjoy its many benefits. By finding a balance between technology and nature, we can create a healthier and more fulfilling life. 第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the best-preserved core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis (中轴线) is now ____65____ consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status. Stretching over a distance of 7.8 kilometers, the Beijing Central Axis ____66____ (witness) China’s history since the 13th century. ____67____ (original) established in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), this exceptional path extends from the Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north to the Yongding Gate in the south. Many of Beijing’s most significant buildings are constructed along the axis, ____68____ (consist) of three world cultural heritage sites. It is the buildings along both sides of the axis ____69____ offer a glimpse into the lives of emperors and ordinary folks in history. It is said that the celebrated architect Liang Sicheng first used the term central axis in ____70____ (refer) to Beijing’s backbone. The central axis not only serves as a splendid representation of China’s principle of “respecting the center” in urban construction, ____71____ highlights harmony between man and nature. It has been 50 years since the birth of the World Heritage Convention, during ____72____ a total of 1, 154 heritage sites have been strictly evaluated around the world. In a world of change, World Heritage is ____73____ reminder of all that unites humanity. It is a _____74_____ (share) responsibility for each and every one of us. 第四部分 应用文写作(满分20分) 75. 假定你是某国际学校体育俱乐部的负责人李华，你们俱乐部最近发起了“每天锻炼1小时”活动。请你结合以下要点写封倡议书，号召全校同学动起来。 1．活动目的； 2．其体做法； 3．发出倡议。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $