内容正文:
牛津译林版初中英语九上Unit8
Grammar
限制性定语从句和关系代词
1.关系代词who、which和that引导的限制性定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面,由关系词引出。
关系词有关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose等)和关系副词(where、when、why)之分。例如:
We like musicians who can write their own songs. 我们喜欢能自己写歌的音乐家。在上句中,musicians是先行词,who既是关系词,同时又作从句的主语。
注意:关系代词和关系副词的使用是根据先行词及其在从句中所充当的成分确定的。本单元主要讲解由关系代词who、which和that引导的限制性定语从句。
(1)关系代词who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。例如:
The boys who are playing football are from Class 2. 正在踢足球的那些男孩来自二班。(主语)
The girl (who)I met at the party yesterday was Linda. 昨天我在聚会上遇见的那个女孩是琳达。(宾语)
(2)关系代词which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。例:
The tomato is a vegetable which is good for health. 西红柿是一种对健康有益的蔬菜。(主语)
This is the pen (which)he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。(宾语)
(3)关系代词that指人时相当于who;指物时相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。例:
Daniel was the first man that reached the top of the mountain. 丹尼尔是第一个到达山顶的人。(主语)
The fish soup (that)you cooked is delicious. 你做的鱼汤很美味。(宾语)
【拓展】使用关系代词时需要注意的情况:
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如:
This is the businessman who comes from London. 这位是从伦敦来的商人。
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,有时可以省略;但是当介词位于关系代词之前时,关系代词不能省略且只能用which或whom。例如:
The hotel room in which we lived was both clean and comfortable. 我们住过的那个酒店房间干净又舒适。
Mr. Green is the teacher about whom they are talking. 格林先生就是他们正在谈论的那位老师。
(3)关系代词whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友,朋友的父亲是医生。
I’d like the room whose window faces the sea. 我想要那个窗户朝向大海的房间。
(4)当先行词指物时,关系代词只能用that,不用which的情况:
①当先行词是all、anything、something、nothing、everything等不定代词时。例如:
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我可以为你做些什么事吗?
②当先行词被the only、the very、the same、the last、all、little、few、much等词修饰时。例如:
I lost all the money that my father had given me. 我把父亲给的钱都弄丢了。
③当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时。例如:
The first magazine that I read was Readers. 我读的第一本杂志是《读者》。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。例如:
Betty likes to take photos of the things and people that she is interested in. 贝蒂喜欢给她感兴趣的东西和人拍照。
⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。例如:
Which is the present that you bought for me? 哪一份是你给我买的礼物?
⑥关系代词在从句中作表语时。例如:
It is not the village that it used to be. 这个村庄不再是以前的样子。
(5)在使用关系代词who和that指人时,应注意以下几种情况:
①当主句是there be句型时,用关系代词who。例如:There is a boy who is lying under the tree. 有一个男孩正躺在下。
②先行词是someone、anyone、everyone、one、those等词时,用关系代词who。例如:She is the one who got lost in the forest last week. 她就是上周在森林里迷路的那个人。
③当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,为了避免重复,用关系代词that。例如:Who is the man that is walking in the rain? 正在雨中行走的那个男子是谁?
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